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In the recent decade, the rotational Doppler effect has garnered considerable attention for stimulating the development of applications such as rotational Doppler velocity and topological charge measurements. Previous studies performed measurements under sources with one or multiple amplitude, phase, and polarization modulations. However, the applicability of these schemes is limited by the crucial factor of alignment between the source and object, especially if the magnitude of the source is greater than the object size. Therefore, this study proposes a partially coherent angular velocity measurement model that allows the rotational axes of targets to deviate from the source center and is even less susceptible to external jitters. Accordingly, a proof‐of‐principle experiment to determine the angular velocity under arbitrary alignment conditions is conducted. Tracing the rotational motion by rotating the coherent structure of the source results in a frequency shift—red shift for the same rotation and blue shift for a reverse rotation. The angular velocity vectors (both magnitude and direction) of two anisotropic sub‐Rayleigh objects are successfully measured with ultrahigh precision. The lowest angular velocity is 0.001 r s−1. The average relative error is less than 0.05% with sufficient sampling. Thus, the present findings can be applied to velocity metrology and micromanipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquiring topological charge in real-time for vortex beams encounters numerous challenges due to the turbulent atmosphere and coherence degradation. We propose an experimental scheme employing the strong detail extraction capability of deep neural networks to recognize the topological charge of partially coherent vortex beams propagating through the turbulent atmosphere and encountering unknown obstacles. Notably, coherence modulation has demonstrated advantages in deep neural network-based recognition. By comparing with high-coherence vortex beams, the deep neural network accurately recognizes topological charges for low-coherence vortex beams using only half of the available dataset. Furthermore, when the turbulent atmosphere and obstacles were considered, the accuracy of low-coherence vortex beams surpassed that of high-coherence vortex beams with equal amounts of training data. Additionally, the encrypted optical communication using partially coherent vortex beams was demonstrated. The coherence parameter significantly enhanced the channel capacity. This study holds potential for applications in free-space optical communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: We aimed to explore the relationship between diabetes status and bone mineral density (BMD) among adults with pre-diabetes and diabetes. Methods: We collected and analyzed five cycles (2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018) data from NHANES. We removed the individuals containing missing values. The linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between diabetes status and bone mineral density. Finally, we performed subgroup analyzes by age, sex and race to find special populations. Result: Finally, 9661 participants with complete data were involved in the study. 944 were diagnosed with pre-diabetes, and 2043 were with diabetes. We found that bone mineral density in the hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine showed an upward trend in both prediabetic and diabetic patients in the three linear regression models. Further, after subgroup analysis, we found that this trend was more prominent in whites race, women, and those over 50 years old. Conclusion: Using NHANES data from 2005 to 2018, we found that patients with abnormal glucose metabolism had increased bone mineral density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of Nb content on the thermal stability, microstructural evolution and soft-magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe 83 − x Si 4 B 10 P 2 Cu 1 Nb x alloys were systematically investigated. Appropriate Nb addition was found to be effective both in prolonging operative annealing time and annealing temperature range and in improving magnetic softness by tuning the size and distribution of nano-sized α-Fe inclusions. The effective annealing time of 30 min over temperature range of 723–793 K, in combination with desirable soft-magnetic properties including high saturation magnetic flux density ( B s ) of 1.73 T, low coercivity ( H c ) of 4.5A/m and high effective permeability ( μ e ) of 23,000 at 1 kHz, entitles Nb-containing Fe 82 Si 4 B 10 P 2 Cu 1 Nb 1 nanocrystalline alloy a truly industrial advantage in energy-economic efficiency and great potentials in electromagnetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: By expanding the hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, an approximate analytical expression for the two-dimensional Airy beam passing through an apertured and misaligned paraxial ABCD optical system has been derived. Based on the derived formula, the propagation properties of Airy beam through the misaligned optical system with hard aperture are illustrated numerically. From the numerical results we find that the center of the output beam is deviated from the optical axis and the position of the output beam is affected by the misaligned parameters, and can be controlled by adjusting them. Our results provide an effective and fast way for studying the paraxial propagation of Airy beam through apertured and misaligned paraxial ABCD optical systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Measuring the complete complex correlation matrix of a partially coherent vector beam is extremely important for transmission calculation, encryption, and decryption for free-space optical communication and optical imaging. Based on self-referencing holography, we introduce a simple and efficient setup to measure the complex-valued cross spectral density matrix of a partially coherent vector beam, without any priori assumptions or approximations of the source. To verify the feasibility of our method, 2 × 2 complex-valued cross spectral density components in the matrix function of particularly correlated radially polarized partially coherence beam have been measured. The experimental measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: C5 nerve root paralysis is a nonnegligible complication after posterior cervical spine surgery (PCSS). The cause of its occurrence remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyse the incidence of and risk factors for C5 nerve root paralysis after posterior cervical decompression.Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 640 patients who underwent PCSS in the Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from September 2013 to September 2019. According to the status of C5 nerve root paralysis after surgery, all patients were divided into paralysis and normal groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors for C5 nerve root paralysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to demonstrate the discrimination of all independent risk factors.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex, preoperative cervical spine curvature, posterior longitudinal ligament ossification, and preoperative C4/5 spinal cord hyperintensity were independent risk factors for paralysis, whereas the width of the intervertebral foramina was an independent protective factor for paralysis. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the T2 signal change at C4-C5, sex, cervical foramina width, curvature and posterior longitudinal ligament ossification were 0.706, 0.633, 0.617, 0.637, and 0.569, respectively.Conclusions: Male patients with C4-C5 intervertebral foramina stenosis, preoperative C4-C5 spinal cord T2 high signal, combined with OPLL, and higher preoperative cervical spine curvature are more likely to develop C5 nerve root paralysis after surgery. Among the above five risk factors, T2 hyperintensity change in C4-C5 exhibits the highest correlation with C5 paralysis and strong diagnostic power. It seems necessary to inform patients who have had cervical spine T2 hyperintensity before surgery of C5 nerve root paralysis after surgery, especially those with altered spinal cord T2 signals in the C4-C5 segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heat-treatment processing windows of high- B s nanocrystalline alloys are greatly enlarged. • Nb and Ta are identified for the best dopants for Fe 83- x Si 4 B 10 P 2 Cu 1 M x nanocrystalline alloys. • The order of the alloying effect on the optimal heat-treatment conditions is: Ta˭Nb>Mo˭W>V>Cr. • 1 at% minor additions of Nb and Ta can lead to industry accepted processing windows of 70 K and 60 min • Attractive magnetic properties were obtained: high B s ≥ 1.73 T, low H c ≤ 8.4 A/m and high μ e ≥ 21 × 103. The crystallization behavior, heat-treatment condition dependences of soft-magnetic properties and microstructural evolution in Fe 83- x Si 4 B 10 P 2 Cu 1 M x (M = V, Cr, Nb, Mo, Ta and W; x = 0–2 at%) nanocrystalline alloys were systematically investigated. We found that these transition metals can enlarge the heat-treatment processing window and effectively improve the soft-magnetic properties. According to the results of comparative studies, Ta and Nb are the optimal elements in stabilizing and refining the nanocrystalline microstructure. The order of the alloying effect on the optimal heat-treatment conditions is: Ta=Nb>Mo=W>V>Cr, which can be correlated to the negative mixing enthalpy and atomic size difference between transition element and other component elements. The minor Nb and Ta doped alloys (1 at%) can be annealed in a large window with a temperature range of 70 K and a time range of 60 min, which are readily accepted for the industry. Superior soft-magnetic properties containing high B s of 1.73 T, H c of 8.4 A/m and μ e of 21 × 103 were obtained in the sample annealed at 743 K in 60 min. These high-performance alloys should be promising candidates for the mass production and the effects of transition metal alloying can be good references for the future development of high B s alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brain is one of the common metastatic sites of lung adenocarcinoma, and the prognosis associated with brain metastasis is not good. We performed a large data analyses to determine the prognostic factors of lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastases (LABM) and to develop a nomogram to predict its prognosis. We conducted a retrospective study of 2879 patients with LABM from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. An X-tile analysis provided the optimal age cutoff point. We used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to determine the independent prognostic factors of LABM. Finally, we established and validated a nomogram to predict the prognosis of LABM. A total of 2879 patients with brain metastases were included in this study. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, race, sex, T stage, N stage, surgery, chemotherapy, bone metastasis, liver metastasis, and marital status were independent prognostic factors. We constructed a nomogram to predict the prognosis of LABM with the RMS package. Through calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analyses, we found that the nomogram, which predicted the prognosis of LABM, performed well internally. The nomogram is expected to be a precise and personalized tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with LABM. This nomogram will help clinicians develop more rational and effective treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant bone tumor originating in the interstitial tissues and occurring mostly in adolescents and young adults. Energy metabolism is a prerequisite for cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, the gene signatures associated with energy metabolism and their underlying molecular mechanisms that drive them are unknown. Methods: Energy metabolism-related genes were obtained from the TARGET database. We applied the "NFM" algorithm to classify putative signature gene into subtypes based on energy metabolism. Key genes related to progression were identified by weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox proportional regression hazards model analyses, a gene signature for the predication of OS progression and prognosis was established. Robustness and estimation evaluations and comparison against other models were used to evaluate the prognostic performance of our model. Results: Two subtypes associated with energy metabolism was determined using the "NFM" algorithm, and significant modules related to energy metabolism were identified by WGCNA. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) suggested that the genes in the significant modules were enriched in kinase, immune metabolism processes, and metabolism-related pathways. We constructed a seven-gene signature consisting of SLC18B1, RBMXL1, DOK3, HS3ST2, ATP6V0D1, CCAR1, and C1QTNF1 to be used for OS progression and prognosis. Upregulation of CCAR1, and C1QTNF1 was associated with augmented OS risk, whereas, increases in the expression SCL18B1, RBMXL1, DOK3, HS3ST2, and ATP6VOD1 was correlated with a diminished risk of OS. We confirmed that the seven-gene signature was robust, and was superior to the earlier models evaluated; therefore, it may be used for timely OS diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Conclusions: The seven-gene signature related to OS energy metabolism developed here could be used in the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic cervical decompression (PECD) is an ideal minimally invasive decompression technique for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). However, the mainstream is the resection of dorsal bone and removal of free nucleus pulposus. The necessity of excision of ventral osteophytes and hyperplastic ligaments in the treatment of CSR caused by cervical foraminal and/or lateral spinal stenosis (CFa/oLSS) to be discussed.Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 46 patients with CSR caused by CFa/oLSS from January 2017 to November 2018. These patients received posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical decompression-ventral bony decompression (PPECD-VBD)(23 cases, classified as VBD group) or posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical decompression-simple dorsal decompression (PPECD-SDD)(23 cases, classified as SDD group). Following surgery, we recorded Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disable Index (NDI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Scores and myodynamia. We further evaluated the changes of cervical curvature and cervical spine motion in the VBD group and recorded the operation time and complications during the follow-up of each patient.Results: All patients underwent successful operations, with an average follow-up time of 16.53 ± 9.90 months. The excellent and good rates in the VBD and SDD groups were 91.29 and 60.87%, respectively. In the SDD group, neck-VAS, arm-VAS, and NDI scores were significantly higher than those of the VBD group at 1 day, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05), while the JOA scores and improvement rate of JOA were significantly lower than those of the VBD group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of angular displacement (AD), horizontal displacement (HD), segmental angle (SA) and cervical curvature (CA) before and after the operation in the VBD group (P > 0.05).Conclusion: PPECD-VBD was significantly better than PPECD-SDD as well as PPECD-VBD had no significant effects on cervical spine stability or cervical curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban building layout has an important influence on the formation of shadows on building façades, and photovoltaic (PV) power generation performance is greatly affected by shadows. However, there is limited research on detailed modeling of the power generation of photovoltaic systems on facades with different building layouts. In this paper, according to different urban building layouts, an annual dynamic shadow model of the building and a mathematical model of PV array power generation were established and validated. Then the model was used to calculate the annual power generation hour by hour, optimize the PV array topology, and analyze the shadow shading ratio and PV power generation performance of different building layouts. The results show that 95 % of the best topologies of all partially shaded façades in the four layouts are Total-Cross-Tied (Vertical and Horizontal); the highest annual shading ratio is layout 4 with a value of 60.161 %, the largest annual power generation is layout 3, but layout 4 has the highest broad generation efficiency, with layouts 1, 2, and 3 lower than it by 4.29 %, 0.20 %, and 0.11 %, respectively. This paper provides new ideas for the early design of building layouts and the performance research of PV systems. • Yearly dynamic shadow and detailed PV models developed for urban layouts. • Optimized PV topologies under year-round dynamic shading. • 95 % optimal topologies are Total-Cross-Tied (Vertical and Horizontal). • Compared annual PV output and broad efficiency across building layouts. • Layout 4 excels in broad generation efficiency, leading by 4.29 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Longitudinal magnetic field annealing improves soft magnetic properties. • Super high Fe content amorphous alloys can exhibit superb softness. • A minimum H c of 0.8 A/m and a maximum μ e of 11 × 103 were obtained. • Optimally annealed ribbon exhibits lowest H c and stripe magnetic domains. Abstract The effects of longitudinal magnetic field annealing on soft-magnetic properties (SMPs) and magnetic domain structure of Fe (82.6-85.7) Si (2-4.9) B (9.2-11.2) P (1.5-2.7) C 0.8 amorphous alloys with a distinctly high Fe content of 93.5–95.5 wt% for high B s were investigated. It was found that longitudinal magnetic field annealing could improve soft-magnetic properties (SMPs) of amorphous alloys effectively, except the one with poor thermal stability. Superb magnetic properties containing a minimum coercivity of 0.8 A/m, a maximum effective permeability of 11 × 103 at 1 kHz and minimum core loss of 0.052 W/kg (at B m = 0.9 T and f = 50 Hz) were successfully obtained. Domain structures were characterized with a Magneto-optical Kerr Microscope to unveil the mechanism of SMPs improvement. Stripe domains were observed in the annealed high Fe content amorphous alloy ribbons with optimal soft magnetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two types of adaptive building envelopes, namely, AVSRW and ASRW, were proposed. • Numerical model of AVSRW was verified by a full-scale experiment on summer and winter days. • The energy performances of AVSRW under the influence of three factors were simulated. • A global optimization was conducted to determine the best performance of AVSRW in four cities. • The optimal design schemes and energy saving rates of AVSRW and ASRW were obtained. Developing an adaptive building envelope (ABE) to cope with drastic changes in the ambient environment contributes to achieving the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050 in the building industry. In this study, two types of ABE, namely, adaptive ventilation and sunlight regulation wall (AVSRW) and adaptive sunlight regulation wall (ASRW), were designed by combining variable transparency shape-stabilized PCM (VTSS-PCM) and reflective film, and the AVSRW had an air cavity to control the heat storage and release of VTSS-PCM. The numerical models of the two ABEs and the massive wall (MW) were developed and validated by a full-scale experimental test. Based on these validated numerical models and weather datasets in four climate zones of China, the energy performances of AVSRW were simulated under the influence of melting temperature (T m) of VTSS-PCM, thickness (L) of VTSS-PCM, and reflectivity (R) of reflective film. Then, a bi-objective global optimization was conducted to find the optimal performance and design parameters of AVSRW. Finally, the AVSRW and the ASRW with the optimal design parameters were compared with and the MW. The parameters analysis revealed that the combined action of T m , L , and R on AVSRW determined the trade-off among the heat conducted to the interior, the solar energy stored by VTSS-PCM, and the solar energy reflected by the reflective film. The optimization results showed that, in the climate conditions of Beijing, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Harbin, the optimal values of T m were 24.02 ℃, 24.37 ℃, 25.86 ℃, and 23.43 ℃, respectively; the optimal values of L were 0.16 m, 0.16 m, 0.09 m, and 0.16 m, respectively; the optimal values of R were 0.23, 0.29, 0.79, and 0.33, respectively. Under the optimal values of T m , L , and R , compared with MW, the annual ESRs of AVSRW and ASRW were 84.26 % and 38.71 % in Beijing, 81.98 % and 39.45 % in Shanghai, 70.28 % and 55.53 % in Guangzhou, 76.20 % and 29.54 % in Harbin. This study provides the basis for the design and optimization of AVSRW and ASRW in different climate regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of renewable energy and storage systems in energy sharing communities relieves the strain on the grid and reduces the cost of electricity, making the design of community energy management strategies particularly important. In this paper, a shared energy storage operation strategy considering the time-of-use tariff is proposed for the grid-connected PV-BESS system of hybrid building community including factories, offices and dormitories. Aiming at maximizing the photovoltaic self-consumption ratio, minimizing the payback period and power transportation loss, the system is optimized by non-dominated sequencing genetic algorithm II to obtain the optimal battery capacity of each building under the designed strategy. The results show that when the total battery capacity of the community is determined, the photovoltaic power generation of each building and the building load are the main factors that affect the allocation of battery capacity, and the proportion of battery allocation in each building changes little when the values of other influencing parameters are changed. The photovoltaic array area of the building, the difference between peak and valley electricity price and the power input and output limits of the grid are the main factors affecting the optimal battery capacity and system performance. When the photovoltaic array area increases from 65% to 80%, the difference between peak and valley price increases from 0.52RMB/kWh to 0.82RMB/kWh, and the grid power output limit increases from 7500 kW to 9000 kW, the total optimal battery capacity is increased by 9.8%, 20%, 2.2%, the corresponding payback period is increased by 4%, 3.1%, 2%, the photovoltaic self-consumption ratio is increased by 3.3%, 1.9%, 0.2%, and the electricity transportation loss is increased by 6%, 21%, 2.4%, respectively. On the contrary, when the grid power input limit increases from 5500 kW to 7000 kW, the optimal total battery capacity, the corresponding payback period, photovoltaic self-consumption ratio, and power transport loss are reduced by 2.8%, 2.5%, 0.3% and 3.3%, respectively. This study provides theoretical guidance for community battery capacity optimization and energy scheduling design under the peak-valley policy of power grid. • A shared energy storage operation strategy considering the TOU tariff is established. • Considering economy, technology and environmental protection, multi-objective optimization of the system is carried out. • A mixed community model is established to analyze the factors affecting the allocation of battery capacity. • The influence of four important factors on the optimal battery capacity and system performance is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) exhibit attractive properties, yet their thermal stability and glass formability (GFA) are always lower than the other thermoplastic shaping (TPS) alloys. Here, we developed a new Cr-doped Fe 65 B 22.8 Nb 3.7 Y 4.5 Cr 4 alloy with a super-wide supercooled liquid region (SCLR) (Δ T x =112 K) and high GFA (≥ 3 mm) with industrial materials. Glassy rods can maintain the glassy structure after annealing and hot pressing at 923 K, and exhibit a high fracture strength of > 3000 MPa and hardness of > 900 H v in annealed states. The BMG rods can be conveniently TPS in the SCLR with low compressive stress of < 250 MPa. It is found that the additional glass-to-glass transition (GGT) in the SCLR effectively improves the GFA and thermal stability, by complicating and postponing the transition and crystallization process. The introduction of GGT offers a new strategy to develop high-performance BMGs for precision TPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serrated flow is an essential characteristic of the plastic deformation of metallic glasses. Under restricted loading conditions, the formation and expansion of shear bands act as the serrated flow of stress-strain curves in metallic glasses. In this work, serrated flows in Fe 50 Ni 30 P 13 C 7 glassy samples with different plasticity were studied. The distribution histogram shows a monotonically decreasing trend during the initial deformation stage (i.e., the plastic deformation in the range of 0–8%), whereas in the following deformation stage (i.e., a plastic deformation of 8–14%), the stress drop frequency distribution presents both a monotonically decreasing distribution and a peak shape similar to chaotic dynamics. It is shown that the spatial evolution behavior of shear bands in Fe 50 Ni 30 P 13 C 7 metallic glasses evolved from self-organized critical to chaotic dynamics in the form of serrated flow, which reveals the origin of discrete plasticity of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses. This study has potential applications for understanding the plastic deformation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operating temperature dependence of dynamic magnetic characteristics of the annealed Fe 78 Si 13 B 9 amorphous alloy core was systematically investigated. The core loss, magnetic induction intensity and complex permeability of the amorphous core were analyzed by means of AC B – H loop tracer and impedance analyzer. It is found that the operating temperature below 403 K has little impact on core loss when the induction ( B ) is less than 1.25 T. As B becomes higher, core loss measured at high temperature becomes higher. For the cores measured at power frequency, the B at 80 A/m and the coercivity ( H c ) at 1 T decline slightly as the temperature goes up. Furthermore, the real part of permeability ( μ′ ) increases with the rise of temperature. The imaginary part of permeability ( μ″ ) maxima shifts to lower frequency side with increasing temperature, indicating the magnetic relaxation behavior in the sample. In addition, with the rise in the operating temperature of the annealed amorphous core, the relaxation time tends to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derived analytical formulae of anomalous hollow beams (AHBs) passing through the turbulent biological tissues based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral formula. With the help of these formulae, we investigate the propagation properties of AHBs in turbulent biological tissues, the irradiance and spreading properties of AHBs in turbulent biological tissues are studied numerically. It is found that the circular and elliptical AHBs eventually become Gaussian beams in the far field and the central irradiance of the AHB rises more rapidly as the value of C n 2 grows. We also calculate the formulae of the effective beam size of AHB and find that finally W xz becomes equal to W yz in turbulent biological tissues which can be used to explain the beam spot eventually becomes circular under the influence of turbulence of biological tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (Co0.5Fe0.5)62Nb6M2B30 (M=Er, Tb, Y or Dy) bulk metallic glasses with a large supercooled liquid region up to 130K are reported. Their high processing ability was demonstrated by simple microreplication experiments. In addition, this bulk metallic glass system exhibits a high fracture strength of up to 4750MPa and a Vickers hardness of up to 1258, together with good soft-magnetic properties. Combining good mechanical properties with high thermoplastic forming ability, these bulk metallic glasses have potential for use in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembrane was fabricated and implanted into the rat complete transected model of SCI with electrical stimulation. This combined treatment promotes the nerve regeneration and functional recovery through improving the endogenous NSCs differentiate into neurons and axon regeneration. reducing glial formation and inflammatory cells in the lesion site. [Display omitted] • Gold nanoparticles were immobilized on the PLGA membrane via PDA to create a novel three-layer nanomembrane structure. • AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembrane showed favorable hydrophilicity and conductivity with suitable protein adsorption and antioxidant capacity. • Electrical stimulation further improved the neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation on the AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembrane, significantly increased the axon regeneration and growth. • The combination of AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembrane and electrical stimulation showed excellent biological properties and can significantly promote spinal cord injury recovery. Electroconductive biomaterials combined with bioelectrical stimulation as a treatment for nerve injury has attracted extensive attention in recent years. This study investigated the effect of AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembrane combined with electrical stimulation (ES) on promoting functional recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, an AuNPs@PDA-PLGA was prepared and its characterization and biological properties were determined by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembranes combined with ES on NSCs were evaluated in vitro. Finally, BBB score and immunohistochemical staining were used to confirm the therapeutic effect of AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembrane combined with ES on recovery of SCI. The results showed that AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembrane had good property for NSCs growth. Nanomembrane combined with ES could effectively promote the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. Animal experiments results showed that the combination of AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembrane and ES could promote the regeneration of new neurons and the formation of neuronal synapses, thus decrease cavity area, which all contribute to the functional recovery of spinal cord injury. Our results suggest that AuNPs@PDA-PLGA nanomembrane combined with ES can effectively promote functional recovery of SCI and provide a promising therapeutic option for SCI treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of beams provides an additional degree of freedom and has been applied in various scientific and technological fields. Accurate and quantitative measurement of intensity distributions across different OAM modes, referred to as the OAM spectrum of a beam, is crucial. Here, we propose a straightforward and efficient experimental setup for measuring the OAM spectrum of a randomly fluctuating beam. By employing a modal decomposition analyzer, a randomly fluctuating light field can be decomposed into an incoherent superposition of a series of modes, followed by a coordinate transformation to calculate the OAM spectrum. This method is suitable for measuring the OAM spectrum of partially coherent beams and superposition of vortex beams. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Precise measurement of the OAM spectrum is critical for various applications in optical communications, quantum optics, and digital imaging.

The critical-sized bone defect resulting from trauma, tumor resection, and congenital deformity fails to undergo spontaneous healing due to its substantial size, while the ensuing inflammatory process and hypoxic environment further impede the regenerative process. Therefore, it has consistently presented a significant clinical challenge. In the present study, we incorporate a glycyrrhizic acid (GA)-functionalized hydrogel onto the surface of a Hydroxyapatite (Hap)-modified Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold to fabricate a composite scaffold. The composed scaffold showed favorable anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capabilities by modulating macrophage polarization and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS); the modification of Hap enhanced its osteogenic ability. An in vivo rat skull defect model confirmed that the composed scaffold efficiently promotes bone regeneration. In general, the composed scaffold with the ability of osteoimmune microenvironment regulation can effectively repair critical-sized bone defects. This strategy provides a promising method for the reconstruction of large segmental bone defects.

The utilization of fractional-order vortex beams extends the diversity of optical field manipulation, permits for more flexible control over beam propagation, and provides novel applications in optical communications, edge enhancement imaging, and particle manipulation. However, compared with the integer-order vortex beams, the topological charge measurement techniques for fractional-order vortex beams are not well developed, impeding the further exploration of its applications. In this paper, the frequency signal of rotational Doppler effect and corresponding broadening behavior under the fractional-order vortex beam illumination were analyzed. When the fractional topological charge approaches a half integer, the broadening is minimized. Leveraging this relationship, we designed a phase-compensated scheme coupled with signal-to-noise ratio detection to realize the real-time fractional topological charge measurement. The single pixel photodetector was used and eliminated the need for two-dimensional image acquisition and analysis, ensuring efficient acquisition and quantitative analysis. Both theoretical and experimental results confirm the feasibility of this method, thereby advancing the comprehension of the optical Doppler effect and potentially paving the way for future investigations into fractional vortex beams.

The complex external environment, such as obstruction and turbulence, poses significant limitations on the applications of rotational Doppler detection. The active manipulation of randomly fluctuated light has been proven effective in mitigating external environmental perturbations. Here, as an example, a partially coherent source with petal-like focal (or far) field distribution is constructed specifically for detecting rotational Doppler frequency shifts. The experiment involved conducting rotational Doppler detection under obstruction or turbulence conditions, and the results are compared with the fully coherent counterpart. The results demonstrate that the use of a partially coherent source can address the frequency-shift broadening problem due to the obstruction-induced beam information loss and mitigate it due to the turbulence-induced beam misalignment. These advantages make the proposed approach applicable to velocity metrology in complex environments.

Background: The impact of surgical resection of primary (PTR) on the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients with bone metastasis (BM) has been preliminarily investigated, but it remains unclear which patients are suitable for this procedure. Finally, this study aims to develop a predictive model to screen BC patients with BM who would benefit from local surgery., Methods: BC patients with BM were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010 and 2015), and 39 patients were obtained for external validation from an Asian medical center. According to the status of local surgery, patients were divided into Surgery and Non-surgery groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce selection bias. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival and Cox regression analyses were conducted before and after PSM to study the survival difference between the two groups. The survival outcome and treatment modality were also investigated in patients with different metastatic patterns. The logistic regression analyses were utilized to determine significant surgery-benefit-related predictors, develop a screening nomogram and its online version, and quantify the beneficial probability of local surgery for BC patients with BM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the curves (AUC), and calibration curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive performance and calibration of this model, whereas decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess its clinical usefulness., Results: This study included 5,625 eligible patients, of whom 2,133 (37.92%) received surgical resection of primary lesions. K-M survival analysis and Cox regression analysis demonstrated that local surgery was independently associated with better survival. Surgery provided significant survival benefits in most subgroups and metastatic patterns. After PSM, patients who received surgery had a longer survival time (OS: 46 months vs . 32 months, p < 0.001; CSS: 50 months vs . 34 months, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis determined six significant surgery-benefit-related variables: T stage, radiotherapy, race, liver metastasis, brain metastasis, and breast subtype. These factors were combined to establish the nomogram and a web probability calculator (https://sunshine1.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/), with an AUC of 0.673 in the training cohort and an AUC of 0.640 in the validation cohort. The calibration curves exhibited excellent agreement. DCA indicated that the nomogram was clinically useful. Based on this model, surgery patients were assigned into two subsets: estimated sur-non-benefit and estimated sur-benefit. Patients in the estimated sur-benefit subset were associated with longer survival (median OS: 64 months vs . 33 months, P < 0.001). Besides, there was no difference in survival between the estimated sur-non-benefit subset and the non-surgery group., Conclusion: Our study further confirmed the significance of local surgery in BC patients with BM and proposed a novel tool to identify optimal surgical candidates., Competing Interests: The authors declare no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Tong, Xu, Jiang, Zhao and Zhao.)

The intensity distributions and statistics of partially coherent light fields with random fluctuations have proven to be more robust than for coherent light. However, its full potential in practical applications has not been realized due to the lack of four-dimensional optical field measurement. Here, a general incoherent modal decomposition method of partially coherent light field is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The decomposed random modes can be used to, but not limited to, reconstruct average intensity, cross-spectral density, and orthogonal decomposition properties of the partially coherent light fields. The versatility and flexibility of this method allows it to reveal the invariance of light fields and to retrieve embedded information after propagation through complex media. The Gaussian-shell-model beam and partially coherent Gaussian array are used as examples to demonstrate the reconstruction and even prediction of second-order statistics. This method is expected to pave the way for applications of partially coherent light in optical imaging, optical encryption, and antiturbulence optical communication., (© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.)

For a partially coherent Bessel-Gaussian (PCBG) vortex beam, information regarding the topological charge (TC) is hidden in the phase of the cross-spectral density (CSD) function. We theoretically and experimentally confirmed that during free-space propagation, the number of coherence singularities is equal to the magnitude of the TC. In contrast to the Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beam, this quantitative relationship only holds for the case with an off-axis reference point for the PCBG vortex beam. The phase winding direction is determined by the sign of the TC. We developed a scheme for CSD phase measurement of PCBG vortex beams and verified the aforementioned quantitative relationship at different propagation distances and coherence widths. The findings of this study may be useful for optical communications.

We report on a partially coherent radially polarized power-exponent-phase vortex (PC-RP-PEPV) beam with various distributions of intensity, controllable coherence width, vortex phase, and polarization. The statistical properties of the PC-RP-PEPV beam depend on topological charge, power order, polarization states, and coherence width, which differ from those of conventional radially polarized beams. Here, the initial radial polarization state will transform to complex ellipse polarization state during propagation. By modulating the topological charge of the PC-RP-PEPV beam, the intensity structure of the beam can be adjusted from circular to polygonal. Finally, PC-RP-PEPV beams were experimentally generated, and were consistent with numerical simulation results. This work has applications in optical manipulation, optical measurements, and optical information processing.

As an indispensable complement to an integer vortex beam, the fractional vortex beam has unique physical properties such as radially notched intensity distribution, complex phase structure consisting of alternating charge vortex chains, and more sophisticated orbital angular momentum modulation dimension. In recent years, we have noticed that the fractional vortex beam was widely used for complex micro-particle manipulation in optical tweezers, improving communication capacity, controllable edge enhancement of image and quantum entanglement. Moreover, this has stimulated extensive research interest, including the deep digging of the phenomenon and physics based on different advanced beam sources and has led to a new research boom in micro/nano-optical devices. Here, we review the recent advances leading to theoretical models, propagation, generation, measurement, and applications of fractional vortex beams and consider the possible directions and challenges in the future., (© 2021 Hao Zhang et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.)

Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common urogenital malignant tumor. Bone metastasis (BM) is not common in BC patients, and there are only few studies on it. However, it was found in a clinical study that BM was related to the occurrence of bone complications and the decrease in survival rate. Early diagnosis of BC with BM is important for timely intervention and prevention of pathological fracture, which is of great significance for improving the quality of life of BC patients. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of BM and establish a predictive nomogram for the early diagnosis of BM in BC.The medical records of the newly diagnosed BC patients were extracted from the database of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) during 2010 to 2016. The risk factors of BC with BM were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Then a nomogram was established to predict the risk of BC with BM.This study included 35,506 patients identified in the SEER database as diagnosed with BC, 796 of whom had BM. Grade, T stage, N stage, liver metastasis, race, brain metastasis, lung metastasis, histologic type, primary site, and age were risk predictors of BC with BM. Using Harrell's concordance index, calibration curve, and decision curve analyses, we found that the nomogram for predicting the risk of BC metastasis performed well internally.The nomogram developed in this study is expected to become an accurate and personalized tool for predicting risks of BC with BM in patients. It may be of great significance for clinicians to formulate more reasonable and effective treatment strategies. As the first study, we established a predictive nomogram for BC with BM based on the retrospective analysis of data of BC patients from the SEER database.

Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often have a poor prognosis when brain metastases (BM) occur. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors of BM in newly diagnosed NSCLC patients and construct a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS).We included NSCLC patients with BM newly diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The independent prognostic factors for NSCLC with BM were determined by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. We then constructed and validated a nomogram to predict the OS of NSCLC with BM.We finally included 4129 NSCLC patients with BM for analysis. Age, race, sex, liver metastasis, primary site, histologic type, grade, bone metastasis, T stage, N stage, surgery, chemotherapy, and lung metastasis were identified as the prognostic factors for NSCLC with BM and integrated to establish the nomogram. The calibration, receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analyses also showed that the clinical prediction model performed satisfactorily in predicting prognosis.A clinical prediction model was constructed and validated to predict individual OS for NSCLC with BM. The establishment of this clinical prediction model has great significance for clinicians and individuals.

Rationale: The most common fractures of the spine are associated with the thoracolumbar junction (T10-L2). And burst fractures make up 15% of all traumatic thoracolumbar fractures, which are often accompanied by neurological deficits and require open surgeries. Common surgeries include either anterior, posterior or a combination of these approaches. Here, we report the first attempt to treat thoracolumbar burst fracture (TLBF) with severe neurologic deficits by percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) and transforaminal endoscopic spinal canal decompression (TESCD)., Patient Concerns: A 46-year-old Chinese woman suffered from severe lower back pain with grade 0 muscle strength of lower limbs, without any sensory function below the injury level, with an inability to urinate or defecate after a motor vehicle accident. Imaging studies confirmed that she had Magerl type A 3.2 L1 burst fracture., Diagnoses: Burst fracture at L1., Interventions: The patient underwent PPSF at the level of T12 to L2, but her neurological function did not fully recover after the operation. One week after the injury, we performed TESCD on her., Outcomes: There was an immediate improvement in her neurological function in just 1 day after 2-stage operation. During the 6-month follow-up period, her neurological functions gradually recovered, and she was able to defecate and urinate. At the last follow-up visit, her spinal cord function was assessed to be at Frankel grade D., Lessons: PPSF plus TESCD can achieve complete spinal cord decompression, promote neurological recovery, and is therefore an effective method for the treating lumbar burst fractures with severe neurologic deficits.

Rationale: Lumbar burst fractures are frequent injury resulting from high-energy trauma, and the patients suffer from pain and the neurologic dysfunction. Although minimally invasive techniques have advanced rapidly, it was the first time to apply transforaminal endoscopic combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation to treatment of lumbar burst fractures., Patient Concerns: A 33-year-old man underwent Magerl type A3.1 burst fracture at L2 and compression fractures at L3 due to falling from a height with severe lower back pain, sensory loss, and atony of the right leg., Diagnoses: Burst fracture at L2, compression fractures at L3., Interventions: The patient was presented to 1-stage operation of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation at L1, L2, L3, and L4 instead of delayed posterior open surgery. At 1 week after injury, the 2-stage operation with a percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic was undertaken for decompression., Outcomes: No matter the function of nerve and imaging findings, all got ideal recoveries in just 3 days after 2-stage operation. At the 3-month follow-up, there was no loss of sagittal plane alignment, and spinal cord compression was completely relieved. The patient regained near-full neurologic function postoperatively., Lessons: A minimally invasive surgery (ie, transforaminal endoscopic combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation) for the treatment of Magerl type A3.1 burst fracture at lumbar was feasible. In addition, the key to the recovery of neurological function is the complete and effective decompression of spinal.

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method was developed and validated to quantify myrislignan in rat plasma using podophyllotoxin as an internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation of myrislignan and IS was performed on a 3.0 µm Hypersil C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm) with methanol and water containing 0.1% acetic acid (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. An electrospray ionization was used in the positive selective-ion monitoring mode for the target ions at m/z 397 and m/z 437 for the quantification of myrislignan and IS. The total run time was 3.6 min for each run. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.75-300 ng/mL (r> 0.995) with the lower limit of quantitation at 0.75 ng/mL. Intra- and interday precision was below 11.49%, and the mean accuracy ranged from -9.75 to 7.45%. The proposed method was successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of myrislignan after oral administration of the myrislignan monomer and Myristica fragrans extract in rats. Statistical analyses indicate that the pharmacokinetic properties of myrislignan in rats have significant differences between two groups., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)