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The syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of a novel family of heterometallic aggregates [CuII9LnIII2(μ3-OH)8(mea)4(C3H7COO)4(NO3)2Cl6(MeOH)4(H2O)2] ·3MeOH ·2H2O [Ln = Eu ( 1), Gd ( 2), Tb ( 3), Dy ( 4)] are reported. The compounds were obtained by the direct reaction of monoethanolamine (Hmea) with CuCl2 ·2H2O and Ln(NO3)3 ·6H2O in the presence of sodium butyrate (C3H7COONa) in MeOH/MeCN solution. Compounds 1- 4 are isomorphous and have an intriguing heterometallic undecanuclear [Cu9Ln2] core that contains a [3 × 3] [Cu9] grid and two [LnCu4] tetragonal pyramids that share a common [Cu4] vertex. Compounds 1- 4 are the first high-nuclearity 3d-4f aggregates bearing a monoethanolamine (Hmea) ligand to be reported. The magnetic properties of 1- 4 have been investigated by dc and ac susceptibility measurements. A detailed magnetic analysis revealed that antiferromagnetic Cu ···Cu interactions and ferromagnetic Cu ···Gd couplings exist in [Cu9Gd2] ( 2), which exhibits a significant magnetocaloric effect. Furthermore, [Cu9Tb2] ( 3) and [Cu9Dy2] ( 4) display slow relaxation of the magnetization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen-bond mediated coupling of 1,2,3-triazoles to indoles and pyrroles results in N2 selective functionalization of the triazole moiety in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction was tolerant of un-, mono- and disubstituted triazoles and was applied to synthesize tryptophan derived fluorescent amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two tetranuclear manganese complexes, [NaMnIIMn3III(μ4-O2-)(HL)3(SCN)4] ( 1) and [NaMnIIMn3III(μ4-O2-)(HL)3Cl4][NaMnIIMn3III(μ4-O2-)(HL)3Cl3(H2O)]ClO4 ·3.5H2O ( 2) were obtained from the reaction of manganese perchlorate with a quadridentate Schiff base ligand, 3-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)propane-1, 2-diol (H3L) derived from condensation of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 3-amino-1, 2-propanediol, as well as the coligand KSCN or NaCl under basic conditions. Single-crystal X-ray studies reveal that those two complexes all have a mixed-valent tetrahedral core, which contains an apical MnII ion and three basal MnIII ions situated in the [Mn3(μ4-O2-)]7+ equilateral triangle plane. Fitting of the magnetic susceptibility data to the theoretical χm T vs. T expression, revealed that the presence of only antiferromagnetic interactions between the central metal atoms in 1, while both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions are present in 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility of co-culturing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood (UCB) using cytodex-3 microcarriers is investigated in order to assess it as a possibility for future clinical therapies. Considering the safety requirements of clinical applications, human autologous serum (HAS) collected from UCB is used to replace the widely-used fetal bovine serum (FBS). Following to this, after UCB-HSCs and UCB-MSCs ex vivo culture, both can be harvested simultaneously. Besides, after their co-culture, the two different types of stem cells can be easily separated by sedimentation due to the density differences between cytodex-3 microcarriers (containing adherent MSCs) and the suspended HSCs. In order to optimize the culture conditions, the effect of the content of HAS (2. 8% , 5. 6%, 8. 3% and 11. 1%) on the expansion of UCB-MSCs and UCB-HSCs is assessed. The results indicate that the expansion of UCB-HSCs is at least (1. 88±0. 33)fold while supplied with 5. 6% HAS, better than that in the other groups, while it has little effect on the expansion of UCB-MSCs. It is concluded that the optimal content of human autologous serum for the co-culture conditions herein reported is about 5. 6%. Finally, the co-culture system developed and herein reported is feasible to provide expanded UCB-HSCs and UCB-MSCs for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new tetranuclear manganese complex [Mn2IIMn2III(bhmcpH)2(hmp)4Cl2(MeOH)2] ( 1) [bhmcpH3 = 2, 6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-chlorophenol, hmpH = 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine] was synthesized and characterized. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/ c. It has a mixed-valence tetranuclear dicubane unit, which comprises two MnII and two MnIII ions. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibilities of 1 indicates ferromagnetic interactions between the manganese ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using static chamber/ gas chromatography, the CO2 fluxes in a Carex cinerascen-domi- nated wetland in the Poyang Lake Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve were measured in non- flooded period (from September 2009 to April 2010). Two treatments were installed, i. e. , soil-plant system (TC) and aboveground plant removal (TJ), representing ecosystem respiration and soil respi- ration, respectively. There was an obvious seasonal variation in the ecosystem respiration and soil res- piration. The respiration rate in treatment TC ranged from 89.57 to 1243.99 mg CO2•m-2•h-1, and that in TJ was from 75.30 to 960.94 mg CO2•m-2•h-1. Soil respiration accounted for 39% -84% of ecosystem respiration, with an average of 64%. Soil temperature was the main factor controlling the ecosystem respiration and soil respiration, explaining more than 80% of the respiration vari- ance. The temperature coefficient (Q10 ), an index of temperature sensitivity for respiration, was 3.31 for ecosystem respiration and 2.75 for soil respiration. The Q10 value was higher in winter than in autumn and spring. No significant correlation was observed between soil moisture and CO2 flu- xes. In non-flooded period, the C. cinerascens-dominated wetland acted as a carbon sink of atmos- pheric CO2, with a carbon uptake of 1717.72 g C•m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Local hyperthermia has been successfully used in the treatment of viral warts by mechanisms that have largely remained unclear. Using an organotypic culture system, we found that hyperthermia at 42°C and 45°C could induce a significant increase in the transcriptional expression of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ, in a temperature-dependent manner in condyloma acuminata (CA), but not in normal skin. Accordingly, local hyperthermia could enhance the expression of 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthase and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase, two antiviral enzymes downstream of the IFN-dependant pathway. Hyperthermia led to an increase in IFN-α/β receptor transcripts, and an increase in the levels in phospho-Stat1 and phospho-Stat2 in CA, though it had no influence on the levels of Jak1, Tyk2, Stat1 and Stat2 transcriptional expression. Local hyperthermia was proved effective in treating human papillomavirus-infected skin. These results suggested that hyperthermia took effect partly by inducing the expression of local endogenous IFN and partly by subsequent IFN-induced antiviral activity via Jak–STATs signalling pathway in CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 40-year-old man diagnosed with universal vitiligo and had been treated with topical nitrogen mustard. The patient underwent physical examination which revealed the presence of depigmented and hyperpigmented macules and patches on his neck, genitalia and extremities. Physicians asked patient to discontinue the use of nitrogen mustard after they discovered malignant nature of skin lesions on patient body during biopsy.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression exhibits large interindividual variation attributable to diverse regulatory factors including microRNAs (miRNAs) and hepatic transcription factors (TFs). We used real-time qPCR with 106 human liver samples to measure the expression and interindividual variation of seven miRNAs and four TFs that have been reported to regulate the expression of CYPs; we also identified factors that influence their expression. The results show that expression of the seven miRNAs and the four TFs exhibits a non-normal distribution and the expression variability is high (89- to 618-fold for miRNA and 12- to 85-fold for TFs). Age contributed to the interindividual variation for miR-148a, miR-27b and miR-34a, whereas cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption significantly reduced HNF4α mRNA levels. Association analysis showed significant correlations among the seven miRNAs as well as the four TFs. Furthermore, we systematically evaluated the impact of the seven miRNAs and four TFs on protein content, mRNA levels, translation efficiency and activity of 10 CYPs. The results show that numerous associations (positive and negative) are present between the seven miRNAs or the four TFs and the 10 CYP phenotypes (as indicated by mRNA, protein and activity); specifically, miR-27b, miR-34a and all four TFs played key roles in the interindividual variation of CYPs. Our results extend previous findings and suggest that miR-27b and miR-34a may be potential direct or indirect master regulators of CYP expression and thereby contribute to the interindividual variations in CYP-mediated drug metabolism. Unlabelled Image • Expression levels of miRNAs and TFs related to CYP regulation were highly variable. • Age contributed to interindividual variation for miR-148a, miR-27b and miR-34a. • Smoking and drinking significantly reduced HNF4α mRNA levels. • Numerous associations existed between the seven miRNAs or four TFs and 10 CYP isoforms. • miR-27b and miR-34a played key roles in the interindividual variation of CYPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the side effects and chemo-resistance of docetaxel (DTX) limit its anticancer performance in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), many studies have attempted to identify novel combination treatment to meet clinical needs. Platycodin D (PD), a natural component from Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.) A.DC. appears to inhibit proliferation in many cancers. This study investigated the effect of combining PD and DTX in DU-145 cells and explored its underlying mechanism. Anti-proliferation activity was detected by MTT assay. The combination index (CI) was calculated to elucidate the synergistic effect of PD and DTX. DAPI and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were used to observe the apoptosis. To monitor autophagy flux, Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3 was conducted. Flow cytometry was employed to investigate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression levels of proteins were analyzed by western blot. Results showed that PD and DTX combination treatment synergistically inhibited cell growth. Annexin-V/PI staining demonstrated that combination treatment enhanced apoptosis, accompanied with the upregulation of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3/9 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Additionally, PD and DTX together inhibited autophagy with the downregulation of related proteins compared with PD group. Flow cytometry indicated that the combination group promoted ROS production, increased the expression of p-P38 (Thr180/Tyr182), decreased the expression of p-EGFR and suppressed its downstream Akt/mTOR and ERK pathways. Briefly, PD combined with DTX showed significant synergism on DU-145 cells with enhanced apoptosis and alleviated autophagy, suggesting that PD could decrease the dosage and side effects of DTX and optimize its clinical use for prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which discusses role of GPAA1 in gastric cancer progression via upregulation of GPI-anchored protein and enhancement of ERBB signalling pathway. It mentions that data mining was performed to determine the pattern of GPAA1 expression and the reason for its overexpression in tumour. It reveals that GPAA1 was an upregulated oncogene in gastric cancer due to chromosomal amplification.

Graphical abstract Three new compounds based on Mo-V polyanions and transition metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Highlights • Three new compounds of bicapped Keggin Mo-V clusters. • Catalytic properties for epoxidation of styrene. • Supramolecular structure of polyoxoanions and different transition metal complexes. • Dimer of polyoxoanions and transition metal complexes. Abstract Three new hybrid compounds based on similar molybdenum-vanadium clusters and several types of copper complexes, [Cu(enMe) 2 ][Cu(enMe) 2 (H 2 O)] 2 [HPMo 9.25 V 4.75 O 42 ] (1), [Cu(2,2′-bpy) 2 ] 3 [Cu(phen) 2 ] 2 [PMo 10 V 4 O 42 ] (2) and [Cu(im) 2 ]{[Cu(2,2′-bpy) 2 ] 2 [PMo 8 V 6 O 42 ]}·3H 2 O (3) (enMe = 1,2-propanediamine, im = imidazole, bpy = bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV–Vis spectrum, powder XRD, photoluminescence analysis, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Single crystal X-ray analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits a 3-D supramolecular structure constructed from bi-capped Keggin molybdenum-vanadium polyoxoanions and copper-propanediamine complexes. Both compound 2 and 3 are 3-D supramolecular structures constructed from bi-capped Keggin molybdenum-vanadium polyoxoanions and two different transition metal complexes. We also synthesized [Cu(2,2′-bpy) 2 ] 2 [HPMo 12 V 2 O 42 ] (4), which has been reported previously. The catalytic properties of compounds 1 – 4 have been investigated and we found that 1 – 4 are all active catalysts for the epoxidation of styrene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction tolerates a wide range of substituents and functional groups, and proceeds with excellent selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a high pathogenic and threatening virus in cyprinids culture because of no therapeutic measures. In the present study, we designed and synthesized a safer derivative, 7-N-(p -methylphenyl sulphonylamine)-4-methylcoumarin (LMC1011). The present data showed that LMC1011 increased the cell viability of SVCV-infected epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells by 63% and inhibited the virus replication in vitro over 90% at 300 μM. Mechanistically, it is activation of intracellular antiviral signaling pathways to affect the virus internalization. For in vivo study, continuous oral injection of LMC1011 increased the survival rate of SVCV-infected common carp by 55%, and significantly reduced the viral loads in kidney and spleen. Additionally, pretreatment of LMC1011 upregulated the expression of IFN-γ2b, IFN-I, ISG15 and Mx1 genes to effectively improve the resistance of common carp against SVCV infection. Overall, our results suggest that application of LMC1011 may stimulate antiviral immune response of fish to effectively control SVCV infection in aquaculture. • LMC1011 inhibited SVCV replication in vitro over 90% at 300 μM. LMC1011 obviously increased the survival rate of SVCV-infected common carp. • LMC1011 stimulated antiviral immune response of fish against SVCV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]