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Background: Orofacial clefts are one of the most common congenital malformations of the fetal face and ultrasound is mainly responsible for its diagnosis. It is difficult to view the fetal palate, so there is currently no unified standard for fetal palate screening, and the diagnosis of cleft palate is not included in the relevant prenatal ultrasound screening guidelines. Many prenatal diagnoses for cleft palate are missed due to the lack of effective screening methods. Therefore, it is imperative to increase the display rate of the fetal palate, which would improve the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy for cleft palate. We aim to introduce a fetal palate screening software based on the "sequential sector scan though the oral fissure", an effective method for fetal palate screening which was verified by our follow up results and three-dimensional ultrasound and to evaluate its feasibility and clinical practicability. Methods: A software was designed and programmed based on "sequential sector scan through the oral fissure" and three-dimensional ultrasound. The three-dimensional ultrasound volume data of the fetal face were imported into the software. Then, the median sagittal plane was taken as the reference interface, the anterior upper margin of the mandibular alveolar bone was selected as the fulcrum, the interval angles, and the number of layers of the sector scan were set, after which the automatic scan was performed. Thus, the sector scan sequential planes of the mandibular alveolar bone, pharynx, soft palate, hard palate, and maxillary alveolar bone were obtained in sequence to display and evaluate the palate. In addition, the feasibility and accuracy of the software in fetal palate displaying and screening was evaluated by actual clinical cases. Results: Full views of the normal fetal palates and the defective parts of the cleft palates were displayed, and relatively clear sequential tomographic images and continuous dynamic videos were formed after the three-dimensional volume data of 10 normal fetal palates and 10 cleft palates were imported into the software. Conclusions: The software can display fetal palates more directly which might allow for a new method of fetal palate screening and cleft palate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Microsoft® Visual Basic software, WinClbclas , has been developed to calculate the chemical formulae of columbite-supergroup minerals based on data obtained from wet-chemical and electron-microprobe analyses and using the current nomenclature scheme adopted by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) for columbite-supergroup minerals. The program evaluates 36 IMA-approved species, three questionable in terms of their unit-cell parameters, four insufficiently studied questionable species and one ungrouped species, all according to the dominant valance and constituent status in five mineral groups including ixiolite (M O2), wolframite (M 1 M 2O4), samarskite (AB M2O8), columbite (M 1 M 2O6) and wodginite (M 1 M 2 M 32O8). Mineral compositions of the columbite supergroup are calculated on the basis of 24 oxygen atoms per formula unit. However, the formulae of the five ixiolite to wodginite groups can be estimated by the program on the basis of their cation and anion values in their typical mineral formulae (e.g. 4 cations and 8 oxygens for the wodginite group) with normalisation procedures. The Fe3+ and Fe2+ contents from microprobe-derived total FeO (wt.%) amounts are estimated by stoichiometric constraints. WinClbclas allows users to: (1) enter up to 47 input variables for mineral compositions; (2) type and load multiple columbite-supergroup mineral compositions in the data entry section; (3) edit and load the Microsoft® Excel files used in calculating, classifying, and naming the columbite-supergroup minerals, together with the total monovalent to hexavalent ion; and (4) store all the calculated parameters in the output of a Microsoft® Excel file for further data evaluation. The program is distributed as a self-extracting setup file, including the necessary support files used by the program, a help file and representative sample data files. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research is the most unwanted, and orphaned part of every discipline in Pakistan. Pakistan Medical & Dental Commission, Higher Education Commission (HEC) or numerous medical universities in the country have been responsible for promoting research, but their responsibilities are finished after counting the number of published papers by any candidate for promotion. HEC has developed a software - called HJRS, but you visit this site and find a jumbled-up data which is four years old. Out of 58 listed Pakistani medical journals only 4 are in 'W' category. Many of the journals have been derecognized, but listed. Research related software like plagiarism check, reference actuality check, reference accuracy check, language etc. are hard to find by the average researcher. 'Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care' was started in 1997, with the objective to foster the culture of research in the members of the neglected specialty of anesthesia, and the journal engaged renowned research fellows to write on the research related topics and published. This invited editorial sheds some light on the barriers to research and the suggested measures to promote research in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium imaging, especially two-photon imaging, has become essential in neuroscience for studying neuronal and astrocytic activity under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Current advances in the development of calcium sensors as well as imaging hardware enable high-frequency measurements of calcium signals in hundreds of cells simultaneously. The analysis of these large datasets requires special tools and usually a certain level of programming experience. Despite advancements in calcium imaging analysis software development, significant gaps remain, particularly for data acquired at a high sampling rate that would allow for the spectral analysis of calcium signals. The FluoAnalysis MATLAB toolbox addresses these gaps by offering a comprehensive solution for analyzing simultaneously measured calcium imaging and electrophysiological data. It features both GUI-based and command-line approaches, emphasizing frequency domain analysis to reveal network-level oscillatory signals linked to single-cell activity. In addition, the toolbox puts special emphasis on differentiating between astrocytes and neurons, revealing the interactions between the network activity of the two major cell types of the brain. It facilitates a streamlined workflow for data loading, ROI identification, cell classification, fluorescence intensity calculation, spectral analysis, and report generation, supporting both manual and automated high-throughput analysis. This versatile platform enables the comprehensive analysis of large imaging datasets. In conclusion, the FluoAnalysis MATLAB toolbox provides a robust and versatile platform for the integrated analysis of calcium imaging and electrophysiological data, supporting diverse neuroscience research applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its first release in 2016, the Cambridge Structural Database Python application programming interface (CSD Python API) has seen steady uptake within the community that the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre serves. This article reviews the history of scripting interfaces, demonstrating the need, and then briefly outlines the technical structure of the API. It describes the reach of the CSD Python API, provides a selected review of its impact and gives some illustrative examples of what scientists can do with it. The article concludes with speculation as to how such endeavours will evolve over the next decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The use of cutting‐edge omics technology to edible fruits has transformed the disciplines of fruit biology, pre‐ and post‐harvest investigations, metabolite biosynthesis and the identification of novel therapeutic fruit bioactives for health by leveraging varied omics data. Combining modern analytical chromatography tools (LC, GC) with mass spectrometry has significantly improved our ability to examine complex fruit tissues or extracted components, advancing our understanding of the fruit metabolome. Studies aiming at understanding the full metabolome and future quality characteristics have concentrated on quantifying the number of metabolites in edible fruit species and cultivars from diverse geographical locations. These studies have also helped to develop new databases for precise and comprehensive qualitative analysis of metabolites, allowing for the analysis of metabolite biosynthesis pathways to identify differences in metabolites among developed hybrids, metabolite origins and potential derivatives. Bioactive metabolite information is currently being utilised to manage illnesses, provide nutrition and creation of novel food products. Furthermore, this research has helped us better understand fruit quality and how metabolites interact with biological systems. In conclusion, this review emphasises the importance of metabolomics approaches in studying fruit metabolomes in the context of current research perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft condensed matter is challenging to study due to the vast time and length scales that are necessary to accurately represent complex systems and capture their underlying physics. Multiscale simulations are necessary to study processes that have disparate time and/or length scales, which abound throughout biology and other complex systems. Herein we present ezAlign, an open-source software for converting coarse-grained molecular dynamics structures to atomistic representation, allowing multiscale modeling of biomolecular systems. The ezAlign v1.1 software package is publicly available for download at github.com/LLNL/ezAlign. Its underlying methodology is based on a simple alignment of an atomistic template molecule, followed by position-restraint energy minimization, which forces the atomistic molecule to adopt a conformation consistent with the coarse-grained molecule. The molecules are then combined, solvated, minimized, and equilibrated with position restraints. Validation of the process was conducted on a pure POPC membrane and compared with other popular methods to construct atomistic membranes. Additional examples, including surfactant self-assembly, membrane proteins, and more complex bacterial and human plasma membrane models, are also presented. By providing these examples, parameter files, code, and an easy-to-follow recipe to add new molecules, this work will aid future multiscale modeling efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of law as a social process should combine an analysis of structures from a political economy perspective with a sociological focus on the practices of lawyering in mediating social relations and conflicts through the formulation and interpretation of legal texts. This approach is applied here to software, which has become the oxygen of the world economy, powering the digitalisation that has transformed economic activities and social life. The forms this has taken have been moulded by lawyers, battling over intellectual property rights in computer programs, enshrining them in national law and international standards, as well as devising the international tax avoidance strategies that have helped propel the giant digital-tech transnational corporations to global dominance. These contests have taken place through processes of formulation and interpretation of the legal concepts that both reflect and shape social struggles over economic and political power, mediated by law, in contemporary corporate capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HMD: Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the current digital landscape, artificial intelligence-driven automation has revolutionized efficiency in various areas, enabling significant time and resource savings. However, the reliability and efficiency of software systems remain crucial challenges. To address this issue, a generation of self-adaptive software has emerged with the ability to rectify errors and autonomously optimize performance. This study focuses on the development of self-adaptive software designed for pre-programmed tasks on the Internet. The software stands out for its self-adaptation, automation, fault tolerance, efficiency, and robustness. Various technologies such as Python, MySQL, Firebase, and others were employed to enhance the adaptability of the software. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the software, with a continuously growing self-adaptation rate and improvements in response times. Probability models were applied to analyze the software's effectiveness in fault situations. The implementation of virtual cables and multiprocessing significantly improved performance, achieving higher execution speed and scalability. In summary, this study presents self-adaptive software that rectifies errors, optimizes performance, and maintains functionality in the presence of faults, contributing to efficiency in Internet task automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, sustainability has become increasingly relevant in different areas of industry. However, from the point of view of the software companies, the concept of software sustainability is still underdeveloped, as software emissions are not as easily observable as in other sectors, such as the power generation. A starting point for software development companies to tackle software sustainability is the inclusion of actions focused on improving software sustainability within their corporate social responsibility (CSR). For this reason, in this work, a set of specific software sustainability actions aligned with ISO 26000 corporate social responsibility standard is proposed. By including these actions in the CSR of software companies, they can improve sustainability aspects associated with software. In addition, the proposal was applied to six leading companies in the software sector in order to check its suitability and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A major stream of research on symptom checkers aims at evaluating the technology's predictive accuracy, but apart from general trends, the results are marked by high variability. Several authors suggest that this variability might in part be due to different assessment methods and a lack of standardization. To improve the reliability of symptom checker evaluation studies, several approaches have been suggested, including standardizing input procedures, the generation of test vignettes, and the assignment of gold standard solutions for these vignettes. Recently, we suggested a third approach––test-theoretic metrics for standardized performance reporting–– to allow systematic and comprehensive comparisons of symptom checker performance. However, calculating these metrics is time-consuming and error prone, which could hamper the use and effectiveness of these metrics. Results: We developed the R package symptomcheckR as an open-source software to assist researchers in calculating standard metrics to evaluate symptom checker performance individually and comparatively and produce publication-ready figures. These metrics include accuracy (by triage level), safety of advice (i.e., rate of correctly or overtriaged cases), comprehensiveness (i.e., how many cases could be entered or were assessed), inclination to overtriage (i.e., how risk-averse a symptom checker is) and a capability comparison score (i.e., a score correcting for case difficulty and comprehensiveness that enables a fair and reliable comparison of different symptom checkers). Each metric can be obtained using a single command and visualized with another command. For the analysis of individual or the comparison of multiple symptom checkers, single commands can be used to produce a comprehensive performance profile that complements the standard focus on accuracy with additional metrics that reveal strengths and weaknesses of symptom checkers. Conclusions: Our package supports ongoing efforts to improve the quality of vignette-based symptom checker evaluation studies by means of standardized methods. Specifically, with our package, adhering to reporting standards and metrics becomes easier, simple, and time efficient. Ultimately, this may help users gain a more systematic understanding of the strengths and limitations of symptom checkers for different use cases (e.g., all-purpose symptom checkers for general medicine versus symptom checkers that aim at improving triage in emergency departments), which can improve patient safety and resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, scholarly editions of music have identified a managing editor and individual volume editors. Other contributors might receive an acknowledgement with a vague description of activities, with institutional support often appearing in the printed metadata. This model’s emphasis on single scholars perpetuates a myth, relying heretofore upon predominantly invisible labour. Digital editions require interdisciplinary collaboration combining musicological skills, technical skills, and infrastructural resources, thus challenging this model’s ability to endure. Moreover, digital editions proffer opportunities for reconsidering the roles, workflows, and knowledge structures involved in critical musical scholarship.Situated at the intersection of currently running and recently completed digital projects, continuously emergent tools, sociology, and philosophy, this essay reflects on the role of the editor in the digital age. Beginning with Howard Becker’s art worlds model of creative communities, it suggests a model based on FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) and CARE (Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, and Ethics) principles and the Music Encoding Initiative (MEI). MEI affords expansive metadata recording for contributors – composers, librettists, performers, editors, researchers, funders, etc. – to a work and its embodiments, which in turn enables broader visibility and empowers greater acknowledgement of the labour involved in such projects. Alongside other digital projects, this essay pays particular attention to how these technological and team-focused concepts are at- and in-play in the Reger-Werkausgabe Online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have significantly enhanced our understanding of the genetic basis of complex diseases. Despite the technological advancements, gaps in our understanding remain, partly due to small effect sizes and inadequate coverage of genetic variation. Multiancestry GWAS meta‐analysis (MAGMA) addresses these challenges by integrating genetic data from diverse populations, thereby increasing power to detect loci and improving fine‐mapping resolution to identify causal variants across different ancestry groups. This review provides an overview of the protocols, statistical methods, and software of MAGMA, as well as highlighting some challenges associated with this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gravimetric forward method is crucial in geophysical applications for a gravimetric interpretation of the Earth's inner structure. In this study, we present the gravimetric forward modelling open‐source software that incorporates a graphical user interface. This software allows data preparation, manipulation and result interpretation both spatially and spectrally. For spatial domain modelling, it uses prism and tesseroid elements, whereas in the spectral domain, it extends Parker's formulas within specified boundaries. The software's utility is demonstrated through synthetic models and real‐world applications, including calculating corrections for topography, sediments and consolidated crust using ETOPO1 and CRUST1.0 models. Performance comparisons show that Parker's method delivers computation speed superior to that of the prism, tesseroid and Terrain gravity forward (TGF) software, with variances ranging within ±12 mGal for Gz${{G}_z}$ and ±0.3 E for Gzz${{G}_{zz}}$ across different geological scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Characterization of microbial growth is of both fundamental and applied interest. Modern platforms can automate collection of high-throughput microbial growth curves, necessitating the development of computational tools to handle and analyze these data to produce insights. Results: To address this need, here I present a newly-developed R package: gcplyr. gcplyr can flexibly import growth curve data in common tabular formats, and reshapes it under a tidy framework that is flexible and extendable, enabling users to design custom analyses or plot data with popular visualization packages. gcplyr can also incorporate metadata and generate or import experimental designs to merge with data. Finally, gcplyr carries out model-free (non-parametric) analyses. These analyses do not require mathematical assumptions about microbial growth dynamics, and gcplyr is able to extract a broad range of important traits, including growth rate, doubling time, lag time, maximum density and carrying capacity, diauxie, area under the curve, extinction time, and more. Conclusions: gcplyr makes scripted analyses of growth curve data in R straightforward, streamlines common data wrangling and analysis steps, and easily integrates with common visualization and statistical analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this study is the software and architectural solutions for specialized systems that monitor the state of potentially hazardous facilities (hereinafter, PHF). The problem solved was the choice of a successful option for an architectural solution and the specialized software composition of such systems. A change in the architectural solutions and the composition of the software for monitoring the state of PHF is necessary because such systems are usually designed on the basis of the principle of parametric control over the main parameters of PHF. Such monitoring systems record the achievement of the pre-critical (or critical) value of one (or several) parameters characterizing the state of the object. Therefore, operational personnel have little time to implement measures to prevent accidents. The essence of the results is that, based on the use of expert evaluation, a methodology was devised for quantitative assessment of the architecture, the composition of specialized software and methods for monitoring the state of PHF. According to this methodology, one of the three possible alternative options for building an automated system for monitoring the state of PHF was chosen. It was possible to solve the task to choose the architecture, methods, and composition of the software for a PHF state monitoring system owing to the implementation of expert evaluation, which enabled a shift from qualitative to quantitative evaluation. The chosen option for building a system for monitoring the state of PHF is resistant to interference and allows for the detection of the threat of an emergency at the facility 1–3 hours earlier through the implementation of subsystems for forecasting changes in the state of PHF and diagnosing the state of the object. This ensures damage reduction and prevents injury to people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, libraries are increasingly leveraging new technologies to offer more convenient and efficient services. The design of intelligent library guidance software addresses this need by incorporating functionalities such as location-based services, book guidance, and data analysis. This software enhances user experience by providing personalized recommendations and streamlined access to library resources, thereby improving overall management efficiency. By employing RFID technology and Beidou positioning, the system can accurately guide users to their desired books and library facilities. Additionally, data mining techniques analyze user behavior and resource distribution, offering insights into reading habits and preferences. These insights are utilized to tailor recommendations and support decision-making in library procurement and resource management. The research and implementation of this intelligent system demonstrate its reliability, practicality, and innovation, paving the way for the intelligent evolution of library services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the first established library in the 7th century B.C., libraries have played a main role in civilization development due to their ability to help humans reach the required information easily. However, in the last decades, after the huge propagation of information from various sources, including the addition of books, other data types such as audio, video, and images have emerged. Therefore, finding an integrated system to manage this huge amount of library data became necessary. As a result, the integrated library system (ILS) improved its efficiency and ability to manage various and enormous amounts of data in addition to following the lending processes and inventory management. There are many commercial and open-source integrated systems used in libraries; selecting the best open-source integrated library system to achieve the library requirements is still challenging due to the variety of available libraries. Although these libraries are open source and freely available, the installation process requires a long time and expert effort, making selecting the best library system a sensitive and important mission. This survey demonstrates the most famous opensource integrated library systems and the essential technologies used to build them, along with the system specifications, to help librarians and educational and academic institutions select the best one for their requirements. Through reviewing the previous academic research, it was noticed that many of them had the task of selecting the right ILS, but most of them did not handle the programming principles based on it, which is the milestone in its building, so we recommended using an automated technique to evaluate ILS and select the best one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of simulation software applicable to the various stages of petroleum engineering facilitates decision-making and, at the same time, minimizes possible failures, problems, and incidents during each well intervention. In addition, a computer tool provides the user with instant and accurate results that can be used during personnel training and higher education. The objective of the present work was to develop an open-source computational tool with a graphical, numerical, and schematic interface to facilitate the teaching and learning of operations related to primary cementing. The tool considers four sections: (a) wellbore diagram, (b) identification of the relation between volumetry and the geometric design of the well, (c) integration of the mechanical state with the number of intervals, slurry design, and operating characteristics of the pumps, and (d) the wellbore diagram integrated by drilling, displacement and slurry fluids, according to each of the cementing stages. Among the results, it was combined programming with specialized technical and scientific material, considering academic and field experience characteristics. The program is a versatile tool that integrates the general mechanical state and each of the five stages with a maximum depth of 5,000 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite progress in computer automated solutions, constitutional isomer verification by NMR using one‐ and two‐dimensional data sets is still, in the main, a manual, user‐intensive activity that is challenging for a number of reasons. These include the problem of simultaneously keeping track of the information from a number of separate NMR experiments and the difficulty of another researcher subsequently verifying the assignments made without having to independently repeat the whole analysis. This paper describes a graphical interactive approach that overcomes some of these problems. By using concepts used to visualise graph networks, we have been able to represent the NMR data in a manner that highlights directly the link between the different NMR experiments and the molecule of interest. Furthermore, by making the graph networks interactive, a user can easily validate and correct the assignment and understand the decisions made in arriving at the solution. We have developed a usable proof‐of‐concept computer program, 'simpleNMR', written in Python to illustrate the ideas and approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of animal sounds in biology and ecology relies heavily upon time–frequency (TF) visualisation, most commonly using the short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrogram. This method, however, has inherent bias towards either temporal or spectral details that can lead to misinterpretation of complex animal sounds. An ideal TF visualisation should accurately convey the structure of the sound in terms of both frequency and time, however, the STFT often cannot meet this requirement. We evaluate the accuracy of four TF visualisation methods (superlet transform [SLT], continuous wavelet transform [CWT] and two STFTs) using a synthetic test signal. We then apply these methods to visualise sounds of the Chagos blue whale, Asian elephant, southern cassowary, eastern whipbird, mulloway fish and the American crocodile. We show that the SLT visualises the test signal with 18.48%–28.08% less error than the other methods. A comparison between our visualisations of animal sounds and their literature descriptions indicates that the STFT's bias may have caused misinterpretations in describing pygmy blue whale songs and elephant rumbles. We suggest that use of the SLT to visualise low‐frequency animal sounds may prevent such misinterpretations. Finally, we employ the SLT to develop 'BASSA', an open‐source, GUI software application that offers a no‐code, user‐friendly tool for analysing short‐duration recordings of low‐frequency animal sounds for the Windows platform. The SLT visualises low‐frequency animal sounds with improved accuracy, in a user‐friendly format, minimising the risk of misinterpretation while requiring less technical expertise than the STFT. Using this method could propel advances in acoustics‐driven studies of animal communication, vocal production methods, phonation and species identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revisiting the history of the development of software and communication technologies, this article demonstrates that while the early techno-utopian theories have been balanced by more sombre approaches, the emancipatory potential of productions whose outputs do not take the commodity form deserves further theoretical reflection. Social form and value-form literature provides a way to rethink publicly financed activities and activities of software communities as a variety of social forms of wealth and productions within capitalist social formations. Public wealth, it is argued, is a useful umbrella concept to approach the forms of wealth in the sphere of software, media and communication. With digitally storable matter, due to its replicability at near zero cost, it is of utmost importance that the state provides an institutional framework, primarily for capital, but also for public wealth, to be coded. In this setting, legal form, its content and function play a key role in the contested reproduction between forms of public wealth and capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is actively being applied for the interpretation of medical imaging, such as chest X-rays. AI-based software medical devices, which automatically detect various types of abnormal findings in chest X-ray images to assist physicians in their interpretation, are actively being commercialized and clinically implemented in Korea. Several important issues need to be considered for AI-based detection assistant tools to be applied in clinical practice: the evaluation of performance and efficacy prior to implementation; the determination of the target application, range, and method of delivering results; and monitoring after implementation and legal liability issues. Appropriate decision making regarding these devices based on the situation in each institution is necessary. Radiologists must be engaged as medical assessment experts using the software for these devices as well as in medical image interpretation to ensure the safe and efficient implementation and operation of AIbased detection assistant tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: A geographic information system (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. Department of Community Medicine was tasked with SARS-CoV2-IgG antibody serosurvey by Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, sampling 5000 people spread over an area of 181 sq. km. There were no real-time mapping apps available for field surveys. Aims: Our aim was to develop an easy-to-use GIS system with a shallow learning curve and real-time mapping for field surveys which could be easily deployed. Materials and Methods: The program was developed using PHP hosted on a virtual private server and using Google Maps Application Programming Interface (API). The field investigator shares location through telegram to a bot which parses message, decodes geo-coordinates, team information, and time stamp. The program then passes the information for further processing, viewing, or analyzing. The map is generated using Google Maps API at user request. The teams are segregated using color coding. Results: The data can be accessed at http://test.techlabel.in/. Over 638 households from which samples were taken were plotted by the data from ten teams over ten days. Real-time feedbacks were possible as the study progressed. Households plotted on the maps were verified by the respective field investigators after the study had completed and showed good accuracy. Conclusion: The introduction of GIS software such as ours could bring about a positive impact on small- and medium-scale field researches. The quality and internal validity of small-scale field researches could certainly be improved by using GIS programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population‐adjusted indirect comparison (PAIC) is an increasingly used technique for estimating the comparative effectiveness of different treatments for the health technology assessments when head‐to‐head trials are unavailable. Three commonly used PAIC methods include matching‐adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC), simulated treatment comparison (STC), and multilevel network meta‐regression (ML‐NMR). MAIC enables researchers to achieve balanced covariate distribution across two independent trials when individual participant data are only available in one trial. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the MAIC methods, including their theoretical derivation, implicit assumptions, and connection to calibration estimation in survey sampling. We discuss the nuances between anchored and unanchored MAIC, as well as their required assumptions. Furthermore, we implement various MAIC methods in a user‐friendly R Shiny application Shiny‐MAIC. To our knowledge, it is the first Shiny application that implements various MAIC methods. The Shiny‐MAIC application offers choice between anchored or unanchored MAIC, choice among different types of covariates and outcomes, and two variance estimators including bootstrap and robust standard errors. An example with simulated data is provided to demonstrate the utility of the Shiny‐MAIC application, enabling a user‐friendly approach conducting MAIC for healthcare decision‐making. The Shiny‐MAIC is freely available through the link: https://ziren.shinyapps.io/Shiny_MAIC/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of DNA polymorphism datasets for analysis is an important step in evolutionary genetic and molecular ecology studies. Ever‐growing dataset sizes make this step time consuming, but few convenient software tools are available to facilitate processing of large‐scale datasets including thousands of sequence alignments. Here I report "processor of sequences v4" (proSeq4)—a user‐friendly multiplatform software for preparation and evolutionary genetic analyses of genome‐ or transcriptome‐scale sequence polymorphism datasets. The program has an easy‐to‐use graphic user interface and is designed to process and analyse many thousands of datasets. It supports over two dozen file formats, includes a flexible sequence editor and various tools for data visualization, quality control and most commonly used evolutionary genetic analyses, such as NJ‐phylogeny reconstruction, DNA polymorphism analyses and coalescent simulations. Command line tools (e.g. vcf2fasta) are also provided for easier integration into bioinformatic pipelines. Apart of molecular ecology and evolution research, proSeq4 may be useful for teaching, e.g. for visual illustration of different shapes of phylogenies generated with coalescent simulations in different scenarios. ProSeq4 source code and binaries for Windows, MacOS and Ubuntu are available from https://sourceforge.net/projects/proseq/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycans participate in a vast number of recognition systems in diverse organisms in health and in disease. However, glycans cannot be sequenced because there is no sequencer technology that can fully characterize them. There is no "template" for replicating glycans as there are for amino acids and nucleic acids. Instead, glycans are synthesized by a complicated orchestration of multitudes of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Thus glycans can vary greatly in structure, but they are not genetically reproducible and are usually isolated in minute amounts. To characterize (sequence) the glycome (defined as the glycans in a particular organism, tissue, cell, or protein), glycosylation pathway prediction using in silico methods based on glycogene expression data, and glycosylation simulations have been attempted. Since many of the mammalian glycogenes have been identified and cloned, it has become possible to predict the glycan biosynthesis pathway in these systems. By then incorporating systems biology and bioprocessing technologies to these pathway models, given the right enzymatic parameters including enzyme and substrate concentrations and kinetic reaction parameters, it is possible to predict the potentially synthesized glycans in the pathway. This review presents information on the data resources that are currently available to enable in silico simulations of glycosylation and related pathways. Then some of the software tools that have been developed in the past to simulate and analyze glycosylation pathways will be described, followed by a summary and vision for the future developments and research directions in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano‐DESI) is an ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) approach that enables spatial mapping of biological and environmental samples with high spatial resolution and throughput. Because nano‐DESI has not yet been commercialized, researchers develop their own sources and interface them with different commercial mass spectrometers. Previously, several protocols focusing on the fabrication of nano‐DESI probes have been reported. In this tutorial, we discuss different hardware requirements for coupling the nano‐DESI source to commercial mass spectrometers, such as the safety interlock, inlet extension, and contact closure. In addition, we describe the structure of our custom software for controlling the nano‐DESI MSI platform and provide detailed instructions for its usage. With this tutorial, interested researchers should be able to implement nano‐DESI experiments in their labs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supported employment is a promising vocational rehabilitation intervention for improving disability employment. Its implementation, however, is not without challenges. Lack of funding and the heavy caseload of job coaches significantly constrain its impacts. A mobile software, avail® by CentralReach, was created based on the individual placement and support model for assisting individuals with disabilities to perform their job tasks. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of avail. A total of 17 participants with disabilities were recruited in a Midwestern state from the United States to try avail for a period of time ranging from 40 to 348 days. Participants' experiences, including perceived usability, acceptance, and satisfaction, were collected to determine the feasibility of avail. In addition, a pre- and post-intervention analysis was conducted to identify its effects on users' job satisfaction, self-efficacy, and self-determination. Participants of this study expressed positive user experience for avail. Specifically, they felt that avail was helpful for their job performance. The results also showed a statistically significant result for improving participants' self-determination. avail is a feasible and potentially promising application for assisting workers with disabilities in their job performance. Directly available on mobile devices, avail has several advantages, such as real-time support and good portability. Suggestions and future directions were discussed for further software development. A job coach is needed in the individual placement and support model (IPS) to provide on-site job support for individuals with disabilities. However, job coaches were typically overwhelmed by the heavy caseloads. A job coach application such as the avail was created, and this study was to test its feasibility and preliminary efficacy. The study showed that avail was appropriate for individuals with disabilities to use at work, and they generally enjoyed using the application. The preliminary efficacy showed that avail improved their job performances and overall self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note, we describe how to install and use the 'toponym' R package, which is designed for mapping and manipulating toponymic data from the GeoNames database. This introduction will allow even unexperienced users of R to efficiently produce maps and perform simple analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the Key Electronic Assessment Platform (KEAP), an electronic-based assessment platform created in-house at the College of Dentistry (COD), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It highlights the platform's integral value and demand within the educational system. The article introduces the KEAP system design and architecture, describes its features, tests, and implementation in addition to its maintenance and security. It also presents the outcomes of KEAP utilization and the level of users' satisfaction. The KEAP item bank has been expanded by more than 26,500 questions over the last four academic years and 1,255 exams have been administered. KEAP provides a highly secure structured framework for assessment planning, conduction, and evaluation. More than 90% of students and faculty are satisfied or very satisfied with their experience using the KEAP system indicating that it is well accepted by the end users. The development of KEAP is based on contextual factors in COD, KSAU-HS with the aim of creating a process for assessment that is valid, efficient, standardized, and highly secure. KEAP's design and successful implementation can provide a successful example of implementing electronic-based assessment in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with modern technologies and devices of the Internet of Things, features of providing their cybersecurity, current risks and the latest and effective approaches to high-level cyber defense in the architecture of the Internet of things. The problems of cyber threats in modern internet devices are diverse and generate a significant problem on the path of further promotion of IoT technologies. These are various and complex information risks of cybersecurity for processing and transmission processes in the IoT structures and devices that use different technologies of intervention in the main functionality. As the IoT devices and systems use the Internet and interfaces of the Internet, as well as wireless radio interfaces in combination with mobile operating systems based on high -yielding ARM processors, the risks of IoT cybersecurity are growing significantly and put in question the long - term stable functioning of IoT systems. Sometimes these risks of cybersecurity create a significant problem for information data in IoT systems, and significantly slow down their promotion in a number of industries. Therefore, this problem must be resolved. The work has evaluated and analyzed the problems of cybersecurity in the IoT, the existing approaches are considered and new effective practical provisions and approaches to ensure high cyber defense systems and Internet devices are suggested. The aspects have been considered and the analysis of the problems of cybersecurity of the Internet of things using approaches and methods of the improved protection of data transmission in systems and channels of the Internet of things that are connected to modern Internet information network is carried out. Approaches to more protected data transmission in IoTs, based on a comprehensive combination of known technologies with a combination of their aggregate use and symbiosis with other technologies, are proposed. This enables to enhance cybersecurity and reduce the risks of cyber threats in IoT systems that occur and also takes place in other modern information systems that are often connected and guided via the Internet. These approaches and principles allow to increase the reliability and overall protection of data transmission to IoT, evaluate the main factors of the impact of information threats and to reduce the consequences of their implementation. The prospects for the development of these approaches and methods in complex IoT data exchange systems are considered. The advantages of the method and approaches of cyber defense while the transmission of data to IoT and protected cryptographic processing and transmission of information in the devices and information systems of the Internet of things are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generalized hyperbolic distributions are fast becoming the most popular models for financial returns. In recent years, many variants of generalized hyperbolic distributions have been proposed in the literature. This paper provides a review of generalized hyperbolic and related distributions, including software available for them. A simulation study and real data applications are presented to compare some of the reviewed distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop and pilot test an App to help family and paid caregivers perform high quality oral hygiene care. Methods: A prototype of the App was refined based on stakeholder feedback (e.g., dental care professionals, direct care providers, nursing home administrator, family caregivers). The refined App was pilot tested with 16 family caregivers and 15 paid care providers of persons living with dementia (PLWD). Participants completed a pre‐test, watched an App demonstration, used it for 2 weeks, and completed a post‐test. Surveys included both structured and open‐ended questions. Results: Phase 1 data informed the refinement of the App that led to high acceptability and usability by the Phase 2 participants. Both family and paid caregivers reported a significant increase in attitudes toward providing oral hygiene care to frail older adults (p =.05 and p =.02 for family and paid providers, respectively), knowledge about oral health and care (p =.01 and p =.02), and ability to identify oral health problems (p =.005 and p =.01). Additionally, paid caregivers reported increase in perceived support available in providing oral hygiene care (p <.001). Conclusion: Stakeholder engaged approach helped increase the acceptability and usability of the App that successfully increase caregivers' attitude, knowledge, and abilities in oral hygiene care provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Propiedad Inmaterial is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Centro de Estudios de la Propriedad Intelectual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Morphometry is fundamental for studying and correlating neuronal morphology with brain functions. With increasing computational power, it is possible to extract morphometric characteristics automatically, including features such as length, volume, and number of neuron branches. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no mapping of morphometric tools yet. In this context, we conducted a systematic search and review to identify and analyze tools within the scope of neuron analysis. Thus, the work followed a well-defined protocol and sought to answer the following research questions: What open-source tools are available for neuronal morphometric analysis? What morphometric characteristics are extracted by these tools? For this, aiming for greater robustness and coverage, the study was based on the paper analysis as well as the study of documentation and tests with the tools available in repositories. We analyzed 1,586 papers and mapped 23 tools, where NeuroM, L-Measure, and NeuroMorphoVis extract the most features. Furthermore, we contribute to the body of knowledge with the unprecedented presentation of 150 unique morphometric features whose terminologies were categorized and standardized. Overall, the study contributes to advancing the understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Identifying the etiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) before endovascular treatment (EVT) is important but challenging. In CT perfusion imaging processed by perfusion software, we observed a phenomenon called patchy profile sign (PPS), that is, the hypoperfusion morphology in RAPID software is a discontinuous sheet pattern. This phenomenon is predominantly observed in patients diagnosed with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). The study intends to assess whether the PPS can be used to differentiate ICAS from intracranial embolism. Method: Patients with AIS due to M1 segment occlusion of the MCA who underwent mechanical thrombectomy were retrospectively enrolled. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the value of PPS in predicting ICAS. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of the PPS for prediction of ICAS were calculated. Results: A total of 51 patients were included in the study. The PPS was observed in 10 of 19 (52.6%) patients with ICAS, and in 2 of 32 (6.3%) patients with intracranial embolism (p < 0.001). Interobserver agreement for identifying PPS was excellent (κ = 0.944). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of the PPS for predicting ICAS were 52.6, 93.8, 83.3, 76.9, and 78.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The PPS on RAPID software is an imaging marker with high specificity for ICAS. Larger sample sizes are imperative to validate the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Outbreaks of coronaviruses and especially the recent COVID-19 pandemic emphasize the importance of immunological research in this area to mitigate the effect of future incidents. Bioinformatics approaches are capable of providing multisided insights from virus sequencing data, although currently available software options are not entirely suitable for a specific task of mutation surveillance within immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2. Method: Here, we describe the development of a mutation tracker, EpitopeScan, a Python3 package with command line and graphical user interface tools facilitating the investigation of the mutation dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 epitopes via analysis of multiple-sequence alignments of genomes over time. We provide an application case by examining three Spike protein-derived immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitopes restricted by HLA-DRB1*04:01, an allele strongly associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Mutations in these peptides are relevant for immune monitoring of CD4+ T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in patients with RA. The analysis focused on 2.3 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes sampled in England. Results: We detail cases of epitope conservation over time, partial loss of conservation, and complete divergence from the wild type following the emergence of the N969K Omicron-specific mutation in November 2021. The wild type and the mutated peptide represent potential candidates to monitor variant-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. EpitopeScan is available via GitHub repository https://github.com/Aleksandr-biochem/EpitopeScan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifitting is a computer program that was originally designed to model the reflection and transmission of shortwave radiation by multilayer nanofilms. Three years have passed since the introduction of this software, and in this paper the focus is on describing the possibilities of Multifitting with regard to off‐specular diffuse scattering and grazing‐incidence small‐angle scattering. The approach to the user interface and to working with the structure model remains the same, and the emphasis is on the ergonomics, calculation speed and intensive use of the program for technological and research tasks. However, the scope of the program has been expanded to make it more useful to existing users, and it may also be of interest to a wider audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pair angle distribution function (PADF) is a three‐ and four‐atom correlation function that characterizes the local angular structure of disordered materials, particles or nanocrystalline materials. The PADF can be measured using X‐ray or electron fluctuation diffraction data, which can be collected by scanning or flowing a structurally disordered sample through a focused beam. It is a natural generalization of established pair distribution methods, which do not provide angular information. The software package pypadf provides tools to calculate the PADF from fluctuation diffraction data. The package includes tools for calculating the intensity correlation function, which is a necessary step in the PADF calculation and also the basis for other fluctuation scattering analysis techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a structure of the algorithm and mathematical and software systems. The general characteristics of the algorithm for determining heat losses in the hearth of a blast furnace based on the use of the heat balance of the lower zone are presented. External heat losses in the process of melting occurring through the tuyere belt, barrel, and bosh, are determined by the difference between the input and output components of the zonal heat balance for the lower part of heat transfer. The determination of heat losses by the heat balance in the lower heat transfer part allows their value to be estimated according to the current information about the operation of the furnace under specific raw materials and operating parameters. The information support of the system is presented, the software architecture is described, the characteristics of the software modules are given, and fragments of its work are illustrated. The information modeling system is distinguished by taking into account the basic physical and chemical laws of the processes of the control object, the principles of system analysis, and the use of modern principles for the development and construction of mathematical models and software. Heat loss control is necessary to assess the condition of the blast furnace refractory lining and rational gas distribution, as well as to adjust the coke rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the engineering background of an iron nine where the perforation and blasting processes are divided,and multiple middle sections and multiple working faces are operated simultaneously, a follow-up survey method was adopted to conclude that the ron mine has difficulty in blasting operation control, untimely feedback from the process,and a small proportion of effective personnel. To solve the above problems, a progressive method including process analysis, problem posing, and risk assessment was used to carry out research on the inteliigent management and control system of underground muti-working face collaborative Wasting. The resutts indicate that there Is a strict sequence between the various processes of underground Wasting operations, the blasting equipment transportation and charging processes are the most dangerous and require precise control, the use of intelHgent software to coordinately supervise the muti--working face Wasting operation process not only achieves high precision control efficiency, but aiso reduces the accident efficiency of mine blasting operations. Finally, comWned wrth the actual operating condiiions of an ron mine, based on the sequential process of simuttaneous Wasting operations on muMpe working faces, an inte^igent management and control software for underground muti-working face collaborative blasting was developed using Python language, and the management and debugging of the Wasting working face was used to prove the control of research and development The software is suttable to assist in the supervision of the ron ore Wasting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Pathologists interpreting kidney allograft biopsies using the Banff system usually start by recording component scores (eg, i, t, cg) using histopathologic criteria committed to memory. Component scores are then melded into diagnoses using the same manual/mental processes. This approach to complex Banff rules during routine sign-out produces a lack of fidelity and needs improvement. Methods We constructed a web-based "smart template" (software-assisted sign-out) system that uniquely starts with upstream Banff-defined additional diagnostic parameters (eg, infection) and histopathologic criteria (eg, percent interstitial inflammation) collectively referred to as feeder data that is then translated into component scores and integrated into final diagnoses using software-encoded decision trees. Results Software-assisted sign-out enables pathologists to (1) accurately and uniformly apply Banff rules, thereby eliminating human inconsistencies (present in 25% of the cohort); (2) document areas of improvement; (3) show improved correlation with function; (4) examine t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding clustering for diagnosis stratification; and (5) ready upstream incorporation of artificial intelligence–assisted scoring of biopsies. Conclusions Compared with the legacy approach, software-assisted sign-out improves Banff accuracy and fidelity, more closely correlates with kidney function, is practical for routine clinical work and translational research studies, facilitates downstream integration with nonpathology data, and readies biopsy scoring for artificial intelligence algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To perform the calculations of the coulombic efficiency, areal and volumetric power densities generated by microbial fuel cells (MFCs), several procedures should be accomplished; this necessitates long period and efforts, beside the probability of committing errors. This article aims at developing a tool to support users, engineers, and specialists in performing these computations by developing a desktop software that can run on laptops and computers. A mathematical model was developed to perform the calculations. Next, a flowchart was generated, and the mathematical model was incorporated in the flowchart. Then, Microsoft Visual FoxPro 9.0 Service Pack 2.0 was implemented to configure the software by combining the flowchart, mathematical model, and interface creation. Data were obtained from government associations, wastewater treatment plants, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and literature. The data obtained for performing the calculations in the traditional way were utilized to generate output data which were matched with the output data obtained from the software. The results of both the traditional method and the program were congruous. The software is able to calculate the coulombic efficiency, area and volumetric energy density of MFCs by processing various feedstocks such as livestock manure and wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the potential drug drug interactions of patients receiving inpatient treatment in the intensive care unit and infectious diseases ward and using quinolone group antibiotics by using different interaction software programs. Material and Methods: The prescriptions of 100 patients who received inpatient treatment in infectious diseases service and intensive care unit at Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between January 2022 and December 2022 and who were treated with quinolone group antibiotics during treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of the patients included in the study, 62 were male and 38 were female. The mean age of men was 65.76 ± 16.22 years, while the mean age of women was 68.63 ± 16.29 years. While Medscape® detected a total of 1776 interactions, this number was 1432 in Lexicomp® and 1693 in Drugs®.While 0.33% of the interactions detected in the Medscape® software program were contraindicated, 3.77% of the interactions were contraindicated in Lexicomp®. Kendall W coefficient 0.94, Chi-Square test 281.12, p <0.001 were found to be statistically significant. The software programs used to detect pDDIs are highly compatible with each other. Conclusion: High agreement was found between software programs used to detect potential drug-drug interactions. Interaction classifications between software programs are different. Therefore, clinicians may benefit from different software programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital transformation of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) is being hailed as a panacea for the sectors' problems, with major actors in government and business promoting it as a benevolent harbinger of greater efficiency, productivity, better quality, and environmental performance. However, advancing digitalization in AEC is intertwined with a distinct political-economic logic that involves new constraints, dependencies, and a reconfiguration of power relations. Specifically, Building Information Modeling (BIM) as a digital convergence of three-dimensional building models, databases, and interfaces for multidisciplinary collaboration operates as a runway technology for digitalization and an entry point for platformization impelled by global software giants, such as this article's empirical case of software company Autodesk and its BIM product portfolio shows. BIM's linkage of governmental policy strategies with the techno-economic platform logic of software subscription models, open application programming interfaces, and cloud-enabled collaboration ensures management and control of construction data and software interoperability. At the same time, BIM's techno-economic and political configuration facilitates a near-monopolistic structure in the global architecture and construction software market. It thus grants one hegemonic company immense power to define what formats, standards, and data for building models and design processes are being used in creating the built environment. The expansive, intersecting logics of assetization, platformization, and datafication have been taking hold in the AEC sector, raising questions about their stratifying effects in the built environment and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To evaluate the performance of an in-house developed disk diffusion method for aztreonam in combination with avibactam against Enterobacteriales. Methods The in vitro antibacterial activity of aztreonam with avibactam against 204 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriales was determined by a disk diffusion method, with a broth microdilution method as a reference. Results The optimal S/R breakpoints for disk diffusion tests of 30/20 and 10/4 µg disks, calculated by the dBETs software using the model-based approaches, were ≥22/≤21 and ≥12/≤11 mm, respectively. On the basis of the estimated breakpoints, the CAs for disk diffusion tests of 30/20 and 10/4 µg aztreonam/avibactam disks were both 98.0%, with 0.5% major error and 37.5% very major error. Conclusions The home-made disk diffusion method is an economical and practical method for clinical microbiology laboratories to determine the antibacterial susceptibility of aztreonam with avibactam against Enterobacteriales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]