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The reality of mystery of incarnation, referring to Christ and to the created being, is found both in biblical revelation and in the continuing reflection of the Church, even up to our own time. Up to the Council of Chalcedon, Patristic writers of the first centuries affirmed that the totality of the Trinitarian mystery, revealed in the Incarnate Word, is the focus of the life of the Church, it is her soul and the reason for her being. Consequently, in confessing God's intimate and dialogical relationship with humankind, the human person attains salvation. Patristic authors understood that the mystery of God cannot be divided. This article proposes a critical and rational view of patristic interpretation, as a systematic reading of the event of the Incarnation. In this way contemporary theology can approach, in a more dynamic and vital way, the mystery of God, One and Three, in God's eternal decision to fill the human person in the totality of her or his essence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Historía da Sociedade e da Cultura is the property of Revista de Historia da Sociedade e da Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bistua: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Basicas de la Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los pequeños felinos afrontan distintas amenazas a su conservación como la deforestación, su uso como mascotas, la cacería por retaliación o para consumo humano. No obstante, esta última es una amenaza escasamente documentada. En Colombia se ha reportado el consumo de carne de felinos como el yaguaroundi, puma y jaguar. Aquí se reporta el caso de un margay, cazado y consumido por comunidades de campesinos en el departamento de La Guajira. Este es el primer registro directo documentado de caza y consumo para esta especie en el país. Esta información puede aportar al conocimiento de la problemática y representar un aspecto importante para la conservación de pequeños felinos silvestres en áreas rurales marginales de Colombia.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the substitution (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of corn by cassava wastewater dregs on carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of crossbred Santa Inês lambs. Forty male sheep, uncastrated with an average initial body weight of 20 ± 1.87 kg and five months of age, were used. These were housed in individual pens in a randomized block design with four treatments and ten repetitions and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. Quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed for the empty body weight (EBW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold carcass weight (CCW) and carcass compactness index (CCI), with maximum points of 36.14, 19.45, 20.20 and 0.31 kg cm-1 for the replacement level of corn for cassava wastewater dregs, 50.0, 53.84, 54.04 and 45.45% respectively. There was also an effect (P < 0.05) on the weights of the rumen and “Buchada”, with maximum points of 0.909 and 6.25 kg per replacement level, 49.11 and 51.29% respectively. As for retail cuts, only the efficiency of the leg was altered (P < 0.05), having a linear increase while the other variables were not affected. Cassava wastewater dregs can be used in full as an alternative food in the diet of feedlot lambs without harming the main carcass characteristics and non-carcass components.

ABSTRACT Sensory and instrumental analyses evaluated the meat and fat characteristics of feedlot-finished steers fed a diet containing cottonseed. Global impression, texture, meat color, and fat color were assessed. Thirty Nellore bulls with an average age of 30 ± 6 months and initial body weight of 382.7 ± 28.4kg were kept in feedlot stalls and fed the following cottonseed levels: 0; 2.22 %; 4.44 %; 6.66 %; 8.88 %; 11.11 % of the dietary dry matter. The cottonseed used in this experiment had an average free gossypol content of 4.5g/kg of cottonseed. The overall impression of the samples, assessed by the triangle test for difference, did not differ for more than 62 % of the panelists (P>0.01). The shear strength of roasted meat varied from 6.00 to 6.54kg. According to texture profile analysis (TPA), the hardness, springiness, and chewiness of roast meat ranged from 24.15 to 28.01 N, 0.52 to 0.56, 8.42 to 11.01 N, respectively; of raw meat, 9.51 to 13.86 N, 0.26 to 0.29, and 1.38 to 1.81 N, respectively. The different treatments did not affect meat texture, meat color, or fat color (P>0.05). Meat color, luminosity, and red intensity ranged from 37.71 to 42.85, 20.68 to 25.25, and 6.74 to 8.61, respectively; fat color, luminosity, and yellow intensity ranged from 62.26 to 63.78, 11.13 to 11.62, and 10.53 to 10.86, respectively. Cottonseed intake of up to 1.13kg/animal/day, equivalent to a free gossypol intake of 5.05g/animal/day, in place of soybean meal and ground corn, did not significantly change the global sensory impression, texture, and color of the meat and fat.

In this study, we evaluated the tissue composition, the ratios between different issues, and the allometric growth of tissues from the commercial cuts neck, shoulder, rib, and leg, and of the carcass of Texel lambs. Thirty uncastrated male lambs born from single calvings were used in this experiment. Lambs were weaned, confined individually, and distributed into five treatments with six replications. Each treatment consisted of a predefined slaughter weight (T23 – initial slaughter, T25, T30, T35, and T40). The proportion of bone decreased linearly in the shoulder, rib, and legs, but remained constant in the neck. The proportion of muscle decreased in the rib, whereas in the other cuts it remained constant. The percentage of fat increased as the slaughter weight of the lambs was increased, for all cuts. In all cuts and in the carcass, bone and muscle showed early growth (b < 1), whereas fat displayed late growth (b > 1). The proportion of bone decreased and fat increased linearly in the carcass, and the proportion of muscle was not influenced by the slaughter weight of the lambs. The muscle/fat ratio decreased in all cuts, and consequently in the half-carcass, as the slaughter weight was increased. The muscle/ bone ratio increased in the shoulder, rib, leg, and half-carcass, but there was no significant effect on the neck. The bone and muscle tissues showed early growth, whereas the fat had late growth in the different commercial cuts and carcass of Texel lambs. The tissue growth pattern of the shoulder may be representative of the allometric growth of the different carcass tissues. An increase in the slaughter weight of Texel lambs leads to a reduction of the muscle/fat ratio, due to the higher deposition of fat in the carcass of these animals.

Sensory characteristics of meat from different animal types, including cattle (Angus and Brangus) and buffalo raised at pasture, and information on socio-demographic determinants of consumer preference were evaluated. Samples of roasted rib eye were cut and served in a disordered and monadic manner to 188 untrained tasters. A nine-point hedonic scale was used to assess odor, color, tenderness, succulence and overall appearance. Analysis of variance was carried out using the GLM procedure of SAS®, considering animal type and socio-demographic characteristics as fixed effects and using the LSMEANS procedure for multiple mean comparisons. Differences (P < 0.001) between animal types were observed only for tenderness, with Brangus (7.02) and buffalo (6.82) meat being superior to Angus (6.25). Regardless of meat origin, age, income, smoking and place of purchase affected the perceived attributes (P < 0.05). People aged over 50 years gave higher mean scores for odor and color (P < 0.05), indicative of greater satisfaction and less demanding tastes when compared to other age categories. Despite the variability in the intrinsic characteristics, differentiation of meat by the consumer is not easy to determine, with little impact of sociodemographic characteristics on organoleptic perception. Meat from Brangus cattle and buffaloes raised at pasture was considered tenderer than that from Angus cattle raised under the same conditions by an untrained taste panel compared with.

Vaccine abscesses are key factors to condemn beef cattle carcasses. Often, economic losses can compromise the profitability of both slaughter house and rural producer. This study aimed to quantify the losses in beef production by carcass parts damnation due to vaccine reactions. The study was conducted in partnership with the slaughter house located in Itapetinga (BA, Brazil). From a total of 7,033 slaughtered animals, 5,225 carcasses were evaluated (74.3% of total). Excised parts of carcasses due to vaccine reaction were separated, weighed and later discarded to rendering plant. The percentage of carcasses with some loss was greater than 98%. Disposal by vaccine reaction exceeded 0.500 kg/carcass. The average loss of total slaughtered animals reached 0.24% of the carcass. Considering only the studied slaughter house, there was an economic loss of R$ 29,978.75 in just 13 days of operation, or, the equivalent in american dollars of US$ 7,457.40 (exchange of 01/14/2016). Tissues removed from carcasses due to abscess formation cause significant loss for both slaughter houses and rural producers.

Nowadays, there are numerous arrangements of Integrated Systems of Agricultural Production, due, the particularities of each region and/or rural enterprise. The use of dual-purpose species such as, for example, BRS Tarumã® wheat further intensifies the system, because there is plant-animal production in a short time. Study aimed to evaluate the production and chemical composition of dual purpose wheat pastures managed with different DAN during periods of spikelet terminal (ST) and anthesis (AN), aiming crop production (pasture and grain) and animal (milk and / or meat). The experimental randomized block design with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 Kg de N ha-1, in the form of ammonium nitrate) and four replications. The average biomass values before the first and the second grazing were respectively: 2,164 and 2,127 kg DM per hectare and the waste of about 824 and 1,772 kg of DM per hectare and the daily average accumulation rate between the two grazing DM was 86 kg per hectare at 17 day intervals. The variables, number of spikes per square meter, grain number per square meter, thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight and grain yield did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. Nitrogen fertilization increases linearly (P=0.0017) the size of the spikes depending on nitrogen rates. For the linear variable layering increased (P=0.0001), indicating the susceptibility of the crop to high levels of nitrogen. The application of nitrogen fertilizer levels in dual purpose grazed wheat before the spikelet terminal stage and anthesis does not influence on grain yield variables. The nitrogen fertilization on wheat double purpose must be fractionated at tillering and after each grazing increasing the remobilization rate of nitrogen by culture.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, apparent digestibility, and carcass and meat traits of lambs fed high-concentrate diets (92.65%) containing different cereal grains (ground corn, whole grain corn, whole grain sorghum, or replacement of 40% whole grain corn with whole grain millet). Twenty-four feedlot intact lambs of undefined breed, with a body weight of 22.35 ± 3,.71 kg, kept in individual pens for 56 days were allocated in a completely randomized design. Dry matter intake expressed as a percentage of body weight was higher (P=0.0046) for the diets containing sorghum and ground corn (3.73% and 3.39%, respectively) compared to the diets containing millet and whole grain corn (3.23% and 3.13%, respectively). Feed efficiency was higher (P=0.014) for whole grain corn and millet (0.293 and 0.269, respectively) and lower for ground corn and sorghum (0.247 and 0.226, respectively). The apparent digestibility of organic matter, dry matter and crude protein was lower for the sorghum diet (P=0.0003). The carcass traits, meat cuts traits or objective longissimus muscle tenderness were not influenced by the diets offered to the animals. Meat color (P

La obra filosófica de Michel Henry forjó una filosofía del cristianismo que se articula como una Fenomenología de la Vida, engarzada con una filosofía de la carne y consumada como una Fenomenología de la Encarnación. El núcleo de dicha fenomenología comienza distinguiendo entre la fenomenología del mundo y la Fenomenología de la Vida. La fenomenología del mundo planteó y plantea siempre un pensamiento confinado en la exterioridad, en el estar fuera; en lo ek-stático, que siempre olvida y niega la vida. La Fenomenología de la Vida, en cambio, es la inmanencia y la auto-afección (el experimentarse a sí del viviente), que se expone desde las intuiciones esenciales del cristianismo: una vida que es auto-revelación; que es auto-donación, y que está caracterizada por el gozo infinito de sí en el abrazo patético de Sí, en la auto-afección. Ello, la Vida absoluta (Dios Padre, Dios de la Vida) auto-engendra eternamente a Dios Hijo, Cristo, el Primogénito, el Archi-Hijo. En Él nacemos a y por la Vida los vivientes, que somos los Hijos de Dios, Hijos de la Vida en el Archi-Hijo. Él nos singulariza engendrándonos en su Archi-Ipseidad. La carne del viviente es engendrada en el Verbo hecho Carne; Palabra de Vida, Palabra de la Verdad, Verbo de Vida, Verbo de Amor.

Currently, the practice of Crop-Livestock Integration is stimulated as a way of increasing the generation of foreign exchange for Brazil. Integrated systems improve land use efficiency as well as preserve, recover and increment or soil fertility. The aim of this research was to evaluate how different doses of nitrogen fertilization can affect production and quality of dual purpose wheat submitted to grazing. The experimental designed was randomized block with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 Kg N ha-1, like ammonium nitrate) and four repetitions. The forage yield, the percentage crude protein (P=.0001) and acid detergent insoluble protein (P=.0054) had a linear increased because of the nitrogen addition doses. The crude protein percentage changed the estimate of all soluble carbohydrates (P=.0001) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (P=.0186), but did not influence the, nitrogen detergent fiber corrected with ash and proteins percentage contributing for content cell. The crops production (P=.0001) and the number of kernels per ear (P=.0001) showed significantly difference because of the nitrogen additions dose, increasing the number of fertile flowers. The nitrogen topdressing alters forage production, the chemical composition and the production of dual purpose wheat grains subjected to grazing.

Este artículo aporta una interpretación fenomenológica sobre cómo se constituye el terror de la tortura en la víctima. Para tal efecto, propongo un contraste entre la interpretación sobre la tortura como un poder micro-político (perspectiva trascendente) y mi propuesta de una mirada fenomenológica (perspectiva inmanente) sobre su constitución a partir de la teoría de los fenómenos saturados de Jean-Luc Marion. El objetivo es determinar que el terror en la tortura depende de excesos intuitivos de la carne (chair/Leib) que no pueden ser contenidos en la subjetividad de la víctima.

Objetivou-se identificar os sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte existentes no Noroeste do Paraná. Para isso foram entrevistados 42 pecuaristas escolhidos aleatoriamente para retratar a realidade da criação de bovinos na região, entre os meses de Novembro e Dezembro de 2016. Estas entrevistas foram por meio de um questionário semiestruturado contendo 49 questões que retratam a realidade das fazendas sobre o tipo de criação, o manejo da propriedade com os animais, os cuidados ambientais implementados na propriedade, área total e tipo de exploração da propriedade; como também retrata as exigências dos frigoríficos para as carcaças dos animais e os valores obtidos pelos animais comercializados segundo os produtores. Após a coleta, foi realizada a tabulação dos dados obtidos no programa Microsoft Excel 2010® para, então serem realizadas as análises multivariadas no pacote estatístico PASW 18 para Windows. Foram definidas as variáveis mais representativas para então serem realizadas as analises multivariadas, sendo as mesmas representadas pela Análise de Fatores, Análise de Agrupamento e Análise Discriminantes. A partir das análises os sistemas foram identificados como três grupos distintos de produção, o primeiro sistema é composto por 18 produtores, o segundo sistema por cinco produtores e o terceiro sistema constituído por 18 produtores. Os três sistemas possuem características de produção e comercialização diferentes entre si, porém, o sistema 2 mostrou-se superior aos demais. Portanto, na região Noroeste do Paraná existem três sistemas distintos de produção de bovinos de corte sendo o sistema 2 superior aos demais sistemas de produção.

ABSTRACT: One hundred eighty-nine Catalan crossbreed donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) were used to evaluate the effect of gender (gelding, n=106; or female, n=83) and live weight at slaughter (LW) (kg, n=37) on carcass characteristics, non-carcass components and meat and fat color. Geldings had greater (P151kg). Meanwhile, the LW did not affect the color (L*, a* and b* values) of subcutaneous fat (P>0.05). These results suggested that both gender and live weight should be considered when producing meat from donkeys. It is advisable to use geldings weighing more than 126kg at slaughter to obtain the greatest weight and carcass yield.

Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo de bovinos doble propósito en un sistema silvopastoril intensivo (SSPi) en Apatzingán, Michoacán. La actividad se llevó a cabo mediante seguimientos técnico-económicos. Se monitorearon variables productivas y económicas (consumo de forraje, producción de leche, peso, ingresos y egresos) de 60 vacas de la raza Gyr, analizadas mediante estadística descriptiva y presupuestos por actividad. La carga animal fue de 2.06 UA ha-1, la producción de leche de 9.15 kg vaca-1 día-1, el ingreso de $1 495 225.15, el costo de producción de $406 042.43 y el margen bruto de $1 089 182.71 año-1. Se concluyó que el manejo de vacas Gyr en un SSPi favorece la producción de leche y carne y el ingreso en la unidad de producción (UP).

Strategies to improve the nutritional aspects of beef, mainly the fatty acids composition, have become an important goal to the scientific community. The use of different oils sources could be an interesting device due its polyunsaturated fatty acids composition. The chemical and fatty acid composition of rump cap (Biceps femoris) from 35 Nellore young bulls finished at feedlot (96 days) were analyzed. These animals were fed a control diet with sugar cane and concentrate without oil or diets containing sugar cane and concentrate with different sources of oil (soybean or linseed), protected or not from ruminal degradation. A randomized block design was adopted with five treatments and seven replications. The means were compared using orthogonal contrasts at 0.05 significance level. Animals fed diets with oil showed higher levels (P

En este trabajo abordamos la concepción del hombre de Tertuliano, pensador africano del siglo II, en el marco de su inserción en la tradición apologista de Justino e Ireneo. Al igual que ellos, el cartaginés adopta una consideración positiva del cuerpo, más específi camente de la carne, como elemento constitutivo en la definición del hombre, pareciendo asumir, en ocasiones, la carga de la especificidad humana. Sin embargo, Tertuliano atiende a la noción de alma como un aspecto central de su esquema antropológico en un escrito que le dedica especialmente. En este sentido, desarrollamos en el artículo los conceptos de corpus, caro y anima a la luz de la tensión respecto de lo que a veces indica una primacía de un aspecto por sobre el otro. A partir del análisis principalmente de la obra De anima y de algunas menciones al Libro II de Adversus Marcionem, concluimos que prevalece en Tertuliano una perspectiva unitaria sobre el hombre.

Resumo: O consumo de carne de jacaré-do-Pantanal tornou-se uma tendência de mercado e uma cadeia produtiva em ascensão no Estado de Mato Grosso, sendo 28,40% da carne comercializada nos últimos quatro anos oriundos do tronco. Estudos evolutivos, morfofisiológicos, ontogenéticos e tecnológicos foram desenvolvidos, mas não há descrição da musculatura e bases ósseas dos cortes comerciais. Objetivou-se descrever os músculos e correspondentes bases ósseas dos cortes filé de lombo, filé mignon e aparas. Na descrição óssea, utilizaram-se seis carcaças desossadas de exemplares juvenis de jacaré-do-Pantanal, além de um exemplar adulto, obtido por doação após óbito, do Zoológico da UFMT. Os ossos foram macerados em água corrente, clareados e descritos. Para a descrição muscular, 24 exemplares juvenis foram abatidos e esfolados, conservados em freezer e descongelados quando utilizados, sem qualquer fixação. Após a evisceração, foram dissecados em ambos os antímeros. Os músculos semiespinhal, longuíssimo e iliocostal, fixados nas vértebras e costelas torácicas, lombares e sacrais, formam o filé de lombo. O corte aparas é constituído pelos músculos grande dorsal, serrátil, peitoral e abdominais (oblíquo externo, oblíquo interno, transverso e reto), cuja base óssea corresponde as costelas torácicas, lombares e sacrais, a gastrália, o esterno e o epipúbis. Por sua vez, o m. puboisquiofemoral interno cranial, localizado na região sublombar e o m. troncocaudal, da superfície ventral da pelve, compreendem o filé mignon.

Background: the presence of intramuscular pin bones hinders the production and commercialization of fish fillet products; however, application of physical processes, such as thermal treatments, offers alternatives for the degradation of said bones. Objective: the present study aimed to conduct a microstructural and physicochemical analysis of Bocachico intramuscular pin bones subjected to a thermal treatment. Methods: collagen extracted from intramuscular pin bones of Bocachico fillets was analyzed using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and viscosity. Pin bones were subjected to 1.5, 2, and 3 minutes heating time and analyzed using electron microscopy and cutting force. Results: intramuscular pin bones contain type I collagen. Threeminute thermal treatment degraded collagen components present in the internal pin bone structure, coinciding with the lowest values of the cutting force test. Conclusions: according to our results, collagen degradation initiates in the internal structure of intramuscular pin bones and moves towards the external layer which does not show the effects of thermal treatment.

Para avaliar a viabilidade da metodologia da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase associada com o Polimorfismo de Fragmentos de DNA (PCR-RFLP) na identificação de fraude intencional e contaminação acidental em produtos cárneos de origem bubalina, in natura e processados, foram testadas amostras puras e amostras de carnes com misturas controladas, produzidas em laboratório, com adição de 1%, 5%, 10% e 50% de carne bovina em carne de búfalo, homogeneizada crua e em amostras autoclavada. Foram comparados, ainda, diferentes métodos de extração, usando um kit comercial e a técnica clássica, utilizando fenol/clorofórmio. O resultado estatístico foi obtido por tabela de contingência, analisada pelo teste do qui-quadrado (χ2) e do exato de Fisher. A especificidade encontrada foi altamente significativa (P

El presente estudio identificó la distribución de 22,850 canales de bovino de diferentes genotipos. Éstos, en función del juzgamiento visual del tamaño de la giba (grande, representativa de un genotipo Bos indicus; mediana, genotipo producto de la cruza entre B. taurus y B. indicus y pequeña, considerada como genotipo B. taurus) en los grados de clasificación obtenidos bajo la norma mexicana NMX-FF-078-SCFI-2002, en el rastro Tipo Inspección Federal No. 51 de La Unión, Tabasco (México). Se determinó el grado de asociación y la proporción de canales, juzgados por el tamaño de su giba; y el criterio de clasificación de la canal, por el procedimiento analítico de Chi-Cuadrada. Cincuenta y cuatro por ciento de las canales correspondieron al tipo de giba grande (genotipo B. indicus), 35% al de pequeña (genotipo B. taurus) y el 10.70% al de mediana (genotipo producto de la cruza entre B. taurus y B. indicus). En los genotipos B. taurus y cruza se concentró un mayor número de canales con clasificación de selecta (P

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a influência da variação do nível de energia metabolizável na dieta de frangos de corte, associada a uma variação proporcional da densidade nutricional da ração, sobre o desempenho das aves e sobre a composição da fração lipídica da carne. Foram avaliados separadamente machos e fêmeas da linhagem Cobb 500. Para análise de desempenho, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6x3, sendo seis níveis de energia metabolizável na ração (2.800, 2.900, 3.000, 3.100, 3.200 e 3.300kcal kg-1) e três idades ao abate (42, 49 e 56 dias). Foi utilizada a metodologia de superfície de resposta para estabelecer um modelo matemático, explicando o comportamento do peso vivo, do consumo de ração e da conversão alimentar. Para a avaliação da composição da fração lipídica da carne, determinou-se o teor de lipídeos totais e de colesterol na carne do peito, na coxa com pele e na coxa sem pele, seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x3x2, sendo três níveis de energia metabolizável na ração (2.800, 3.000 e 3.300kcal kg-1 de ração), três idades ao abate (42, 49 e 56 dias) e dois sexos. A redução da energia metabolizável da ração até valores próximos de 3.000kcal kg-1 não afetou o peso vivo, mas, reduzindo a energia da ração abaixo desse valor, o peso vivo diminui. O consumo de ração foi menor quando o nível energético da ração foi mais alto. A conversão alimentar melhorou de forma proporcional ao aumento do nível energético da ração. O desempenho de todas as aves ficou dentro da faixa considerada adequada para a linhagem. A carne de peito apresentou menos lipídeos totais e colesterol que a carne da coxa. O teor de lipídeos totais da coxa com pele foi mais que o dobro da coxa sem pele, mas o teor de colesterol não diferiu com a retirada da pele, demonstrando que o colesterol não está associado à gordura subcutânea. O teor de gordura intramuscular foi menor na carne das aves que receberam a ração com menor nível energético. Essas informações podem auxiliar na definição do manejo nutricional mais adequado. Apesar da redução no desempenho produtivo, a restrição da energia na ração dos frangos pode ser uma alternativa viável, se os consumidores estiverem dispostos a pagar mais por carne com menos gordura

The productive behavior of dual purpose livestock was evaluated in an Intensive Silvopastoral System (iSPS) in Apatzingán, Michoacan, Mexico. Through technical-economic tracing, productive and economic variables (forage intake, milk production, body weight, incomes and costs) were monitored in 60 Gyr cows, and analyzed by descriptive statistics and activity estimation. The livestock load used was 2.06 AU ha-1 and the milk production obtained was 9.15 kg cow-1 day-1 . The income obtained was $1 495 225.15, food costs was $406 042 43 and gross margin was $1 089 182.71 year-1. It is concluded that the management of Gyr cows in an SSPi favors the milk and meat production and incomes to the Production Unit (PU). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of consumers about hygiene in the commercialization of meat products in the street market of the Heliópolis district, in Garanhuns city, Pernambuco state. A quantitative research was carried out, with the application of 50 questionnaires to consumers of the market. Data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results show that consumers were aware that the way they were traded at the fair was precarious, with hygiene and sanitary deficiencies, from obtaining the raw material, packaging, handling and transportation of the products. Half of those surveyed (50%) had a high level of schooling. However, this did not influence the habit of attending the fair, since, regardless of schooling, all (100%) agreed to the continuity of this form of marketing of meat products. Although they report willingness to pay a higher value for a better quality product, cultural influence is responsible for consumers' habit of attending the fair every week and purchasing such products. This form of commercialization poses risks to consumer health, which is a public health problem that must be addressed by the regulatory agencies. The population should be warned about such risks and traders should be trained on the various aspects related to the safe handling of marketed foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work reconstructs the consumption of meat in the district of Santiago (Corregimiento) from 1773 to 1778. Through tax sources, information is compiled on this consumer market to analyze the origin of its supply, its commercial circuits and its impact on the well-being of the population. The results show that the consumption of meat per capita of those from Santiago reached 78.4 kilos a year, equivalent to 35% of the daily caloric requirement for an adult, a level that was far higher than many South American and European cities of the period. This high consumption of meat would have been universal, given that acquiring that quantity was only 6.8% of an unqualified urban workers salary. This evidence suggests that this population had a quality of life that was far superior than the level some economic historiography holds for Spanish-American as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The objective of this study was to describe the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in meat samples collected in traditional markets of Lima and to establish the levels of antimicrobial resistance and the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (BLEE) and AmpC in Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods. A total of 138 meat samples, 64 (46.4%) chicken, 44 (31.9%) beef and 30 (21.7%) pork were collected. The isolated bacteria belonged to 17 different genera and, specifically, 14 were classified as Enterobacteriaceae. Sensitivity to ten antimicrobial agents was analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, BLEE and AmpC were determined by double disc and imipenem-ceftazidime induction tests, respectively. Results. Antimicrobial resistance levels were high against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. There are significant differences in antibiotic resistance levels depending on the type of meat (chicken, beef and pork) (p <0.05). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) levels were particularly high in chicken and pork (98.2% and 86.4%, respectively). In addition, the presence of BLEE in Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat was 59.4%. Conclusions. Multiple drug resistance levels were high compared to antibiotics frequently used in humans; chicken and beef are highlighted as potential reservoirs of BLEE and pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate in what way and for what reason Dogmatic Theology cannot possibly embrace the docetic idea of a phantasmic Christ shaped by Marcion and traced by Tertullian in his Adversus Marcionem. We will conclude that the concept of 'phantom' --in its extreme version, i.e., irreducible to the polarized dichotomies in Western theology and metaphysics: matter and spirit, tangible and intelligible, soul and body, etc.-- is the true Antichrist and the blind spot in the Christological dogma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Escritos is the property of Escritos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of "chiasm" is central to the philosophy of the "late" Merleau-Ponty. My aim is to retrieve this concept in order to show that, within the framework of the new ontology outlined in Le visible et l'invisible and the notes written during the same period, its function corresponds to the function that imagination has performed throughout the history of philosophy. Thus, an ontology of chiasm necessarily involves reflecting upon an ontology of imagination. Furthermore, the concept of chiasm enables us to shed new light on the problem of subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agroindustrial consumers (AIC) of small ruminants for meat (SRM) were characterized in the State of Mexico. With a semi-structured survey, sociodemographic information, about commercialization and importance of the attributes of the SRM (live weight, sex, race, among others) was obtained. The data were analyzed with the technique of principal components, Tukey test and Kruskal-Wallis. According to their similarity between objects (73.3% of the total variance and KMO= 0.802), three groups of CAI were obtained: Group 1. Urban barbacoyero, Group 2. Rural barbacoyero/birriero, and Group 3. Butcher. Groups 1 and 3, acquired animals of lower weight (p <0.05) and Group 3, paid 7% more than the price of animals with respect to groups 1 and 2 (p <0.05). It was evidenced that there are three groups of AIC that differ in their characteristics and demands of the quality attributes of the SRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the boneless yield of the carcass of 64 feedlot-finished young Nellore bulls fed diets containing coated or uncoated urea and slaughtered at five body weights (350, 455, 485, 555, and 580 kg). A completely randomized design with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement was used. No significant effect was detected for the interaction between slaughter weight and diet; therefore, the variables were analyzed separately, compared by polynomial contrasts and the F test, respectively. The absolute weights of the primal cuts from the fore- and hind-quarter increased linearly as the slaughter weight of the animals increased. Increasing slaughter weights elevated the percentage of rump cap in the pistola hindquarter as well as its yield. The percentages of the rump cap and rump skirt increased linearly, whereas those of knuckle, tenderloin, flank steak, rump, and outside flat decreased and the sum of prime cuts had a quadratic effect in relation to the weight of the right 1/2 carcass. Increasing slaughter weights led to a higher percentage of fat from the trimming of the hindquarter cuts relative to the weight of the 1/2 carcass. The weight of meat cuts was similar between the groups of animals fed coated and uncoated urea. Higher slaughter weights generate heavier meat cuts but lower percentages of primal cuts from the pistola hindquarter relative to the carcass weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papeles del CEIC is the property of Centro de Estudios sobra la Identidad Colectiva, Facultas de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The traditional models of animal production imply a great environmental and economic cost. There are also ethical considerations around animal welfare based on certain production schemes. These aspects, together with an expected increase in the demand for animal protein, parallel to population growth by 2050, have forced the meat industry and the agricultural sector to look for alternative techniques of animal production. Cultured meat seems to be a viable and plausible option to solve many of these challenges. The article addresses the issue of tissue engineering, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of in vitro production, as a possible line for future research, to alleviate hunger and food insecurity in an environmentally sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]