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As trauma survivors, women and girls from refugee backgrounds face significant challenges when settling in host countries; the risk of domestic and family violence (DFV) accentuates these difficulties. Reflecting on findings from a seven-year university and industry research partnership, this article explores the etiology of DFV in women from refugee backgrounds living in non-metropolitan Australia. Drawing on action research principles and intersectional and social ecological theoretical frameworks, this study captured diverse women's views about experiences and strategies for addressing DFV in refugee communities. Having developed trusting relationships with participants over the different study phases, the first author conducted in-depth interviews with women of refugee backgrounds, listening deeply and confirming findings with participants as they emerged. Interviews were also conducted with staff from settlement, health and specialist domestic violence services to offer a broad perspective on how best to support refugee women experiencing DFV. Key findings revealed stressors and support that impact violence, such as employment status and acculturation, and identification of who the women would trust if experiencing violence. By understanding the interweaving factors influencing women's risk of DFV and strategies to address it, global healthcare providers will be better positioned to collaborate with refugee communities and specialist services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the needs, expectations, and experiences of asylum-seeking parents and unaccompanied minors under the age of 18 years on the initial health assessment for children and adolescents and access to care upon entry in the Netherlands, We conducted five semi-structured focus group discussions with asylum-seeking parents and unaccompanied minors, from Syria, Eritrea, Afghanistan, and other Middle-East and African countries, supported by professional interpreters. To triangulate findings, semi-structured interviews with health care professionals involved in care for refugee children were conducted. Transcripts of focus group discussions were inductively and deductively coded and content analyzed; transcripts of interviews were deductively coded and content analyzed. In total, 31 asylum-seeking participants: 23 parents of 101 children (between 0 and 18 years old), 8 unaccompanied minors (between 15 and 17 years), and 6 healthcare professionals participated. Parents and minors expressed that upon entry, their needs were met for vaccinations, but not for screening or care for physical and mental health problems. Parents, minors, and health professionals emphasized the necessity of appropriate information and education about health, diseases, and the health system. Cultural change was mentioned as stressful for the parent–child interaction and parental well-being. Conclusion: The perspectives of refugee parents and unaccompanied minors revealed opportunities to improve the experience of and access to health care of refugees entering the Netherlands, especially risk-specific screening and more adequate education about health, diseases, and the Dutch health care system. What is Known: • Refugees have specific health needs due to pre-flight, flight, and resettlement conditions. Health assessment upon entry was non-obligatory in the Netherlands, except for the tuberculosis screening. Health needs were not always met, and refugees experienced barriers in access to care. What is New: • The initial health assessment met the needs concerning vaccinations but mismatched the needs regarding physical and mental health assessment. Screening for specific risk-related diseases and mental health could enable refugee parents and minors to engage better with the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative research project seeks to examine the obstacles faced by educators who come to the U.S. as refugees. The three participants in this study are from Iraq, Sudan, and Turkey. While there are similarities between them, there are also differences in terms of race, sex, and religion. While this work examines practical barriers, such as those related to credentialing, it also considers how these educators negotiate their identity in the workplace. Using labeling theory, the impact of the category of refugee and how that label impacts work life is interrogated. Partially as a result of the labels associated with being a refugee, findings indicate that, for educators from refugee backgrounds, there are significant barriers to credentialing, their knowledge and experience from outside of the U.S. is rarely taken seriously in many workplace environments, and, consequently, a lack of confidence can easily develop. Despite all of this, educators from refugee backgrounds often have extensive experience in education and can more easily connect to diverse student populations and their families. Suggestions for how best to expand the hiring of educators from refugee backgrounds are provided, as well as implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugee children and young people have high levels of unmet mental health needs. A trauma‐informed service transformation framework was applied with 14 professionals in Turkey. Through participatory focus groups, professionals co‐produced service plans and considered enabling and challenging factors for implementation. Data were analysed through a thematic codebook approach. Established themes suggested that implementation should concurrently address societal barriers, agency fragmentation, lack of contextual interventions and sustainability. These led to the development of a Theory of Change. A trauma‐informed and scaled service model of collaborative care can holistically meet refugee children and young people's complex needs, while maximising sparse resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees in the US have increasingly been resettled in small cities, many of which have viewed refugee resettlement as a means of economic development. Using a unique geo-coded data set of almost 600 refugees from over 30 countries resettled in Utica, New York, our study offers primary evidence on the determinants of refugee intentions to migrate from their resettlement community. We find that human capital, co-ethnic enclaves, length of time in the US, and multigenerational integration play a key role in refugees' intentions to migrate. While the neighbourhood density of refugees has no impact, increases in the density of co-ethnic enclaves have a strong negative effect on the intent to leave in the near future. This effect is particularly strong during refugees' first five years in the US. Generation 1.5 refugees are significantly more likely to plan to move than those who arrived to their resettlement community at an older age. Our findings highlight the effects of country of origin, education, age, past family migration, and religious affiliation. For small-city governments and resettlement agencies seeking to retain resettled refugees, our results suggest a focus on building stronger co-ethnic enclaves over an emphasis on the diversity of the resettled refugee population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil and Uruguay have a historical tradition of welcoming refugees, especially those who are victims of armed conflicts around the world, and, due to their proximity to neighboring regions, those forced to leave their countries due to political and financial crises. With these premises, this academic paper will explore the landscape of fundamental rights for refugees, focusing on the legislation of Brazil and Uruguay. It will also delve into specific developments related to new issues of protection concerning gender and sexuality vulnerabilities, as well as collective issues, such as the irreversible impacts of climate change. Finally, the paper aims to demonstrate the possibility of adopting new technical and legislative criteria and measures to strengthen refugee protection. The importance of implementing public policies that reach a greater number of people in need and that update the legal concepts and instruments to address the emerging challenges is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an Ambiguous Loss framework, this study examines how family members in the United States and in Cambodia process grief and cope with deportation and separation. The ongoing sense of loss can result in families feeling stuck, continually dealing with the ambiguity of whether their deported family member is in or out of the family. Individual and group interviews conducted with family members in the United States and in Cambodia revealed the following main themes: frozen grief- inability to move on, ambiguous loss compounded by unclear roles and boundaries, and sense of betrayal. This research examines life after deportation and seeks ways to improve the conditions for families. These findings recognize the painful irony that exist for families dealing with loss from deportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the so-called 'migration crisis' in 2015/16, EU governments' efforts to launch online campaigns to inform potential migrants about the risks of irregularity have increased. These migration management tools often apply dissuasive messages, declaring to support migrants to make informed decisions. This article investigates such campaigns through the lens of government communication, a so far under-explored issue in migration studies. Applying qualitative content analysis to two European campaigns, this research finds that the campaigns reiterate immigration policies and portray ambiguity. They therefore raise critical questions regarding the principles of neutrality and reliability in democratic government communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to examine the effect of psychoeducation on attitudes toward violence and risky behaviors among refugee adolescents. This was a randomized controlled experimental study conducted with refugee adolescents (n = 101) studying in a high school in southern Turkey. After psychoeducation, it was determined that there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of antisocial behaviors, alcohol use, suicidal thoughts, unhealthy eating habits, and school dropout thoughts among adolescents according to the subdimensions of the risky behavior scale. Psychoeducation was found to be effective in reducing attitudes toward violence and preventing risky behaviors among refugee adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explored the acceptability of an evidence-informed healthy relationships program with newcomer youth at three newcomer-serving agencies. Utilizing mixed methods in an embedded multiple case study design, qualitative and quantitative data were collected from seven facilitators, three administrators, and 20 youth recipients from three agencies. Findings suggested the program is promising in terms of acceptability and fit as facilitators and youth recipients enjoyed the program and felt the content was relatable to youths' experiences. Stakeholders also shared recommendations for tailoring content and activities to be more accessible and culturally meaningful for newcomer youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Practitioners who support unaccompanied minors (UAMs) come from different professional backgrounds and often are not appropriately trained to address children's complex mental health needs. This gap informed a training programme across all accommodation centres in Greece. Methods: The aim of the Train-of-Trainer (ToT) national programme was to upskill trainers from 17 organisations to cascade knowledge. Training was interprofessional, trauma-informed and culturally sensitive. A pilot implementation involved 199 practitioners from all disciplines. A sub-sample of 33 practitioners, nine managers and six trainers shared their experiences in focus group discussions, which were analysed through a thematic framework. Results: Participants found that the programme was useful in generating knowledge relevant to children's needs and their roles, addressing the emotional impact of trauma on staff, sharing learning across professional disciplines and being interactive, but systemic support should be put in place for benefits to be sustained. Conclusions: Train-of-Trainer is a resource-effective approach to upskill mixed staff groups across many organisations. This should involve caregivers and staff with limited educational opportunities, while accommodating for different professional needs. Training should be integrated to service budgets, specifications and structures. Plain language summary: Staff who support refugee children without parents come from different backgrounds, and often have limited mental health knowledge and skills. To address this gap, a national programme was established for 17 organisations hosting accommodation centres across Greece. Selected professionals were upskilled as trainers to cascade knowledge to their staff group. Training was based on the understanding of the impact of trauma and children's cultural needs and was provided to interdisciplinary staff groups. In total, 199 staff attended pilot training. Experiences of the training were shared by a sub-group of 33 trained staff, nine managers and six trainers through focus group discussions. These were analysed through a qualitative thematic approach. Key findings included the relevance of new knowledge to children's needs and staff roles, training as a team, using learning methods based on real issues, and supports that should be put in place to ensure that benefits are maintained. Such a model of cascading knowledge and skills can be useful for large numbers of organisations and staff supporting refugee and other vulnerable children. Training should include staff such as caregivers, who may have had limited educational opportunities, while balancing between different staff roles. Training should be integral to all functions of accommodation centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 860 356 Rohingya living in refugee camps have experienced decades of persecution. Little is known about disease burden in this population. Methods A retrospective review of deidentified electronic health records (EHR) of 51 270 Rohingya attending two primary health clinics in Kutupalong and Balukahli from October 2017 to October 2019 was performed. A novel EHR system named NIROG was used for patients' medical records'. Results Females comprised 53.8% of patients. The median age of females was 25 y and for males it was 19 y. Prevalence of adult hypertension and diabetes was 14.1% and 11.0%, respectively. Also, 16.6% of children aged <5 y had moderate or severe acute malnutrition, while 36.6% were at risk of malnutrition. Body mass index (BMI) analysis showed that 34.4% of adults were underweight. Females were more likely to be hypertensive, diabetic, overweight/obese and malnourished. BMI had a statistically significant positive correlation with fasting blood glucose levels and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions The use of a portable EHR system was highly effective at providing longitudinal care in a humanitarian setting. Significant proportions of the adult population appear to have hypertension or diabetes, pointing to a critical need for management of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The findings of the current study will help stakeholders to plan effective prevention and management of NCDs among displaced Rohingya and other displaced populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western media narratives about Syrian refugees frequently depict men as threats and women as helpless victims through racialized and gendered constructions. Contemporary Syrian diasporic literature can counter these problematic and dominant media portrayals. Specifically, Christy Lefteri’s The Beekeeper of Aleppo and Atia Abawi’s A Land of Permanent Goodbyes offer readers opportunities to empathize by contesting racialized representations of Syrian refugee men as threats by positively characterizing complex male protagonists, revealing their vulnerabilities, and emphasizing their care for their families—especially for the women in their families. They acknowledge the patriarchal cultural expectations for Syrians and reaffirm the agency and power of refugee women’s voices by showing their effects on others’ empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Around 100,000 Rohingya refugees have migrated to Malaysia since 1978 and developed diabetes mellitus (DM) over time. DM is a serious chronic disease that requires self-management to reduce its complications. There lies a concern here in an already vulnerable population. Objectives: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of DM among Rohingya refugees attending IMARET mobile clinic, Selayang. Materials and methods: The study was a cross sectional study utilizing structured questionnaires and respondents were interviewed with the help of a translator. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Independent t-test, ANOVA test and correlations test were used. Results: A total of 56 respondents participated in this study. Majority of respondents was female (73.2%), in age group between 31-40 years, married (83.9%), and around a fifth, 21.4% had diabetes mellitus. There were significant differences of knowledge between respondents with history of diabetes mellitus (p<0.001). There was significance in respondents attitude score in history of DM (p<0.001) with marital status (p=0.008) as well as differences in practice score of history of DM (p=0.039) with different occupations (p=0.037). Conclusion: There was a moderate score of knowledge, good positive attitude, and moderate score of practice towards diabetes mellitus. Adequate DM health education to non-DM and DM care to Rohingya refugees may reduce complications and avert further distresses to their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of increasing migration and refugee flows, the integration of new advanced technologies into border security and their implications for human security requires considerable adjustment. AI-driven surveillance, biometric identification, and automated controls at the border have become part of strategic security measures. While these technologies seek to create "smart borders" for effective functionality, major concerns are raised for data privacy and civil liberties, and the potential for discriminatory practices against vulnerable populations. The analysis describes ethical and humanitarian dilemmas created by the technologization of border management concerning issues for access to international protection by asylum seekers under the 1951 Refugee Convention. It does so by drawing on comparative case studies from the member states of the European Union, illustrating how different geopolitical contexts shape the deployment and regulation of those technologies. This research calls for a balanced policy approach that incorporates the notion of border security with the principles of international human rights law, thereby advancing a framework that protects the dignity and rights of all individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an increasingly digital world, refugees heavily rely on modern communication technologies to navigate many aspects of their lives. In this article, we specifically explore how resettled refugees in New Zealand use social media in their everyday lives. We present the findings drawn from a national survey (n = 592) in six languages, exposing the benefits and limits of social media use among this cohort of people. Using a multivariate model, we show how refugees' social and political activities enable civic participation and a sense of belonging. Our study also charts the barriers constraining their everyday social media use, including financial cost, security concerns, and low technical and digital literacy levels. By centring the impacts of sociodemographics and sociotechnological factors, we interrogate the meanings and outcomes of digital exclusion, which is crucial for informing digital citizenship and settlement policy among resettled refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the role and impact of migration on the formation and composition of the elite in the newly established Principality of Transylvania between 1556 and 1586, utilizing a prosopographical database compiled through extensive archival research. The new state was open to nobles fleeing the Ottoman conquest, as well as to those dissatisfied with Habsburg policies, offering peace, political prospects, and opportunities for career advancement in both government and military roles. Consequently, nearly 60 percent of the elite were newcomers, two-thirds of whom were migrant nobles, while one-third rose through social mobility. Characterized by smaller wealth, limited networks, and a tendency toward greater agility and risk-taking, the new elite were highly vulnerable. Their integration was hindered by the old elite's reluctance to form dynastic ties. Only about 30 percent of the new families that entered the elite managed to maintain their positions long-term, across multiple generations, while a strikingly high number experienced only one or two generations of elite status. The analysis underscores the precarious nature of elite integration in early modern Transylvania and the complex dynamics of social mobility within a newly established state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Humanities Research /Avrasya Beşeri Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi (ABBAD) is the property of Karabuk University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Amazonia Investiga is the property of PRIMMATE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to show the relationship between the quality of life and physical activity of refugee children who came to Turkey as a result of forced migration from their home countries. The study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 100 children between the ages of 14 and 17 living in the center of Çorum province in Turkey who were admitted as refugees. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire. The "Personal Information Form" created by the researchers was used in the first part and the "High School Quality of Life Scale (HSQOLS)" was used in the second part. For the selection of statistical tests, two independent group comparisons were made using the Mann Whitney U-test, as the data were not normally distributed. Comparisons between three independent groups were carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test, as the data were not normally distributed. To determine the different groups after the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann Whitney U post hoc pairwise comparison test with Bonferroni correction was used. The statistical significance level was assumed to be p<0.005. Statistically significant differences were found between participants' athletic status in Turkey, athletic branch in Turkey, athletic branch in their country of origin, athletic branch in their country of origin, and athletic age and the total scale and all sub-dimensions of the LISCEC (p<0.05). It is therefore hypothesized that physical activity and sport positively influence the quality of life of refugee children from different cultures in the countries where they settle and that this interaction is due to the integrative function of sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law & Justice Review is the property of Justice Academy of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the transit of foreign refugees in Trieste's relocation camps between the 1950s and 1960s. During the post-World War II resettlement, the Upper Adriatic region and Trieste served as a hinge between East and West, acting as collection points for both Italian and foreign refugees. The research focuses on several aspects: it explores the role of Trieste as a transit city and the Northeastern Italian border as a gateway to the West; it highlights the support networks involved in border crossing; and it analyzes the historical representation of Eastern European refugees, a group that, in the Cold War atmosphere, began to be seen as needing support from the "Free World." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Period poverty is a significant issue that impacts the physical and psychological well-being of menstruators worldwide which can further contribute to poor mental health outcomes. For menstruators living in refugee camps, access to menstrual hygiene products is often limited or non-existent, leading to increased anxiety, shame, and embarrassment. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of the period poverty and to comprehensively analyze the association between period poverty, reusing menstrual products, and depressive symptoms among menstruators living in refugee camps in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed refugee menstruators living in camps in Jordan, aged post-menarche to pre-menopause. Data collection included socio-demographics, menstrual practices, and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Period poverty was assessed through affordability and frequency of struggles with menstrual products. Chi-squared test, independent sample t-test, One Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Post hoc, and logistic regression models were used in the analysis. Results: The study included a diverse sample of 386 refugee menstruators living in camps in Jordan (mean age 32.43 ± 9.95, age range 13–55). Period poverty was highly prevalent, with 42.0% reporting monthly struggles to afford menstrual products, and 71.5% reusing menstrual products. Univariate analysis revealed that experiencing period poverty was significantly associated with a younger age of marriage, increased number of children, lower education level, lower mother and father education levels, unemployment, decreased monthly income, absence of health insurance, lower reuse need score, and increased PHQ-9 score (p < 0.05). Menstruators experiencing monthly period poverty were 2.224 times more likely to report moderate to severe depression compared to those without period poverty (95% CI 1.069–4.631, P = 0.033). Conclusion: This study highlights a significant association between period poverty and depressive symptoms among refugee menstruators in living in camps in Jordan, as high rates of period poverty were associated with a 2.2-fold increased likelihood of reporting moderate to severe depression. Addressing period poverty in refugee settings is crucial for mitigating depression risks and enhancing overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees have been identified as one group at the greatest risk of negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. This exploratory study examined the primary and secondary effects of COVID-19 and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 280 Syrian refugee adolescents (female = 124, 44.3%; male = 156, 55.7%) between the ages of 14–18 (M = 15.43, SD = ± 1.11) with previous traumatic experiences living in Turkey. The hypotheses were: (H1) number of past traumatic experiences should be positively related to the severity of PTSD symptoms, (H2) primary and secondary COVID-19 effects should be positively related to the severity of PTSD symptoms, (H3) secondary COVID-19 effects should mediate the relationship between number of past traumatic experiences and the severity of PTSD symptoms, and (H4) number of past traumatic experiences should moderate the relationship between secondary COVID-19 effects and the severity of PTSD symptoms. The results of the study indicated that the number of previous traumatic events had an effect on the severity of PTSD. The majority of participants experienced more secondary effects than primary effects of COVID-19. Most of the secondary effects (e.g., socioeconomic stressors) of COVID-19 were related to PTSD. However, only some of the primary effects of COVID-19 (e.g., COVID-19 illness in adolescents and their family members, short-term separation from family) were related to PTSD. In addition, H3 (mediation) was confirmed and supported stress proliferation theory, but H4 (moderation) was not confirmed and did not support stress sensitization theory. In conclusion, it is important to support both socioeconomic and trauma-based interventions for refugees post-migration to reduce their socioeconomic difficulties and the likelihood that they will develop PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration is widely considered to be difficult to define and even harder to facilitate. Whist the integration of migrants to the United Kingdom (UK) remains a 'hot topic' in policy, politics and public opinion it is also the subject of numerous attempts to conceptualise and measure it. In this article we draw on empirical research undertaken with a wide range of organisations working between refugees and powerful national organisations which perform everyday 'integration work'. We present a possible framework for operationalising and enriching the day-to-day work of the integration of refugees. We explore this work through the lens of the Equality Act 2010. In so doing, we aim to demonstrate that more closely aligning 'integration work' within the framework of the Equality Act provides both greater conceptual and operational clarity about how to enhance the integration of refugees in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many high-income countries are grappling with severe labour shortages in the healthcare sector. Refugees and recent migrants present a potential pool for staff recruitment due to their higher unemployment rates, younger age, and lower average educational attainment compared to the host society's labour force. Despite this, refugees and recent migrants, often possessing limited language skills in the destination country, are frequently excluded from traditional recruitment campaigns conducted solely in the host country's language. Even those with intermediate language skills may feel excluded, as destination-country language advertisements are perceived as targeting only native speakers. This study experimentally assesses the effectiveness of a recruitment campaign for nursing positions in a German care facility, specifically targeting Arabic and Ukrainian speakers through Facebook advertisements. Methods: We employ an experimental design (AB test) approximating a randomized controlled trial, utilizing Facebook as the delivery platform. We compare job advertisements for nursing positions in the native languages of Arabic and Ukrainian speakers (treatment) with the same advertisements displayed in German (control) for the same target group in the context of a real recruitment campaign for nursing jobs in Berlin, Germany. Our evaluation includes comparing link click rates, visits to the recruitment website, initiated applications, and completed applications, along with the unit cost of these indicators. We assess statistical significance in group differences using the Chi-squared test. Results: We find that recruitment efforts in the origin language were 5.6 times (Arabic speakers) and 1.9 times (Ukrainian speakers) more effective in initiating nursing job applications compared to the standard model of German-only advertisements among recent migrants and refugees. Overall, targeting refugees and recent migrants was 2.4 (Ukrainians) and 10.8 (Arabic) times cheaper than targeting the reference group of German speakers indicating higher interest among these groups. Conclusions: The results underscore the substantial benefits for employers in utilizing targeted recruitment via social media aimed at foreign-language communities within the country. This strategy, which is low-cost and low effort compared to recruiting abroad or investing in digitalization, has the potential for broad applicability in numerous high-income countries with sizable migrant communities. Increased employment rates among underemployed refugee and migrant communities, in turn, contribute to reducing poverty, social exclusion, public expenditure, and foster greater acceptance of newcomers within the receiving society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the North American Sanctuary Movement of the 1980s, a transnational network of churches and volunteers who used civil disobedience to spotlight the United States' harmful policies in Central America, provide a non-statist form of protection for forcibly displaced Salvadorans and Guatemalans, and challenge the unequal provision of the US's recently enacted asylum laws. Some of the research questions are deceptively simple: why did the Sanctuary Movement (or movements) exist? And, who were its leaders? Others are more utilitarian: what does the movement imply about the history of asylum in the US, and particularly the efficacy and equity of the protections set forth in the 1980 Refugee Act? Through these varied but related inquiries, this article suggests the 1980s Sanctuary Movement existed in the US because equitable asylum laws did not. The analysis concludes by underscoring sanctuary's continued resonances today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences is the property of Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)