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"Theorizing security-pandemic aspects and variables for post-pandemic architecture" refers to creating propositions and theory systems for the security-pandemic aspects and variables in the presence of pandemic and health issues and the consequences of changing hybrid activities within living-working space. COVID-19 has caused changes in architecture, especially in the context of the security pandemic. Architecture needs different strategies to help prevent disease in the future. A theorizing theory involves classification and interpreted terms, network analysis, and creating propositions and theories based on aspects and variables. The findings are 3 new interpretations of aspects, 14 sub-aspects of security-pandemic theory, and 23 security-pandemic variables that can be used as strategies in architecture design. The interconnection between aspects (dynamics, distancing, and living-working pattern), sub-aspects, and variables are connected regarding control, prevention, and deterring patterns for disease spread through person-to-person and media/surface-to-person. These findings will support future research in preventive measures in post-pandemic architecture, creating innovative building and green code certifications for security-pandemic theory or modifying the existing codes and green certifications. • Reviewed of total 109 articles for identification of security-pandemic theory. • Network analysis for theorizing dynamics, social distancing and hybrid living-working. • A new security-pandemic theory is proposed to adapt new change in post-pandemic. • A total 3 aspects and 14 sub-aspects proposed in security-pandemic theory. • A total 23 variables (16 new and 7 existing variables with changes of terms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper present the procedure and advantages of conducting an interior design project in order to achieve the quality of a built facility, making savings on construction and final evaluation of an accomplished project task.

Resumen En el libro, A topology of everyday constellations, Georges Teyssot expone los temas que va persiguiendo hace décadas, manteniendo su ya conocido registro erudito y denso. Como un flâneur intenta desentrañar la espesura compleja de las tramas de lo cotidiano para de forma desvelar la nueva condición del habitante que se ve confrontado, en los dos últimos siglos, con cambios estructurales a un ritmo anteriormente desconocido. Siguiendo caminos trazados por Charles Baudelaire, Georg Simmel, Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault o Gilles Deleuze, entre otros, Teyssot aborda la forma como la tecnología cambia la naturaleza de la civilización, el modo en que el anonimato y la emergencia de la sociedad de masas transforman el habitar de los territorios urbanos, y como cambian también las concepciones de intimidad, privacidad, domesticidad e interioridad. En este libro presenta un retrato de las transformaciones de los habitares íntimo y urbano desde el final del siglo XVIII hasta nuestros días, persiguiendo, como un investigador forense, las pistas que podrán explicar las transformaciones en los diferentes ámbitos del habitar. Los diversos temas que Teyssot va presentando se conjugan hacia la construcción de una cartografía de las fisuras, de las transformaciones, de los lapsos y de las superposiciones sentidas por el individuo de la metrópoli en su cambiante condición urbana e íntima. Los espacios intersticiales, las líneas de sombra o las zonas indefinidas surgen como polos de atracción en las observaciones que Teyssot reúne en este libro. Abstract In the book A topology of everyday constellations, Georges Teyssot exposes the topics he has been pursuing for decades, maintaining his already well-known scholarly and dense register. Like a flâneur, he tries to unravel the complex thickness of the daily plot to reveal the new condition of the inhabitant who has been confronted in the last two centuries with structural changes at a previously unknown rhythm. Following paths traced by Charles Baudelaire, Georg Simmel, Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault or Gilles Deleuze, among others, Teyssot discusses how technology changes the nature of civilization, how anonymity and the emergence of mass society transform dwelling in the urban territories, and how the conceptions of intimacy, privacy, domesticity and interiority also change. In this book he presents a portrait of the transformations of the intimate and urban habitats from the end of the eighteenth century until today, pursuing, as a forensic investigator, the clues that can explain the transformations in the different domains of dwelling. The various themes that Teyssot is presenting are combined to construct a map of the fissures, the transformations, the lapses and the overlapping felt by the individual of the metropolis in its changing urban and intimate condition. In this book, interstitial spaces, shadow lines, or indefinite zones emerge as poles of attraction in Teyssot’s observations.

This paper discusses the visual mechanisms of seeing and their significance in experiencing an interior space. The discussion investigates what the observers can obtain from seeing activities. The aim is to emphasise on the role of seeing as a way of constructing the relation between human and the interior environment. The paper explores the mechanisms of seeing by focusing on two different ways, which are seeing in a static position from a point of observation, and seeing while moving through a path of observation. The exploration in a hospital setting finds out that seeing from a point of observation gave a visual range determined by the body's shaft motion, head motion, and eye movement. This way of seeing produces visual information on interior space, which consists of vertical and horizontal fields. Seeing while moving will create a path of observation that gave an optical flow containing dynamic and continuous visual information. The understanding of seeing mechanisms in interior environment can generate a design with better human-interior relation.

The dream of space produces forms is a study on space as the place that most surprises and excites us in architecture. Space understood as an invention of three-dimensional shapes that particularly show their ability to provide above justified needs, the possibility of revising the way they are used. By abstracting these spaces from their environment and context, we seek through this study to explore the relationship between the section and the volume of the space, and in doing so, recognize the design mechanisms, whether rational or intuitive, that we have used in establishing the spatial layout. We are aware that this thought on the actual project experience must be part of the architect´s work, and that it ultimately represents the search for the givens and constants that are present in the architecture of any time or place.

An animated interior represents a departure from the idea of interior space as a permanent and timeless entity. The understanding of animated characters in the interior allows for the emergence of our complex relationship with space through various forms of engagement. The understanding of an animated interior offers further possibilities that become the basis of design practice. This issue of the Interiority journal presents a collection of inquiries and approaches that reveal various animated qualities of the interior in various contexts. The articles address the character of the interior, which is dynamic and dependent upon various temporal conditions of inhabitation. At the same time, they demonstrate the possible design practices that could emerge from the understanding of animated interiors.

Abstract Oxygen is a promising exoplanet biosignature due to the evolutionary advantage conferred by harnessing starlight for photosynthesis, and the apparent low likelihood of maintaining oxygen‐rich atmospheres without life. Hypothetical scenarios have been proposed for non‐biological oxygen accumulation on planets around late M‐dwarfs, where the extended pre‐main sequence may favor abiotic O2 accumulation. In contrast, abiotic oxygen accumulation on planets around F, G, and K‐type stars is seemingly less likely, provided they possess substantial non‐condensable gas inventories. The comparative robustness of oxygen biosignatures around larger stars has motivated plans for next‐generation telescopes capable of oxygen detection on planets around sun‐like stars. However, the general tendency of terrestrial planets to develop oxygen‐rich atmospheres across a broad range of initial conditions and evolutionary scenarios has not been explored. Here, we use a coupled thermal‐geochemical‐climate model of terrestrial planet evolution to illustrate three scenarios whereby significant abiotic oxygen can accumulate around sun‐like stars, even when significant noncondensable gas inventories are present. For Earth‐mass planets, we find abiotic oxygen can accumulate to modern levels if (1) the CO2:H2O ratio of the initial volatile inventory is high, (2) the initial water inventory exceeds ∼50 Earth oceans, or (3) the initial water inventory is very low (

In this study, it is aimed to determine the satisfaction levels of the participants regarding the problems experienced by the accessories and hardware used in the production and assembly of interior fittings. For this purpose, the opinions of the participants were determined through a questionnaire developed according to the purpose of the study. The data obtained from 206 residential users through the questionnaire were evaluated with statistical methods and discussed within the findings section in a systematic order. As a result, it was determined that a significant portion of the participants experienced various problems such as creaking noise, rusting, aging, breakage and deterioration related to the accessories and hardware used in interior fittings depending on the duration of use, and that these problems increased in long term. Most of the accessories and hardware which caused such problems, were mainly the drawer rails, handles, furniture legs, fasteners, furniture wheels and stone hinges.

One objective of a lander mission to Jupiter's icy moon Europa is to detect liquid water within 30 km as well as characterizing the subsurface ocean. In order to satisfy this objective, water within the ice shell must also be identified. Inductive electromagnetic (EM) methods are optimal for water detection on Europa because even a small fraction of dissolved salts will make water orders of magnitude more electrically conductive than the ice shell. Compared to induction studies by the Galileo spacecraft, measurements of higher-frequency ambient EM fields are necessary to resolve the shallower depths of intrashell water. Although these fields have been mostly characterized by prior missions, their unknown source structures and plasma properties do not allow EM sounding using a single surface magnetometer or the orbit-to-surface magnetic transfer function, respectively. Instead, broadband EM sounding can be accomplished from a single surface station using the magnetotelluric (MT) method, which measures horizontal electric fields as well as the three-component magnetic field. We have developed a prototype Europa Magnetotelluric Sounder (EMS) to meet the measurement requirements in the relevant thermal, vacuum, and radiation environment. EMS comprises central electronics, a fluxgate magnetometer on a mast, and three ballistically deployed electrodes to measure differences in surface electric potential. In this paper, we describe EMS development and testing as well as providing supporting information on the concept of operations and calculations on water detectability. EMS can uniquely determine the occurrence of intrashell water on Europa, providing important constraints on habitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Megaron is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Sanat ve Tasarim Dergisi is the property of Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experience of game intrinsic space is an architectural mode of perception more congruent to actual experiences of physically real architecture than to filmic space. This paper thus centres on the aesthetics of production, concerning the game worlds' geometry, level structures and game mechanics, within the broader context of how sf and computer games are inextricably merged. This is to investigate how game intrinsic spaces communicate properties of sf or a media-specific 'science fiction-ness' through their aesthetics and digital condition. By first building a foundation on the topic of singular space and its liminality, I will then proceed with a few remarks on sf theory, sf imagery and the staging of (im)possible worlds in relation to the concept of ontological possibility space. For this purpose, I refer to two authors of sf theory: Vivian Sobchack and Simon Spiegel. Based on these two sections, I will give an introductory overview on game intrinsic space, its non-linear properties and the incorporation of the player. Here, differences between filmic and game intrinsic space will also be emphasised through a brief discussion. Thus, sf theory and film theory are interwoven with spatial theory and game studies in order to analyse the ontological possibility space that goes beyond the player-character's everyday experience in actuality. Several examples clarify the theoretical groundwork while Portal 2 (2011) and Echo (2017) function as case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of the radio tracking of the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging spacecraft and Earth-based radar measurements of the planet's spin state gives three fundamental quantities for the determination of the interior structure of Mercury: mean density ρ, moment of inertia C, and moment of inertia of the outer solid shell C m. This work focuses on the additional information that can be gained by a determination of the change in gravitational potential due to planetary tides, as parameterized by the tidal potential Love number k2. We investigate the tidal response for sets of interior models that are compatible with the available constraints (ρ, C, and Cm). We show that the tidal response correlates with the size of the liquid core and the mean density of material below the outer solid shell and that it is affected by the rheology of the outer solid shell of the planet, which depends on its temperature and mineralogy. For a mantle grain size of 1cm, we calculate that the tidal k 2 of Mercury is in the range 0.45 to 0.52. Some of the current models for the interior structure of Mercury are compatible with the existence of a solid FeS layer at the top of the core. Such a layer, if present, would increase the tidal response of the planet. Key Points We present models of the tidal deformation of Mercury based on MESSENGER results Tides are sensitive to size and density of the core and rheology of outer shell The presence of a FeS layer would increase the tidal response ©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

The combination of the radio tracking of the MESSENGER spacecraft and Earth-based radar measurements of the planet's spin state gives three fundamental quantities for the determination of the interior structure of Mercury: mean density \rho, moment of inertia C, and moment of inertia of the outer solid shell Cm. This work focuses on the additional information that can be gained by a determination of the change in gravitational potential due to planetary tides, as parametrized by the tidal potential Love number k2. We investigate the tidal response for sets of interior models that are compatible with the available constraints (\rho, C, and Cm). We show that the tidal response correlates with the size of the liquid core and the mean density of material below the outer solid shell, and that it is affected by the rheology of the outer solid shell of the planet, which depends on its temperature and mineralogy. For a mantle grain-size of 1~cm, we calculate that the tidal k2 of Mercury is in the range 0.45 to 0.52. Some of the current models for the interior structure of Mercury are compatible with the existence of a solid FeS layer at the top of the core. Such a layer, if present, would increase the tidal response of the planet.

The article studies the creation of a paludarium when organizing the interior space of residential and office premises. The main stages of designing a paludarium are considered. Based on the ecological and morphological features of plants, the assortment of species that can be used when planting in the water and coastal parts of the paludarium has been determined. Thanks to the controlled habitat of plants, the paludarium will ensure long-term preservation of their decorative qualities, increase the vitality and, thus, prolong the life of green spaces.

The surface zonal winds observed in the giant planets form a complex jet pattern with alternating prograde and retrograde direction. While the main equatorial band is prograde on the gas giants, both ice giants have a pronounced retrograde equatorial jet.We use three-dimensional numerical models of compressible convection in rotating spherical shells to explore the properties of zonal flows in different regimes where either rotation or buoyancy dominates the force balance. We conduct a systematic parameter study to quantify the dependence of zonal flows on the background density stratification and the driving of convection.In our numerical models, we find that the direction of the equatorial zonal wind is controlled by the ratio of the global-scale buoyancy force and the Coriolis force. The prograde equatorial band maintained by Reynolds stresses is found in the rotation-dominated regime. In cases where buoyancy dominates Coriolis force, the angular momentum per unit mass is homogenized and the equatorial band is retrograde, reminiscent to those observed in the ice giants. In this regime, the amplitude of the zonal jets depends on the background density contrast with strongly stratified models producing stronger jets than comparable weakly stratified cases. Furthermore, our results can help to explain the transition between solar-like (i.e. prograde at the equator) and the "anti-solar" differential rotations (i.e. retrograde at the equator) found in anelastic models of stellar convection zones.In the strongly stratified cases, we find that the leading order force balance can significantly vary with depth. While the flow in the deep interior is dominated by rotation, buoyancy can indeed become larger than Coriolis force in a thin region close to the surface. This so-called "transitional regime" has a visible signature in the main equatorial jet which shows a pronounced dimple where flow amplitudes notably decay towards the equator. A similar dimple is observed on Jupiter, which suggests that convection in the planet interior could possibly operate in this regime. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

The recent determination of the gravity field of Mercury and new Earth-based radar observations of the planet's spin state afford the opportunity to explore Mercury's internal structure. These observations provide estimates of two measures of the radial mass distribution of Mercury: the normalized polar moment of inertia and the fractional polar moment of inertia of the solid portion of the planet overlying the liquid core. Employing Monte Carlo techniques, we calculate several million models of the radial density structure of Mercury consistent with its radius and bulk density and constrained by these moment of inertia parameters. We estimate that the top of the liquid core is at a radius of 2020 ± 30 km, the mean density above this boundary is 3380 ± 200 kg m-3, and the density below the boundary is 6980 ± 280 kg m-3. We find that these internal structure parameters are robust across a broad range of compositional models for the core and planet as a whole. Geochemical observations of Mercury's surface by MESSENGER indicate a chemically reducing environment that would favor the partitioning of silicon or both silicon and sulfur into the metallic core during core-mantle differentiation. For a core composed of Fe-S-Si materials, the thermodynamic properties at elevated pressures and temperatures suggest that an FeS-rich layer could form at the top of the core and that a portion of it may be presently solid. Key PointsNew MESSENGER and Earth-based radar data provide Mercury's moments of inertiaMercury's core-mantle boundary is 420 +/- 30 km below the planet's surfaceThe core may be compositionally segregated ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

The recent determination of the gravity field of Mercury and new Earth-based radar observations of the planet's spin state afford the opportunity to explore Mercury's internal structure. These observations provide estimates of two measures of the radial mass distribution of Mercury: the normalized polar moment of inertia and the fractional polar moment of inertia of the solid portion of the planet overlying the liquid core. Employing Monte Carlo techniques, we calculate several million models of the radial density structure of Mercury consistent with its radius and bulk density and constrained by these moment of inertia parameters. We estimate that the top of the liquid core is at a radius of 2020 ± 30 km, the mean density above this boundary is 3380 ± 200 kg m-3, and the density below the boundary is 6980 ± 280 kg m-3. We find that these internal structure parameters are robust across a broad range of compositional models for the core and planet as a whole. Geochemical observations of Mercury's surface by MESSENGER indicate a chemically reducing environment that would favor the partitioning of silicon or both silicon and sulfur into the metallic core during core-mantle differentiation. For a core composed of Fe-S-Si materials, the thermodynamic properties at elevated pressures and temperatures suggest that an FeS-rich layer could form at the top of the core and that a portion of it may be presently solid. Key PointsNew MESSENGER and Earth-based radar data provide Mercury's moments of inertiaMercury's core-mantle boundary is 420 +/- 30 km below the planet's surfaceThe core may be compositionally segregated ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

The paper initially proves that locally finite covering (LFC-, for short) rough set structures are interior and closure operators. To be precise, given an LFC-space (U , C) , we prove that the lower H-rough set operator H ∗ is an interior operator and the upper H-rough set operator H ∗ is a closure operator. Besides, we prove a duality of the concept approximations (H ∗ , H ∗) and investigate many theoretical and mathematical properties of the H-rough set operators. After pointing out that Khalimsky (K-, for brevity) topological rough set operators have their own features, we prove that the K-topological lower (resp. upper) approximation operator is not an interior (resp. closure) operator from the viewpoint of K-topology. Besides, we intensively investigate theoretical and mathematical properties of the K-topological rough set operators. This research area can be considered as a part of geometric-based rough set theory. These obtained results can promote the studies of rough set theory associated with information geometry, object classification, artificial or computational intelligence, and so on. In the present paper, each of the sets U, C and X (⊆ U) need not be finite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The purpose of this study was to conduct a feasibility analysis to determine the steps in the management and development of furniture businesses in Studio Inside Surabaya. The aspects which were studied were the legal, market and marketing, technical and operational, natural resource and financial aspects. The legal aspect: Interior Business and Custom Furniture Studio Inside have obtained approval from the surrounding community to carry out the company’s activities and the SIUP of the company is in the process of making the deed. The market and marketing aspect: Interior Business and Custom Furniture Studio Inside have been able to maintain the business environment conditions with PEST analysis, maintain the industrial structure with the Five Force Model Porter, analyze STP, and describe the marketing mix. Technical and operational aspects: the Interior Business and Custom Furniture Studio Inside have fulfilled the element of feasibility because of their strategic location and workshop layout that is able to support the company’s activities to the maximum and has established a clear SOP. The human resources aspect: the Interior and Custom Furniture Studio Inside Business has fulfilled the element of eligibility because the organizational structure and position description have been well established. Financial aspects: the Interior Business and Custom Furniture Studio Inside have fulfilled the element of eligibility because the PP, NPV, and PI values have met the conditions under normal and optimistic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypersoft sets have gained more importance as a generalization of soft sets and have been investigated for possible extensions in many fields of mathematics. The main objective of this paper is to introduce Fuzzy Hypersoft Topology and study some of its properties such as neighbourhood of fuzzy hypersoft set, interior hypersoft set and closure fuzzy hypersoft set. Fuzzy hypersoft topology is then extended to Intuitionistic Hypersoft topology, Neutrosophic Hypersoft topology and its basic properties are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With respect to the Alexandrov fuzzy topologies induced by the generalized fuzzy approximation spaces, Wang defined interior of fuzzy set. In this paper, we give the closure of fuzzy set and discuss some properties of the interior and closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article sets out to review the films of Chantal Akerman, mainly those that she made in the 1970s and 1980s, observing how her filmmaking formulates a journey to and from the home against the background of the historical scene post 1968. Through a selection of examples, I will argue that the singularities of her filmmaking—the exploration of suspended time, the preference for a frontal gaze at the female body, or the inclination to autobiography, being the most noteworthy traits—have their basis in her critical observation of the life of women in social spaces, and also in a commitment to their emancipation through desire. Seen in perspective, the path that Akerman takes is one of unstable—though coherent—movement through the rejection of domesticity as the place from which the oppression of women originates, the flight from this (in other words, nomadism), and a search for other interiors that function as the opposite of the family home. These other interiors are empty and anonymous rooms where time and the rules that govern society are suspended, where Akerman herself, or other characters who are her alter ego, go from one corporeal state to another, carrying out the basic activities of the body, such as eating, sleeping or having sex.

The article is devoted to the development of the Higher Art and Technical Studios (VKHUTEMAS) during the 1920s-1930s, and it illustrates the methods of training employed there. At that time, the theory and practice of Russian design developed in the field of furniture and interior equipment. The article considers the background and the factors that influenced the development of furniture design forms in the style of Russian constructivism, as well as the avant-garde art trajectory during this period.

The study aims to analyse the image and function of the house-space, the role of objects inside the house, and their relation to the inner world of the heroine, Anna Akimovna, in Chekhov’s A Woman’s Kingdom. Anna Akimovna’s house is a typical Russian merchant house divided into two floors: upstairs and downstairs. Her life, too, is divided into two parts: her happy and carefree childhood spent in a popular, peripheral area in Moscow and her current life as the owner of a successful factory with all the responsibilities that entails. Now she lives upstairs, that place where she receives intellectual and particular guests. The downstairs floor, on the contrary, is the place of traditional life; in that place live the old aunt and the old woman cook, there the pilgrim women receive guests. This definite spatial subdivision corresponds to a temporal rhythm found in the division of Christmas, which Anna Akimovna delineates as she anxiously crosses between the upstairs and downstairs spheres throughout the day. Much as the house is divided, so is the day. It is separated into four movements that proceed according to ceremony, which never changes, but Anna desires change and hopes her destiny will be fulfilled through her possible marriage to Pimenov. Although Anna Akimovna seeks an escape from her loneliness, her dream will remain a mirage that cannot be fulfilled neither upstairs nor downstairs because she seems to be condemned to live in a ‘middle territory’ without exit. This story was considered by Robert L. Jackson and Carol A. Flath a four act drama, but, in my opinion, this two level-spatial structure is something else: it reminds us of a traditional vertep (old Russian puppet theatre in Christmas time).

This article examines John Ruskin’s role in the enclosure and decoration of the Central Hall at Wallington, Northumberland, a project set in motion from 1852 by Lady Pauline Jermyn Trevelyan, artist, intellect, and patron of the Pre-Raphaelite circle. It challenges the frequent limitation of Ruskin’s involvement, through examining the project’s wider context. Originally intended itself as a private museum, the Hall was developed during a rich period which witnessed the linked genesis of the Oxford Museum, along with the publication of some of Ruskin’s key works, read and reviewed by Lady Trevelyan. The three principles upon which Ruskin believed the Oxford Museum should be built, published in 1859, are employed as a lens through which to compare Lady Trevelyan’s Central Hall. Finally, the Wallington project is interrogated in relation to Ruskin’s views on art education, particularly considering the opportunities it provided for female practitioners.

Mundo interior (1880, Machado de Assis) shows how the author anticipated concepts of space that would be expounded many years later by the phenomenological philosopher, Gaston Bachelard. In the poem, the vast outdoor landscape, both geographic and human, has a corresponding and inverse relationship with a profundity of contemplation. Examples from the novel Quincas Borba, where characters are drawn to look outside through windows when they are engaged in their innermost thoughts, show how the pattern of “immense intimacy” extends beyond the poem in question into the imagery of Machado’s fictional works.

The article presents the relationship between sunlight and the atmosphere of the architecture of the Ark of the Lord Church in Krakow and outlines the history of this church. The research method was based on analysis of the design in the personal perceptual experience of the article’s author. The article defines the ‘atmosphere of architecture’ concept that is adopted in the study. The relationship between sunlight and architecture was examined in terms of the exposure of the physical properties of architecture and the astrophysical nature of sunlight. The analysis confirmed the strict dependence between light and atmosphere in the Ark of the Lord Church: sunlight is a form-creating factor in architecture that is related not only to the use of translucent materials, but also to the shape and spatial structure of the massing of the church. This light is an effective means of building a sacred atmosphere.

Buildings preservation by the conversion of their function has become a domain of interest in the field of industrial heritage. Due to the need to expand existing housing capacities in urban areas, a large number of industrial buildings are nowadays converted into multi-family and single-family housing. The paper deals with the analysis of the functional and aesthetic internal transformation of industrial into housing spaces. The research goal is to determine the principles of conceptualization of housing functional plan within the framework of the original physical structure of the industrial building, at the architectonic composition level and housing unit (dwelling) level. Besides, the paper aims to check the existence of common patterns of the aesthetic transformation of converted spaces, examined through three epochs of the development of industrial architecture: the second half of the XIX century, the first half of the XX century and the post-WWII period.

Museum dioramas are widely recognised as historic visual tropes used to frame the grandeur of the outside world within an interior viewing space. With the development of digital technologies, data projection and soundscape have increasingly replaced diorama production as a means to transform these once static-animal-posed-in-painted- habitat with immersive interiors that engage the visual and aural senses alike. Andre Breton proposes that two modes of consciousness exist: an exterior world of facts and an interior world of emotions. These interiors and exteriors produce an interface and exchange. An invitation to respond to the interior of RMIT University’s First Site gallery provided an opportunity to experiment with the three traditional dioramic elements used to bring the exterior world into an interior employing taxidermy, model making and set painting. By engaging digital technologies in response to these three elements, I developed a sensorial interior, where the exterior world of facts was set into dialogue with the interior world of emotion. A physical encounter that expanded on ‘interior’ as an experiential, relational, phenomenal and emotive space.

One of the important factors that significantly affects the intensity and content of training and determines the performance it the horse interior. Character and temperament traits are described in the breeding goals of each breed of horse. The aim of this study was to analyze the horse interior and comparison the interior characteristics of two studied horse breeds Slovak warmblood horses and Lipizzan horses. Into the analysis were included 65 horses from National Stud Farm Topoľčianky, Slovak warmblood horses (n1 = 33) and Lipizzan horses (n2 = 32).Interior was analyzed through a questionnaire with 13 indicators with 10 point system, where 10 being the highest rating. Slovak warmblood horses become the highest ratings (average 89.1 pt, 74.42%) and Lipizzan horses (86.1 pt, 66.2%), so both breeds of horses can be considered as the breeds with balanced characteristics of temperament and character. But Lipizzan horses are more balanced, because their results had lower variability. There were insignificant differences between the analyzed horses in the studied breeds. Nevertheless, a several analyzes of individual indicators showed that between the Slovak warmblood horses and Lipizzan horses there is a significant difference in a single indicator of interior - 10 - Stress managing. In particular, it has been shown that Lipizzan horses manage stress significantly better than Slovak warmblood horses.

We present calculations of interior models of Mercury that are constrained to match Mercury's mean density, normalized moment of inertia factor (MoI), and 88 days libration amplitude. We show that models matching a MoI = 0.333 ± 0.005, based on a recent obliquity measurement require a new perspective on Mercury's interior. Specifically, we confirm the mandatory presence of a large inner core > 600 km in radius which, however, leads to lower mantle densities in comparison to previous models and implies a mantle with > 5wt.% C, > 10wt.% magnesium sulfide (MgS), or is partially convecting. Furthermore, we also show that the core radius is lower than previous estimates, making it inconsistent with current estimates from magnetic induction measurements. In addition, the requirement of low viscosities in the lower mantle to match recent estimates of k2 imply a significantly weaker mantle than previously believed, potentially including partial melting. Plain Language Summary: The precise orientation of Mercury's axis of rotation in space (the obliquity) depends on the planet's moment of inertia (MoI). The MoI gives a measure of the radial distribution of mass in the interior of a planet. Here, we construct models of the interior of Mercury that match MoI values that have been deduced from observations of its rotational state. We show that models that match the MoI based on a recent obliquity measurement force a new perspective on Mercury's interior structure. In particular, they feature a large solid inner core, a mantle density which is lower compared to that expected of typical terrestrial planets implying a different composition with more light elements included into Mercury's mantle. Interior models also feature a warmer core and a warmer mantle which places new constraints on how Mercury evolved and how melting has led to volcanism in its past. Key Points: We present calculations of Mercury interior models constrained to match its normalized polar moment of inertia (MoI)We confirm that models matching a MoI = 0.333 ± 0.005 require large inner core sizesThe new constraints imply a lower mantle density and a higher core temperature [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BepiColombo Laser Altimeter (BELA) is the first European laser altimeter constructed for interplanetary flight. BELA uses a 50 mJ pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at 10 Hz with a 20 cm aperture receiver to perform the ranging. The instrument also uses a digital approach for range detection and pulse analysis. The ranging accuracy is expected to be better than 2 metres and ∼20 cm in optimum conditions. With the given, only slightly elliptical, orbit, BELA should return a consistent data set for the most if not all of the planet. The instrument is required to function in an extreme environment with the thermal issues being particularly demanding. Novel solutions have been taken to resolve these issues. BELA is described in detail and its predicted performance outlined on the basis of pre-flight testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late XX- early XXI centuries throughout the world is characterized by the rapid development of technology in all areas of production. The introduction of information technology into the practice of architectural design opens up wide design possibilities. The development of materials manufacturing technology has a significant impact on the shaping in interior design. The emergence of new materials has created a turning point in the work of architects and designers. Innovative technologies for the preparation of materials have opened up a wide range of opportunities for them to realize new forms. In particular, the emergence of modern pan materials has given many advantages to the design and production processes of furniture, which is a key element of the interior. The role of special design programs in solving these problems in modern times is undeniable. The use of innovative technologies and software by architects and designers opens up a range of opportunities for them in the design process. The visual appearance of the projects ensures solution of all issues of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for new solutions for identification, identity and individuality in the hotel industry has led to creation of hotels in buildings, the original function of which has been exhausted. Such an approach to modern adaptation of degraded objects is important both for their effective use and for successful development of urban environment. Hotels created in redesigned facilities are interesting because their design solution preserves evidence of previous function of structure and this fact forms a sense of time travel in the visitors' view. An analytical study was carried out at the following hotel industry facilities: Hotel Emma (USA), which was renovated from the brewery; 21c Museum Hotels Oklahoma City (USA) located at the premises of the FordMotor Company plant; Hotel Cycle (Japan) is located in the former marine warehouse, as well as Hotel Waterhouse (China) opened in the warehouse building and Hotel Alila Yangshuo (China) was created on the site of an abandoned sugar mill. The paper reveals design solutions that convey specifics of old buildings in their new function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to address the work of the interior in the architecture of Lacaton and Vassal. Integral to the overall argument is the claim that the interior does not have an essential nature. It is thus the site of different forms of life. The linkage to life is intended to create the conditions for actual critical refection on the presence either of claims about the interior in general or projected specific designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2020-21 pandemic threw many of us into a forced exploration of our domestic interiors. For some, the limited contact with the exterior world provoked a need for a refuge and escape: the recurrence of the interior eventually gave way to our interiorities. Looking for ways to simultaneously materialise and circumvent a spatial, intimate, and spiritual sense of self, this visual essay borrows the sumptuous patterns and textures of the interior in Kitagawa Utamaro's 1788 erotic print, Lovers in an Upstairs Room (Figure 01). These, cut-out as inspired by the block-printing process, have been layered with my own absolutely mundane, domestic setting. At the same time, two fragmentary voices, one ekphrastic and one auto-theoretical, mirror the print and the graphic layering, creating a third text by overlapping. These voices host a multiplicity of others: from the mystical classic The Interior Castle, 1577, by the sickly, cloistered, Spanish nun Teresa of Ávila, which describes an ecstatic topography of the soul; to Canadian poet Lisa Robertson's 2003 'Soft Architecture: A Manifesto,' which calls for softness as a form of resistance; and for description as a mystical practice: 'Practice description. Description is mystical. Can the crash of voices, cultures, and imagery add up to one particular description? Can this description of one's interiority at a very specific time build connections between tangible and immaterial, ordinary and extraordinary? Can there be a secular, soft topography of the self, of one's interior castle, able to resist the advances of a hostile reality? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Sustainability is currently one of the main issues in all media and in society as a whole and is increasingly discussed in science from different sides and areas. Especially for the automotive industry, sustainability becomes more and more important due to corporate scandals in the past and topics such as electric motors, lightweight construction and CO2 emission reduction are key issues. Although the focus is primarily on other components, the interior cannot be neglected either in terms of sustainability. Interior is the most frequently seen part of the car by the driver. Therefore, e.g. the use of natural fibres especially for premium brands can only be considered in connection with highest standards regarding practical and aesthetical aspects. Consequently, the following research question arises: How do the three pillars of sustainability (economical, ecological and social issues) influence interior development at premium brand manufacturers and how do customers accept sustainable solutions? The focus of the paper is exclusively on premium brands due to the higher spread of sustainability effects compared to volume brands. A quantitative study is carried out to determine the expectations on the customer side regarding more sustainability in the automotive industry in general and in the interior sector in particular and to derive corresponding challenges and potentials for original equipment manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]