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After optimization of the processing route, the mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated with varying particle sizes and volume fractions of reinforcement. The best dispersion of the particles in the composite was obtained by using attrition milling followed by spray-drying; nevertheless, ball-milling led to satisfactory results for particle sizes higher than 3 μm. Elastic moduli, hardness and fracture toughness increase with the volume fraction of SiC. Fracture strength increases with both decreasing particle size and increasing volume fraction to reach 400 MPa for a glass matrix composite containing 47 vol% of SiC with 1 μm average panicle size. A further improvement is achieved by crystallizing the matrix.

International audience; Walk tests, principally the six-minute walk test (6mWT), constitute a safe, useful submaximal tool for exercise tolerance testing in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The 6mWT result reflects functional status, walking autonomy and efficacy of CR on walking endurance, which is more pronounced in patients with low functional capacity (heart failure - cardiac surgery). The 6mWT result is a strong predictor of mortality. However, clinically significant changes and reliability are still subject to debate - probably because of the ambiguity in terms of the target speed (either comfortable or brisk walking). Of the other time-based walk tests, the 2-minute-walk test is the only one applicable during CR, reserved for patients with severe disabilities by its psychometric properties. Fixed-distance tests (principally the 200m fast walk test) and incremental shuttle walking, tests explore higher levels of effort and may represent a safe and inexpensive alternative to laboratory-based tests during CR. These walking tests may be useful for personalizing prescription of training programs. However, the minimum clinically significant difference has not yet been determined. Lastly, walking tests appear to be potential useful tools in promoting physical activity and behavioural changes at home. Thus, validation of other walk tests with better psychometric properties will be necessary.

A new compact versatile linear accelerator named FLUTE is currently being designed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. This paper presents the status of this 42 MeV machine. It will be used to generate strong (several 100 MV/m) ultra-short (∼1 ps) THz pulses (up to ∼4–25 THz) for photon science experiments, as well as to conduct a variety of accelerator studies. The latter range from comparing different coherent THz radiation generation schemes to compressing electron bunches and studying the electron beam stability. The bunch charge will cover a wide range (∼100 pC–3 nC). Later we plan to also produce ultra-short x-ray pulses from the electron bunches, which, for example, could then be combined for THz pump–x-ray probe experiments.

A novel diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) chamber, specially designed for in situ and simultaneous infrared and conductance analysis of sensors, is described in this paper. The capabilities of this new tool are shown through the study of the reversible behaviour versus temperature of a CdGeON sensor under N 2 and synthetic-air atmospheres. The conductance of the sensor is directly related to the presence of DRIFTS bands at 810, 780 and 580 cm −1 assigned to oxygenated species directly bonded to single Ge atoms. These species are eliminated or restored in the solid network upon heating under N 2 or synthetic air, respectively. From the analysis of the resistance-temperature Arrhenius-type relationships, the influence of the atmosphere on the conduction mechanism is discussed.

Novel basic catalysts with high specific surface areas have been synthesized by activation under ammonia of an aluminophosphate oxide precursor. The nitrogen content as well as the acid-base properties depend on both time and temperature of nitridation. The conversion and reaction rate in Knoevenagel condensation are related to the nitrogen content.

Resume Sur la base de l'etude structurale de Na 3 AlP 3 O 9 N, deux series isotypes de phosphates azotes, les oxynitrures M I 3 M III P 3 O 9 N( M I = Na, K; M III = Al, Ga, In, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe) et M I 2 M II 2 P 3 O 9 N ( M I = Na; M II = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co), ont ete prepares et caracterises. Plusieurs methodes permettent d'acceder a ces composes par des reactions de type gaz–solide ou solide–solide, dans l'intervalle 600–800°C. Ils cristallisent dans le systeme cubique avec un parametre a compris entre 9,2 et 10 A selon la paire cationique envisagee. From the results of the crystal structure determination of Na 3 AlP 3 O 9 N two isotypic series of nitridophosphates have been characterized with the general formulations M I 3 M III P 3 O 9 N( M I = Na, K; M III = Al, Ga, In, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe) and M I 2 M II 2 P 3 O 9 N ( M I = Na, M II = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co). The preparation methods involve gas–solid or solid–solid reactions in the 600–800°C temperature range. All the oxynitrides are cubic with a parameter value between 9.2 and 10 A depending on the M I / M III or M I / M II cationic couple.

We report on the approach to extract the infrared and submillimeter radiation out of insertion devices of synchrotron source. In contrast with conventional schemes of extracting large solid angles from a dipole magnet, at the infrared facility in Orsay (SIRLOIN) we realised a design which minimises the heating of the optics and offers advantages including improved stability of the source. Because of the increased brilliance of future synchrotron facilities, these attributes will be required as the important heat load on optics would force out the conventional method of extraction. The performances of SIRLOIN in the infrared and submillimeter domain will be reviewed and some infrared optical experiments will be summarised. In particular, we will discuss: I) investigations of the infrared reflectivity of microcrystals of High-Tc superconductors. II) Vibrational spectroscopy of small clusters trapped in Argon matrices. III) Reconstruction of gold surfaces at the electrochemical interface.

We report a solid state nuclear magnetic resonance study of (23)Na, (27)Al, and (31)P in two crystalline nitridophosphate phases, Na(3)AlP(3)O(9)N and Na(2)Mg(2)P(3)O(9)N, including two-dimensional multiple-quantum magic angle spinning (MQ-MAS) experiments on (23)Na to separate overlapping lines. The previously described single-crystal structure of Na(3)AlP(3)O(9)N gives crystallographic examples of Al(OP)(6) and P(O[Al,Na])(2)(ONa)(N[P,Na]) environments and three different environments of sodium: two Na(O)(6) and one Na(O)(6)(N). From these observations we characterize the modification of the local environment of phosphorus and show that Mg only substitutes Na in the Na2 site of the Na(2)Mg(2)P(3)O(9)N structure.

Fine physicochemical characterization has allowed proposing of a mechanism for the nitridation pathway of a polyborosiloxane polymer into a new ceramic material in the SiBON system. A polyborosiloxane, a polymer consisting of Si-O-B linkages, was synthesized by the condensation reaction between tetrachlorosilane SiCl4 and boric acid B(OH)(3). The polymer was then thermally nitridated under flowing ammonia into an oxynitride of boron and silicon. This conversion was observed using various structural techniques: chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nitridation process can be divided in two main stages: (i) between 400 and 800 degrees C, B-N bonds are formed by B-O bond cleavage; (ii) above 1000 degrees C, Si-N bonds are formed by Si-O bond cleavage, The oxynitride remains amorphous even at 1300 degrees C. Pyrolysis up to 1700 degrees C led to a partial crystallization of hexagonal boron nitride.

A new oxynitride phase, Cd2−xGeO4−x−3yN2y, with 0.9 ≤ x ≤ 1.5 and 0.3 ≤ y ≤ 0.7 has been prepared by reaction of gaseous ammonia on a “CdGeO” amorphous phase. Its composition depends on the synthesis conditions and more particularly on the starting ratio Cd/Ge. The amorphous precursor is obtained by coprecipitation of cadmium and germanium oxides and gives after heating in air the crystallized double oxide Cd2GeO4 with or without the CdO oxide phase, depending on the initial Cd/Ge ratio. The oxynitrides obtained after nitridation have been characterized by chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. They present a tetrahedral structure derived from the wurtzite type with orthorhombic symmetry. The lattice parameters are 5.60 ≤ a ≤ 5.75 A, 6.80 ≤ b ≤ 6.85 A, and c ≈ 5.39 A. Electrical properties have been investigated and reveal that CdXGeOYNZ-based thick films can be used as gas sensors.

XPS and DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy) spectra of AlPO systems, formally AlPO4-Al2O3, obtained by the sol-gel method have been studied in order to understand their geometric and electronic structure. Both DRIFTS and XPS demonstrate that the acidbase character of these samples depends on a structural modification. For low phosphorus content an amorphous spinel-like solid is proposed. This geometric arrangement alters the electronic density of oxide ions and phosphorus cations and hence their Lewis acid-base properties with respect to the amorphous solid having aluminium and phosphorus only in tetrahedral arrangement.

Boric acid B(OH)(3) has been thermally nitrided under flowing ammonia into a boron oxynitride. This reaction has been followed using various structural techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses. Reaction of boric acid with ammonia began at 155 degrees C. The weight percent of nitrogen increases with the temperature of the pyrolysis process. Formation of B-N bonds is observed at 400 degrees C by infrared spectroscopy. Two boron species are observed by XPS and identified as boron linked mostly to oxygen atoms and as boron linked mostly to nitrogen atoms, denoted BOx and BNx, respectively. The intensity of the BNx signal increases with the pyrolysis temperature.

The surface composition of AIN samples exposed to atmospheric air has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) as a function of their preparation method. AIN samples have been obtained either by direct reaction of NH3 with Al2O3 at 1300 °C or by nitridation of aluminium metal with N2 in the presence of CaCO3 at lower temperatures. The addition of CaCO3 leads to the formation of a CaCO3 thin layer at the surface of the nitride particles that both inhibits the atmospheric corrosion and favours the sintering of the nitride powder.

Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) to reduce preterm delivery in women with a twin pregnancy and short cervix. Study Design This open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial included women with a twin pregnancy between 24 +0 and 31 +6 weeks of gestation who were asymptomatic and had a cervical length of 25 mm or less measured by routine transvaginal ultrasound. Women were randomized to receive (or not) 500 mg of intramuscular 17P, repeated twice weekly until 36 weeks or preterm delivery. The primary outcome was time from randomization to delivery. Analysis was performed according to the intent-to-treat principle. Results The 17P and control groups did not differ significantly for median [interquartile range] time to delivery: 45 (26–62) and 51 (36–66) days, respectively. However, treatment with 17P was associated with a significant increase in the rate of preterm delivery before 32 weeks. Conclusion Twice-weekly injections of 17P did not prolong pregnancy significantly in asymptomatic women with a twin pregnancy and short cervix.

The photoresponse of YBaCuO thin film microbridges with thicknesses between 15 and 50 nm was studied in the optical and terahertz frequency range. The voltage transients in response to short radiation pulses were recorded in real time with a resolution of a few tens of picoseconds. The bridges were excited by either femtosecond pulses at a wavelength of 0.8 μm or broadband (0.1–1.5 THz) picosecond pulses of coherent synchrotron radiation. The transients in response to optical radiation are qualitatively well explained in the framework of the two-temperature model with a fast component in the picosecond range and a bolometric nanosecond component whose decay time depends on the film thickness. The transients in the THz regime showed no bolometric component and had amplitudes up to three orders of magnitude larger than the two-temperature model predicts. Additionally THz field-dependent transients in the absence of DC bias were observed. We attribute the response in the THz regime to a rearrangement of vortices caused by high-frequency currents.

Chronic Chagas disease causes cardiopathy in 20-40% of the 8-10 million people affected. The prevalence of atherogenic factors increases rapidly in Latin America. Somatic, mental, behavioural and social characteristics of the 80,000 Latino migrants with Chagas disease in Europe are not known. We postulate that they may accumulate these factors for poor health--notably cardiovascular-outcomes.This study took place at the Geneva University Hospitals in 2011. Latin American migrants with Chagas disease diagnosed in Geneva since 2008 were contacted. Interviews and blood tests assessed behavioural, socioeconomic, metabolic and cardiovascular factors.One hundred and thirty-seven patients (women: 84.7%; median age: 43 years) with chronic Chagas disease were included in the study. The majority were Bolivians (94.2%), undocumented (83.3%), uninsured (72.3%) and living below the Swiss poverty line (89.1%). Prevalence of obesity was 25.5%, of hypertension 17.5%, of hypercholesterolemia 16.1%, of impaired fasting glucose 23.4%, of diabetes 2.9%, of metabolic syndrome 16.8%, of anxiety 58.4%, of depression 28.5%, of current smoking 15.4% and of sedentary lifestyle 62.8%. High (10%) 10-year cardiovascular risk affected 12.4%.Latin American migrants with Chagas disease accumulate pathogenic chronic conditions of infectious, non-transmissible, socioeconomic and behavioural origin, putting them at high risk of poor health, notably cardiovascular, outcomes. This highlights the importance of screening for these factors and providing interventions to tackle reversible disorders; facilitating access to care for this hard-to-reach population to prevent delays in medical interventions and poorer health outcomes; and launching prospective studies to evaluate the long-term impact of these combined factors on the natural course of Chagas disease.

Dedoncker, Anne | Lejeune, Corinne | Dupont, Catherine | Antoine, Daniel | Laurent, Yves | Casillas, Jean-Marie | Gremeaux, Vincent; International audience; This study aimed to evaluate the perception and long-term effects of an educative consultation performed before cardiac rehabilitation discharge. The patient and the referring nurse summed up the educative interventions, and filled a personalized form summarizing tertiary prevention goals. Fifty patients were contacted by mail at 11 1 months, and called at 4.2 +/- 0.2 years after discharge, to evaluate their satisfaction and assess cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) control. Mail response rate was 82%, and 90% of patients believed that it had encouraged them to adopt a healthier lifestyle. Almost half the number of patients declared that they considered the nurse intervention as positive. Telephone response rate was 54%. Most long-term effects were better than usually reported in the field of multidisciplinmy secondary prevention of CVRF. Patients felt that this educational action was positive, even though highlighting this role of nurses seems necessary. Additional controlled trials are needed to provide rigorous validation of this strategy.

This review of articles published in 2011 covers a large spectrum of topics that are of interest for the practice of general internal medicine and of primary care. Authors discuss public health issues, such as sleep disorders and their relationship with subsequent weight disorders, and the benefits of commercial weight reduction programs. Clinical topics, such as the management of victims of sexual violence and screening strategies for lung cancer, streptococcal pharyngitis, functional bowel disorders and hypertension in ambulatory settings are also reviewed. Besides, authors cover therapeutic issues, such as the treatment of hand arthritis with chondroitin sulfate and the management of plantar warts with salicylic acids and cryotherapy.

Since 2007, the number of people living in cities exceeds that of rural areas. Thus, cities and their organizations have a major influence on all spheres of human life, especially health. This influence may generate inequality, suffering and disease, but also represent an opportunity for health and well-being. This paper introduces the concept of urban health, particularly in terms of primary care medicine and presents solutions that encompass a wide field (politics, urban planning, social inequality, education). Improving urban health requires collaboration of medical with non-medical actors, in order to become of development (re-) urban structure and promotes the health of all.

Infrared reflectivity spectra of the series M 0.37 Si 0.53 Al 0.10 O 1.58−3χ/2 N χ with M  Mg, Ca and Ba and χ varying between 0 and 0.09 are reported. The far-infrared vibrational frequency of the M cation mainly depends on cationic mass. In the case of magnesium, the vibrational frequency is also sensitive to the coordination implying the glass-former (tetrahedral) or glass-modifier (likely octahedral). The anionic effective charge measured from the Coulombic contribution to the infrared reflection bands is smaller in nitrogenated glasses than in oxide glasses, showing an increased average bond hybrization, consistent with hardening of the structure indicated by macroscopic properties.

In silicon oxynitride glasses, the nitrogen occupies anion sites and is bonded to three silicons. Hence, replacement of divalent oxygen ions by trivalent nitrogen ones results in a considerable improvement of the mechanical resistance. In this exploratory work, the authors investigate some basic mechanical properties at room temperature of composite materials prepared by adding some SiC particles to a highly refractory Y-Mg-Si-Al-O-N oxynitride glass. Taking advantage of both constituents, the brittle particulate composites exhibit much better fracture strength and toughness and higher elastic moduli than the glassy matrix. Due to the easy crystallization of the selected glass, a further improvement is attainable through a crystallization treatment of the matrix. Fracture toughness and Young's modulus as high as 5.4 MPa.m[sup 0.5] and 215 GPa respectively have been measured on the glass-ceramic composite containing 50 vol.% SiC.

A new hydrogenated aluminophosphate oxynitride (ALPON) obtained by nitridation of AlPO4 can be used as a support to prepare a polyfunctional catalyst with both basic and metallic sites. Ni/ ALPON catalyst was effective for the low-pressure one-step methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) synthesis from acetone. The selectivity of the process depended on the temperature and time-on-stream of the hydrogen reduction treatment suggesting that selective MIBK production is achieved by a fine balance between basic and metallic sites.

The substitution of one nitrogen for oxygen in the K 2 NiF 4 structure type oxides A 2 BO 4 leads to the two isostructural A III 2 B III O 3 N and A II 2 B IV O 3 N series, illustrated by Nd 2 AlO 3 N and Sr 2 TaO 3 N which can be compared with the corresponding oxides CaNdAlO 4 and Sr 2 TiO 4 . A comparative study of the c/a ratios and of the thermal expansion anisotropy allows to determine the anionic ordering. Nitrogen and oxygen are ordered in Nd 2 AlO 3 N, whereas, in Sr 2 TaO 3 N, a statistical occupancy of the same crystallographic site is observed.

On a prepare, par action de l'ammoniac sur l'oxyde de molybdene MoO 3 , une phase de type Mo 2 Nγ dont la surface specifique et la morphologie dependent des conditions de synthese. Sa caracterisation par analyses chimique, radiocristallographique et thermogravimetrique revele des differences notables avec un nitrure de composition Mo 2 N. On a etudie son evolution a l'air ambiant, qui se traduit notamment par une perte progressive de surface specifique, et mis au point les conditions de sa totale regeneration. The authors have prepared, by reaction of ammonia on MoO 3 molybdenum oxide, a γ-Mo 2 N type phase whose surface area and morphology depend on the synthesis conditions. Characterization by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis show noticeable differences with a Mo 2 N composition nitride. We have studied its evolution at open air, which leads in particular to a gradual decrease in surface area, and determined the conditions of its entire regeneration.

A computerized program was written to collect, evaluate and compare reproductive performance data of 2004 beef (Belgian Blue breed) and 1649 dairy (Friesian Holstein and German Red) cattle in 35 Belgian herds (6 suckler beef herds, 9 milked beef herds and 20 dairy herds). Reproduction data were collected at monthly herd health visits. No difference in age at first calving was observed. Significant differences were observed among the 3 kinds of herds, and the best results were obtained in dairy herds for the calving interval, interval from calving to the first estrus, interval from calving to the first service and average number of days open. Concerning these parameters, first calvers had lower results than multiparous cows, mainly in suckler and milked beef herds. Significant differences were noted in the number of services per pregnancy. Heifers that had never calved presented the highest fertility. Primiparous beef cows had higher fertility than pluriparous cows. In dairy herds, pluriparous cows had higher fertility than primiparous cows. Estrus detection was better in milked beef herds than in suckled beef and dairy herds. Suckled beef herds had the lowest incidence of metritis and ovarian cysts of the three types of herds. Rates of abortion, overall culling and retained fetal membranes were similar in all the herds. The percentage of animals removed for infertility was highest in milked beef herds and lowest in dairy herds. Because 90% of the 1159 calvings recorded in the beef herds required a caesarean section, the reproductive performance of beef cattle represent results after caesarean section.

Les conditions d'obtention d'un oxynitrure d'aluminium et de magnesium de struture spinelle MgAlON dans le domaine delimite par l'existence des solutions solides spinelles MgAl 2 O 4 −Al 2 O 3 et AlON−Al 2 O 3 ont ete approfondies pour la gamme de temperature 1400-1850°C. L'etude d'une composition conservant le rapport massique N/Mg = 3.35 elaboree dans differents systemes: AlN−MgAl 2 O 4 , AlN−MgO, AlON−MgO a permis de mettre en evidence la presence de spinelles intermediaires ou se dissolvent en montee de temperature soit du nitrure d'aluminium soit de l'oxyde de magnesium pour donner lieu a la formation de MgAlON mais des reactions secondaires peuvent etre presentes dans certaines conditions. L'evolution du parametre de maille du spinelle MgAlON en fonction de sa composition a ete egalement etudiee

In recent years, Chagas disease has emerged as a disease of importance outside of endemic areas, largely as a result of migration. In Europe, clinicians may have to treat infected migrants from endemic areas as well as people with acute infections transmitted congenitally,through organ donation or blood transfusion.We describe here the characteristics of patients diagnosed with chronic Chagas disease at the core clinical sites of the EuroTravNet network during 2008 and 2009. Of the 13,349 people who attended the sites, 124 had chronic Chagas disease. Most (96%) were born in Bolivia and the median number of months in the country of residence before visiting a EuroTravNet core site was 38 months (quartile (Q₁)–Q₃: 26–55). The median age of the patients was 35 years (Q₁–Q₃: 29–45) and 65% were female. All but one were seen as outpatients and the most frequent reason for consultation was routine screening. Considering that Chagas disease can be transmitted outside endemic regions and that there is effective treatment for some stages of the infection, all migrants from Latin America (excluding the Caribbean) should be questioned about past exposure to the parasite and should undergo serological testing if infection is suspected.

Periodontal disease, including bone loss, is thought to be involved in coronary artery disease. Multiple complex coronary lesions relate to multifocal destabilization of coronary plaques. We investigated whether bone loss could be associated with the presence of multiple complex coronary lesions.This cross-sectional study included 150 patients with recent myocardial infarction (1 month). Multiple complex coronary lesions were determined at coronary angiography. A panoramic dental X-ray including bone loss50% was performed. Patients with no or simple complex lesions were compared to patients with multiple complex lesions.Over 20% of patients had multiple complex coronary lesions. Patients with multiple complex lesion were less likely to be women and more likely to have multivessel disease or elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) than patients with no or single complex lesion. Bone loss50% tended to be more frequent in patients with multiple complex lesions (p = 0.063). In multivariate analysis, multivessel disease, gender and CRP were associated with multiple complex lesion. Bone loss50% increased the risk of multiple complex lesion.Bone loss was associated with complex multiple coronary lesions, beyond systemic inflammation. These findings may bear important clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease.

International audience; OBJECTIVE: To estimate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the 200-m fast-walk test (FWT) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) during a cardiac rehabilitation program. DESIGN: Prospective study using distribution- and anchor-based methods. SETTING: Outpatients from a cardiac rehabilitation unit. PARTICIPANTS: Stable patients with CAD (N=81; 77 men; mean±SD age, 58.1±8.7y) enrolled 31±12.1 days after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 6MWT and 200-m FWT results before and after an 8-week cardiac rehabilitation program and at the 6th and 12th sessions. Patients and physiotherapists who supervised the training were asked to provide a global rating of perceived change in walking ability while blinded to changes in walk test performances. RESULTS: Mean change in 6MWT distance (6MWD) in patients who reported no change was -6.5m versus 23.3m in those who believed their performance had improved (P

A high-repetition-rate pump–probe experiment is presented, based on the asynchronous sampling approach. The low-α mode at the synchrotron ANKA can be used for a time resolution down to the picosecond limit for the time-domain sampling of the coherent THz emission as well as for hard X-ray pump–probe experiments, which probe structural dynamics in the condensed phase. It is shown that a synchronization of better than 1 ps is achieved, and examples of phonon dynamics of semiconductors are presented.

Objective: To study the effects of three individualized exercise training prescriptions using either a percentage of maximal heart rate (HR), maximal 6-minute walk test (6MWT) HR, or maximal 200-metre fast walk test (200-mFWT) HR, on walking performance and exercise capacity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Design: Controlled clinical study. Participants: Twenty-seven outpatients enrolled in a rehabilitation programme after an acute coronary syndrome. Setting: Cardiac rehabilitation unit. Interventions: Three groups: (A): moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) at 70% of the maximal HR of the graded maximal exercise test ( n = 10); (B): MICE at the maximal 6MWT HR ( n = 8); (C): high intensity interval training (HIIT) based on the 6MWT and the 200-mFWT maximal HR ( n = 9). Group B and C performed walk tests every 2 weeks, to readjust training HR (THR) if needed. Measures: 6MWT and 200-mFWT performances, peak VO2 and peak power (Pmax). Results: 6MWT and 200-mFWT performances improved significantly and similarly in all groups ( P 2 improved significantly in all groups ( P Conclusion: This pilot study showed that using the 6MWT and 200-mFWT HR to individualize MICE or HIIT prescription is feasible in CAD patients, and could lead them closer to THR objective, to similar improvements in walking performance, and greater peak VO2 increase for HIIT. Future randomised studies should investigate long-term effects of programmes prescribed from walk tests HR, especially for HIIT modality.

This review of articles published in 2010 covers the new role of dabigatran in atrial fibrillation, the lack of efficacy on pain of chondroïtine/ glucosamine in knee arthrosis, the risk of thrombosis with antipsychotics, the increase cardiovascular risk in case of migraine with aura and the insufficient prescription of adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly with colon cancer. Authors also highlight public health topics such as the association of poor oral hygiene and increased cardiovascular risk, the positive effect of opioid substitution therapy by primary care practitioners on mortality, the high frequency of prenatal violence on pregnant women and the negative impact of financial constraint on the risk of hospitalization.

Par action de l'ammoniac a 900-950°C sur les tantalates de terres rares LnTaO4, on a mis en evidence une nouvelle famille d'oxynitrures dont la structure est de type pyrochlore. Ces composes Ln2Ta2O5N2 ont ete obtenus pour les lanthanides de rayon inferieur ou egal a celui du neodyme, ainsi que pour l'yttrium. La maille cristalline est de symetrie cubique (10,2 A < a < 10,6 A). La stoechiometrie anionique impose un desordre oxygene-azote au moins partiel entre les deux sites cristallographiques correspondants. New oxynitrides Ln2 Ta2O5N2 (Ln = Nd → Yb, Y), belonging to the pyrochlore type structure, have been prepared by heating at 900-950°C the LnTaO4 corresponding tantalates. The a parameter of the cubic unit cell is comprised between 10.2 and 10.6 A. Because of the anionic stoichiometry, oxygen and nitrogen atoms are disordered, at least partially.

L'action de l'ammoniac sur les tungstates de lanthanides Ln2 WO6 a 800°C permet de preparer une nouvelle famille d'oxynitrures a structure fluorine deficitaire, de formule Ln2W(O, N)6-x (Ln = Nd → Yb, Y). Leur composition generale de type A4X6.6 est intermediaire entre la stoechiometrie de la fluorine CaF2(A4X8) et celle de la bixbyite Mn2O3(A4X6) qui en derive. La maille cristalline est cubique avec un parametre, fonction de la taille du lanthanide, compris entre 5,16 et 5,39 A. L'etude cristallochimique demontre que les atomes de lanthanide et de tungstene occupent une meme position cristallographique. New oxynitrides corresponding to the general formulation Ln2 W(O,N)6-x (Ln = Nd → Yb, Y) have been prepared by reaction at 800°C between ammonia and Ln2 WO6 tungstates, and characterized as defect fluorite type compounds. Their general composition A4X6.6 is intermediate between the Ca F2(A4X8) fluorite and Mn2O3(A4X6) bixbyite stoichiometries. The parameter of the cubic unit cell, comprised between 5.16 and 5.39 A, depends on the size of the lanthanide. Ln and W atoms occupy a same crystallographic position.

A study of ionic conductivity in lithium oxynitride aluminosilicate glasses shows an increase of electrical conductivity as the N/N + O) rationincreases. This effect is due to a reinforced covalency of the network former.

Different possibilities to substitute nitrogen for oxygen in the PO4 tetrahedron are illustrated.

In order to identify the structure of the surface of AIN, an infrared study was conducted. AIN powder was thermally treated either under vacuum or under controlled atmospheres using probe molecules at different temperatures. The surface presented OH and NH groups originating from the hydrolysis of Al—N bonds as well as Al3+ Lewis-acid sites (Al3+ ions in both tetrahedral and octahedral coordination). Some Al—H bonds were also present.