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The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery is a rare type of congenital disease. It is even rarer when combined with complex congenital heart diseases requiring surgical intervention in the neonatal period. Because it has no clinical manifestations in the neonatal period, it is easier to miss diagnosis when combined with complex congenital heart disease. To avoid a missed diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery, preoperative echocardiography should routinely explore the orifice of the coronary artery. However, the preoperative examination can lead to missed diagnosis due to the influence of the examiner's experience, equipment, and other factors. After thoracotomy, exploring the orifice position of the left and right coronary arteries can avoid a missed diagnosis of the abnormal origin of coronary arteries. An exploration of the coronary artery is mainly recommended for children with complex congenital heart disease in the neonatal period and children with congenital heart disease combined with unexplained cardiac insufficiency and abnormal mitral valve development.

Abstract Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) caused by congenital heart disease (CHD) is very common in clinics. Some studies have shown that PAH is related to the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), but there is no report on the relationship between PAH and the number of EPCs in children with CHD. Methods In this study, a total of 173 cases with CHD (from 0 to 6 years old) were collected. According to the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) measured by right heart catheterization, these cases were divided into PAH groups (including high PAH group, mPAP> 25 mmHg, n = 32, and the middle PAH group, 20 mmHg ≤ mPAP≤25 mmHg, n = 30) and non-PAH group (mPAP 0.05). Conclusion The findings revealed that the EPCs and high PAH in patients with CHD correlate significantly and EPCs may become an effective treatment for PAH in patients with CHD. EPCs may be a protective factor of high PAH for children with CHD.

The Shapotou National Nature Reserve in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is a typical arid region in China. There is an exceptionally serious problem of surface water resource conservation, and dynamic monitoring of surface water with the help of water indices can help to elucidate its change patterns and impact mechanisms. Here, we analysed the characteristics of interannual variation in surface water area in the study area from 1992–2021. The correlation coefficients of the surface water area in the previous year and the contemporaneous water bodies of the Yellow River with the total surface water area (TSWA) were calculated. The results show the following: ① In terms of the classification accuracy of the two methods, water indices and support vector machine classification, water indices are more suitable for water body extraction in the study area. In particular, the three water indices, NDWI, MNDWI and AWEIsh, were more effective, with average overall accuracies of 90.38%, 90.33% and 90.36% over the 30-year period, respectively. ② From the TSWA extraction results from the last 30 years, the TSWA showed an increasing trend with an increase of 368.28 hm2. Among the areas, Tenggeli Lake contributed the most to the increase in TSWA. ③ The highest correlation between the TSWA and the previous year’s TSWA was 0.89, indicating that the better way to protect the water body is to maintain water surface stability year-round. The surface water area of the Yellow River and TSWA also showed a strong correlation, indicating that the rational use of Yellow River water is also an important direction for the future conservation of water resources in the study area.

Congenital bronchobiliary fistula (CBBF) is a rare disease. Children with CBBF mostly have atypical clinical manifestations that can be easily missed. We report a case of a child with CBBF who was diagnosed with fistulography with the help of an endobronchial blocker and a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The CBBF was successfully removed by thoracoscopic surgery.

Abstract Grazing is one of the major anthropogenic driving factors influencing community structure and ecological function of grasslands. Fencing has been proved to be one of the main measures for rehabilitating degraded grasslands in northwestern China. However, data from combined empirical studies on the effects of different management regimes in desert grasslands are lacking. So we selected long‐term fencing (fenced since 1991), mid‐term fencing and seasonal fencing (fenced since 2002), and adjacent free‐grazing grasslands to investigate vegetation and soil properties on southwest Mu Us desert. Our results showed that fencing increased plant cover, height, aboveground biomass (AGB) of different plant life‐form groups, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Evenness index, Simpson index, total soil nitrogen, total soil phosphorus, and soil organic matter, but decreased plant density, species richness, Richness index, soil bulk density, water content, and pH. However, 22–24 years of long‐term complete fencing might cause redegradation of vegetation and soil nutrients, characterized by the reduction of some vegetation properties, biodiversity, total AGB, and some soil properties. Seasonal fencing with 11–13 year was more beneficial to vegetation restoration than that with completely fencing measures. Our study suggests that appropriate artificial disturbances, such as seasonal fencing (winter grazing and summer fencing), should be used after long‐term fencing in order to maintain grassland productivity and biodiversity. These findings will help to provide theoretical support for vegetation restoration and sustainable management in grassland under grazing prohibition at Mu Us desert.

We demonstrate that the anyon statistics and three-loop statistics of various 2d and 3d topological phases can be derived using semiclassical nonlinear sigma model field theories with a topological Θ term. In our formalism, the braiding statistics has a natural geometric meaning; The braiding process of anyons or loops leads to a nontrivial field configuration in the space-time, which will contribute a braiding phase factor due to the Θ term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate the following conclusion: If ∣Ψ> is a one-dimensional (ID) or two-dimensional (2D) nontrivial short-range entangled state and ∣Q> is a trivial disordered state defined on the same Hilbert space, then the following quantity (so-called "strange correlator") C(r, r') = (Ω∣ϕ(r)ϕ(r')∣Ψ)/<Ω∣Ψ> either saturates to a constant or decays as a power law in the limit ∣r - r'l →+∞, even though both ∣Ω) and IΨ) are quantum disordered states with short-range correlation; ϕ(r) is some local operator in the Hilbert space. This result is obtained based on both field theory analysis and an explicit computation of C(r, r') for four different examples: ID Haldane phase of spin-1 chain, 2D quantum spin Hall insulator with a strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling, 2D spin-2 Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki state on the square lattice, and the 2D bosonic symmetry-protected topological phase with Z2 symmetry. This result can be used as a diagnosis for short-range entangled states in ID and 2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is one of the most important pathways in plants and produces a large variety of essential isoprenoids. Its regulation, however, is still not well understood. Using the stable isotope 13C-labeling technique, we analyzed the carbon fluxes through the MEP pathway and into the major plastidic isoprenoid products in isoprene-emitting and transgenic isoprene-nonemitting (NE) gray poplar (Populus x canescens). We assessed the dependence on temperature, light intensity, and atmospheric [CO2]. Isoprene biosynthesis was by far (99%) the main carbon sink of MEP pathway intermediates in mature gray poplar leaves, and its production required several fold higher carbon fluxes compared with NE leaves with almost zero isoprene emission. To compensate for the much lower demand for carbon, NE leaves drastically reduced the overall carbon flux within the MEP pathway. Feedback inhibition of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity by accumulated plastidic dimethylallyl diphosphate almost completely explained this reduction in carbon flux. Our data demonstrate that short-term biochemical feedback regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity by plastidic dimethylallyl diphosphate is an important regulatory mechanism of the MEP pathway. Despite being relieved from the large carbon demand of isoprene biosynthesis, NE plants redirected only approximately 0.5% of this saved carbon toward essential nonvolatile isoprenoids, i.e. β-carotene and lutein, most probably to compensate for the absence of isoprene and its antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital for the correction of atrial septal defect (ASD). Open heart operation with cardiopulmonary bypass is dangerous because the patient also had hereditary spherocytosis, which put her at risk for hemolytic anemia. Therefore, percutaneous transcatheter closure for ASD was chosen and performed successfully, which avoided the erythrocyte damage caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. This is the first time such a case has been reported, and we present an alternative approach for ASD with hereditary spherocytosis.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of maternal autoantibody-mediated arrhythmia and/or cardiomyopathy, and to explore the therapeutic role of glucocorticoids in these diseases.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 2 fetuses and 14 children who presented with autoantibody-mediated arrhythmia and/or cardiomyopathy in our hospital from September 2010 to December 2018.Results: In total, 16 patients were identified, including 2 fetuses, and 14 children. One mother suffered from Sjogren's syndrome, two suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the remaining 13 were asymptomatic carriers of autoantibodies. Two fetuses were diagnosed with complete congenital heart block (CHB) and had mean heart rates of 45 and 50 bpm. In the 14 surviving children, third-degree CHB was detected in 4 children, second- to third-degree CHB in 4, corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation in 1, atrioventricular dissociation, and junctional ectopic tachycardia in 1, complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in 3, and endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) in 1. All of the 14 surviving babies received intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoids. None of the children received pacemaker implantation. During the follow-up, one 3-month-old girl who had complete CHB, DCM, and Torsades de pointes almost recovered after the administration of prednisone for ~8 years. Three cases with complete CHB had no improvement after 3–5 years of follow-up. One case with EFE and three cases with CLBBB and DCM were in stable condition now. Children with QTc prolongation and junctional ectopic tachycardia returned to a regular rhythm.Conclusions: Autoantibody-mediated arrhythmias and/or cardiomyopathy are severe complications related to maternal autoantibodies, and the administration of steroid may be beneficial in reversing complete CHB.

A back-illuminated vertical-structure ZnO ultraviolet (UV) detector was fabricated using an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Ordered ITO and ZnO films were grown on a quartz substrate by radiofrequency sputtering. At 5 V bias, the dark current was 640 μA and the photocurrent was 16.8 mA under UV illumination (365 nm, 10 μW), indicating a high responsivity of 1616 A/W. The response time measurements showed a rise time of 71.2 ns and a decay time of 377 μs. The ZnO detector performed well and can be used in a focal-plane array for UV image detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-performance metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet photodetector was fabricated based on a ZnO film with Al interdigitated (IDT) electrodes. A c-axis-oriented ZnO film was grown on a SiO2/Si (100) substrate at room temperature by a reactive radiofrequency (RF) sputtering technique and then annealed at 900°C in pure O2 ambient for 1 h. The fabricated ZnO ultraviolet (UV) detector demonstrated a high responsivity of 2069 A/W when biased at 5 V, which could be attributed to the influence of the annealing process in pure O2 ambient. The response time measurement showed a rise time (10-90%) of 45.1 ns and a decay time (1 - 1/e) of 541 µs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes, vesicles secreted by cancer cells, have a role in cancer progression but the mechanisms regulating their biogenesis are mostly unknown. Here the authors show that PKM2, a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme overexpressed in cancer cells, mediates exosomes exocytosis by phosphorylating SNAP-23.

The P spectra of pion from resonance decay are studied. It is found that the reduction of effective mass increases the emission of low P pions. The approach to explain the enhancement of low- P pion observed by the NA35 Collaboration in 200 GeV S+S collisions with the contribution from the resonance decays can be improved by the mass reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Q $$\overline Q $$ system at finite temperature is investigated based on the ellipsoidal bag model. It is found that the binding energy decreases with increasing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of 3-MeV proton irradiation on InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) solar cells was investigated. The irradiation degradation of the photoluminescence characteristics of the InGaN film was also measured, indicating its potential to be used in space solar cells. With the proton fluence increasing from 0 to 1 × 1014/cm2, the conversion efficiency (η) of the InGaN/GaN MQWs cell declined from 0.61% to 0.14%. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The cutlassfish (Trichiurus haumela) is an important commercial fish species. In the present study, we report 12 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for cutlassfish. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 9 in a sample of 26 individuals. Observed and expected heterozygosities per locus varied from 0.2727 to 0.9583 and from 0.4059 to 0.7926, respectively. Two loci (Trha25 and Trha27) showed significant departure from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium after sequential Bonferroni correction (P<0.0042). No significant linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was found. These microsatellite markers provide powerful tools for investigating genetic population structure, population history and conservation management of cutlassfish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective To compare the fluid resuscitation effect of sodium acetate Ringer’s solution and sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution on patients with traumatic haemorrhagic shock. Method We conducted a prospective cohort study in our emergency department on a total of 71 patients with traumatic haemorrhagic shock admitted between 1 December 2020 and 28 February 2022. Based on the time of admission, patients were randomly divided into a sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution group and sodium acetate Ringer’s solution group, and a limited rehydration resuscitation strategy was adopted in both groups. General data were collected separately, and the patients’ vital signs (body temperature, respiration, blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)), blood gas indices (pH, calculated bicarbonate (cHCO3 −), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and clearance of lactate (CLac)), shock indices, peripheral platelet counts, prothrombin times and plasma fibrinogen levels were measured and compared before and 1 h after resuscitation. Results The post-resuscitation heart rate of the sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution group was significantly lower than that of the sodium acetate Ringer’s solution group (p