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Deep Breathing Exercise is one of the nonpharmacological management that is an effective method of reducing anxiety in patients undergoing surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Deep Breathing Exercise on anxiety levels in patients pre surgery Sectio Caesarea at Lavalette Hospital of Malang. The research design used was pre experimental design with one group pretest postest design. The sample in this research is 26 respondents. Sampling using purposive sampling, data collection using questionnaires and interviews using the HARS scale. The result of this research was obtained pretest data of Deep Breathing Exercise of anxious patient very heavy 4 people namely 15,38 percent, worried weight 17 people namely 65,38 percent, anxious being 5 people namely 19,24 percent. Posttest Deep Breathing Exercise patient anxious weight 12 people namely 46,15 percent, anxious being 11 people namely 42,31 percent, mild anxious 3 people namely 11,54 percent. Based on the results of the research analysis using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test, the results showed that p value equal 0.001 is smaller than p equal 0.05, it can be concluded that there is influence of Deep Breathing Exercise on anxiety level in patient pre operation of Sectio Caesarea at Lavalette Hospital of Malang. The researcher recommendation is then expected to use more samples and longer treatment. So that will cause a greater effect on decreasing anxiety levels of patients preoperative Sectio Caesarea.

Pregnancy and Childbirth are physiological. But normal pregnancy and childbirth can turn into pathology. One of the ways to prevent delays in handling is through the readiness of childbirth by means of health education using media and video media. Analyzing the differences in the effectiveness of Prenatal health education using Booklet and Video media in reducing anxiety and increasing maternity readiness. This type of research is Quasy Experiment with one group pretest posttest design research design. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the working area of the South Klaten Puskesmas in the February to September 2019 period with a sampling quota of 60 pregnant women, namely 30 booklet groups and 30 video groups. Data analysis uses paired t-test, Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney. Prenatal health education using the Media Booklet is effective in reducing anxiety and increasing readiness to face labor with a p value

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at greater risk for experiencing high levels of anxiety symptoms. Recent evidence suggests Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may also be effective for anxiety reduction in some presentations of ASD. This meta-analysis evaluated twenty-three studies. Results yielded a moderate effect size (g = − 0.66) for the reduction of anxiety symptoms. Moderators indicated larger effects for studies were achieved with parental involvement (g = − 0.85, p

Self-awareness and self-regulation yoga techniques lead to stress management, reducing anxiety and well-being of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The current study seeks to investigate the degree of the autonomous involvement of an 11-year-old girl with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the self-awareness and self-regulation yoga exercises. The research was designed as an educational intervention. The intervention was applied once a week for 3 months, and took place at the sensory room of “School for all: Tokei Maru” at Include in Thessaloniki. Research diaries and observation protocols, by participant and external observers, were used for data collection before, during and after the intervention. According to the research findings, girl’s degree and quality of involvement improved during the intervention, so that she managed to use specific techniques autonomously. Research findings cannot be generalized, but they are encouraging in developing effective self-awareness and self-regulation programs for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in future research.

There is considerable research indicating that exercise can be of significant benefit in reducing anxiety and depression. There are far fewer investigations of the role of exercise in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This chapter reviews empirical research on the impact of exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, in reducing PTSD and negative emotional states. A variety of models are reviewed to possibly explain why exercise is so beneficial. Those who suffer from PTSD are notoriously treatment avoidant. Exercise is presented as an effective intervention for PTSD, anxiety, and depression and because it does not produce the level of avoidance that traditional psychotherapies do, it becomes a valuable potential tool for treating PTSD.

It is common that soccer athletes move between cities or countries to grow ate their career. The transition to play in other with different culture is complex and it is not take into account by clubs and professionals that work with the athlete. The ability to adapt to a new culture is an important element for the athletes success that can bring difficulties and suffer due to the differences of the new environment as the values and customs. The aim of this paper is to present from a narrative review the acceptance and commitment therapy as an intervention possibility to expatriate soccer athletes. Studies related to sport and acceptance and commitment therapy suggest improvement in athlete’s performance reducing anxiety. In this sense, So, it is proposed an intervention focusing on the identification of values for the athlete, the feelings related to his suffering, strategies used to prevent suffering and strategies of commitment with values.

Part 10: Interactive Posters; International audience; This work addresses children’s (under 6 years of age) fear and apprehension to visit dental clinics. We present a bespoke interactive Virtual Reality reproduction of the physical dental clinic, augmented with virtual characters and enriched with gamification style information for a richer user experience. The experience allows the user to navigate and familiarise themselves with the location and the procedures they will undertake before visiting the clinic. The experience is now being piloted at the Dental Public Health at the University Hospital of Wales.

Objective: This study aimed to report a case series on the use of audiovisual distraction eyeglasses in children during dental care. Methods: The influence of the distraction tool on the children’s heart rate frequency and dental care experience was further investigated. The study children had their heart rate recorded during three clinical appointments and underwent the following procedures: 1) anamnesis; 2) modified atraumatic restorative treatment with the child wearing audiovisual eyeglasses; and 3) modified atraumatic restorative treatment without the use of audiovisual eyeglasses. The interval between appointments was up to one week. The heart rate was measured using a pulse oximeter, and a post-treatment questionnaire was applied after the three appointments. The sample consisted of five children aged 4 to 7 years attending the Pediatric Dental Clinics of the State University of Paraíba. Results: While wearing the audiovisual eyeglasses, the children’s individual heart rates were lower in the second dental visit as compared to the first and third ones. The post-treatment questionnaire revealed a preference for the use of audiovisual distraction eyeglasses as the children felt more comfortable, pleased, and had a reduced pain perception and anxiety. Conclusion: The heart rate decrease observed herein suggests that audiovisual eyeglasses may contribute to reducing anxiety during dental care.

Several meta-analyses to date have confirmed the efficacy of attentional bias modification (ABM) in shifting reaction times away from threatening stimuli, reducing anxiety symptoms, and buffering against stressor vulnerability. The reliability of reaction time differences, however, has been found to show unacceptable psychometric properties. In this study, we tested the impact of an extensive Dot-Probe ABM procedure, consisting of close to 7000 trials, concurrently with behavioral and electrophysiological measures within a large sample of over 100 highly socially anxious participants. Results indicated that the N2pc component demonstrates superior internal consistency and more statistical power in detecting attentional biases and their modification than reaction time (RT) differences. RTs were neither indicative of an attentional bias before ABM nor of a modification over time. In contrast, the N2pc indexed both an initial attentional preference for threatening stimuli and an alteration of this relationship after training. Outcomes were not specific for attentional training away from threat but also occurred in the no-contingency control procedure, casting doubt on the theoretic underpinnings of ABM. Electrophysiological measures are an important complement to the ABM literature and should be further utilized to assess attentional biases with excellent reliability.

This chapter considers interventions for addressing common mental health problems at work, including strategies for reducing anxiety and depression, addressing stigma and promoting greater awareness and understanding of how to manage mental health problems in the workplace. Interventions for managing employment transitions and job search skills for re-employment among unemployed workers are examined. The importance of employment in promoting the recovery of those who experience serious mental health problems and disorders is also considered, and effective strategies for reintegrating people with mental disorders into the workforce are presented. Practice examples and case studies are presented based on evidence-based approaches that have been implemented in workplaces in different countries.

This study researched the gamification of in-flight entertainment (IFE). Some previous studies have focused on IFE technology implementation and hardware research; however, few studies have focused on the user’s experience of IFE. In this thesis, based on the gamification theory, a somatosensory game was designed to encourage users to take the initiative to relax during long-distance flights. To verify the effectiveness of this design, a prototype with hardware (including a seat with integrated proximity sensors, using Arduino Leonardo’s development board) and software (an analog IFE system with game, music, and video capabilities, and a designed somatosensory game) was developed. Two groups were tested: the control group with traditional IFE and the experimental group with an IFE which included elements of gamification. Three sets of data were measured: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), user experience questionnaire (UEQ), and physical movement duration time. Through analysis of the results, it can be concluded that the IFE with gamification was more novel and stimulating than the traditional IFE. In addition to motivating users to exercise more, the gamification-based IFE was also more effective at reducing anxiety than the traditional IFE.

The negative impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on health-related quality of life has been extensively documented. The aim of this study was to compare the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores of patients with non-valvular AF during warfarin administration and after switching to novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The study comprised 100 consecutive patients on warfarin treatment between July 2018 and January 2019 for whom a transition to NOACs was planned. All patients completed the HADS at the start of the study and at least 3 months after that date. The mean value of HADS-A (5.9 ± 2.1 vs. 4.4 ± 1.6, p

Mindfulness meditation practices (MMPs) are a particular type of meditation involving full attention to present-moment experiences, both internal and external, and an acceptance of emotional states in a nonjudgmental manner. The clinical benefits of MMPs have been studied intensively, in particular through their involvement in reducing anxiety and stress, but the impact of MMPs on cognitive functioning has received less attention. Nonetheless, the cognitive correlates of MMPs have been found on various functions, including attention and executive functions. Can a brief, single MMP session improve driving behavior and thus road safety? Can we become better drivers if we engage in MMP just before hitting the road?

Objetivo: Identificar a prática tabagista entre acadêmicos de Medicina da Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC) em Lages/SC. Método: estudo dos dados obtidos através de questionário aplicado a 94 acadêmicos no período entre agosto de 2013 a dezembro de 2013. Resultados: a idade média dos participantes foi de 23,06 anos, com mínima de 19 anos e máxima de 39 anos. 19,1% eram fumantes, destes 8,5% fumantes diários e 10,6% ocasionais. A idade média de iniciação da prática tabágica foi de 17,88 anos. 22,3% começaram a fumar aos 18 anos de idade. O maior incentivo ao início do uso de cigarros foi a influência dos amigos em 61,1%. 72,2% dos acadêmicos fumantes fumavam até 10 cigarros por dia, e 61,1% afirmaram interesse em parar de fumar. 38,9% descreveram o prazer e 33,3% a redução da ansiedade como sensação a exposição tabágica. Conclusão: a elevada prevalência de tabagistas entre os acadêmicos de medicina mostra a necessidade de reforçar programas prevenção e cessação da prática tabágica direcionados a essa população.

This study describes the causes, symptoms, and strategies in reducing anxiety experienced by novice teachers when teaching mathematics. This research was qualitative research with the descriptive explorative method. The data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. The subject was 13 math teachers in secondary schools in Riau, Kepulauan Riau, Sumatera Selatan, Jawa Tengah, and Jawa Barat. The data was analyzed by looking for themes and concluding relationships between themes to gain understanding. The findings are (1) novice teachers’ mathematics teaching anxiety in secondary schools includes lack of materials mastery, confusion in choosing and applying learning strategies, and difficulty in managing classes, (2) the symptoms experienced by the teachers are vibrating hands, heart palpitations, cold sweat, inability to remember material well and tendency to avoid the learning process, (3) the strategies carried out by novice teachers to reduce the anxiety experienced include understanding learning materials, looking for strategies that are suitable for the material and using learning media as learning aids, and making seating arrangements for students and giving questions.

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the influence of quick massage and pilatespilates on bank employees. The project was sent to the Research Ethics Committee and obtained a favorable opinion (1,045,371 / 2015). Methods: It is a clinical, controlled, randomized, and blind study. The study had had initially involved 70 employeesparticipants, but only 50 were included. They were divided into 3 groups: quick massage group (n = 20), ppilates group (n = 20) and control group (n = 10). They were evaluated with experimental times of 3, 6 and 9 months and the protocol was applied 3 times per week. Results: The results of the present study were presented in standard deviation and mean of all groups, then a one-way analysis of the variance was performed, obtaining a value of P

Our research explores the development of a novel technology-based prototype to support children and designers during brainstorming, one of the most challenging activities within Participatory Design (PD). This paper describes a proof-of-concept prototype for a tool that aims to empower children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) during PD to maximise their contributions to the design and their own benefits. Preliminary results revealed that the prototype has the potential for reducing anxiety in children with ASD, and supports unlocking their creativity.

This study was conducted in individuals with chronic diseases, namely coronary heart disease (CHD). Individuals with CHD experience changes in various aspects of life that create stress in the form of anxiety. The MBSR program can improve the parasympathetic nervous system, reduce the production of adrenaline and epinephrine so that symptoms of stress and anxiety can decrease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on reducing anxiety in individuals with CHD. The research method used a quasi-experiment with the design of the one group pretest-posttest design. Data analysis with Sign-Rank Wilcoxon Test non-parametric test. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in anxiety in CHD individuals with a value of Z = -2.023 and p = 0.043 (p

This study investigated the efficacy of a succulent, Caralluma fimbriata extract (CFE) in reducing anxiety and stress in healthy adults.An 8 week double-blind randomised clinical trial, in which 97 adults self-reporting mild to moderate anxiety were given 500 mg b.d. CFE (n = 49), or 500 mg b.d. placebo (n = 48). Anxiety and stress were measured at baseline, week 4, and week 8 to investigate the timing of treatment effect using the GAD-7, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and salivary cortisol. Data were analysed using mixed ANOVAs on SPSS v.24.Results indicated a significant reduction in anxiety and stress in both groups at week 4 and week 8. The reduction in the CFE group was significantly greater (p .05) than in the placebo group on the GAD-7 and PSS at week 4 and week 8, and in Negative affect at week 4. Improvement in Positive affect was greater in the CFE group than in the placebo group at week 8. Cortisol analysis indicated that CFE may act through the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, showing statistically significant changes in males, but not in females.Self-reported instruments involve subjective interpretation thus salivary cortisol was employed as a more objective measure. The study would benefit from a larger sample and longer trial, and the inclusion of a wait-list group to allow comparison between treatment and no treatment.The findings indicate that CFE is superior to placebo in reducing subclinical anxiety and stress over 8 weeks.

The assessment of children's anxiety during anaesthetic induction is useful to determine if pre-operative strategies have been effective in reducing anxiety. The aim of this study is to review the different tools used to evaluate child anxiety or behaviour during the induction of anaesthesia. The electronic databases with no date limits were reviewed in December 2013, with a second review repeated in September 2014. A data extraction template was applied to find the scales used in the articles. Eight observational scales were found. Six of them can only be used during induction of anaesthesia, and two of those could be applied at various perioperative times, before surgery and during induction of anaesthesia.

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are among the most special moments in women’s lives, but are sometimes associated with negative emotions. In many cases, the fear of childbirth leads to a request to perform a caesarean section. Aim of the research : To evaluate the subjective opinion on the perceived fear of childbirth and the effectiveness of participation in childbirth classes depending on the age and education of women surveyed. Material and methods: The questionnaire study included 125 women in the antepartum period involved in antenatal classes. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ 2 test. Results: Women aged 40 and older felt the most fear of childbirth. Those with secondary education were least afraid of childbirth. Those with vocational and higher education had the greatest fear. Women of all ages in the majority were wholly or partly satisfied with participating in Lamaze classes. However, a large percentage of the group of 20–30 years and over 40 years could not use in practice the knowledge and skills gained during the course. The level of education statistically significantly contributed to applying in practice the knowledge and skills obtained in the Lamaze classes. Conclusions: There was a relationship between age and education of women and fear of childbirth. Education differentiates ability to apply in practice the knowledge and skills learned in Lamaze classes. Despite the benefits of participation in the course, one should pay more attention to skills training and implementation of the acquired knowledge and skills.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of group counseling to reduce anxiety in entering the working world class XII student of Accounting SMK Negeri 1 Surakarta academic year 2013/2014.This research is a measure of guidance and counseling (PTBK). This study is conducted in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects were students of class XII SMK Negeri 1 Surakarta Accounting totaling 9 students. Source of data derived from students. The data collection technique is by questionnaire and observation. The validity of the data using a triangulation method. Analyzed using percentages and clinical analysis. The results show that through group counseling can reduce anxiety entering the work of students from pre-cicle to the first cycle and from the first cycle to the second cycle. In the first cycle, the average percentage change of 28.05%. The anxiety of students has decreased, although not significantly. In the second cycle, the average percentage change of 51.91%, which means the results of the research has reached an indicator of success. The conclusions of this research are group counseling is effective for reducing anxiety enter the workforce in class XII student of Accounting SMK Negeri 1 Surakarta academic year 2013/2014.

Background Although the relationship involving exposure to traumatic events (TEs), conditions of adversity, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is well established in the refugee field, the psychological factors mediating the relevant pathways are not as clearly delineated. In the present path analysis, we examined a model in which anxiety and panic-like symptoms mediated the path between conflict-related TEs, ongoing adversity, and PTS symptoms amongst 230 refugees from West Papua. Methods Culturally adapted measures were applied to assess TE exposure, ongoing adversity, anxiety, panic-like, PTS, and depressive symptoms. Results Our model identified two pathways leading from conflict-related exposure to PTS symptoms, one a direct path, the other mediated by a sequence of ongoing adversity, anxiety and panic-like symptoms. Older refugees from West Papua had higher levels of anxiety and panic-like symptoms than the younger adult generation born in PNG. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a focus on reducing anxiety and panic together with addressing social deprivations and threats may improve anxiety and panic amongst refugees, ultimately improving outcomes for PTS symptoms.

Providing patients with written information about totally implantable access ports (TIAPs) is recommended during the pre-implantation period to reduce anxiety and to help recalling information. No study tested the effectiveness of information about TIAP neither with oral communication nor with booklets. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of an information booklet, alone or together with answers to clarification questions, both in improving patients’ short- and long-time knowledge about TIAP and in decreasing patients’ physiological indicators of anxiety immediately after TIAP implantation. This is a randomized controlled trial with three parallel groups: group A (n = 34) receiving only the booklet, group B (n = 34) receiving the booklet with answers to clarification questions, and group C (n = 37) receiving routine care. After 3 months, pair comparisons revealed a significant improvement in knowledge of TIAP in each group (p

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of sandplay therapy on the anxiety, attachment relations, and interpersonal stress of children of alcoholic fathers. The subjects were 20 children from low-income families with alcoholic fathers who were suggested by teachers at two local children’s centers in Cheonan City in South Chungcheong Province and two centers located in Pyeongtaek City in Gyeonggi Province. The Korean version of the Children of Alcoholics Test (CAST-K) was administered, and among those children who scored 12 points or higher, ten children were chosen for the experimental group and ten children were chosen for the control group. Sandplay therapy was only conducted with the experimental group. The counseling involved a 40-minute session per week for a total of twelve sessions, including preand post-tests, from November 2012 to March 2013. The sandplay therapy program was administered on a one-to-one basis by two sandplay therapists. To verify the changes in the preand post-test levels of anxiety, attachment relations, and interpersonal stress of the experimental and control groups, a non-parametric test of Mann-Whitney’s U test and Wilcoxon’s signed rank test was conducted. The results of the study indicated the effectiveness of sandplay therapy in reducing anxiety, improving attachment relations and reducing interpersonal stress, and the potential of being an effective instrument for therapy.

OBJECTIVES This study investigates the relationship between anxiety reduction and functional outcomes in children and adolescents receiving intensive interdisciplinary rehabilitation services for chronic pain (CP). Specifically, we evaluated whether: (1) anxiety changes over the course of treatment; (2) anxiety covaries with functional outcomes to rehabilitation; and (3) change in anxiety predicts change in functional outcomes from rehabilitation for CP. Using 3 separate measures assessing anxiety-related constructs, we hypothesized that anxiety would be associated with functioning, both before and following intensive rehabilitation for CP. Further, we hypothesized that a decrease in anxiety-related symptoms following rehabilitation would predict a positive change in functional outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our sample consisted of 119 children and adolescents treated for CP in an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program between 2007 and 2012. Children completed 3 measures related to anxiety (general anxiety, pain-specific anxiety, pain catastrophizing) and 2 functional outcome measures (eg, Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire, PedsQL) as part of clinical care. RESULTS Measures of anxiety-related constructs were significantly correlated with measures of impairment and functioning, both at admission and at 1-month postdischarge. Regression analyses demonstrated that, after controlling for age, sex, and pain level at admission, a decrease in anxiety significantly predicted between 14% and 40% unique variance in functional outcomes. DISCUSSION The findings of this study support existing research on anxiety and CP, specifically the relationship between anxiety and pain-related disability. This study also supports the benefit of intensive interdisciplinary rehabilitation for both reducing anxiety and increasing functional outcomes, suggesting a possible link in children's response to intervention. Study limitations and future directions for related research are discussed.

This study was to identify the effects of supportive nursing intervention using video-program of operating room nurses before operation on laparoscopic hysterectomy patient's anxiety. This study was nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The data were collected from May 1 to Jun 20, 2013 and analyzed by x²-test, Fisher's exact test and t-test using SPSS 20.0 program. Experimental group(who received supportive nursing intervention) and control group(who received booklet education) was respectively consisted of 25 patients who were laparoscopy hysterectomy. The anxiety(p=.002) of experimental group was significantly lower than control group. The systolic(p=.012) and diastolic(p=.045) pressure of experimental group was significantly lower than control group, but pulse wasn't. The supportive nursing intervention for preoperative patient is considered effective and useful in reducing anxiety. Further research is warranted to investigate the supportive nursing intervention long-term effect.

Aim This study assessed the effectiveness of an individualised intervention to reduce parental stress, anxiety and depression in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods Parents of infants admitted to the NICU for a minimum of 4 weeks underwent a five-step individualised intervention programme delivered by a psychologist. Results The study population comprised 40 mothers and 25 fathers in the intervention group and 40 mothers and 29 fathers in the control group who received the standard support. Similar stress levels were observed in both groups before the intervention. However, after 15 days, the group that received the individualised intervention showed a statistically significant lower level of anxiety, with none of the mothers and fathers in the intervention group reporting anxiety, compared with 2.5% of mothers and 10.3% of fathers in the control group. At discharge, 50% of mothers and 80% of fathers in the intervention group reported no level of depression, compared to all the mothers and fathers in the control group. Conclusion An intervention programme individualised to the needs of mothers and fathers with infants admitted to a NICU for at least 4 weeks was effective in reducing anxiety and depression compared to the standard care.

The dental health of children with autism presents many challenges, since they usually perceive sensory experiences differently and have problems accepting unknown social contexts. In a dental care setting, there are many strong sound-visual stimulations that are not experienced in any other setting. This usu-ally upsets a patient with autism, often forcing dentists to administer chemical sedation in order to carry out dental work. Recently, many technology-enhanced systems and apps have been proposed to help people with autism adapt and cope with distressing situations. However, few studies have attempted to exploit ICT to simplify dental care in people with autism. This study explores the potential of personalized digital tools to help children with autism become familiar with den-tal care procedures and environments and to learn how to perform proper oral hygiene at home. To this aim, we carried out a 3-month exploratory study involv-ing a multidisciplinary team of researchers, developers, dentists, psychologist, parents and ten children with autism observed under natural conditions during their first dental care cycle. The results appear to confirm the potential of tech-nology for reducing anxiety in professional settings, increasing children's well-being and safety. The main contribution of this paper is the detailed account of this exploratory study and the discussion of the results obtained. Moreover, we outline the user requirements of an accessible and customizable multimodal plat-form to help dentists and families facilitate ADS children's dental care according to the methodology described here.

Anxiety is a main symptom of withdrawal from substances and can be detrimental to treatment. There is little evidence which supports the use of a particular therapeutic treatment in reducing the anxiety associated with withdrawal. This study aimed to reduce anxiety associated with withdrawal through participation in group music therapy for adults admitted to a community residential alcohol and drug withdrawal unit. A quasi-experimental design was adopted, using the self-report Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) to measure anxiety pre and post a single session. A total of 35 participants attended a one hour music therapy group session and contributed to data collection over ten sessions. A paired two-tailed t-test indicated a highly statistically significant difference (p =

Social support is a powerful tool for reducing anxiety and a critical component of successful interpersonal therapies used to treat anxiety disorders. Social contact reduces anxiety-like behavior in animal models and the type or quality of social contact can affect the degree to which anxiety is reduced. Here, we focus on preclinical research investigating interactions between models of social support and anxiety with emphasis on how social support may augment safety learning as a means to reduce anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Christian integrative art therapy on the spiritual and psychological well-beings in normal adults. This study adopted the one group pre-post test design. Data collection were from Dec. 1 to 19, 2012. Eighty-five normal adults in J Cities. The art therapy was consisted of 10 minute reading juvenile art book(Burpo, 2012) on death and eternal life in heaven and 30 minutes free-hand drawing of the images on the heaven. The spiritual well-being was significantly increased and anxiety was significantly decreased after the therapy. There were significant negative correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety after therapy. Type of brief in God's existence and age were Received(January 23, 2015), Review request(January 30, 2015), Review Result(February 05, 2015) Accepted(February 28, 2015) 561-756 Dept. of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Gumarm Dong, Jeonju, S. Korea email: js0215@daum.net 561-756 Dept. of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Gumarm Dong, Jeonju, S. Korea email: zoo4257@daum.net (Corresponding Author) 561-756 Dept. of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Gumarm Dong, Jeonju, S. Korea email: victim@jbnu.ac.kr The Effects of Christian Integrative Art Therapy on Spiritual Well-being and Psychological Anxiety in Adults Copyright c 2015 HSST 76 explained 17.7% of the effectiveness of spiritual well-being. To conclude, the Christian integrative art therapy on death and eternal life in heaven enhanced the spiritual well-being while reducing anxiety among normal adults.

Preassessment of perioperative patients is essential to prepare patients for anaesthesia, surgery and recovery, and to ensure that they understand the anaesthetic and surgical procedures, as well as their postoperative recovery period. This role can be carried out by operating department practitioners (ODPs) and nurses, and they also need to understand the physiological status of the patient so they can inform perioperative staff (including anaesthetists, surgeons and perioperative practitioners) of any issues the patient has. This article covers preoperative assessment, planning and education, and postoperative care, including reducing postoperative complications.

Previous studies have indicated that voluntary exercise decreases the severity of the anxiogenic-like behaviors in both morphine-dependent and withdrawn rats. This study examined the effects of regular swimming exercise during the development of dependency and spontaneous morphine withdrawal on the anxiety-depression profile and voluntary morphine consumption in morphine dependent rats. The rats were chronically treated with bi-daily doses (10 mg/kg, at 12h intervals) of morphine over a period of 14 days. The exercising rats were allowed to swim (45 min/d, five days per a week, for 14 or 21 days) during the development of morphine dependence and withdrawal. Then, rats were tested for the severity of morphine dependence, the elevated plus-maze (EPM), sucrose preference test (SPT) and voluntary morphine consumption using a two-bottle choice paradigm in animal models of craving. The results showed that withdrawal signs were decreased in swimmer morphine dependent rats than sedentary rats (P

How salespeople communicate with their business partners helps to build strong relationships (Boorom et al., 1998). A communication trait that salespeople can use is humor or “any event shared by an agent with another individual that is intended to be amusing to the target and that the target perceives as an intentional act” (Cooper, 2008, p. 1090). In the context of business-to-business relationships, humor makes easier obtaining the other agent’s attention, developing rapport and group solidarity, reducing anxiety and hostility, softening the meeting of objections, or distracting the other agent from the objection (Wagle, 1985). It is thus the overall quality of the relationship between two agents that might be positively affected by the use of humor.

This article reports on the investigation carried out at rural school in Ubaté (Cundinamarca). Participants were sixteen English students. The aim of the study was to explore how cooperative learning reduces ninth graders’ anxiety and shyness in the English classes. In order to achieve this objective, an action research study was conducted. Interviews, teacher’s diary and workshops were used for data collection. The main findings suggested that after five workshops anxiety and shyness’ signs have reduced when students were cooperative to interact orally. In addition, cooperative learning was an effective tool not just to reduce anxiety and shyness, but also to involve them in their own English learning process, English learning

Background Childhood brain tumours have some of the longest time to diagnosis. A timely diagnosis may have a role in reducing anxiety in waiting for a diagnosis and subsequent morbidity and mortality. We investigated where the opportunities for an earlier diagnosis were, and for which anatomical locations this strategy will most likely to be effective. Methods A record-linkage cohort study of patients diagnosed aged 0–24 years with a primary intracranial tumour between 1989 and 2006 in England, using records from the National Cancer Registry linked to hospital admission records from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES, 1997–2006) and primary care consultation records from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD, 1989–2006). Relevant neurological presentations were extracted from HES and CPRD. Temporal changes in presentation rates were estimated in generalised additive models. Results Frequency of presentation began to increase six months before diagnosis in primary care and three months before diagnosis in hospital. Supratentorial and midline tumours had the longest presentation history before diagnosis. Peri-ventricular tumours presented frequently in hospital (rate ratio = 1.29 vs supratentorial tumours; 95% CI = 1.12–1.48) or as an emergency (1.24; 1.01–1.51), and in primary care (1.12; 0.62–1.85). Conclusions Opportunities for an earlier diagnosis are greater in supratentorial, midline or cranial nerve tumours, which have a longer presentation history than peri-ventricular, cerebellar or brainstem tumours. Common features before diagnosis include headache, convulsions, and growth or endocrine disorders. Focal neurological deficits are uncommon and emerge late in the pre-diagnosis period.

Effective teaching and learning processes are made possible as information and communication technology (ICTs) tools are used to support the environment. Today, apart from a fully face-to-face or online environment, blended learning promises opportunities for teaching and learning to be done in both environments. This study employed the quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design to investigate the effects of blended learning in reducing anxiety and improving public speaking skills of ESL learners. Fifty-six students, enrolled in the fifth semester of the Bachelor in Civil Engineering program at a technical university in Malaysia, were involved in the study. The Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA) was administered as the pre and post test to measure the students' level of anxiety pertaining to public speaking. The Competent Speaker Speech Evaluation Form (CSSEF) was used as an instrument to measure the students' public speaking performance at pre and post conditions. The findings indicate that blended learning environment does have a positive impact in the development of public speaking skills of these students.

Biofield therapies such as Healing Touch and Reiki increase relaxation, decrease anxiety and stress, and improve mood. Understanding the efficacy of these therapies in terms of mental health wellness is important for nurses interested in complementary and integrative care. The goal of the present integrative review was to investigate the state of knowledge regarding biofield therapies and the impact on anxiety, mood, and mental health wellness. Electronic databases were searched for articles available in English and published from 2014 to 2016. Biofield therapies show safety and promise in reducing anxiety, improving mood, and cultivating mental health and wellness.

Introduction: Cast removal procedures can be a daunting experience for children giving rise to anxiety. The objective of this study is to measure the level of anxiety in children during cast removal at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan. Materials and method: An experimental study was conducted with a sample of 40 paediatric patients with upper limb fractures and cast removal were randomly assigned into two groups: with multimedia distraction or without (control). Patient's heart rate was measured using a pulse oximeter before, during and after cast removal. Results: A total number of 20 children were randomized to multimedia distraction and another 20 to control with no distractions. The mean rise in heart rate between preprocedure and during procedure 5.3 beats/min in multimedia distraction group and 16.35 beats/min in control group (P = 0.001). The mean difference in heart rate between the pre-procedure and during the procedure was 5.64 beats/min in the multimedia distraction group and 13.13 beats/ min in the control group (P = 0.05). Conclusion: There was significant decrease in heart rate during cast removal with multimedia distraction. Therefore multimedia distraction is a useful tool in reducing anxiety among children during cast removal.

Objective: Asthma and anxiety are known to interact, leading to exacerbations for both conditions. This systematic review summarised evidence regarding the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in reducing anxiety for individuals with asthma, with results presented separately for adults and children.Data Sources: PRISMA statement and CRD guidance was followed to conduct and report the current review. Three major electronic databases (Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) and manual searches were used to find relevant published and unpublished research.Study Selections: Sixteen trials (twelve adult and four child) met inclusion criteria, and were evaluated with adapted quality criteria. Both controlled trials and repeated-measure designs were eligible. All CBT intervention formats were eligible (group, individual, computerised, self-help). Nine studies (eight adult and one child) focused upon participants with either an anxiety condition diagnosis or above threshold anxiety scores on a validated measure of anxiety at baseline.Results: The review indicates tentative preliminary support for the use of CBT for anxiety in adults with asthma, with the evidence-base for interventions with children appearing promising, but under-developed. Studies were more likely to indicate beneficial effects where anxiety-focused (rather than illness-focused) intervention protocols were utilised, asthma-related education was provided and where the trials focused on individuals with likely clinical levels of anxiety at baseline.Conclusion: Whilst further high quality research is needed, available evidence is supportive of anxiety-focused CBT interventions tailored to target the particular mechanisms thought to maintain this comorbidity in asthma.

There is currently no evidence to show that alpha-casozepine is effective as an anxiolytic when administered to dogs shortly (minutes to a few days) before exposure to an anxiety provoking stressor. There is limited and weak evidence to suggest that it may have a role to play in reducing anxiety in dogs over the medium to longer term but the available evidence is of low quality and / or high risk of bias, with confounding variables providing alternative explanations for the findings. More research is needed in this area.

Attention bias modification (ABM) aims to reduce anxiety by reducing attention bias (AB) to threat; however, effects on anxiety and AB are variable. This review examines 34 studies assessing effects of multisession-ABM on both anxiety and AB in high-anxious individuals. Methods include ABM-threat-avoidance (promoting attention-orienting away from threat), ABM-positive-search (promoting explicit, goal-directed attention-search for positive/nonthreat targets among negative/threat distractors), and comparison conditions (e.g., control-attention training combining threat-cue exposure and attention-task practice without AB-modification). Findings indicate anxiety reduction often occurs during both ABM-threat-avoidance and control-attention training; anxiety reduction is not consistently accompanied by AB reduction; anxious individuals often show no pretraining AB in orienting toward threat; and ABM-positive-search training appears promising in reducing anxiety. Methodological and theoretical issues are discussed concerning ABM paradigms, comparison conditions, and AB assessment. ABM methods combining explicit goal-directed attention-search for nonthreat/positive information and effortful threat-distractor inhibition (promoting top-down cognitive control during threat-cue exposure) warrant further evaluation.