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Straipsnyje nagrinėjama mažų tikimybių didelėse populiacijose (pvz., tam tikros ligos, mirčių, savižudybių ir t. t. tikimybių) vertinimo problema, darant prielaidą, kad įvykių skaičius turi Puasono skirstinį su tam tikrais parametrais, ir taikant nežinomų tikimybių gama skirstinio modelį. Aptariami du nežinomų tikimybių pasiskirstymo modeliai: kai tikimybės pasiskirsčiusios pagal gama skirstinį (Puasonogama modelis) ir tikimybių logitai pasiskirstę pagal Gauso modelį (Puasono-Gauso modelis). Kalbant apie pirmąjį modelį, žinoma, kad jei nėra išpildyta tam tikra nesinguliarumo sąlyga, nežinomų tikimybių empiriniai Bajeso įverčiai sutampa su vidutinės santykinės rizikos įverčiais, o atitinkamas logitų pasiskirstymas turi išsigimusį skirstinį su nuline dispersija. Puasono-gama modelyje situacija panaši: gama skirstinio parametrai, gaunami iteraciniais procesais, konverguoja į begalybę ir negaunamos baigtinių gama skirstinio parametrų reikšmės. Nesinguliarumo sąlyga priklauso tik nuo populiacijų dydžių ir stebėtų įvykių skaičiaus. Nagrinėjamas Puasono-gama modelio taikymas atskiriems duomenų rinkiniams ir apibūdinamas iteracinių procesų veikimas. Aptariamas didžiausio tikėtinumo funkcijos dalinių išvestinių veikimas yra esminis Puasono-gama modelio nesinguliarumo sąlygai. The problem of estimation of small probabilities in large populations (e.g., the estimation of probability of some disease, death, suicides, etc.) is considered. The number of corresponding events depends on the size of the population and the probability of the single event. It is assumed that the number of events in populations has a Poisson distribution with certain parameters. Let us have two models of distribution of unknown probabilities: the probabilities have a gamma distribution (Poissongamma model), or logits of the probabilities have a Gaussian distribution (Poisson-Gaussian model). In the case of the Poisson- Gaussian model it is known that if a certain non-singularity condition does not hold then empirical Bayes estimates of unknown probabilities are equal to mean relative risk estimates, and corresponding distribution of logits of the probabilities have singular distribution with zero variance. In the case of the Poisson-gamma model we have a similar non-singularity issue. In practice it means that the shape and scale parameters given by iterative procedures for finding distribution parameters converge to infinity and we do not obtain finite values of shape and scale parameters. The non-singularity condition depends only on population sizes and the number of observed events. We will consider the Poisson-gamma model for some sets of data and we will show the behavior of iterative procedures. We will focus on the behavior of a partial derivative of the maximum... [to full text]

Vsi uporabniki elektronskega poslovanja se srečujemo s problematiko varnosti te vrste poslovanja. Predvsem sem ciljamo na uporabnike srednjih let in starejše. Lastna raziskava je pokazala, da več kot tri četrtine anketirancev že uporablja elektronska plačilna sredstva, vendar moramo izpostaviti, da je bila povprečna starost anketirancev 27.2 let. Namen diplomskega seminarja je bil seznanitev z alternativami plačevanja na internetu ter analiziranje le-teh glede varnosti ter prijaznosti do nas uporabnikov. Par besed smo namenili sami opredelitvi elektronskega plačevanja ter pregledu varnostnih mehanizmov, ki nas varujejo pred zlorabami. Nadaljevali smo z alternativami elektronskega plačevanja, tako da lahko najdemo tisto možnost, ki nam je glede na lastne kriterije najbolj blizu. Zadali smo si tri hipoteze s pomočjo katerih smo ugotovili najbolj optimalno možnost elektronskega plačevanja glede na kriterija varnosti in prijaznosti do uporabnika, saj menimo da sta to ključna elementa za sprejetje med vso populacijo. Trenutno je glede na naše zahteve najbolj smotrna izbira sistem elektronskega plačevanja Paypal, saj prodajalci ne vidijo naših finančnih podatkov. Za dvig uporabe elektronskih sredstev bodo v prihodnosti poskrbeli ponudniki plačilnih sredstev s pomočjo elektronske podpore vsem vsakdanjim opravilom. Poleg podpore bodo morali vlagati v vzpostavitev popolnega zaupanja v primeru, da bomo popolnoma prešli na elektronski denar. All users of electronic commerce are faced with the problem of the security of the this type of business. In particular we are target to middle-aged and elderly users. Own survey found that more than three-quarters of respondents already using electronic means of payment, but we must point out that the average age of the respondents is 26.2 years. The aim of the thesis was to learn about alternatives to paying on the Internet and analyzing them in the safety and friendliness to users. We devoted few words to the definition of electronic payment and review of security mechanisms that protect us from abuse. We continued with the electronic payment alternatives, so that we can find that possibility which fits to. We set three hypotheses by which we identify the most optimal option of electronic payment according to the criteria of safety and user-friendliness, we believe that these are the key elements for the adoption of the whole population. Currently, according to our requirements the most rational choice of electronic payment is system Paypal because vendors do not see our financial data. In order to increase the use of electronic means in the future take care of the payment of funds through electronic support for all daily tasks. In addition, support will be required to invest in the establishment of a trust in the case that we completely switched to electronic money.

Starejše generacije se soočajo s problemom računalniške pismenosti, saj v času njihovega izobraževanja in službovanja niso uporabljali računalnike in druge sodobne tehnologije. V Sloveniji je skoraj 90 odstotkov prebivalcev, starejših od 65 let, ki niso še nikoli uporabili računalnika oziroma interneta. To je bila spodbuda k organizaciji vseslovenskega prostovoljnega projekta Simbioz@. Simbioz@ je največji vseslovenski prostovoljni in medgeneracijski projekt, ki poteka pet dni v mesecu oktobru že od leta 2011. Letos bo projekt potekal že tretje leto zaporedoma in zaradi uspešnosti in zanimanja bo postal tudi trajnostni projekt. Mladi prostovoljci navdušujejo starejše k uporabi računalnika in interneta. Vsak dan, od ponedeljka do petka, poteka drugačen modul delavnice. Delavnice so brezplačne, saj mladi delamo to prostovoljno. Namen diplomskega seminarja je bilo analizirati seniorje, ki so bili udeleženi v projektu Simbioz@ 2.0 na Ekonomsko-poslovni fakulteti in ugotoviti njihovo stopnjo računalniške pismenosti glede na področjih osnove uporabe računalnika, brskanja po spletnem brskalniku, uporabe elektronske pošte in socialnega omrežja – Facebooka. Zadali smo si osem hipotez in na podlagi teh ugotovili, na katerih področjih imajo starejši težave. Pri projektu Simbioza bodo v prihodnje uvedli Simbioz@ mojstre, Simbioz@ šole ter medgeneracijski center v Ljubljani. Za dvig ravni računalniške pismenosti predlagamo uvedbo računalniških informativnih točk oziroma prostorov in klicne centre, ki bi omogočali seniorjem pomoč pri njihovi uporabi z računalnikom in drugih tehnologij. Za kakršenkoli nasvet in vprašanje se bi obrnili na prijazne svetovalce. Predlagamo, da se ustanovijo tudi društva, ki bi organizirala računalniške tečaje, člani bi bili tako starejši kot mlajši. Older generations are faced with a problem of computer literacy, because they did not use computers and other modern technology in course of their education. In Slovenia almost 90 percent of the population that are older than 65 years have never used a computer or internet. That has led us to organize an all Slovenian voluntary project Simbioz@. Simbioz@ is the largest all Slovenian voluntary and intergenerational project that takes place every year for five days in October, since 2011. This year the project will take place for the third year in a row and will become a sustainable project mainly because of the success and interes it has achieved. Young volunteers inspire older people to use the computer and the internet. Every day from Monday to Friday there is a different workshop module. Workshops are free as a voluntary youth work. The purpose of my thesis was to analyze the seniors, who have been involved in the project Simbioz@ 2.0 at the Faculty of economics and business and determine their level of computer literacy in the areas of computer basics, browsing the internet, the use of e-mail and social network – Facebook. We set eight hypotheses and based on these we were abe to indetify the areas which are problematic for seniors. The project Simbioza will in the future also be introduced as Simbioz@ master, Simbioz@ school and Intergenerational center in Ljubljana. To raise the level of computer literacy we suggest the introduction of computer information points or locations and call centers where seniors could get help with their computer use and other modern technologies. They could turn to friendly advisors for any advices and questions. We also suggest to establish a society that would organize computer courses.

ERP rešitev je popolnoma integriran programski sistem za upravljanje poslovanja. Ti sistemi nudijo podporo večini oz. vsem poslovnim procesom določenega podjetja. Največkrat podpirajo tudi različne valute in jezike ter podjetja različnih panog. V delu diplomskega seminarja smo predstavili in med sabo primerjali dve ERP rešitvi, ERP rešitev tujega ponudnika, Microsoft Dynamics NAV, in ERP rešitev domačega ponudnika, Datalab PANTHEON. Predstavili smo značilnosti, strukturo in metodologijo uvajanja obeh rešitev ter na podlagi teh podatkov omenjeni rešitvi tudi primerjali. Za primerjalno analizo smo izbrali SE različico sistema PANTHEON, ki je prav tako kot rešitev NAV namenjena malim in srednje velikim podjetjem na svetovni ravni. Obe rešitvi sta zgrajeni iz različnih modulov, ki so si med sabo precej podobni. Tudi metode uvajanja obeh rešitev se bistveno ne razlikujejo. Rešitev NAV se uvaja po metodologiji Microsoft Dynamics Sure Step, rešitev PANTHEON pa se uvaja na podlagi projektnega vodenja. Obe rešitvi se uvajata v šestih fazah, s to razliko, da ima metodologija Sure Step še dve dodatni fazi (optimizacija in nadgradnja), ki sta v uporabi po končani uvedbi. ERP solution is fully integrated software system for management of business. These systems provide support for most or for all business processes of an enterprise. They also mostly support a various currencies, languages and companies of various industries. In the seminar we presented and compared two ERP solutions, ERP solution of a foreign provider, Microsoft Dynamics NAV, and ERP solution of domestic provider, Datalab PANTHEON. We have presented features, structure and implementation methodology of both solutions and compared both solutions according to those data. For comparative analysis we have chosen the SE version of system PANTHEON, which is, in common with NAV, a solution for small and medium-sized companies on a global scale. Both solutions are constructed from different modules which are quite similar to each other. What is more, the implementation methods of the two solutions do not differ significantly. The solution NAV is being implemented with a methodology Microsoft Dynamics Sure Step, whereas the solution PANTHEON is being implemented on the basis of project management. Both solutions are implemented in six phases, except that the Sure Step methodology has two additional phases (optimization and upgrading), which is in use at the end of the implementation.

Diplomsko delo obsega analizo in postopek postavitve ter upravljanje strežniškega sistema, ki omogoča vsakemu študentu svoje delovno okolje na kateremkoli računalniku v računalniški učilnici Politehnike Nova Gorica ter centralno upravljanje uporabniških računov. Analiziran je vsak od petih elementov sistema: operacijska sistema Windows in Linux ter trije strežniki. Strežnik Samba omogoča sobivanje obeh operacijskih sistemov in prenosljivost uporabniškega profila. Strežnik Kerberos nudi močno avtentikacijo in zagotavlja varno povezavo med strežnikom in odjemalcem,strežnik LDAP pa vsebuje centralno bazo uporabniških računov z njihovimi informacijami. Tako zasnovan sistem je poskusno nameščen in pripravljen za prenos v računalniško učilnico. Dodatno so analizirani še nekateri strežniki in aplikacije, kot so spletni strežnik Apache, programski jezik PHP, spletni poštni odjemalec SquirrelMail in internetni forum phpBB, ki bodo razširili zmožnosti sistema. This diploma thesis encompasses an analysis, installation procedure and maintenance of a server system that makes it possible for every student to have his/her own working area on any computer in the Politehnika Nova Gorica computer classroom, and central management of user accounts. Five elements of the server system have been analysed: Windows and Linux operating systems, andthree servers. The Samba server allows coexistence of both operating systems in the same network and user profile roaming. The Kerberos server offers strong authentication and secure communication between server and client. The LDAP server maintains the central base of user accounts and their information. The system is installed experimentally and ready to be transferred to the computer classroom. Additional servers and applications that will extend the system functionality are descried, such as the Apache webserver, PHP programming language, SquirrelMail webmail client and phpBB internet form.

OLTP je vrsta programa, ki omogoča in upravlja transakcijsko usmerjene aplikacije, običajno za vnos podatkov ali povratnih transakcij. Poslovno informacijska rešitev, ki smo jo ustvarili z Access-om je OLTP produkt, saj v aplikacije vnašamo podatke. Rapid Application Development je življenjski tok razvoja, dizajniran za hitrejši razvoj in doseganje rezultatov višje kakovosti, kot tistih, doseženih s tradicionalnim življenjskim tokom. Z RAD pristopom smo z Access-om hitro razvili visoko kakovostno poslovno informacijsko rešitev za spremljanje proizvodnje in e-tehnološki list. Microsoft Access je zelo učinkovito orodje pri izdelavi manjših aplikacij za potrebe proizvodnje. OLTP is a type of program that facilitates and manages transaction-oriented applications, typically for data entry or reverse transactions. Business solution, we have created with Access is an OLTP product, since data is being entered in the application. Rapid Application Development is a life cycle of development, designed to be faster and achieve higher quality results than those achieved with the traditional life cycle. With the RAD approach in Access, we quickly developed high-quality business solution for production monitoring and an e-technology journal. Microsoft Access is a very effective tool for making small applications for use in production oriented firms.

V diplomskem delu je predstavljen odločitveni model za izbiro najprimernejšega dodatnega najemnega prostora za potrebe poslovanja Vzajemne zdravstvene zavarovalnice, d. v. z. Po raziskavi nepremičninskega trga in izločitvi neustreznih najemnih prostorov na želeni lokaciji smo se osredotočili na štiri primerne najemne lokacije. Slednje smo primerjali med seboj, skladno s kriteriji, postavljenimi v našem odločitvenem modelu. Pri odločanju smo si pomagali s programom za večparametrsko odločanje Dexi. Prav tako pa smo uporabili program VREDANA, ki nam je bil v pomoč pri analizi končne ocene s kvantitativnim in kvalitativnim vrednotenjem. Končni rezultat diplomskega dela je utemeljeno poročilo upravi o najprimernejšem najemnem prostoru na želeni lokaciji. Predlagani najemni prostor je bil izbran. In this diploma thesis a decision model for the selection of the most appropriate additional rental space for business needs of the insurance company Vzajemna d.v.z is presented. According to the research of the real estate market, and after the eliminating the non-conforming rental premises on the desired location, we focused on four suitable lease locations. The latter were compared according to the set criteria in our decision-making model. In the selection process, we used DEXi, a multi-attribute decision making computer program. We also used the program Vredana, which helped us by the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the final evaluation. The end result of the thesis is a report to the management of the insurance company on the most appropriate rental space on the desired location. The proposed lease location has been selected.

V sodobnem tržnem gospodarstvu lahko v zadnjih letih opazimo porast števila malih in srednjih velikih podjetij, ki so s hitro rastjo dosegla pomembno vlogo v gospodarstvu. Takšna podjetja so bolj prilagodljiva in s tem bolj konkurenčna. Zato je ustrezna celovita informacijska rešitev nujno potrebna za obstoj in razvoj podjetja ter posledično tudi za večjo konkurenčnost podjetja. V diplomskem delu smo preučevali celovite informacijske rešitve za mala podjetja. Opredelili smo pojem malega podjetja in kako je organizirano računovodstvo v le-teh. Ugotovili smo, da malo podjetje ni pomanjšava velikega, temveč ima svoje značilnosti. V nadaljevanju smo raziskovali pojem celovite informacijske rešitve ter kakšne zahteve imajo mala podjetja za uvedbo le-te. Raziskave kažejo, da mala podjetja povprašujejo po določenih posistemih celovite informacijske rešitve in sicer po kontni poslovni knjigi, analitični evidenci terjatev in obveznosti ter po fakturiranju. Vzrok za takšno odločitev je pogosto, da podjetje nima dovolj sredstev, da bi uvedlo vse funkcije, ki jih ponuja obsežena rešitev. Za vzorec malega podjetja smo izbrali podjetje Ahac in poskušali ugotoviti ali je celovita informacijska rešitev Adamshop primerna za podporo računovodstva v podjetju Ahac. Naše ugotovitve so pokazale, da je program primeren za trgovinsko podjetje Ahac, saj je dovolj obsežen in enostaven za uporabo. Najpomembnejša prednost celovitih informacijskih rešitev ni samo v zagotavljanju potrebnih informacij ampak omogočajo tudi, da podjetja izboljšajo poslovne procese. In recent years of modern market economy an increase in the number of small and medium sized enterprises is visible, which have achieved an important role in the economy, is visible due to their fast growth. Such enterprises are more flexible and thus more competitive. That is why an appropriate complete information solution is necessary for the existence and development of the enterprise and hence for competitiveness. In the thesis we studied complete information solutions for small enterprises. We defined the concept of a small business and how accounting is organised within these enterprises. We found that smaller enterprises are not diminished big enterprises, but have their own characteristics. Furthermore we researched the concept of complete information solutions and what demands small enterprises have for the integration of these. Research shows that small enterprises demand standard information solutions as: accounting business books, analytical records of receivables, payables and invoicing. The reason for this decision is often that the enterprise does not have sufficient funds to implement all the functions that the extensive system offers. For the sample of a small enterprise we chose the company Ahac and tried to find out if the information solution Adamshop for the support of accounting is suitable for the enterprise. Our findings showed that the program is suitable for the enterprise Ahac, since it is sufficiently comprehensive and easy to use. The most important advantage of complete information solutions is not only in providing the necessary information. They also enable the company to improve business processes.

Multidimensional data of large quantity and with many attributes are often difficult to understand for a human. Multidimensional data visualization where multidimensional data are transformed into lower dimension space is one ofthe ways to facilitate data comprehension. The trans formation results in appearance ofnew attributes the number of which is lower than that of initial attributes. In this paper we discuss the way to reduce the number of attributes of multidimensional data by using exponential correlation functions by taking into account that multidimensional data have clusters of similar data. Keywords: exponential correlation function, data clustering, multidimensional scales, visualization.

A problem of drawing specific graphs is considered emphasizing aesthetic appeal of the visualization. We focus on graphs related to the management of business processes. A particular problem of the aesthetic drawing is considered where the aesthetic allocation of vertices is aimed. The problem is stated as a problem of bi-objective optimization where the objectives are the length of connectors and the compatibility of the sequence flows with the favorable top-down, left-right direction. An algorithm based on the branch-and-bound approach is proposed.

Computerized systems with voice user interfaces could save time and ease the work of healthcare practitioners. To achieve this goal voice user interface should be reliable (to recognize the commands with high enough accuracy) and properly designed (to be convenient for the user). The paper deals with hybrid approach implementation issues for the voice commands recognition. By the hybrid approach we assume the combination of several different recognition methods to achieve higher recognition accuracy. The experimental results show that most voice commands are recognized good enough but there is some set of voice commands which recognition is more complicated. In this paper the novel method is proposed for the combination of several recognition methods based on the Ripper algorithm. Experimental evaluation showed that this method allows achieve higher recognition accuracy than application of blind combination rule.

Uporaba elektronskega poslovanje javnega sektorja v Sloveniji je še zmeraj zelo neizkoriščena. Kljub ponujenim e-rešitvam, se ljudje raje odločamo za osebni obisk na upravnih enotah, ministrstvih…. Zato je v prihodnosti potrebno državljanom in državljankam ter pravnim osebam ponuditi še več možnosti dostopnih preko spleta. Javni sektor lahko skoraj v celoti selimo na splet, obstajajo pa izjeme kot so zdravstvo, šolstvo… Diplomski seminar predstavlja javni sektor, informatizacijo javnega sektorja do sedaj ter možnost, kako z novimi tehnologijami in izdelanimi poslovnimi modeli pozitivno vplivati na javne finance. Using e-business in Slovenian public sector is still very unused. Despite the offered e-solutions, people prefer a personal visit to the local government units, ministries. It is therefore necessary in the future for citizens and companies to offer even more online options available. The public sector can be set almost entirely on the world wide web, but there are exceptions such as health, education. This diploma seminar represents public sector, computerization of the public sector so far and the possibility that the new technologies and business models produce a positive impact on public finances

Zaradi hitrih tržnih sprememb, ki se jim mora podjetje, če želi obstati na trgu, prilagajati, se povečuje uporaba IT v podjetjih, ki ima danes, zaradi velikega vpliva na poslovanje, strateški pomen. Pomembno je, da podjetje oblikuje ustrezno informacijsko strategijo in da je le-ta v skladu s poslovno strategijo podjetja. Zaradi konkurenčnih pritiskov na globalnem trgu se podjetja vse več odločajo za izboljšavo poslovanja, prenovo obstoječih IS in uvedbo celovitih informacijskih rešitev, rešitev ERP, ki podpirajo celotno poslovanje podjetja, omogočajo avtomatizacijo poslovnih procesov in izboljšajo učinkovitost zaposlenih. Tako kot uspešna uvedba in uporaba rešitve ERP zagotavlja boljše poslovanje podjetja, le-to prinaša tudi uvedba koncepta oziroma sistema, imenovanega Upravljanje odnosov s strankami, ki v poslovnem svetu predstavlja novo poslovno strategijo. Omogoča boljše zadovoljevanje potreb strank, povečuje njihovo dobičkonosnost in lojalnost. Ker se podjetja danes neprestano borijo z vedno večjimi poslovnimi potrebami, ki jih je potrebno opraviti v vedno krajših rokih, potrebujejo rešitev, ki omogoča hitrejše izvajanje procesov in odločanje. Ena izmed takšnih rešitev je Microsoft SharePoint, ki zaposlenim omogoča dobro komunikacijo, izmenjavanje idej in znanja, iskanje pravih poslovnih informacij ter posledično boljše poslovne odločitve. Due to rapid market changes, organizations have to adapt to and usage of right information tecnology is a key point here and a right way to final success. Today, the information technology has strategic meaning for doing business. It is very important for organization to implement information strategy, which is in compliance with business strategy. Due to constant competitive pressure on global market, more and more organizations decided to improve business processes, to renew existing information systems and to implement solutions for enterprise resource planning. Solutions ERP support the entire business processes, enabling the automation of processes and improving staff efficiency. The next solution, that improves business processes is CRM (Customer Relationship Management), which presents new business strategy and new way of thinking. CRM improves sales, marketing and service processes, that can help to increase customer's satisfaction, their profitability and loyality. Organizations also have growing business needs, they need solution, which supports faster business processes and decision making and helps to improve team work. One such solution is Microsoft SharePoint, which improves the communication between employees, the exchange of ideas and knowledge, improves finding the right business information and that leads to better and faster decision making.

V delu diplomskega seminarja smo raziskali eno izmed problematik poslovanja uspešnih podjetij. Podjetja so ugotovila, da elektronsko arhiviranje prinaša številne prednosti. Med najpomembnejšimi prednostmi je prihranek časa pri iskanju arhiviranih dokumentov. Prav tako podjetja z uvedbo elektronskega arhiviranja prihranijo stroške, zmanjša se možnost izgube dokumentov in poslovanje je preglednejše. Vloga elektronskega poslovanja v podjetju vedno bolj narašča in ob enem predstavlja celostno podobo poslovnih procesov podjetja. Na začetku smo predstavili zgodovino arhivov in razložili, kakšno je klasično arhiviranje in katere so njegove slabosti. V primerjavi s klasičnim arhiviranjem je elektronsko arhiviranje hitrejše, skrajša čas arhiviranja in posledično iskanja želenih podatkov. Prav tako se zmanjša možnost izgube ali manipulacije arhiviranega gradiva. Pomembnejša pridobitev je zakonodaja, ki predpisuje zakonsko podlago za elektronsko arhiviranje v Sloveniji. Ugotovili smo, da so v Sloveniji pri ponudbi sistemov za elektronsko arhiviranje bolj uspešnejši tuji ponudniki, saj imajo omogočen večji kapital, kateri zavira razvoj slovenskih ponudnikov. Na koncu smo podrobno opisali uvedbo sistema za elektronsko arhiviranje v podjetje. Predstavili smo postopek elektronskega arhiviranja in metode hrambe dokumentov. In this thesis we explore one of the issues of successful business enterprises. Companies are discovering that electronical archiving provides many advantages. The most important advantage is saving time while searching for archived documents. Companies with the implenmentation of electronical archiving save up costs, reduce the possibility of losing documents and more transparent businesses. The role of electronical business in companies is always increasing, while it introduces the image of business processes in a company. We first present the history of archives and explain what classic archives are and what its disadvantages are. Compared to classic archiving electronical archiving is faster. It reduces the time and consequentially searches od desired data. The possibility of loss or manipulation of archived material reduces as well. A more important acquisition is legislation which provides the legal basis for electronical archiving in Slovenia. Because of that, more seccessful foreign services offered systems for electronical archiving in Slovenia, because they have enabled larger capital inputs, which is breaking for the development of Slovene services. Finally, we describe the details of implementations of anelectronical archiving system in a company. We introduced the procedure of electronical archiving and document retention methods.

Živimo v dinamičnem svetu, ki se hitro spreminja in hitre spremembe se dogajajo tudi na tehnološkem področju. Tehnologija iz dneva v dan napreduje in tukaj ni izjema niti mobilna tehnologija. Mobilna tehnologija se je v zadnjem času izjemno razširila, uporabna pa je na praktično vseh področjih, tudi na poslovnem področju. Podjetja morajo vselej spremljati svoje zunanje okolje in ravno zato so podjetja, ki proizvajajo informacijske rešitve zaznale priložnost v tem, da svoje rešitve prilagodijo delovanju na mobilnih napravah. Na ta način je tudi ostalim podjetjem omogočeno, da pridejo do boljših, bolje razvitih informacijskih rešitev. Danes imajo podjetja, ki uporabljajo informacijske rešitve, ki delujejo tudi na mobilnih napravah, oziroma na tabličnih računalnikih in pa na mobilnih telefonih tudi več konkurenčnih prednost, saj so zaposleni bolj produktivni in pa bolj učinkoviti. S pomočjo sledenja konkurenci pozitivne učinke uporabe informacijskih rešitev za mobilne naprave vidijo tudi druga podjetja in na ta način se tovrstna uporaba naglo širi. Tudi v prihodnosti lahko napovemo svetlo prihodnost mobilnim napravam, prav tako pa tudi informacijskim rešitvam, ki delujejo na mobilnih napravah, saj se uporaba tovrstnih rešitev izjemno hitro širi. We are living in dynamic world, where all is changing very rapidly. Changes are happening everywhere, and technology is not exception. Mobile technology is spreading very fast and it is useful on every area, this includes business too. Companies must be monitoring their external environment all the time and because of this, companies, which produce information solutions has detected new chances on the market. They started with adaptation of their information solutions, with purpose that, they will work on mobile devices too. Companies have now better chances, that they find good, well working information solution. Companies, which are using information solutions, which are working on mobile devices too, has today big competitive advantage, because this kind of use is lowering cost and is increasing productivity of workers too. Because of this, use of information solutions on mobile devices is spreading and in near future we can predict, that market of information solution, which work on mobile devices too, will get bigger and more advance.

V diplomskem seminarju so predstavljeni trendi na področju rešitev ERP. Ponudniki rešitev ERP nenehno spreminjajo in dopolnjujejo svoje produkte ter jim dodajajo nove funkcionalnosti. Predstavljeni so naslednji trendi: x-ERP, zunanje izvajanje rešitev ERP, rešitev ERP kot storitev (SaaS ERP), ERP v oblaku in mobilni dostop. Zagotovo je najzanimivejša novost ERP v oblaku. Ta nudi številne prednosti, a obstaja veliko vprašanj, povezanih z varnostjo podatkov v oblaku. Pogledali smo, kako je z zunanjim izvajanjem rešitev ERP. Veliko organizacij se odloča za to možnost, predvsem zaradi znižanja stroškov, povezanih z lastništvom programske opreme. Predstavili smo SaaS ERP in raziskali njegove prednosti in slabosti. Pogledali smo, kaj je mobilni ERP in kaj omogoča. Na koncu smo pogledali Gartnerjev magični kvadrat in predstavili vodilne rešitve na trgu ter naredili primerjavo med tremi največjimi ponudniki rešitev ERP na trgu. In the degree the contemporary trends in the field of ERP solutions are presented. ERP solutions providers constantly change and complement their products by adding new functionalities. Here we present the following trends: x-ERP, external implementation of ERP solutions, ERP solution as a service (SaaS ERP), cloud-deployed ERP solutions and mobile access. Certainly the most attractive novelty is cloud-deployed ERP, which offers numerous advantages, but here is much concern regarding the safety of data stored in cloud. We looked at the possibility of outsourcing ERP solutions. Many organizations are deciding to use this option, particularly because of high expenses, associated with the software ownership. We presented the SaaS ERP and studied it’s advantages. We also looked at mobile ERP and it's capabilities. In the end, we looked at Gartner's magic square and presented the market's leading solutions. We also made a comparison of three largest ERP solutions providers on the market.

V Sloveniji se z informacijsko nepismenostjo spopada predvsem starejša populacija, v glavnem upokojenci. Velika večina pri svojem delu ni uporabljala računalnika in novih tehnologij, kar pa močno vpliva na njihov interes. Raziskava iz leta 2010 kaže, da je kar 80 % starejših od 65 let, ki še nikoli ni uporabljalo računalnika, od tega 90 % še nikoli ni uporabljalo interneta. Tisti, ki se odločijo za izobraževanje v to smer se običajno vključijo v različne delavnice ali pa se učijo sami. V diplomskem seminarju smo želeli ugotoviti ali je v Sloveniji dovolj ponudbe za informacijsko opismenjevanje starejših občanov. Nekaj ponudbe smo v seminarju tudi predstavili in opisali projekt Simbioz@. Kot študentje Ekonomsko-poslovne fakultete Maribor smo sodelovali v projektu Simbioz@ in se kot prostovoljci udeležili tri-dnevne delavnice v Ljutomeru. Udeležence delavnice smo povprašali zakaj so se odločili za udeležbo, kdaj so se prvič srečali z računalnikom, kakšno je bilo njihovo znanje pred delavnico, kaj menijo o medgeneracijskem sodelovanju itd. Odgovore in izkušnje smo tudi opisali v diskusijskem delu. In Slovenia, the information illiteracy is a deal of the older population, mainly retirees. The vast majority did not use a computer and new technologies at work, which greatly affects their interests. Researches show that in Slovenia until 2010, 80% of people older than 65 years never used a computer, 90% of them never used the internet. Those who decide for education in this direction are usually included in workshops or learn by themselves. In the undergraduate seminar, we wanted to determine whether there is enough offers in Slovenia for the information literacy of older citizens. We presented some of them and we described the project Simbioz@. As students of the Economics and Business Faculty of Maribor, we volunteered in the project Simbioz@ and attended in a three-day workshop in Ljutomer. Workshop participants were asked why they chose to participate, when they first met with the computer, what was their knowledge before the workshop, what they think of intergenerational collaboration, etc. Their answers and experiences we describe in the discussion part.

Kakšen program bo podjetje uvedlo, je v veliki meri odvisno od vodilnih oseb v podjetju, nekaj vpliva pa imata sigurno tudi cena in čas, ki ju ima podjetje na voljo za uvedbo. Pomembno je, da podjetje pravočasno ugotovi, kdaj je čas za nov informacijski sistem. Če ima podjetje informacijski sistem, ki ni med najnovejšimi, ga lahko konkurenca namreč prehiti. Tudi če podjetje nato zamenja svoj informacijski sistem in uvede novejšega, lahko traja, da bo spet postalo konkurenčno. Če pa podjetje pravi čas zamenja svoj informacijski sistem in uvede novejšega, ostane konkurenčno na trgu. Pri vsaki spremembi oz. uvedbi informacijskega sistema je pomembno, da se zaposleni čim prej navadijo na nov program. Sodelovati morajo na izobraževanjih, spoznavati nov program, tako da na koncu prestop na nov program ne bo tako težaven. Vendar pa se morajo pri tem zavedati, da bo trajalo nekaj časa, preden bodo program obvladali v tolikšni meri, kot so starega. What program will a company implement depends a great deal on the management personnel within the company. The price also has some influence, as well as the time that a company has available for implementation. It is important that a company discovers in the right time when the time for new information system comes, because if a company does not posses the latest information system, competetion can overtake it. Even if a company replaces the existing information system and replaces it with a new one, it can take time before it becomes competitive again. But if a company replaces the information system in the right time and implements the latest one, it stays competitive on the market. With every change and/or implementation of information system, it is important that employees get used to the program as soon as possible. They need to participate in trainings, learn the new program and with that the switch to the new program will not be as difficult. But they need to be aware, that it will take some time before they master the new program like they did the old one.

Tema diplomskega seminarja je analiza uporabe ERP rešitev v Savinjski regiji. V diplomskem seminarju smo predstavili ERP rešitve in njihov pomen za podjetja. V okviru tega smo predstavili težave s katerimi se podjetja srečujejo. Ob tem smo podali rešitve za njihove probleme in predstavili prednosti in slabosti ERP rešitev. Pri predstavitvi ERP rešitev nismo mogli iti mimo razvoja teh rešitev. Ta je bil postopen, saj so se prve predhodnice teh rešitev razvile v šestdesetih letih, ter se kasneje nadgrajevale. Z leti se je ta razvoj nadaljeval in nastale so ERP rešitve, kot jih poznamo danes. Temu razvoju, pa ni videti konca, saj se informacijska tehnologija razvija hitreje, kot kadarkoli prej. V nadaljevanju smo opisali zgradbo ERP rešitev. Pri tem smo opisali tri-nivojsko strukturo, kamor sodijo uporabniki in njihovi vmesniki, aplikacijski strežniki, ter baza podatkov. Prav tako je ERP rešitev iz drugega vidika sestavljena iz več modulov, ki ponujajo podporo posameznim poslovnim funkcijam. Sama uvedba ERP rešitve, je ključnega pomena za njeno uspešnost in učinkovitost. Zato smo jo na kratko povzeli, v enem izmed korakov »življenjskega cikla ERP rešitve«. Poleg uvedbe, smo predstavili še druge pomembne korake in njihove dejavnike uspešnosti. Opisali smo kateri so skupni postopki uvedbe ERP rešitve, saj različne rešitve ponujajo različne metodologije uvedbe. Smiselno se nam je zdelo trg ponudnikov ERP rešitev razdeliti na trg tujih in trg domačih ponudnikov. Pri obeh smo našteli glavne predstavnike in nato opisali. Opisali smo ponudnika z vidika kratke predstavitve podjetja in nato tudi izdelke, ki jih v segmentu ERP rešitve ponuja. V opisu ERP rešitev, smo na kratko predstavili, katere module podpira posamezna rešitev in kakšna je metodologija uvedbe. Uvedba in namestitev sta namreč ključne za uspešno delovanje ERP rešitve, zato je pomembno rešitev uvesti s pravilno metodologijo. Izvedli smo raziskavo uporabe ERP rešitev v Savinjski regiji. Za ta segment smo se odločili, ker v tej regiji ni dosti raziskav o tem področju. Raziskave pa se večinoma nanašajo na celotno Sloveniji in ne regionalno. Pri raziskavi smo si z anketnim vprašalnikom zaprtega tipa, s katerim smo poskušali pridobiti čim več odgovorov. Osredotočili smo se na podjetja, ki imajo vsaj 100 zaposlenih. V kontakt smo prišli s 65 podjetji, odgovor pa smo dobili od 25. Zanimala nas je predvsem zgradba informacijskih sistemov v podjetjih in njihova izbira ponudnikov ERP rešitev. Prišli smo do ključnih spoznanj v zvezi s tem. V Savinjski regiji ima večina srednje velikih in velikih podjetij uvedeno ERP rešitev. Največji tržni delež v vzorcu, ki smo ga zajeli, predstavlja svetovni ponudnik SAP (32 %), nekoliko manj Microsoft z rešitvijo Microsoft Dynamics NAV (16 %). Od slovenskih ponudnikov imata največji tržni delež podjetji Datalab z rešitvijo Pantheon (12 %) in Pertech z rešitvijo Perftech.Largo (12 %). Večina sodelujočih podjetij pa trenutno ERP rešitev uporablja več kot 6 let. Ugotovili smo tudi čas uporabe ERP rešitev, zadovoljstvo podjetij z njimi in uresničljivost ciljev, ki so si jih podjetja zadala pred uvedbo. Informacijska tehnologija igra vedno večjo vlogo v poslovnem svetu, zato je za podjetja pomembno, da znajo prepoznati njene prednosti. Ob tem pa morajo biti dovolj odprta za sprejemanje vseh novosti, ki jih ta tehnologija s seboj prinaša. The theme of this research is the analysis of the use of ERP solutions in the Savinjska region. Within this diploma work, first of all ERP solutions will be defined briefly. In this context, we explained and presented the problems that companies need to cope with nowadays. Of course, we could not have gone pass the development of these solutions. The development was gradual, as the first forerunners of the solutions developed in the sixties, and later these forerunners have been upgraded. As the years passed, this trend continued and the result were ERP solutions, as are known to us them today. However, it appears, that the growth of this trend will not end anytime soon, because of the information technology that is developing faster than ever. Afterwards, we described the three-lever architecture, consisting of users and their interfaces, application servers and the database. Also, the ERP solution from another point of view consists of several modules, which offer support for every individual business function. The actual implementation of ERP solution is crucial for its efficiency later in the process. Therefore, we have summarized it briefly, in one step of “life cycle of ERP solutions”. We described common steps of implementing ERP solutions, because different ERP solutions require different types of implementing methodologies. It seemed correct, to introduce providers of ERP solutions, by splitting them to foreign and domestic providers. In both of them, we have listed the main representatives. Some of them, we have also described more in details. In the description, we have put out few more details of the company and all the products (ERP software) that the company provides. Within the description we put out, which modules each ERP solutions supports and what methodology of implementing does each of them require. We conducted a research of use of ERP solutions in the Savinjska region. With questionnaire we prepared, we tried to get as many answers as we could. We focused on the companies that have at least 100 employees and got ourselves contacts from 65 companies. 25 completed questionnaires were posted back to us. Our basic goal was to find out the structure of informational systems in each company and their choice of the ERP software provider. Worlds provider of ERP solutions SAP, has the highest market share in Savinjska region (32 %). The second highest market share in Savinjska region has Microsoft, with its Microsoft Dynamics NAV (16 %). Slovenian biggest ERP solution providers in Savinjska region are Datalab with Pantheon (12 %) and Perftech with Perftech.Largo (12 %). Most of companies uses their current ERP solutions for more than 6 years. We have also got few important conclusions, such as company’s satisfaction with their ERP software, the level of achieved goals they have set before the implementation and similar things. Informational technology plays an important role in the world of business, and it it’s role is still increasing, which is why it is really important for organizations to recognize its benefits. In the same time, it should be available enough to receive as much advantages as ERP solutions brings.

Vsako podjetje, ne glede na velikost, želi obdržati svoje stranke. Edini način za dosego tega pa je, da jih naredijo zveste svojim izdelkom oziroma storitvam. Eden od pristopov prilagoditve poslovanja je upravljanje odnosov s strankami oziroma tako imenovani CRM (angl. Customer Relationship Management). CRM omogoča učinkovito komuniciranje s strankami, zbiranje podatkov o strankah, prodaji in projektih ter enostavno obdelavo poda-tkov. Bistvo CRM-ja je pridobivanje, razvoj in ohranitev zadovoljstva zvestih strank. Gradnja lojalnosti strank vključuje razumevanje in prepoznavanje različnosti strank ter uporabo teh informacij za oblikovanje različnih pristopov poslovanja z različnimi strankami. Da lahko podjetje to doseže, mora vedeti, kdo so njegove stranke kot posamezniki – ali je stranka donosna, ali posluje s konkurenco in podobno. Cena pridobivanja novih strank je precej višja od cene zadržanja obstoječih. V času, ko je konkurenčni boj na vseh trgih oster in neizprosen, morajo podjetja v pridobivanje novih strank vlagati veliko denarja. Gre za vlaganja v oglaševanje, različne oblike pospeševanja prodaje, pridobivanje publicitete. Vse te stroške je nato treba odšteti od prihodkov, ki jih je podjetju prinesel nov odjemalec, kar pomeni, da je ta tako manj donosen kot obstoječi. Kakovostno upravljanje odnosov s strankami je pomembna konkurenčna prednost podjetja. Če so odjemalci zadovoljni z odnosom, je verjetnost, da bodo odšli h konkurenci, majhna. Zato je v današnjem času za uspešno podjetje zelo pomembno, da uvede kakovosten sistem upravljanja odnosov s strankami in informacij o strankah. Any company, regardless of size, wants to keep its customers. The only way to achieve this is to make them loyal to your products or services. One of the approaches to adaptation of the business is "customer relationship management" or the so called CRM. CRM enables an effective communication with clients, collecting data about customers, sales and projects as well as easy processing process of data. The essence of CRM is the acquisition, development and maintenance of the satisfaction of their loyal customers. Construction of the loyalty of clients includes understanding and recognition of the diversity of clients and the use of such information for the formulation of the different approaches towards different parties. To achieve this, the company must have a basic knowledge of its customers as individuals – if the customer is profitable, or operating with competition and the like. The price of the acquisition of new customers is much higher than the price the retention of existing ones. At a time when the fight is competitive in all markets, sharp and fearless, companies must invest a lot of money in the acquisition of new customers: in forms of in-vestments in various forms of advertising, sales promotion, publicity. All of these costs should then be deducted from the revenue that the company brought a new client, which means that it is less profitable as existing. Quality management of relationships with clients is an important competitive advantage of the company. If the clients are satisfied with the relationship, the likelihood of them going to the competition is small. Therefore, it is very important to introduce the quality man-agement system of relations with customers and information about clients for the success-ful company in today's times.

Doktorska disertacija podaja ocenjevanje vlažnosti tal iz podatkov radarja z umetno odprtino (ang. Synthetic Aperture Radar – SAR), kar se izvaja s pretvorbo koeficienta povratnega sipanja radarskih mikrovalov v relativno dielektrično konstanto, preko katere se le-ta pretvori v nam razumljivejšo pro-storninsko vlažnost tal. Novost, ki jo podajam v doktorski disertaciji, je vpeljava novega modela na področju ocenjevanja vlažnosti tal. Predlagani model deluje v pasu X radarskih mikrovalov, pri katerem smo poleg odprtih površin upoštevali tudi prekritost z nizko vegetacijo. Delovanje algoritma ocenjevanja vlažnosti tal primerjamo z merjenimi podatki terenskih meritev, medtem ko koeficiente povratnega sipanja pridobimo iz visoko-ločljivih TerraSAR-X slik SAR z različnimi parametri radarja SAR, kar zajema različne vpadne kote, polarizacijo in razdaljno pasovno širino. V sklopu disertacije predlagamo dva modela, izmed katerih je prvi osnovan na Shi pol-empiričnemu modelu in deluje le na odprtih površinah oz. področjih brez prisotnosti vegetacije. Ta model modifici-ramo z vpeljavo novih koeficientov modela, ki jih določimo z regresijskimi metodami v kombinaciji s terenskimi meritvami, kjer uporabimo algoritem minimalne povprečne kvadratne napake. Drugi, splošnejši model, ki deluje tudi na področjih prekritih z nizko vegetacijo, je osnovan na modelu »voda-oblak«, kateremu je v osnovi dodan še dodaten t.i. vegetacijski člen, ki nam omogoča ocenjevanje vlažnosti tal tudi na predelih, kjer se nahaja nizka rast vegetacije. Ocenjevanje vlažnosti je poleg parametrov radarja odvisno še od hrapavosti površja, le to pa smo upoštevali v obliki parametra RMS višine. Preostala parametra predstavljata še delno prekritost z vegetacijo in Fresnelov refleksijski koeficient. Ker ti parametri vnaprej niso znani, smo model zapisali v matrični obliki, tako da lahko model vpeljemo v iterativno shemo regularizacije Tikhonova. Algoritem za ocenjevanje neznanih parametrov tal izhaja iz dobrih lastnosti regularizacije slik, kjer želimo s parametri regularizacije odpraviti ali kompenzirati efekte korelacijske dolžine in korelacijske funkcije. Eksperimentalni rezultati so pokazali uporabnost obeh modelov, vendar primerjava modelov kaže, da pri rezultatih prednjači predlagan dvokomponentni model, osnovan na modelu voda-oblak z iterativno regularizacijo Tikhonova. This dissertation presents soil-moisture estimation from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, where backscattering coefficient is transformed into relative dielectric constant from which it is pos-sible to retrieve volumetric soil-moisture values. The novelty of this dissertation is a development of a new soil-moisture parameter retrieval model. The proposed model works at X-band microwave radiation, and is composed from bare-soil estimation with additional correction part for small vegeta-tion. The soil-moisture estimation algorithm is compared with in-situ measurements collected simulta-neously to image acquisitions. For this dissertation high-resolution spot-light TerraSAR-X images were collected under different radar parameters, which include: various incidence angles, polarizations and range bandwidths. In this dissertation two different soil moisture estimation models are proposed, where the first one is based on the Shi semi-empirical model, thus it only works on bare-soil surfaces. The Shi semi-empirical model is modified in a sense, that new polynomials are introduced in the Shi model equation. Polynomial parameters are later determined using real synthetic aperture radar images represented as backscattering coefficients and in-situ measurement values. The second proposed model is more general model, because it is able to estimate soil-moisture from areas with small vegetation and is based on the water-cloud model. The soil-moisture is not only dependent on radar parameters, but also on soil surface roughness, that can be described with surface RMS height, correlation length, and correlation’s function. The other unknown parameters are vegetation fractional part and Fresnel’s reflectivity coefficient. The idea of the proposed model is that it is possible to estimate unknown parameters by using good properties of data restoration techniques, for which this dissertation relies on the Tikhonov regularization. This regularization estimates the unknown soil moisture parameters, where regularization parameters should cancel out or compensate the correla-tion length and correlation’s function. Experimental results showed that the proposed models provide good results for estimating soil-moisture on bare-soils and areas with small vegetation. However, the results show far superior estimation accuracy for the proposed two component model based on water-cloud model with Tikhonov regularization scheme.

Danes je uspešnost organizacij in podjetij v veliki meri odvisna tudi od učinkovitosti elektronskega poslovanja. Ta prinaša nove poslovne priložnosti, omogoča optimizacijo poslovnih procesov in s tem znižuje stroške. Hiter razvoj informacijske tehnologije spreminja modele in organiziranost podjetij. To velja ob predpostavki, da imajo podjetja ustrezno informacijsko tehnologijo in sledijo razvoju. Elektronsko računovodstvo se je trenutno razvilo do faze, da so vnosi enkratni, podatki stalno osveženi, možnosti napak pa minimalizirane. Hitrost informacij je večja, hkrati pa smo lahko krajevno in časovno neodvisni. Nadaljnji razvoj teži k temu, da se izloči potreba po fizični prisotnosti papirja, dokumentacija pa bi bila elektronska pripeta elektronskim dokumentom ter tako venomer na vpogled. S tem bi se zagotovila večja varnost, sledljivost in preglednost poslovanja. Programi za računovodstvo, ki jih ponujajo na našem trgu se med seboj ne razlikujejo bistveno. Vsi ponujajo osnovne funkcije računovodstva, delujejo na več možnih načinov in si prizadevajo razvoj razširiti na brezpapirno poslovanje. Omenjeni programi v nalogi so namenjeni predvsem mikro in manjšim podjetjem ter računovodskim servisom. The success of organisations and companies today is quite dependant on effectiveness of electronic business management. Such management brings new business oportunities, enables optimal business process and by doing so also reduces the cost. Fast developement of information technology changes the models and organisational structure of companies. This all applies when companies have adequate information technology and are following the development. Electronic accounting has recently evolved to a stage where inputs are one time only, intel is constantly refreshed and the possibility of mistakes minimalised. The speed of informations has increased yet we are independent of time and location. Further development is leaning towards extricating the need for physical presence of the paper and attaching the documentation to electronic documents and therefore keeping it always available. Thus there would be more security, traceability and transparency of business management Accounting software offered in our market do not diverse a lot. They all offer basic functions of accounting, they are applicable in multiple manners and they are leaning towards paperless business management. Software mentioned further along is mainly used for micro companies, small companies and accounting services.

Problem je lahko tako praktična kot miselna situacija, za katero poskušamo najti način ali postopek rešitve. Postopek reševanja problema teče od nekega začetnega stanja do zaželenega končnega stanja, vmes pa nastopajo ovire. Končno stanje je običajno rešitev problema. Definicije problema se v teoriji razlikujejo, vendar je vsem skupna karakterizacija, da problem predstavljajo tri že omenjene faze oziroma komponente in sicer: neko začetno stanje, končno (želeno) stanje in ovire na poti iz začetnega stanja v končno. Pot do končnega stanja oziroma rešitve obsega zaporedje korakov, ki ga imenujemo strategija. Strategija je vzorec ali miselni napotek, ki privede do rešitve problema oziroma tvorbe sklepa. Ker se problemi razlikujejo glede na področje iz katerega izhajajo, je izbira strategije obenem neposredno povezana s problemom. V raziskavah so bile prepoznane štiri temeljne strategije reševanja problemov, in sicer: analiza, primerjava, sklepanje in interpretacija in ovrednotenje. Izkaže pa se, da izbira strategije ni vedno enoznačna ampak reševanje določenega problema lahko vključuje tudi hkratno uporabo več strategij oziroma njihovo kombinacijo. Nabor strategij reševanja problemov združimo pod skupen pojem strategije presoje. V praksi je na različnih področjih mogoče ugotavljati, katere izmed strategij presoje so bile pri reševanju problema uporabljene. Za preučevanju uporabe strategij presoje potrebujemo probleme, ki jih najpogosteje predstavimo v obliki nalog. Naloga/problem služi kot raziskovalno orodje, vendar se razlikuje glede na specifično strategijo katere uporabo ugotavljamo ter področje. Raziskave kažejo, da je rešitev problema in s tem izbira strategije reševanja problema tesno povezana tudi s poznavanjem področja od koder problem izhaja oziroma znanjem in izkušnjami posameznika. Prav tako je izbira oziroma uporaba strategije lahko odvisna tudi od učinka drugih dejavnikov, kot sta oblika (vrsta) učnega gradiva in učni pristop oziroma način pridobivanja znanja v fazi priprav na reševanje problemov. Za pridobivanje znanja s področja pedagoškega raziskovanja je mogoče uporabljati tradicionalno učno gradivo ali multimedijska učna gradiva. Zato smo za potrebe študijskega predmeta izdelali multimedijsko učno gradivo, ki nadomešča uporabo tradicionalnega učnega gradiva. Vendar se je potrebno zavedati, da je cilj uporabe učnih gradiv doseči predviden nivo znanja in sicer neodvisno od vrste uporabljenega učnega gradiva. Glede na vrsto učnega gradiva je spremenjen le način pridobivanja znanja. V predstavljeni raziskavi smo s pedagoškim eksperimentom preučevali ali ima uporaba multimedijskega učnega gradiva uporabljenega v pripravi na reševanje problemov, učinek na uspešnost uporabe posamezne strategije v procesu reševanja problemov s področja pedagoškega raziskovanja. Pripravili smo področno specifične raziskovalne probleme, ki so bili oblikovani tako, da je bila za njihovo rešitev predvidena uporaba določene strategije in tudi kombinacije strategij. Študente smo razdelili v dve skupini. Ena skupina študentov je za pripravo na reševanje problemov za preverjanje uporabe strategij presoje uporabljala multimedijsko učno gradivo, druga pa tradicionalno. Po končanem reševanju problemov smo primerjali dosežke študentov obeh skupin. Izidi raziskave so pokazali, da je multimedijsko učno gradivo dejavnik, ki ima v fazi priprave na preizkus reševanja problemov učinek na uspešnejšo rabo večine strategij reševanja problemov. Dosežki študentov ki so za pripravo na reševanje problemov uporabljali multimedijsko učno gradivo, se pri uporabi strategij statistično značilno razlikujejo od študentov, ki so uporabljali tradicionalno učno gradivo. Dosežki prvih so višji. Tudi pri uporabi strategije ovrednotenja se je pokazalo, da ima uporaba multimedijskega učnega gradiva učinek na uspešno uporabo strategije, vendar le pri starejših uporabnikih. Preverjanje uporabe kombinacije strategij je The problem can be as practical as a mental situation for which we are trying to find a way or method for its solution. The process of solving the problem is starting from problems’ initial state to the desired final state confronting some impediments. Usually the final state is considered as the problems’ solution. Definition of a problem in the theory differs, but all common characterization of the problem is the already mentioned three phases or components, namely: an initial state, final (desired) status and impediments on the path from initial state to the final. The sequence of steps on the path to the final state or solution is the strategy. The strategy can be considered as pattern or mental direction that leads to the solution of the problem or formation of conclusion. Because the problems vary in scope from which they originate the selection of strategy is directly related to the problem itself. In researching four basic strategies of problem solving are identified as: analysis, comparison, inference and interpretation, and evaluation. The selection of the strategy is not always unique. In the process of solving the specific problem the simultaneous use of multiple strategies or their combinations may be involved. To describe the strategies independently of the particular description the term reasoning strategies is used. At many different fields the assessment of involved problem solving strategies can be performed by presenting problems in forms of questions or tasks. The problem in any of its forms serves as research tool in the process of assessment but it varies depending on the specific strategy and the field from which the problem originates. Researching results are showing that the solution of the problem and the chosen strategy are closely related to the knowledge and expertise of the individual. The selection and application of the strategy may also depend on the impact of other factors such as the form of learning materials, teaching approaches or methods of acquiring knowledge in process of preparation for problem solving. To acquire the knowledge in the field of educational research the traditional learning materials or multimedia learning materials can be used. In direction to meet the requirements of the learning subject of pedagogical methodology and to replace the learning subject’s traditional learning materials the multimedia learning material was produced. However it is necessary to be aware that the aim of the application of any kind of teaching materials is to achieve the certain level of knowledge independently from the form of the presented learning materials. The form of learning materials only influences the way how the knowledge is acquired. In the present research the effect of multimedia learning materials to the application of the particular reasoning strategy was investigated. Multimedia learning material was used in the process of preparation for solving of specific problems in educational research. The pedagogical experiment was performed in which the participating students’ were divided into two groups. The students of the experimental group were preparing themselves to the problem solving using the multimedia learning material. The students of the controlling group were acquiring the knowledge using the traditional learning material. We prepared many specific problems for which solutions only the particular strategy is intended to be used including some problems where the combination of strategies was anticipated. The problems were introduced to the both groups of the students. After the completion the achievements of both groups of students were compared and evaluated. Results are showing that the multimedia learning material used in the phase of preparation has the effect to the application of the particular reasoning strategy. The achievements of the students who used the multimedia learning material in the phase of preparation were statistically significantly higher in solving problems using the strategies of analysis