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Purpose Fastener technology is one of the key technologies of the ballastless track structure, and the spring strip is the key component to realize the fastener function. Based on the fatigue test of the WJ-7 type fastener of the ballastless track in China, it is concluded that the fatigue damage of an elastic strip is the main reason for the decline of service performance of the fastener. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fatigue life of the fastener. Design/methodology/approach First, a DH3818 static strain tester is used to measure the static strain signal in the elastic strip fatigue test, and then the fatigue limit of the WJ-7 elastic strip is calculated. Finally, the fatigue life of the fastener strip is estimated. Findings The findings of the paper are as follows: first, the lowest fatigue life with a survival rate of 99 percent should be taken as a reference for the service times of WJ-7; second, the fatigue life of the modified formula found to be short under the same stress amplitude. Originality/value The fatigue test is processed by the authors and the results of elastic strip are obtained based on the test. Meanwhile, the corresponding limit value of the fatigue stress amplitude is calculated based on the tested results.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor mainly occurred in children and adolescence, and chemotherapy is limited for the side effects and development of drug resistance. Advances in nanotechnology and knowledge of cancer biology have led to significant improvements in developing tumor-targeted drug delivery nanocarriers, and some have even entered clinically application. Delivery of chemotherapeutic agents by functionalized smart nanocarriers could protect the drugs from rapid clearance, prolong the circulating time, and increase the drug concentration at tumor sites, thus enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. Various drug delivery nanocarriers have been designed and tested for osteosarcoma treatment, but most of them are still at experimental stage, and more further studies are needed before clinical application. In this present review, we briefly describe the types of commonly used nanocarriers in osteosarcoma treatment, and discuss the strategies for osteosarcoma-targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs. The application of nanoparticles in the management of metastatic osteosarcoma is also briefly discussed. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of recent progress of nanoscale drug delivery platforms in osteosarcoma, and inspire new ideas to develop more effective therapeutic options.

Hu JC, Wang Q, Jiang LX, et al. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:6259–6269. The Editor and Publisher of OncoTargets and Therapy wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised regarding the alleged duplication of images in Figure 3 and Figure 5. The authors responded to our queries but were unable to provide an explanation for the alleged image duplication and were unable to verify their original data and have therefore agreed to retract the article. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”. This retraction relates to this paper

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of ships' ballast water detection, the separation of microalgae according to size is significant. In this paper, a method to separate microalgae based on inertia-enhanced pinched flow fractionation (iPFF) was reported. The method utilized the inertial lift force induced by flow to separate microalgae according to size continuously. The experimental results show that, as the Reynolds number increases, the separation effect becomes better at first, but then stays unchanged. The best separation effect can be obtained when the Reynolds number is 12.3. In addition, with the increase of the flow rate ratio between sheath fluid and microalgae mixture, the separation effect becomes better and the best separation effect can be obtained when the flow rate ratio reaches 10. In this case, the recovery rate of Tetraselmis sp. is about 90%, and the purity is about 86%; the recovery rate of Chlorella sp. is as high as 99%, and the purity is about 99%. After that, the separation effect keeps getting better but very slowly. In general, this study provides a simple method for the separation of microalgae with different size, and lays a foundation for the accurate detection of microalgae in the ballast water. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, and functions as an inhibitor of muscle growth. Disrupting the inhibitory effect of MSTN on growth can provide an effective way to increase the muscle yield of livestock and poultry. The cysteine knot motif of TGF-β can stabilize the structure of MSTN protein and plays an important regulatory role in the biological function of MSTN. Accordingly, in this study, we used the CRISRP/Cas9 to edit the exon 3 of MSTN in the kidney cells of Liang Guang Small Spotted pig (LPKCs), in order to disrupt the cysteine knot motif of MSTN and remove the inhibitory effect of MSTN on its target genes.MSTN-edited LPKCs were obtained through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to generate cloned embryos, which were then transferred to surrogate sows to finally obtain eight MSTN-edited Liang Guang Small Spotted piglets. Among them, two survived to 10 days old. Genotyping revealed that these two piglets were gene edited heterozygotes with base deletion and substitution occurred within the coding sequence of C106 and C108 at the cystine knot motif of MSTN. These changes resulted in frameshift mutations, and conversion of C106 and C108 to other amino acids. More developments of muscles were observed at the shoulders and hips of the heterozygotes of MSTN-edited Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs. HE analysis showed that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of myofiber inMSTN-edited pigs was significantly decreased, and the number of myofiber were significantly increased. Western blot analysis showed that the disruption of C106 and C108 did not affect the expression of MSTN protein, but significantly up-regulated the expression of its target genes such as Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin and other myogenic regulatory factors. In summary, the gene-edited pig model obtained in this study did not cause complete loss of MSTN expression, and could retain other biological functions of MSTN, thereby promoting muscle growth while minimizing the potential adverse effects on complete loss of MSTN in the Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs.肌生长抑制素(myostatin, MSTN)是转化生长因子β (transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β)家族成员之一,是一种肌肉生长抑制因子。解除MSTN的生长抑制功能是提高畜禽肌肉产量的一种有效途径。TGF-β的半胱氨酸节结构基元(cystine knot motif) 能够稳定MSTN蛋白结构,对MSTN生物学功能的发挥具有重要调控作用。本研究应用CRISRP/Cas9基因编辑技术在两广小花猪肾细胞(Liang Guang small spotted pig kidney cells, LPKCs)中对MSTN基因外显子3进行编辑,破坏了其半胱氨酸节基元,以解除MSTN对靶基因的抑制功能。将流式分选获得的混合阳性MSTN编辑LPKCs作为供体细胞进行核移植和胚胎移植,获得8头MSTN基因编辑两广小花猪仔猪,其中2头存活至10日龄,经鉴定这2头均为基因编辑杂合子,它们在构成MSNT蛋白半胱氨酸节基元的两个半胱氨残基C106和C108编码序列附近分别发生碱基的缺失与替换,导致移码突变,使C106和C108突变为其他氨基酸。MSTN基因编辑两广小花猪杂合子肩部和臀部肌肉较为发达。HE切片分析显示,MSTN基因编辑猪肌纤维横截面积显著减少,肌纤维数量显著增多。Western Blot分析结果显示,C106和C108缺失对MSTN蛋白表达无显著性影响,但显著促进其靶基因Myf5、MyoD和Myogenin等成肌相关因子的表达。本研究获得的基因编辑猪模型没有造成MSTN表达完全缺失,可保留MSTN其他生物学功能,在促进两广小花猪肌肉生长的同时还消除了MSTN完全缺失可能对小花猪造成的潜在影响。.

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.

Background and Objective Loxoprofen (LOX) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Although oral administration of LOX has been widely prescribed, clinical guidelines for osteoarthritis generally recommend topical rather than oral NSAIDs in specific patients. However, there is limited information on the effects of loxoprofen sodium oral (LOX-O) versus loxoprofen sodium hydrogel transdermal patch (LOX-T) in myalgia patients. Hence, this non-inferiority study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of LOX-O versus LOX-T in Chinese patients with myalgia. Methods In this double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 182 Chinese patients were enrolled and randomized equally to either LOX-T or LOX-O treatment for 2 weeks. Patients in the LOX-T group applied one sheet of the active LOX-T once a day on the affected site and took one placebo tablet three times a day immediately after meals, whereas patients in the LOX-O group applied one sheet of the placebo patch once a day and took one active LOX-O three times a day. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with 50% overall improvement or higher at the final visit. The cutoff value of a non-inferiority difference was set as − 10%. Results In the full analysis set, the primary endpoint of final efficacy rate was 81.3% (n = 91) in the LOX-T group and 72.2% (n = 88) in the LOX-O group. The difference between the two groups was 9.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) − 3.1 to 21.3%], which showed that LOX-T was non-inferior compared with LOX-O. No serious adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusions This trial showed the non-inferiority of LOX-T compared with LOX-O in efficacy and safety in Chinese patients with myalgia. Also, the characteristic features of topical LOX-T, such as better compliance and lower risk-benefit ratio, make it more favorable for clinical practice. Trial Registration The study was registered in the isrctn.com registry (ISRCTN trial ID: ISRCTN16227145).