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• P. guajava leaves extract has in vitro antioxidant potential. • P. guajava leaves extract also possesses antibacterial activity and is biocompatible. • P. guajava leaves extract has significant wound healing activity by promoting epithelialization and wound contraction. • P. guajava leaves extract can increase hydroxyproline content. • P. guajava leaves extract reduces oxidative stress by increasing catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione content while reducing lipid peroxidation. The current study aimed to evaluate the in vivo wound healing potential of Psidium guajava L. by wound excision model owing to its ethnomedicinal use as a wound healer since olden times. P. guajava leaves were extracted using methanol-chloroform (1:1). Phytochemical analysis of P. guajava leaves extract (PGLE) was performed using total phenolic content (TPC) assay, total flavonoid content (TFC) assays, and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro , antioxidant potential (DPPH radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay), antibacterial activity (broth microdilution method), and hemolytic analysis of PGLE were performed. In vivo , wound healing proficiency of PGLE (10, 5, and 2.5% w/w) was determined by estimating hydroxyproline and endogenous antioxidant markers. TPC and TFC were found to be 57.5 ± 0.37 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg extract and 32.1 ± 0.24 µg quercetin equivalent/mg extract, respectively. A prominent concentration of polyphenols was demonstrated by HPLC-based quantification with the highest value of rutin which is 12.3 ± 0.12 µg/mg extract. A noteworthy DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC 50 of 40.7 µg/ml, TAC, and FRAP i.e., 159.3 ± 0.11 and 206.1 ± 0.17 µg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg extract, respectively were exhibited by PGLE. Significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 250, 400, 400, and 500 µg/ml respectively was depicted by PGLE and found biocompatible with 1.1 ± 0.16% hemolysis. Significant wound contraction, faster epithelialization (9 ± 1 days), extensive fibroblast proliferation, and substantial neovascularization were observed in the 10% PGLE-treated group also evident by histopathological examination. Significant hydroxyproline (15.7 ± 1.02 µg/mg tissue), catalase, peroxidase (5.4 ± 0.26 and 6.1 ± 0.35 U/mg tissue) and glutathione content (9.7 ± 0.06 mmol/mg tissue) with p-value of less than 0.01 was demonstrated by 10% PGLE. A reduction in lipid peroxidation (0.5 ± 0.07 mmol/mg tissue) was also observed at the same concentration (10%). These findings scientifically validate the potent pharmacological effects of P. guajava phytochemicals and suggest their promising role as wound healing agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to optimize the extraction process of crude polysaccharide of willow bud (CPW, Crude polysaccharide of willow bud) and to investigate its in vitro antioxidant activity, the experiment was carried out to extract crude polysaccharides from willow buds by ultrasound-assisted hydroalcohol precipitation and optimized using response surface analysis; the in vitro antioxidant effect of CPW was evaluated by detecting its total antioxidant capacity, scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals (DPPH·) as well as its ability to inhibit superoxide anion radicals (O2 - ·) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH), using vitamin C (vitamin C, VC) as a control. The results showed that the optimal extraction process for CPW was 70∶1 (mL/g) liquid/feed ratio, 56 ℃ water bath temperature, and 440 W ultrasonic power. The extraction process was used to achieve 6.6% extraction of CPW. In addition, different concentrations of CPW were effective in scavenging DPPH radicals and inhibiting the production of ·OH and O2 - ·. It shows that the process is practicable and the extracted CPW has better antioxidant capacity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root capsule extract (GRCE) in doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. (body weight) and 200 mg/kg b.w. alone and in combination with a low dose (5 mg/kg b.w.) of diclofenac sodium (D) on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation (AI). The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D offered the highest inhibition percentage for edema, reaching the maximum level of inhibition (95%) after 24 h. The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D showed the ability to reduce tissue inflammatory changes when compared to D alone, while GRCE alone did not exhibit such properties. The association of both doses of GRCE with D showed significantly lower plasma and tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by up to 55% (p ≤ 0.0317), with the best results obtained by the group who received GRCE in the higher dose. These associations reduced the serum and tissue levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) by up to 71% (p ≤ 0.0371). In conclusion, the association of GRCE with a low dose of D could be an appropriate combination to decrease the dose used to reduce serum and tissue levels of inflammatory molecules, edema, and histological changes in acute inflammation. Further research will be necessary to achieve clinical evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the consumers' community the use of probiotic foods, especially probiotic dairy products is more popular than probiotic products that are offered in the form of pharmaceuticals, therefore; the development of probiotic food products seems necessary. Aims: The objective of this study was to produce probiotic fermented milk drink containing Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus casei and rice bran extract. Methods: Survival of probiotic bacteria, chemical and physical characteristics, content of phenolic compounds (TPC), antiradical activity and sensory properties of the product were evaluated. Results: The results showed that enrichment a probiotic drink by rice bran extract increases the activity of bacteria in acid production and reducing pH. The activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum in acid production was higher than that of Lactobacillus casei and the samples containing bran extract and Bifidobacterium bifidum had lower pH and higher acidity. Samples containing Bifidobacterium bifidum showed lower levels of total solids and viscosity than samples containing Lactobacillus casei, which indicates more activity in the production of substrate-degrading enzymes in the environment. TPC and radical scavenging potential in probiotic drinks increased during the storage period, and its amount was higher in drinks containing Bifidobacterium bifidum (74%) than samples containing Lactobacillus casei (70%). Adding bran extract to the milk medium increased the survival of both bacteria by higher than 20% due to the prebiotic activity of the extract. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that rice bran extract acts as a prebiotic in the presence of probiotic bacteria and this synbiotic product has a high potential to be provided to the market as a food item. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the essential oil depends on the duration and conditions under which the distillation of the plant material is carried out. In this study, one sample without fractionation and eight fractions (each after 15 min of steam distillation) of the essential oil of cultivated H. italicum were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The steam conditions for all samples were as follows: flow rate 800 L/h, temperature 104 °C, and pressure 0.4 bar. The test of the antimicrobial activity was performed with the modified Kirby–Bauer method (disc diffusion method) on non-selective nutrient media (blood agar) using the reference bacterial and fungal strains. A total of 75 different components were found in the essential oil samples obtained. A shorter distillation time makes the oil richer in monoterpenes and more suitable for the perfume and cosmetics industry. On the other hand, prolonged distillation leads to the essential oil being enriched with sesquiterpene oxides, which can have a negative effect on the fragrance of the essential oil. The essential oil of H. italicum showed antimicrobial activity only against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and the best activity was shown by the sixth fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyalomma dromedarii is the predominant tick species parasitizing camels in Egypt which leads to mortalities in young animals that result in economic losses. It can transmit a lot of pathogens to animals and humans, such as the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, the Dhori virus, Kadam virus, Theileria annulata and spotted fever rickettsia. The continuous use of chemical acaricides has negative impact on the environment and almost led to acaricidal resistance, and hence the plant extracts represent alternative methods for controlling ticks. The present study was carried out to assess the histopathological effects on the ovary of fed female Hyalomma dromedarii following immersion in the ethanolic extract of fruits of Citrullus colocynthis (100 mg/mL). Light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations provided evidence that Citrullus colocynthis caused extensive damage to oocytes. Destruction of the internal organelles of oocytes, along with delay and/or inhibition of vitellogenesis were demonstrated. This is the first histological study that points to damage in H. dromedarii ovaries following treatment with the ethanolic extract of fruits of C. colocynthis. The data presented suggest that the plant extract affects the ovary either directly by entering the oocytes and/or indirectly by damaging the gut cells and digestion of blood that interfere with the development of oocytes, so it can be used as a promising agent for tick control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water is the most valuable resource of human civilization and other earth beings. Industrial wastes and dyes are the major threat to these water assets. Untreated industrial wastewater drained into the rivers and oceans results in the water pollution. Therefore, prior to release of these industrial effluents into natural water resources, it is necessity of time to make it environment friendly. For this purpose, various physical and chemical methods have been in practice. But, these methods are more time consuming, expensive and less effective. Consequently, in modern nanotechnology era, use of nanoparticles for the treatment of wastewater has been considered as a better option due to their excellent surface properties which facilitate the catalytic degradation of toxic dyes into environmental benign products. Thus, use of some biological materials for the successful fabrication of metal nanoparticles as well as metal oxides nanoparticles and their use as catalyst for various organic reactions are gaining attention nowadays because of their eco-friendliness nature and easy availability. Here, this review article provides the updated role played by phytocompounds present in plants extract toward the preparation of different metal and metal oxide NPs along with their use as catalyst for photo- and chemical degradation of different toxic pollutants present in water sources. Different conditions to optimize the activity of nanomaterials in cleaning water process have also been reviewed critically. Future prospective of green-synthesized nanomaterials role as water cleaner has also been enlighten here in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2) green production via employing Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract and potassium metasilicate. Characterization methods, including FTIR, dynamic light scattering, SEM, Brunauer‒Emmett‒Teller analysis, and XRD. All these approaches were applied to get an in-depth comprehension of the nanoparticle's properties. It was determined that the nanoparticles' average size was 127 nm and 218 m2g–1 surface area. In addition, the tests verified the SiO2 nanoparticles' purity and demonstrated the surface existence of many reactive groups. The effectiveness of the reactive SiO2 nanoparticle groups were then assessed in a batch-mode adsorption under various operating parameters for the removal of malachite green dyes from aqueous solutions. The investigation examined the contact duration, pH, temperature, agitation speed, starting dye concentration, and quantity of nanomaterial on adsorption effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrated a remarkable removal efficiency of 96% for malachite green dye at an initial concentration of 100 ppm in the contaminated solution. Interestingly, the percentage removal exhibited an inverse relationship with dye concentration and temperature, while being directly proportional to other factors. Overall, the green-synthesized silicon dioxide nanoparticles proved to be a promising adsorbent for the effective removal of malachite green dye from aqueous environments. The results highlight the potential application of these nanoparticles in wastewater treatment and pollution mitigation, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics and their negative side effects has led to a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants and plant extracts. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Yellow Nasturtium on some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Methods: In this research, after the preparation of Rosa Foetida extract, its antibacterial properties were evaluated using antibiogram, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. Ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and penicillin were used to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to the extract studied. Results: The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa Foetida effectively inhibited bacterial growth and viability, with a more pronounced antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria than on gram-negative bacteria. Using the MIC method, the extract was able to inhibit the growth of bacteria with an average of 12.5-100 mg/ml. The results of the study compared to CLSI 2018 showed that only Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and all bacteria were resistant to gentamicin and penicillin antibiotics. The results of the one-way analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference between the effect of extract or antibiotics against bacteria (P<0.01). Conclusion: Collectively, hydroalcoholic extract of Yellow Nasturtium could be a valuable source of antibacterial activity against certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Natural antibacterial compounds are efficient for utilization in in vitro phytochemical and biological investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (E. angustifolia L.) whole fruit ethanolic extract was investigated on common pathogenic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans). The phytochemical composition of E. angustifolia was screened by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined using the broth dilution technique. According to the results, 13 major compounds such as flavonoid, aldehyde, alcoholic and fatty acids were identified by GC/MS. In addition, the extract could inhibit the growth of all examined pathogenic strains. The MIC was 3.75 to 1.87 mg ml-1 while maximum activity was found against Staphylococcus aureus. Besides, the MBC was ranging from 7.5 to 3.75 mg ml-1. Since E. angustifolia whole fruit ethanolic extract contains phytochemical compounds and has antimicrobial potential it can be recommended as a natural active agent for application in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phellodendri is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine in China, which is the dry bark of the rutaceae plant Huangpi tree. Numerous studies have shown that phellodendri extract has important functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial, improving animal production performance, promoting intestinal health, and alleviating stress. With the development of new alternative antibiotic products, phellodendri extract has important application potential in animal production due to its characteristics of no drug residue and no resistance. Therefore, this article reviews the biological functions of phellodendri extract and its application prospects in animal production, to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of phellodendri extract in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many traditional medicinal plants were studied for their phytochemical components. Dayak onions (Eleutherine bulbous (Mill.) Urb) is one of traditional medicinal plant in Indonesia. Analysis of the phytochemical compounds in the extract of the plant would help in determining various biological activities of the plant. Objective: This study was primarily aimed to identify the phytochemical profile of Dayak onions extract and its fractions. Methods: The Dayak onion bulbs were collected from Pancur Batu District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Multiple solvents used to for extraction and analysis of phytochemical compound by chemical reactions, thin layer chromatography (TLC) profiling, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) profiling. Results: The phytochemical screening of Dayak onions ethanol extract showed it contained alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and triterpenes/steroids. The n-hexane fraction contained flavonoids and triterpenes/steroids, while the ethyl acetate fraction contains flavonoids and glycosides. The water fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. By TLC profiling, the bioactive compounds in ethanol extract of the Dayak onion contain steroids, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. The bioactive compound in ethyl acetate fraction contains steroids, tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids and glycosides. The bioactive compound in n-hexan fraction contains steroids. The bioactive compound in water fraction fraction contains steroids and tannins. The FTIR demonstrated the presence of C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), C-O alcohol, ether, esters and carboxy acid in the ethanol extract, en-hexan fractions and ethyl acetate fractions. Conclusion: The phytochemical qualitative profiling showed that Dayak onion bulb as a rich source of bioactive compounds and have medicinal potential as therapeutic agent. A higher content of bioactive compounds of Dayak onion bulbs found in the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The FTIR demonstrated the presence of C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), C-O alcohol, ether, esters and carboxy acid in the ethanol extract, enhexan fractions and ethyl acetate fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effects of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) extracts concentrations on callus induction and rye (Secale cereale L.) embryo regeneration and growth of rye seedlings in both greenhouse and in-vitro conditions. Immature rye embryos were used as explants for generating callus, and water extracts of alfalfa and bermudagrass were added to the environment with a concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 %. This extract was also used in the regeneration period. The use of 25 and 30 % alfalfa extracts stopped callus induction and its components. The application of bermudagrass extract with a concentration of 30 %, reduced rye callus induction to 50 %. Alfalfa extract concentrations of 20 and 25 %, respectively caused a reduction of 35 and 75 % in callus fresh weight in comparison with the control conditions. Applying 25 and 30 % concentrations of bermudagrass extract led to a reduction of 68 and 80 % respectively. Alfalfa extracts with 15, 20 and 25 % concentrations caused reductions of 40, 63 and 69 % in rooting. The 30 % concentration of M. sativa extract stopped rooting in rye callus. Concentrations of 15, 20, 25 and 30 % caused reductions of 31, 50, 55 and 81 % in the shooting of rye callus, respectively. The results indicate that alfalfa extract had greater effect on rooting, and the bermudagrass extracts had greater effect on shooting. The analysis of the results shows that Alfalfa and bermudagrass extracts have a strong allelopathic effect, which can be used in the production of herbicides of natural origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of fractions and phytosomal complexes of Telfairia occidentalis leaf extracts on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat models. Phytosomal complexes of ethanol extract fractions were prepared by the thin film hydration technique. Hepatoprotective activities were evaluated by biochemical assays and histopathological examination of liver sections. Intoxication of animals with pure ethanol significantly (p < 0.05) elevated their liver enzyme titers, whereas co-administration with various extracts and phytosomal complexes reversed the increases. Histopathological findings revealed liver tissue protective effects of the extracts with the phytosomal complexes exhibiting greater effects (p < 0.05). Significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 were observed in the liver indices of animals treated with co-administered ethanol and extract fractions or phytosomes complexes versus the positive control group. T. occidentalis leaf extract formulated as phytosomes, therefore, has good potential of enhancing the hepatoprotective activities of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate extract from A. ludoviciana (EALM) and artemisinin against adult parasites and eggs of F. hepatica. For the ovicidal assay, cell culture plates with 24 wells were used, and 90 to 110 F. hepatica eggs were placed in each well. The eggs were exposed to concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/L EALM and incubated for 16 days. Additionally, triclabendazole (TCBZ) was used as a reference drug at concentrations of 10 and 50 mg, and the response of artemisinin at concentrations of 10 and 20 mg was simultaneously assessed. Adult flukes were exposed to concentrations of 125, 250, 375, and 500 mg/L EALM. The results of the ovicidal action of EALM on the eggs showed that concentrations greater than 300 mg/L were significant, with ovicidal percentages greater than 60% observed on day 16 of incubation (p < 0.05). The maximum efficiency of EALM on adult flukes was reached 72 h post-exposure at a concentration of 125 mg/L (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Nowadays, the demand for low-fat food products, such as cheese, has increased due to the increase in people's awareness about the relationship between fat and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the production of low-fat cheese with acceptable quality for consumers has great importance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of transglutaminase treatment and the addition of kappa-carr. Background and Objectives: In the past few years, there has been growing interest in studying a wide variety of functional foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutritional substances. Yogurt is a source of bioactive peptides which are developed throughout the process of fermentation, but in general, it has limited antioxidant activity. Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a notable crop, not only because of its economic importance but also for its beneficial health effects, mainly due to its antioxidant compounds. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of concentrated bell pepper extract (CBPE) on the antioxidant compounds of set yogurt. Materials & Methods: Bell peppers with yellow, orange, or red colors were purchased from the local market. After cleaning, washing, drying, blending, and straining bell peppers through a couple of layers of cheesecloth, the extracted juices were concentrated by a rotary evaporator at 60 ◦C till 30% T.S. The prepared CBPEs were made and used in formulation on the day of yogurt production. For making yogurt, 5% (V/V) of CBPE with different colors were substituted with the milk used for yogurt production. In this study, the effect of the addition of CBPE on the amounts of total phenols, vitamin C, and antioxidant capacity (based on DPPH and ABTS) of set yogurt was evaluated during 21 days of storage at the refrigerator. Results: Results showed that yogurt samples containing CBPE had significantly higher total phenolic, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and vitamin C content as compared to control (without CBPE). Among fortified samples, yogurt containing orange CBPE had higher antioxidant compounds as compared to other samples (samples containing yellow and red CBPE). The amount of total phenolic compounds in control and yogurt samples containing orange, yellow and red CBPE were determined as 129.56, 534.78, 399.22 and 423.78 µg/g, respectively. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, the results showed significant differences (p<0.01) between fortified samples, while based on ABTS method, no significant differences were found among them (p>0.05). The amount of vitamin C in control (68.47 µg/100g) was also significantly (p<0.01) lower than yogurt samples containing orange (2427.56 µg/100g), yellow (1530.33 µg/100g) and red CBPE (2081.22 µg/100g). Conclusion: Results showed that incorporation of 5% bell pepper extract particularly orange CBPE in yogurt production notably inhanced total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and vitamin C content. Therefore, consumption of this fortified yogurt may afford a substantial amount of the antioxidants required to boost the immune system and to prevent diseases and disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of the composition of peripheral blood cells and red bone marrow in preclinical studies is a key component of program for analysis of biologically active compounds obtained from the plant materials. Current study concerns effect of the complex extract from Rumex plants (R. confertus, R. tianschanicus, R. thyrsiflorus) on parameters of blood cells and bone marrow of laboratory animals. During the study, data were obtained on the effect of the extract on hematopoiesis when administered at 100 mg/kg of animal weight. The results obtained show that application of the extract is accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the number of neutrophil precursors, such as myeloblasts and band neutrophils (p≤0.05). According to our results the extract we obtained from Rumex plants does not cause inhibition of early bone marrow precursors and is safe and non-toxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to investigate the usage possibilities of P. terebinthus fruit, which has a limited usage area, in the food industry. Antimicrobial activity of hexane extract obtained from P. terebinthus fruits from Adıyaman (Turkey) was determined by disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays against test microorganisms. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the extract on Escherichia coli O157:H7, one of the most important food-borne pathogens, was determined by viable cell count using a macro-dilution assay. The potential for use of the extract with probiotic candidate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains was also investigated. The hexane extract presented antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms, with good inhibition zone diameters between 10.51 mm and 18.02 mm. MIC and MFC or MBC values of P. terebinthus fruit extract were determined as 5-80 µg/µL against all tested microorganisms. The lowest MIC and MBC values (5 µg/µL) of the extract were obtained against E. coli O157:H7. Macro-dilution assay results indicated that the P. terebinthus extract at various concentrations (5-10-20 mg/mL) inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 more than the control group after all of the incubation hours. No viable E. coli O157:H7 cells were detected after 48 hours at all concentrations. The extract showed low antimicrobial activity, and relatively high bactericidal concentration on probiotic candidate LAB strains. This shows that P. terebinthus hexane extract at appropriate concentrations can be used together with probiotic strains as a natural preservative and biopreservative to prevent food spoilage and extend shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress is related to several metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia. Previous studies have shown the antioxidant properties of Zingiber cassumunar rhizomes and Guazuma ulmifolia leaves. The objective of this study was to see how Z. cassumunar rhizomes, G. ulmifolia leaves extracts, and their combinations affect antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activity in a high-fat diet-fed (HFD) rat. The water extract of Z. cassumunar rhizomes and G. ulmifolia leaves was evaporated in a freeze dryer to produce dry extracts. The Wistar rats were assigned into six groups at random: normal, positive, negative, Z. cassumunar rhizome extract at 400 mg/kg BW (ZC), G. ulmifolia leaf extract at 50 mg/kg BW (GU), and the combination of Z. cassumunar rhizome extract and G. ulmifolia leaf extract at (350+50) mg/kg BW (ZC+GU). The rats were fed HFD for 28 days, and the treatment groups also received the extracts for the last 14 days. The study revealed that ZC, GU, and ZC+GU significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride when compared to the negative control. These treatments also showed a hepatoprotective effect by reducing the serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and histopathological observation. The conclusion of the study showed that ZC, GU, and ZC+GU play an essential role in their antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among all complaints, pain is one of the most frequently reported symptoms and reasons for using cannabinoids. Adding them to the ongoing treatment of chronic pain is usually a step when standard treatment with analgesics and coanalgesics does not provide satisfactory clinical results or drugs cause unacceptable side effects. Sometimes patients themselves take such a suggestion into consideration. When initiating therapy with cannabinoids, particularly with THC-containing preparations, basic and simple principles should be followed each time. The article presents recommendations developed and based on expert consensus using a modified Delphi process on how to dose and administer cannabinoids in the treatment of patients with chronic pain. CBD and/or THC should be introduced into therapy according to the well-known "start low, go slow" principle. Proper education regarding the use of THC in the form of extracts, as well as communication with the patient, can be of key importance in the attitude towards such therapy, which often translates into its success. Adequate follow-up during titration and continuation of the therapy will ensure patient comfort and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Clitoria ternatea (Family: Fabaceae) is an important medicinal plant in traditional folk medicine. This plant was found to contain various types of metabolites. Many different pharmacological effects, including antioxidant protection from illness, have been attributed to the plant's wide range of phytochemical constituents. This article provides an overview of the current phytochemical and pharmacological research as well as the traditional and medical applications of this plant. The significant and varied experimental findings have been addressed. Since C. ternatea has several conventional and pharmacological benefits in treating many illnesses. This makes it an appealing subject for future experimental and clinical investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ganoderma lucidum has a high concentration of flavonoid compounds. The extraction procedure was optimized using a response surface methodology to achieve a high concentration of flavonoids from G. lucidum using ethanol as the extracting solvent, and the antioxidant activities were investigated. The highest flavonoids content was 0.56 ± 0.03 mg/g when the solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and ethanol concentration were 1:25 mg/L, 75 °C and 1.5 h and 65%, respectively. The most influential factor was shown to be the solid-liquid ratio. FT-IR and 1H NMR analysis of the purified ethanol extracts (PEE) revealed that it was primarily a 5, 7-Dihydroxyflavone. PEE exhibited significant DPPH• and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, as well as stronger reducing capacity. Notably, in the presence of PEE, cell viability increased by 13.76% when compared to H2O2 treatment (p < 0.05), reaching 72.5%. In addition, when treated with the PEE, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH-Px) had significantly increased when compared to the H2O2-treated group (p < 0.01), which were 36.93, 15.01 and 15.11 U/g-protein. More importantly, PEE treatment could upregulate the expression of PI3K, Akt and downregulate the expression of Caspase-3 in PC12 cells stimulated with H2O2. As a result, PEE could be used as a novel source of natural antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of drug resistant strains of pathogenic microbes remained a rising global concern to the pharmaceutical world. This was consequent upon adaptation due to continuous use of conventional drugs with numerous associated setbacks. The phytochemical screening and antibacterial effects of ethanolic leaf extracts of Pterocapus erinaceus on Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli was investigated, using standard procedures. Saponins, phenols, steroids, reducing sugar and tannins were bioactive compounds obtained at resonance frequencies of 0.022, 2.812, 0.001, 0.232 and 0.720 respectively. The sensitivity response of the test organisms to control drug compared significantly (p<0.05) with the leaf extract across the concentrations. Average zones of inhibition were 5.00, 10.00, 12.00 and 17.00mm for Escherichia coli, 12.00, 15.00, 20.00 and 21.00mm for Salmonella typhi at 25, 50,100 and 200mg/ml respectively. The antibacterial potential ranged from moderate to strong and strong to very strong for Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi respectively. The ethanolic leaf extract gave ≤25mg/ml and ≥200mg/ml as minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations against Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli respectively, with bacteriostatic antibiotic power effects on the microbes. These findings clearly revealed potential antibiotic alternative to conventional options, while raising afforestation need to guarantee sustainable management of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Psoriasis is an underestimated chronic and autoimmune skin disorder. Topical chemical agents are applied for psoriasis control and treatment, notwithstanding their subordinate efficiency or unsuccessful activities. As an alternative, herbal medicine can also be used in its treatment. The aim of the present study was performed to assess the anti-psoriasis effect of Scrophularia deserti in mice model. Materials and methods: S. deserti was purchased and used for methanolic extraction. Extract DPPH radical scavenging activity, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were examined. Sixty male mice were purchased, and psoriasis was induced using 10 days of topical administration of Imiquimod (62.5 mg). Mice were classified into 6 groups: non-psoriasis control (only received distilled water), psoriasis control (only received topical Imiquimod), two S. deserti treatments (topical 300 and 500 mg/kg), topical Betamethasone, and topical a-pinene 9 %. Cytokine distribution and histopathological properties were also determined. Results: the value at which the S. deserti methanolic extract scavenges 50 % of free radicals (IC50) was 602.71±15.33 µg/mL. The total S. deserti methanolic extract flavonoid and polyphenol contents were 16.85±1.12 mg QE/g and 58.47±3.25 mg GAE/g, respectively. IL-22, TNF-a, and IL-17A concentrations increased after psoriasis induction compared to the control group (P<0.05). Mice treated with Betamethasone harboured the lowest concentrations of IL-22, TNF-a, and IL-17A (P<0.05). Conclusions: Mice treated with S. deserti methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) also harboured significantly lower IL-22, TNF-a, and IL-17A (P <0.05) compared to a-pinene and S. deserti methanolic extract (300 mg/kg). Mice of the psoriasis control group showed significant epidermis hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and crust with plentiful inflammatory cells. At the same time, mice treated with S. deserti methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) showed significant recovered tissue with normal skin epidermis and dermis, sebaceous glands, and follicles of the hair, besides the lowest rate of inflammatory reactions. Findings showed that the S. deserti methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) can efficiently be used as a practical substitute for psoriasis treatment. However, some supplementary research should be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benford's Law has been frequently used for fraud detection and is introduced in various accounting, auditing, and analytics courses. Instead of using specialized computer-aided auditing tools, this teaching case purports to apply Microsoft Excel to demonstrate the process, applicability, and benefits of Benford's Law by analyzing publicly available datasets on confirmed COVID-19 and credit card fraud cases. This hands-on exercise also enhances students' Excel skills to extract, transform, and load (ETL) data and use various data visualizations (e.g., pie/100 percent stacked/combo charts) to display proportional information. This case provides an engaging learning experience that matches student skill levels, stimulates critical thinking, and fosters interest in forensic accounting. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request. JEL Classifications: M42; M41; I20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The preparation of the pharmaceutical plant raw material Centella asiatica is one of the key factors affecting the extraction coefficient and optimizing the extraction process. Regardless of the extraction method used, the granule size must be optimal for the process to be effective. This is primarily because an optimal granule size increases the active surface area of the raw material when it comes into contact with the solvent. While this is a general rule for the extraction process, it does not fully apply to Centella asiatica due to practical challenges. During extraction, granules can clump together, forming separate focul that hinder the process and reduce the extraction coefficient. Therefore, achieving an optimal granule size is crucial. On one hand, it ensures the extraction process is completed effectively; on the other hand, it maximizes the extraction coefficient by isolating the desired active substances from the raw material while preventing the extraction of undesirable accompanying substances, such as sugars, chlorophyll, and others, which can complicate the subsequent technological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Almaty Technological University is the property of Almaty Technological University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective impacts of green tea extract (GT) against cypermethrin- induced (CYP) neurotoxicity parameters such as acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress, immune response, histopathology, apoptosis, and DNA damage in the brain tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The trial was divided into four groups (group 1, 2, 3 and 4). Group 1 was the control, while group 2 was treated with 0.1 µg/l of CYP, group 3 was treated with 0.1 µg/l of CYP + 100 mg/l of GT and group 4 was treated with 0.1 µg/l of CYP + 200 mg/l of GT for 14 days. While the level of malondialdehyde increased, the exposure to CYP in group 2 resulted in a reduction in acetylcholinesterase, lysozyme, total immunoglobulin, white blood cell, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels in the brain tissues, as compared to group 1. Furthermore, CYP exposure in group 2 resulted in severe hyperaemia in meningeal and parenchymal vessels, accompanied by significant degeneration and necrosis. In addition, neurons in group 2 exhibited pronounced cytoplasmic expressions of 8-OHdG and caspase-3. On the contrary, both doses of 100 mg/l and 200 mg/l of GT demonstrated remarkable neuroprotective impacts against CYP toxicity across all parameters as mentioned above. In summary, this study conclusively showed that the administration of 200 mg dose of GT yielded more pronounced neuroprotective impacts, surpassing the impacts observed with the 100 mg dose of GT. The higher dosage effectively reduced CYP-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage, while exhibiting an enhanced immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Aronia melanocarpa L. (aronia) fruit contains anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and compounds from the polyphenol group. The fruits of this plant are the most abundant natural source of anthocyanins. The aim of this study is to determine the total phenolic compound amount of methanol and ethanol extract in the fruit of the aronia plant and to investigate its antioxidant effects. Methods: Ethanol and methanol extracts from aronia fruits were obtained. The Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) was used to determine the total phenolic component levels in the extracts of aronia. By using the 1,1-d iphen yl-2-picry lhydr azyl (DPPH), iron ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Cu2+ ion reducing (CUPRAC) techniques, antioxidant activities were assessed. To calculate the extracts' equivalent antioxidant capacity, different reference sample concentrations ranging from 125 to 500 g/mL were prepared. Results: Both ethanol and methanol aronia extracts showed the highest phenolic component at a concentration of 500 μL/mL. Similary, both extracts FRAP and CUPRAC (Trolox Eq g/mL) activities and DPPH radical scavenging capacity (inhibition %) were highest at the concentration of 500 µL/mL. Conclusion: Aronia stands out as an antioxidant fruit and a potential natural therapeutic agents to alleviate oxidative stress. More research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of action, optimum extraction method, optimal dosage, and potential side effects of the extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapevine cultivation over an extended period has led to a favorable evolution of Romanian viticulture, bringing social benefits through improved dietary regimes and contributing to the country's economy through the export of quality wine products. Nevertheless, contemporary challenges such as population growth and energy crises necessitate sustainable approaches. Waste from the wine industry, such as grape pomace, yeast, leaves, and vine canes, poses a significant environmental problem. Composting these wastes can provide a sustainable solution, generating compost with high agronomic value. Additionally, wine production generates waste that can be valorized in various industries to obtain innovative products. Sustainable management of grapevine waste can contribute to more efficient use of plant resources and reduce environmental impact. Moreover, the class of chemical compounds found in the Vitis genus has diverse applications, and their valorization can enhance horticultural production, as well as the textile, food, and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to find out how neem leaf extract affected the immune systems of Tilapia (O. niloticus) that had A. hydrophila in their bodies. This included looking at its phytochemistry, antibacterial properties, bioactive compounds, and ability to make the immune system stronger. The extraction uses methanol. The phytochemical test of neem leaf extract includes flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. We obtained the isolate A. hydrophila from the Jepara Brackish Water Aquaculture. Before use, we store these bacteria in Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) media at 4 oC and Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) subcultures. re use. Test antibacterial using published We confirmed flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids through phytochemical tests. firmed. The test against A. hydrophila bacteria found that 100% of the extract was the most effective concentration at stopping the growth of A. hydrophila bacteria. After feeding A. hydrophilla bacteria to Tilapia (O. niloticus), the extract of neem leaf (A. indica) significantly boosted the immune system. bserved.

The research aimed to enhance the nutritional value of gummy candies by incorporating pistachio green hull extract (PGHE), stevia, and starch into the formulations. The gummy candies formulations were optimized using PGHE (1–5 %), stevia (0.013–0.040 %) and gelatin-to-starch ratio (9:1, 2:8, and 3:7) by response surface methodology (RSM), central composite design (CCD), with six center points. The physicochemical and textural properties of the gummy candies were assessed. Three optimal formulations were determined, which were preferred by the majority of panelists. One of them was selected for testing total phenolic content (680.31 ± 0.6 mg GAE/100g gummy candy), antioxidant activity (IC50 = 277 μg/mL), FTIR analysis, morphology examination, and storage stability. This study resulted in the development of gummy candies that not only offer a reduced-sugar product (50 %; equal to 12 % of sucrose) with high antioxidant activity but also eliminate the need for artificial flavors and synthetic colorants in the formulation.

Background: Herbs have been widely used in treating and managing various types of wounds. This study aims to analyze the research scope of utilizing herbal plant extracts for wound treatment. Methods: The method used in this study is to search for articles using the Dimensions application published from 2015-2023. Research is limited by selecting categories: Biomedical and clinical sciences, Biological sciences, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food sciences, and Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical sciences. The keywords used are "Herbs AND plant AND extracts AND wound healing." The search results in articles are then extracted using VOS-Viewer. The study used a minimum number of linkages of 10 terms. VOS-Viewer analysis shows that there are 4 clusters (red, green, blue, and yellow) that show the relationship between one topic and another. Results: Four keywords dominate each cluster: “medicinal plant,” “group,” “therapy,” and “cell.” Conclusions: VOS-viewer obtained information on the number of articles published about the use of herbal plant extracts for wound treatment, the number of publications each year, the most active authors in journal publications, and mapping from networks, overlays, and visuality density related to the novelty of research on the use of herbal plant extracts for wound treatment.

Relevance. Expansion of catalytic cracking feedstock resources both due to the need to intensify the process to increase the yield of target products (high-octane gasoline, light olefins) and to deepen oil refining through the utilization of low-margin streams at refineries. Along with this, there is an urgent need to develop domestic mathematical tools for optimizing the catalytic cracking, predicting the process performance when the modes and feedstock qualities changes, as well as planning of production. This requires in-depth analysis and detailed study of the composition of oil fractions involved in processing and thermodynamics and kinetics of a heterogeneous process. The development and application of a mathematical model of the catalytic cracking, taking into account the composition and properties of the components involved in processing, makes it possible to quantitatively assess the yield and quality of target and by-products depending on the composition, physicochemical properties of the mixed feedstock, and the parameters of the technological regime, with an assessment of the possibility of their processing at an existing industrial facility. Aim. Experimental study of the composition and properties of mixed feedstock of catalytic cracking based on vacuum gas oil containing 5 to 20 wt % of extract of selective cleaning of oils, distillate, residual slack wax, and deasphalted oil, and prediction of the catalytic cracking indicators during their co-processing using a mathematical model. Methods. Liquid chromatography method to study the composition of feedstock materials of the catalytic cracking in combination with a number of standard methods for determining physico-chemical properties. Results. Using a set of experimental studies, the authors have established the patterns of changes in the composition and physico-chemical properties of the components and mixed feedstock of catalytic cracking containing 5–20 wt % of distillate and residual slack wax, deasphalted oil, and extract. The results obtained were used in development of a mathematical model of the heterogeneous catalytic cracking of feedstock, which takes into account the composition of oil fractions involved in processing and the patterns of catalyst deactivation by coke. Using a mathematical model, the authors established the patterns of changes in the composition and yield of process products when 5–20 wt % were involved in processing distillate slack wax and extracts of selective cleaning of oils mixed with vacuum distillate. Practical recommendations were developed on the possibility of expanding the hydrocarbon feedstock of the catalytic cracking, taking into account the fuel or petrochemical regime.

Abstract Background Anopheles pharoensis has a major role in transmitting several human diseases, especially malaria, in Egypt?. Controlling Anopheles is considered as an effective strategy to eliminate the spread of malaria worldwide. Galaxaura rugosa is a species of red algae found in tropical to subtropical marine environments. The presence of G. rugosa is indicative of the ecosystem's overall health. The current work aims to investigate UPLC/ESI/MS profile of G. rugosa methanol and petroleum ether extracts and its activity against An. pharoensis and non-target organisms, Danio rerio and Daphnia magna. Methods Galaxaura rugosa specimens have been identified using DNA barcoding for the COI gene and verified as G. rugosa. The UPLC/ESI/MS profiling of G. rugosa collected from Egypt was described. The larvicidal and repellent activities of G. rugosa methanol and petroleum ether extracts against An. pharoensis were evaluated, as well as the toxicity of tested extracts on non-target organisms, Dan. rerio and Dap. magna. Results The UPLC/ESI/MS analysis of methanol and petroleum ether extracts led to the tentative identification of 57 compounds belonging to different phytochemical classes, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, phenyl propanoids. Larval mortality was recorded at 93.33% and 90.67% at 80 and 35 ppm of methanol and petroleum ether extracts, respectively, while pupal mortality recorded 44.44 and 22.48% at 35 and 30 ppm, respectively. Larval duration was recorded at 5.31 and 5.64 days by methanol and petroleum ether extracts at 80 and 35 ppm, respectively. A decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) level and a promotion in Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) level of An. pharoensis 3rd instar larvae were recorded by tested extracts. The petroleum ether extract was more effective against An. pharoensis starved females than methanol extract. Also, tested extracts recorded LC50 of 1988.8, 1365.1, and 11.65, 14.36 µg/mL against Dan. rerio, and Dap. magna, respectively. Conclusions Using red algae derivatives in An. pharoensis control could reduce costs and environmental impact and be harmless to humans and other non-target organisms.

Abstract Background Pain is a worldwide problem requiring an effective, affordable, non-addictive therapy. Using the edible plant broccoli, a growth protocol was developed to induce a concentrated combinatorial of potential anti-inflammatories in seedlings. Methods A growth method was utilized to produce a phenylpropanoid-rich broccoli sprout extract, referred to as Original Extract (OE). OE was concentrated and then resuspended for study of the effects on inflammation events. A rabbit disc model of inflammation and degeneration, and, a mouse model of pain behavior were used for in vivo and in vitro tests. To address aspects of mammalian metabolic processing, the OE was treated with the S9 liver microsome fraction derived from mouse, for use in a mouse in vivo study. Analytical chemistry was performed to identify major chemical species. Continuous variables were analyzed with a number of methods including ANOVA, and two-tailed t tests, as appropriate. Results In a rabbit spine (disc) injury model, inflammatory markers were reduced, and levels of regenerative markers were increased as a result of OE treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. In a mouse pain behavioral model, after treatment with S9 liver microsome fraction, the resultant extract significantly reduced early and late pain behavior in response to a pain stimulus. The OE itself reduced pain behavior in the mouse pain model, but did not achieve the level of significance observed for S9-treated extract. Analytical chemistry undertaken on the extract constituents revealed identities of the chemical species in OE, and how S9 liver microsome fraction treatment altered species identities and proportions. Conclusions In vitro and in vivo results indicate that the OE, and S9-treated OE broccoli extracts are worthwhile materials to develop a non-opiate inflammation and pain-reducing treatment.

Due to the damages caused by additives, artificials and chemical flavors, replacing them with medicinal plants is a good solution to improve quality properties and physicochemical characteristics. Despite the nutritional properties and high caloric value of ice cream, the amounts of its antioxidant compounds are very low, which can be added by adding plant and vegetable extracts. The aim of conducting this research was to investigate the effect of using Hymenocrater platystegius Rech.f. plant extract (0.1, 0.5 and 0.9%) on physicochemical (pH, overrun, melt resistance and color indexes), textural (hardness and adhesiveness), rheological (viscosity, consistency coefficient and flow behavior index), and sensorial properties of ice cream in comparison with the control sample. According to the results, with increasing Hymenocrater platystegius Rech.f. extract amount, pH of ice cream samples decreased and overrun and resistance to melting increased significantly. In the texture analyzing test, adding the Hymenocrater platystegius Rech.f. extract to the formulation of ice cream, Hardness and adhesiveness of samples increased significantly (P

Abstract Lacticaseibacillus is one of the predominant microorganisms in gut from human and animal, and the lacticaseibacillus have effective applications against the viral diarrhea of piglets in the farm. However, the function and the concrete cell single pathways of the active ingredient from lacticaseibacillus was not clear within anti-infection in the postbiotics research. Here, we compared the biological function of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) purified from lacticaseibacillus casei (L. casei) and gene editing lacticaseibacillus casei with the CRISPER-Cas9 technology, which were with the ability of antioxidation and anti-inflammation, and the EPS could also inhibit the ROS production within the Porcine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells-J2 (IPEC-J2). Interestingly, we found that both of EPS and genome editing lacticaseibacillus casei could specifically target the IFN-λ expression in the IPEC-J2, which was beneficial against the PEDV infection in the virus replication and production with the qRT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence methods. Finally, the STAT3 cell single pathway was stimulated to transcribe IFN-λ with the EPS to elucidate the detailed mechanism of activating type III IFN signals receptor of IL-10R2, which play the function between anti-inflammation and anti-virus in the PEDV infection. Taken together, our research linked a postbiotics of EPS with the antiviral infection of PEDV, which suggest that the lacticaseibacillus itself still have displayed the potential immunomodulatory activities, and highlight the immunomodulatory potential of EPS-producing microbes. Graphical Abstract

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of many plants has been reported as anthelmintic and anticoccidial because they possess active compounds. Excessive use of drugs has led to the emergence of drug-resistant Eimeria species. This study was designed to evaluate anticoccidial and anthelmintic activity of Achillea fragrantissima flower extract (AFFE) and leaves extract (AFLE). Infrared spectroscopy showed nine phytochemical compounds. Chemical examination revealed AF rich in phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. Flower extract showed the highest percentage inhibition of DPPH radical at 500 µg/mL (82.2%) compared to leaves extract (74.5%). AFFE and AFLE (100 mg/ml) caused paralysis and earthworm death by 13.67±1.96 and 15.25±2.48 min and 4.19±0.05 and 4.70±0.28 min, respectively, compared to mebendazole. In histological study, a clear defect was found in surface architecture of treated groups of worms with extract. At 96 h, significant inhibition (100%) of process sporulation for E. papillata oocyst was observed when exposed to AFFE (300 and 200 mg/mL), while AFLE was 98.4 and 96%, respectively. Additionally, amprolium, DettolTM, phenol, and formalin 5% showed different levels of inhibition. Results revealed anticoccidial and anthelmintic activities of AFFE and AFLE, which encourages conducting many in vivo studies to find an effective and cheap treatment.

Diabetes is a type of metabolic disorder, which is the cause of many dangerous complications. Ensete glaucum (Musaceae family) has active ingredients with antioxidant and hypoglycemic characteristics in some parts of the plant. This study investigates the ability to reduce blood sugar based on the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes of Ensete glaucum stem extract. The results indicated that 70% ethanol, a material ratio of 1/30, and a temperature of 65oC for 360 minutes are the optimal conditions for the extraction process. Sonication has an extraction efficiency that is 1.8 times greater than that of a thermostatic bath or shaker. With the above conditions, the total polyphenol contents of the upper and the lower stem samples combined with sonication are higher than those without sonication. The ability to capture 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals of the extract used with sonication in the upper stem is four times higher than without sonication. In addition, the presence of sonication increases the capacity to inhibit the α-amylase enzyme (IC50 of the upper stem is 29.94 g/mL, the lower stem is 16.42 g/mL), compared to the absence of sonication (IC50 of the upper stem is 36 g/mL, the lower stem is 26.72 g/mL). Similar to the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme when using sonication (IC50 of the upper stem is 71.04 µg/mL, the lower stem is 91.91 µg/mL) is higher than not using sonication (IC50 of the upper stem is 142.99 µg/mL, the lower stem is 129.88 µg/mL). In general, the inhibition of α-amylase enzyme was higher than α–glucosidase enzyme in all extracts. In addition, the presence of sonication increased the polyphenol content, DPPH free radical scavenging, and hypoglycemic capacity of Ensete glaucum stem extract.

Plants are a source of valuable organic chemical compounds with complex structures rich in therapeutic activities. The encapsulation of compounds in nanostructured systems is an alternative to avoid limitations, such as instability and low solubility, and to promote therapeutic use. The objective of the present review was to summarize the data in the literature on the physicochemical characteristics, biomedical efficacy, and toxicity of nanostructures containing extracts and oils obtained from annatto (Bixa orellana). For this, searches were conducted in the CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, FSTA, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies that carried out the development, physical-chemical characterization, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and/or in vitro, in vivo, or clinical toxicity of nanostructures containing extracts and oils derived from annatto were included in the review. Of the 708 articles found, nine met the inclusion criteria. The included studies developed different nanostructures (nanofibers, nanocochleates, chitosan, lipid, polymeric, and metallic nanoparticles). These nanostructures showed leishmanicidal, photoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory efficacy, and tissue regeneration potential with no or low toxic effects in the tested models. Thus, the present work supports the nanostructuring of annatto extracts and oils as a relevant approach to the development of new technologies for biomedical applications.

Background: Previous studies of the hydroethanolic extract of Virola elongata inner stem bark (HEVe) have demonstrated its antioxidant, gastroprotective, and antiulcer properties, but have not evaluated its anti-inflammatory potential. Methods: HEVe was obtained by maceration and phytochemically analyzed. Its systemic anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis in mice. HEVe gel (HEgVe) was employed to evaluate topical anti-inflammatory activity by measuring the ear edema resulting from croton-oil-induced dermatitis in mice. A cell viability assay was conducted to determine the non-cytotoxic concentrations of the HEVe. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by LPS to determinate cytokine and nitric oxide production. Results: A phytochemical analysis of the HEVe revealed the presence of phenolic acids, neolignans, flavonoids, and monomeric catechins. The oral treatment of acute peritonitis with HEVe reduced the total leukocytes, neutrophils, TNF-α, and IL-1β and elevated IL-10 levels. The application of the HEgVe reduced local edema. The HEVe on the RAW 264.7 cells exhibited no cytotoxicity, and the cells with HEVe displayed reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO levels and increased IL-13 levels. Conclusions: HEVe demonstrated systemic and topical multitarget anti-inflammatory activity, likely due to the combined effects of secondary metabolites. HEVe emerges as a promising herbal remedy for inflammation with minimal cytotoxicity, emphasizing its potential therapeutic significance.