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To meet the escalating energy demands, marine resources have assumed a significant role in the field of renewable energy. High performance and extended lifespan of offshore equipment provide robust underpinnings for marine resource exploration. Stainless steel, as one of the most widely used marine materials, its friction and corrosion problems in extreme marine environments have become critical factors influencing the service life of marine equipment. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology is a compelling method for current and future applications due to the advantages of simple process, no pollution, few consumables, and uniform film formation. The preparation of suitable strengthening coatings by PVD provides a promising approach for enhancing the surface properties of stainless steel. Here, we review the current status of research on the preparation of wear resistance and anti-corrosion coatings on stainless steel surfaces by PVD in marine environments. First, an overview of PVD technology is given. Second, the influence of nitride and carbon-based coatings prepared by PVD technology on the tribological and corrosion properties of stainless steel in the marine environment is discussed, and the strengthening mechanisms of the two coatings are compared and analyzed from the aspects of elemental doping and multilayer structure design. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the development of nitride and carbon-based coatings for marine environments are prospected. The goal is to propose the design ideas of a new generation of anti-wear and corrosion-resistant coatings.

Abstract Background The vein of Marshall (VOM) ethanol infusion is increasingly performed in combination with catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation (AF). The cannulation of the VOM can sometimes be challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the double-wire technique in cases of difficult cannulation of the VOM. Case presentation Patients with AF scheduled for combined catheter ablation and VOM ethanol infusion were consecutively enrolled. The procedure was performed via the femoral vein. If the regular cannulation technique with one angioplasty wire failed or took more than 20 min, the double-wire technique using a stabilizing wire and a cannulation wire was performed. The unique technique was used mainly in two scenarios, when the Eustachian ridge was too prominent as a barrier for catheter manipulation or when the VOM ostium was close to the coronary sinus ostium. Of 162 patients scheduled for VOM ethanol infusion, the double-wire technique was applied in 6 (3.7%) patients and led to a 100% successful cannulation rate of the VOM. Of the six patients, two had a prominent Eustachian ridge, and four had a VOM ostium close to the coronary sinus ostium. The mean cannulation time was 33.3 ± 7.3 min. The ethanol infusion was successfully performed in 5 patients. One patient had a collateral circulation in the distal VOM, and ethanol infusion was not performed. Conclusions The double-wire technique can facilitate VOM cannulation and ethanol infusion in challenging cases. Word count : 231.

Background: Most glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analytical reagents used were obtained from the analyzer's manufacturer. However, clinical laboratories need more choices for HbA1c analytical reagents to overcome the limitations of dedicated reagents for special analyzers. We developed new mobile phase buffers as HbA1c diagnostic reagents and evaluated their analytical performance for the HbA1c assay. Methods: Different mobile phase buffers used as HbA1c diagnostic reagents were prepared using different concentrations of sodium salts. According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendation guidelines, the analytical performances of the newly developed mobile phase buffers were evaluated on an ARKRAY HA-8160 Analyzer. Both quality controls and clinical blood samples were used in these experiments. To assess the quality of the newly developed mobile phase buffers, precision, accuracy, linearity, carryover, interference, bias, correlation with commercial reagents, and stability were analyzed. Results: The CVs of intra-assay precision and interassay precision of quality control and clinical.There were fewer than 1.00 % blood sample assays using the newly developed mobile phase buffer. The RDs of accuracy were less than 1.00 %. Linearity: R2 = 0.9998 in the concentration range of 4.40%–17.30 %. Carryover: 0.00 %. Reagent comparison revealed that the Pearson regression equation was Y = 0.9884x+0.05692 (R2 = 0.9977), and the Bland-Altman mean difference was −0.02650 % (CI: −0.2121 %–0.1591 %) between the two analytical reagents. Stability was also acceptable within 12 months. This mobile phase buffer showed good anti-interference ability. Conclusion: The newly developed mobile phase buffers demonstrated good analytical performance and were suitable for clinical HbA1c assays on an ARKRAY HA-8160 Analyzer.

Muscle loss and impairment resulting from traumatic injury can be alleviated by therapies using muscle stem cells. However, collecting sufficient numbers of autologous myogenic stem cells and expanding them efficiently has been challenging. Here we show that myogenic stem cells (predominantly Pax7+ cells)-which were selectively expanded from readily obtainable dermal fibroblasts or skeletal muscle stem cells using a specific cocktail of small molecules and transplanted into muscle injuries in adult, aged or dystrophic mice-led to functional muscle regeneration in the three animal models. We also show that sustained release of the small-molecule cocktail in situ through polymer nanoparticles led to muscle repair by inducing robust activation and expansion of resident satellite cells. Chemically induced stem cell expansion in vitro and in situ may prove to be advantageous for stem cell therapies that aim to regenerate skeletal muscle and other tissues.

This study reviews the metal corrosion problem regarding the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology and aims to deepen the understanding and research on this problem and thus deal with the severe material corrosion failures in the capture, transportation, utilization, and storage systems. Based on the novel corrosion environments, the uniqueness of corrosion behaviors, limited cognition, and relative lack of protective measures in CCUS technology systems, this study analyzes the possible types of metal corrosion and its major influencing factors, explores the challenges it brings, and draws the following conclusions. For the CO2 organic amine capture system, the degradation mechanism of absorbents and the impact of degradation products on the corrosion process are complex, and some degradation products have a inhibitory effect on metal corrosion. The internal corrosion issue of dense-phase CO2 transmission pipelines cannot be ignored, and controlling the moisture content is the key to controlling this corrosion problem. The risk of corrosion failures leading to CO2 leakage is high in the wellbore tubing of CO2 enhanced oil recovery utilization and storage systems under the long-term coupled effects of ultra-high CO2 partial pressure, carbon source impurities, high mineralized formation water, microorganisms, and stress. Finally, the research that needs to be conducted urgently in the future is prospected, including the corrosion impact of different carbon source impurities on each subsystem, the material degradation law in the wellbore area under long-term storage conditions, and corrosion protection technologies of CCUS systems.

Sound Event Detection and Localization (SELD) is a comprehensive task that aims to solve the subtasks of Sound Event Detection (SED) and Sound Source Localization (SSL) simultaneously. The task of SELD lies in the need to solve both sound recognition and spatial localization problems, and different categories of sound events may overlap in time and space, making it more difficult for the model to distinguish between different events occurring at the same time and to locate the sound source. In this study, the Dual-conv Coordinate Attention Module (DCAM) combines dual convolutional blocks and Coordinate Attention, and based on this, the network architecture based on the two-stage strategy is improved to form the SELD-oriented Two-Stage Dual-conv Coordinate Attention Model (TDCAM) for SELD. TDCAM draws on the concepts of Visual Geometry Group (VGG) networks and Coordinate Attention to effectively capture critical local information by focusing on the coordinate space information of the feature map and dealing with the relationship between the feature map channels to enhance the feature selection capability of the model. To address the limitation of a single-layer Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) in the two-stage network in terms of timing processing, we add to the structure of the two-layer Bi-GRU and introduce the data enhancement techniques of the frequency mask and time mask to improve the modeling and generalization ability of the model for timing features. Through experimental validation on the TAU Spatial Sound Events 2019 development dataset, our approach significantly improves the performance of SELD compared to the two-stage network baseline model. Furthermore, the effectiveness of DCAM and the two-layer Bi-GRU structure is confirmed by performing ablation experiments.