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In this study, a new ellipse‐fitting algorithm is proposed to achieve the reconstruction of bubble shapes in bubbly flow captured by a high‐speed camera in the gas–liquid two‐phase column reactor. Bubble flow patterns and geometric parameters in the experimental images are recognized and identified successfully, represented by means of the topological parameters. Three logical steps are carried out in detail. First, the area threshold and the circularity factors are established to identify the bubbles whether belonging to a single bubble or not. The overlapping bubbles in images can be separated from single bubbles based on a watershed segmentation algorithm. Second, a single bubble image and an overlapping bubble image are combined into one image. After that, statistical analysis for the size distributions and ellipse area bubbles is performed for further analysis and discussion. The advantage of this algorithm is that it can make use of a set of major and minor axes of an ellipse to capture the ellipse parameters more effectively. Simulation results are well agreed with experimental measurements. Moreover, it can be used to detect many ellipse‐like bubbles that are dispersed in high‐speed camera images, indicating that it is a better strategy for the recognition and identification of bubbly turbulent flow accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to describe large-scale spatial structure of sockeye salmon on the Asian part of the range, the variability of 45 SNP loci was analyzed in 22 samples from the Northwest coast of the Pacific Ocean. Three large regional population complexes were identified: Southwest Kamchatka, Kamchatka River basin, and the Northeast (comprising stocks from Koryak Highlands). Populations within the identified complexes are connected by gene migration and have a common origin, close geographic proximity, comparable climatic, landscape, and environmental conditions in the freshwater and early marine periods of sockeye salmon life. Populations confined to watersheds of the North coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (Palana and Okhota rivers), along with island populations, displayed distinctions from the isolated population complexes. It is hypothesized that the marked divergence observed in island populations is primarily caused by genetic drift occurring during long periods of isolation. The pronounced divergence of Palana River population may be the result of both genetic drift and natural selection, driven by the challenging smoltification and specific conditions of freshwater period in this watershed. At the same time in the Okhota River population, demographic factors such as genetic drift and bottlenecks played a key role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on El Niño impacts on springtime extreme precipitation in Southeastern China (SEC) by comparing observations with data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) historical runs. Observational and simulated results suggest that synoptic-scale temperature advection patterns over East Asia (EA) are closely associated with extreme precipitation in SEC, encompassing the Pearl River Basin (PRB), Yangtze River Basin (YRB), and Huaihe River Basin (HRB). Based on this, we introduce a temperature advection index (TAI) tailored to capture the cold-warm temperature advection dipole, which shows a significant positive correlation with SEC precipitation. Both observations and CMIP6 indicate that TAI-related circulations, characterized by upper-level synoptic-scale waves and a north–south oriented temperature gradient over EA, are conducive to extreme precipitation in northern PRB (NPRB)–YRB–HRB. However, the TAI-related synoptic-scale activities have a lesser impact on extreme precipitation in southern PRB (SPRB), as these disturbances mainly affect the mid-latitude weather. Further investigation reveals that during boreal spring following El Niño, 85% of extreme events in YRB–HRB are associated with positive TAI values, compared to 76% under climatological conditions. However, such a change in the association with TAI is not evident in CMIP6 simulations. From observations, atmospheric baroclinicity along the East Asian westerly jet is enhanced during El Niño, which promotes the development of TAI-related synoptic-scale disturbances. In contrast, CMIP6 models struggle to reproduce these observed baroclinicity signals during El Niño. This challenge arises from the background westerly jet bias and mean-state cold tongue bias in tropical Pacific temperature in models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the seventy-year period of the Don River valley flood control with the absence of a water climatic cycle, irreversible geomorphological and biogeocenotic transformations occurred in the drainage basin. As a result of persistent avalanche sedimentation, the Don delta and the Taganrog Bay seaside became shallow. During strong east winds, the seabed near the city of Taganrog and the settlements of Port-Katon and Zaimo-Obryv is dried out over a distance of 5–10 km or more. The unique phenomenon of carp and sazan activity and accumulation in the Don River delta was noted in winter of 2023–2024. Clearly abnormal mass accumulations of valuable commercial species and their early maturation could be related to a range of factors provoked by the increased water discharge from the Tsimlyansk Reservoir. The water flow with fish along the Krivoe and Svinoe delta arms, at an extreme water negative setup, came up against a sandbar, which reflects the Don River shallowing after 1952. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking out appropriate habitat or food resources is one of the key reasons why animals move. Despite the benefits of movement, some individuals in a population remain resident or express alternative movement phenotypes. Movement, however, is energetically costly and can result in resources being diverted away from growth and reproduction. The presence of multiple movement phenotypes within populations suggests that each can have commensurate levels of performance depending on the underlying environmental conditions.Here we explore the context‐dependent costs and benefits of upstream and downstream juvenile dispersal in a large river system. We expect that if the energetic costs of moving (upstream against a current or downstream with a current) exceed any benefits to growth, then residents (who do not move) will have faster growth. Alternatively, movement costs may be offset if individuals move to more favourable environments, resulting in dispersers benefiting with faster growth.We used biological information naturally archived in the otoliths of a potamodromous fish, golden perch Macquaria ambigua, to quantify how movement phenotypes affect growth across individuals exposed to spatiotemporally varying environmental conditions.We found that juvenile growth differed considerably among dispersal phenotypes (resident, upstream, downstream, stocked): in general, surviving wild‐spawned downstream and upstream dispersers and hatchery‐stocked fish all grew faster than individuals that remained resident within their natal reach. Further, juvenile growth was sensitive to local environmental conditions and had carryover effects from an individual's natal‐year. Juvenile growth of all dispersal phenotypes was higher in years with below average natal‐year summer discharge (when fish are ~2–3 months old), likely because of increased concentrations of food resources. In contrast, the effects of natal‐year spring discharge (around the time individuals were spawned) were dependent on dispersal direction, with positive effects for downstream dispersers and upstream dispersers, and negative effects for resident individuals.Our results suggest that an individual's growth can benefit from early‐life movement, although the magnitude of this effect depends on local environmental conditions and the direction travelled. Our study reinforces the importance of heterogeneous and connected riverscapes that foster a diversity of individual growth responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Riparian ecosystems comprise less than 2% of the landscape in the arid western United States, yet they provide habitat and resources to over half of arid‐land wildlife species, including a broad diversity of anurans (frogs and toads). Despite this, relatively few studies describe riparian herpetofaunal communities in the Southwest, and remote wilderness areas are particularly undersurveyed.We employed passive acoustic monitoring to capture anuran advertisement calls in wilderness area tributaries of the Verde River, Arizona, USA. In the spring and summer of 2021 and 2022, 13–29 autonomous recording units (ARUs) were deployed along perennial, intermittent and ephemeral tributary stream reaches. We characterized sites based on the per cent of pool, riffle, run and side channel habitat within 100 m of each ARU and quantified substrate, wetted channel width and canopy cover. To relate anuran occupancy to environmental and hydrological variables, we evaluated acoustic detection data using single‐species, single‐season occupancy models.Four species were detected in this study: canyon treefrog (Hyla arenicolor), red‐spotted toad (Anaxyrus punctatus), Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii) and non‐native American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), with canyon treefrog being the most ubiquitous species observed. Vocal activity of canyon treefrog was higher at perennial and intermittent sites compared to ephemeral sites, and the presence of pools was most strongly associated with canyon treefrog occupancy.Persistent, slow‐moving water best predicted the presence of breeding canyon treefrogs. Notably, this study did not detect several species with historical records in the middle Verde River catchment, including Arizona toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus) and northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens).Given climate change‐related flow declines and intensifying demands for water in arid lands globally, maintaining stream flows that provide consistent and suitable hydroregimes for anuran breeding and larval development is of increasing importance. Determining habitat use and flow regimes necessary to support anuran populations can aid in prioritization of conservation actions related to water management and predict how changes in water availability may impact stream‐breeding anurans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed to identify sources and transport pathways of macro- and microelements in large urbanized rivers under significant anthropogenic pressure. To achieve the objective of this study, the geochemical characteristics of the sediments of the Sava and Danube Rivers and the soils flooded by the Kolubara River were determined. The high content of Mg indicates the dominant origin of the material from loess deposits. The significantly higher contents of Cr and Ni in sediment and soil samples from the Obrenovački Zabran (OZ) than in the samples from the Veliko Ratno Ostrvo (VRO) are the result of increased anthropogenic pressure. Sediments from the VRO show increased Sn and Sb contents. The increase in the content of chalcophile elements is the highest in the sediments from the OZ and ranges from 1.8 to 2.7 times, compared to their concentrations in the Earth's crust. The soils from OZ and the sediments from the VRO show a decrease in the content of chalcophile elements compared to the sediments from the OZ so the increase is 1.2–1.5, and 0.9–2.3 times, respectively compared to the Earth's crust. The obtained results revealed that the yield of sedimentary material that has higher concentrations of microelements decreases already at a distance of several km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gilgit River Basin (GRB) is one of the primary fluvial aquatic systems flowing through Gilgit-Baltistan and a water source for recreation, fisheries, irrigation, and drinking to more than 1.8 million people. This study aimed to investigate heavy metals (HM) contamination levels in sediments of GRB, northern Pakistan. Fifty-five samples were picked from the various sections of GRB and examined for HM concentrations. Fe showed the maximum average concentration of 27,743 mg/kg, while Cd was noted with a minimum average of 1.06 mg/kg. HM concentrations were noted within the world river system guidelines except Cd, which also surpassed the sediment quality guidelines set by USEPA. HM concentrations of GRB sediments were used for the geospatial and ecotoxicological risk indices. Geospatial analyses showed higher levels of HM contamination and risk in the sediments of Ishkomen River in GRB. HM contamination in GRB sediments showed low to moderate levels of risk to exposed aquatic ecosystems. Statistical analyses were used for the HM source apportionment in sediments of GRB, suggesting a major contribution from natural activities. This study recommends seasonal variation in HM contamination of water and sediments studies in the GRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Dynamic multicomponent programs have been essential for Truckee Meadows Water Authority (TMWA) to address various source water protection issues in the Truckee River watershed. Collaboration of TMWA through well‐defined partnerships is critical to protecting and improving water supply sources. It may be necessary for TMWA to step into unexpected roles to protect water quality, and there is no single approach to source water protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Oum Er-Rbia watershed faces a critical challenge in effectively disseminating the results of groundwater and surface water quality assessments to stakeholders and the public. This research aimed to address this challenge by developing a method for synthesizing and visualizing knowledge through web mapping. The methodology followed involved collecting data on surface and groundwater quality, hydrogeology, human impact, and topography. Subsequently, a needs analysis was conducted to identify the requirements of potential users (land managers, water users, researchers) to de- fine system functionalities. Spatial data was organized into thematic layers (e.g., hydrography, geology) with detailed attributes to address user queries and generate maps. Open-source technologies were employed to build a web-based system (SCIEM) allowing users to visualize, analyze, and explore water quality data. Finally, user evaluation confirmed SCIEM's effectiveness in disseminating and analyzing water quality information within the watershed. The developed web mapping system has successfully addressed the challenge of disseminating research results by establishing an online, interactive multi-scale mapping system for groundwater and surface water characterization. This system facilitates the presentation of maps with a simple click, making them accessible to both geospatial experts and non-specialists. As a result, stakeholders such as water managers, land-use planners, and even farmers and citizens can now access a comprehensive view of groundwater and surface water information. Additionally, the utilization of free and open-source software has proven to be a cost-effective and efficient approach. The interactive multi-scale mapping system (IMSMS) provides a valuable tool for disseminating water quality data within the Oum Er-Rbia watershed. Building on this success, future research can explore the potential of adapting the IMSMS framework to other regions facing water quality challenges. Additionally, incorporating new data types beyond water management could provide a more holistic understanding of the interconnected factors influencing water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste mismanagement occurs in the canal catchment area due to uneven waste transportation services, allowing waste to leak into the canal. This research aims to identify catchment areas of the canal with the potential for waste mismanagement, estimate the amount of waste that could enter the channels and compare the results with the density of floating waste above the channel. The research method involves spatial analysis using GIS, incorporating various variables such as land use, building data for population and waste generation calculations, road network data for channel access, and service area data for garbage truck transportation. Next, we conduct an overlay analysis to create a zone map of potential littering areas in the channel, accompanied by an estimate of the waste amount. Furthermore, we used aerial mapping with a UAV as comparative data to monitor the density of floating waste. The results indicate that approximately 296 hectares of land, a potential zone for waste disposal into canals, generate 161,750 litres daily, accounting for 33% of the total waste generation in the water catchment area. This research successfully detected the density of floating waste at the top of the canal, particularly in four areas of the potential zone: Sambung Jawa Ward, Bontorannu Ward, Balang Baru Ward, and Pa'baengbaeng Ward, proves that there is mismanagement of waste on land. This situation demonstrates the need to address waste mismanagement by examining regional zones with access to a waste bank as an alternative solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study models the rainfall-runoff relationship in the Kebir-Rhumel River watershed in the Constantine Highlands, Algeria, using data from three concomitant rainfall and hydrometric stations. Statistical tests confirmed the absence of breaks in the series. We applied four conceptual models (GR4J, IHAC6, MORDOR, TOPMO8) and neural network models (RNN, NARX, LSTM) over three- and ten-year periods. Among the conceptual models, GR4J provided the best fit, highlighting the non-stationary nature of the relationship. The PMC neural network model performed well over three years but was less effective over ten years due to low flow influence. Notably, the NARX-RNN and RNN-LSTM models showed excellent predictive accuracy, with NARX-RNN perfectlycapturing flow dynamics and RNN-LSTM achieving minimal RMSE and high correlation coefficients. This study lies the comparative analysis of conceptual and neural network models, specifically the NARX-RNN and RNN-LSTM models, which have not been extensively applied in this context. This research fills the gap in understanding the effectiveness of neural network models in modelling non-stationary rainfall-runoff relationships in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nekor Watershed, situated in the northwest corner of Africa, experiences significant climatic variability, posing challenges for water management. This study assesses hydrological drought in the Nekor Watershed from 1945 to 2016 and analyzes its socio-economic impacts on agriculture and population distribution. The purpose of this research is to understand the extent and trends of hydrological drought in the Nekor Watershed and its socio-economic consequences, particularly on agriculture and population dynamics. The study employs the Standardized Runoff Efficiency Index (SDI), drought duration, severity (S), magnitude (M), and relative frequency (RF) metrics, along with the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's Slope analysis to evaluate hydrological drought. It integrates statistically representative data on cereal crop yields, livestock populations, and results from the General Population and Housing Census to understand the socioeconomic impacts. Analysis reveals substantial climatic variability with pronounced dry and wet periods. Notably, the autumn season exhibits a weak positive trend in hydrological drought, indicating a slight increase in severity over the years. Conversely, the spring season shows a negative trend in hydrological drought, indicating a decrease in severity over the years, especially in the month of May. A broader trend towards increasing hydrological drought emerges, particularly since the 1980s. These dry decades pose significant challenges for the region's socio-economic sectors, including agriculture and population distribution. The study is limited by the availability and quality of historical hydrological and socioeconomic data, which may affect the precision of trend analyses and impact assessments. Future research could benefit from more granular and continuous data sets. Understanding the trends and impacts of hydrological drought in the Nekor Watershed provides critical insights for water management policies and strategies, helping to mitigate socio-economic risks associated with drought. This study is novel in its comprehensive analysis of long-term hydrological drought trends in the Nekor Watershed and their socio-economic impacts. The integration of diverse data sets and advanced statistical methods enhances the robustness of the findings, contributing significantly to the scientific understanding of drought dynamics in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising atmospheric CO2 is anticipated to influence global runoff through its radiative effect and physiological effect, thereby resulting in profound impacts on water availability and security. While existing literature has explored the two effects on global total runoff, there is still a lack of attention to changes in runoff components (surface and subsurface runoff). Here, based on idealized 1% yr−1 CO2 increase experiments and 14 Earth system models, we decouple the two effects on changes in runoff components and disentangle the contributions of three influencing factors, namely water supply, atmospheric water demand, and vegetation regulation, which are closely intertwined with the two effects. Global total runoff is expected to increase with rising CO2, and this increase mainly comes from subsurface runoff, leading to an elevated subsurface runoff ratio. Vegetation regulation emerges as the most important factor for the increase in subsurface runoff ratio, with the contribution of 49.3%, followed by water supply (41.7%) and atmospheric water demand (8.9%). Increased total runoff implies potentially more flood risk, while the increase in subsurface runoff ratio could decrease some of the risk. The results indicate the necessity of emphasizing changes in subsurface runoff under climate change. Plain Language Summary: Runoff components comprise surface runoff and subsurface runoff. Surface runoff reaches the stream quickly, and efficiently carries soil and nutrients. Subsurface runoff represents the watershed's slow response to precipitation events and is crucial for maintaining continuous river flow and water supply. Here, based on idealized 1% yr−1 CO2 increase experiments and 14 Earth system models, we explore the trend and influencing factors of runoff components with rising atmospheric CO2. Global surface and subsurface runoff are expected to increase, with subsurface runoff increasing faster than surface runoff. Vegetation regulation plays a crucial role in the increase of subsurface runoff ratio, which is of great significance in reducing the potential flood risk caused by the increase in global total runoff. Key Points: Subsurface runoff ratio is expected to increase with rising CO2Vegetation regulation is the most critical factor, contributing about half of the increaseWater supply contributes 41.7%, and atmospheric water demand contributes 8.9% to the increase in subsurface runoff ratio [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the backdrop of climate change and human activities, the complex interactions within the social‐ecological system have brought unprecedented challenges to sustainable development. However, there is still a lack of quantitative methods for analyzing the dynamics of the social‐ecological system. Here, we introduced a social‐ecological network approach incorporating supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs) as bridges and took the Dongting Lake basin in China as the research area. From 2000 to 2020, we discovered that the number of linkages among meteorological elements and ESs supply decreased from 5 to 0. Along with this, the network density (from 26 to 22) and network connectivity (from 43 to 28) showed the decoupling trends of the social‐ecological networks. These results implied the decreasing impacts of meteorological elements and the importance of considering human activities impacts. Based on the average degree analysis of the networks, proportions of cultivated land and forest land were key for ESs supply (both around 0.900), while population density and artificial land proportion were important for the ESs demand (around 0.850 and 0.800, respectively). More management practices are required because these elements have significant impacts on the supply‐demand alignments of multiple ESs. We further illustrated the spatial supply‐demand mismatches of ESs, along with the negative effects of urbanization. This study highlighted the advantage of integrating the ecosystems services approach into the social‐ecological network analysis, and provided policy insights serving for sustainable development of the typical great lake basins. Plain Language Summary: The social‐ecological system is increasingly affected by climate change and human activities, posing risks to sustainable development. To quantitatively analyze the dynamics of the system, we developed the social‐ecological networks incorporating supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs) as bridges. We took the Dongting Lake basin in China as the research area. From 2000 to 2020, we applied network density and network connectivity to characterize the impacts of social and ecological elements on multiple ESs. We discovered that both indicators were declined, from 26 to 22 and from 43 to 28, respectively, driven by the decreasing number of linkages among meteorological elements and ESs supply (from 5 to 0). These results suggested that the impacts of meteorological elements on the social‐ecological networks were gradually decreasing compared to the lasting of human activities impacts. We also found that proportions of cultivated land and forest land had significant impacts on ESs supply based on the average degree analysis (both around 0.900), while population density and the artificial land proportion were important social elements affecting the ESs demand (around 0.850 and 0.800, respectively). Meanwhile, there were spatial mismatches among the supply and demand zones of ESs under the influences of urbanization. We emphasize that, for sustainable development, it is not only necessary to focus on key elements management but also to pay attention to the linkages among social/ecological elements and multiple ESs, in order to achieve systematic governance. Key Points: Social‐ecological networks incorporating supply and demand of ecosystem services as bridges were constructedThe social‐ecological networks were decoupling driven by reducing impacts of meteorological elementsNetwork analysis identified population density and proportions of cultivated land, forest land and artificial land as key social‐ecological elements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessibility to metro services is often evaluated based on the locations of stations. However, compared to the location of station itself, focusing on its entrances/exits offers a more accurate approach to assessing station supply and demand levels. Despite this, research focusing on the supply of and demand for metro services concerning metro entrances and exits remains limited. This study employed multi-source geospatial data from Xiamen, China, to examine the supply and demand dynamics of metro stations with a particular emphasis on entrances/exits. In the first phase, we treated entrances/exits as supply facilities and used land plot boundaries as the fundamental spatial units for accessibility calculations. Taking into account the layout characteristics of entrances/exits, along with the traffic generation of various land-use types, we employed the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (G2SFCA) method to gauge the supply and demand levels of plots. Subsequently, we computed the spatial supply-and-demand relationships of station entrances/exits for both station-level and shared usage level of entrances/exits. We found that the accessibility from plots to entrances/exits diverged from previously observed spatial distribution trends, being higher in city centers, regional boundaries, and terminal stations and lower in transitional areas. Moreover, "metro accessibility" and the "imbalance index of entrances/exits" are associated with the primary functions of stations and the surrounding urban development; yet they exhibit spatial heterogeneity. The stations with a high value for "imbalanced index of entrances/exits" were always near some business parks, and "metro accessibility" seemed to be more easily affected by location factors. Based on two metrics, stations were categorized into four types, each displaying unique characteristics regarding location distributions, entrance/exit configurations, and commuting passenger sources. This research aims to identify the phenomenon of unfair transport in metro service from the perspective of their entrances, inform the optimization of metro station designs, and tailor planning recommendations, ultimately enhancing transport equity and contributing to sustainable urban built environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology has brought drastic changes to the design methods, values, and design tools of neighbourhood public spaces, thereby changing the behavioural patterns of people in neighbourhood public spaces. Therefore, people's requirements for urban public space have changed and are characterised by high efficiency, high precision, humanization, and high aesthetics. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted many studies and practises on the application of digital technology to neighbourhood design, but there is a lack of systematic research practises on the use and analysis of multi-faceted data. This paper selects the Xiaomi Beijing Changping II design project, simulates and deduces the physical environment of its location, simulates the results of the natural environment by using the data of sunshine, wind, and water catchment in the physical environment, and then simulates the crowd's action paths by combining kinetic algorithms and ant algorithms to optimise the design methods, processes, and results of the neighbourhood public space on the basis of this research. The research team designed five groups of programmes for the project based on different design methods and processes, and conducted a comparative study of the five groups of programmes through the hierarchical analysis method in conjunction with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, as well as discussing them in conjunction with the actual bidding results of the project and the scoring conclusions of the industry experts. The results of the study show that the design scheme for neighbourhood public space based on physical environment simulation and crowd simulation is better able to take advantage of the analytical and predictive advantages of the technology and unite with the designer's aesthetic interests, balancing the data objectivity and aesthetic subjectivity in the design process. The method is more likely to achieve a design solution that combines systematicity, foresight, rationality, and aesthetics, and provides an empirical case for the application of data simulation in public space, aiming to improve the rationality of public space design and solve the data-objective problems faced by the design of public space at this stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental concerns as it threatens the sustainable agriculture and poses a grave threat to global food security. It is important to adopt the appropriate soil conservation measures to reduce the erosion hazard. In the present study, SWAT model has been applied to study the impact of various best management practices (BMPs) on sediment yield and nutrient losses from a Lower Sutlej River Basin, India. The impact of agricultural and structural BMPs was assessed both individually and in combinations to evaluate the best possible combination of BMPs. Three scenarios, viz., CT1-BMP-1 + CF-BMP-2 + CD-BMP-5 + Fertilizer level 1 (Scenario-1), CT1-BMP-1 + CF-BMP-2 + CB-BMP-3 + CD-BMP-5 + CT2-BMP-8 + Fertilizer level 2 (Scenario 2) and CT1-BMP-1 + CF-BMP-2 + CB-BMP-3 + BT-BMP-4 + CD-BMP-5 + GSS-BMP-6 + SBSS-BMP-7 + CT2-BMP-8 + Fertilizer level 3 (Scenario 3) were developed to study their impact on sediment yield and nutrient losses. The average annual sediment yield from watersheds ranges from 3.08 to 21.63 ton/ha/yr for the base scenario (without BMPs), 1.97 to 13.94 ton/ha/yr in scenario 1, 1.66 to 10.77 ton/ha/yr in scenario 2, and 1.04 to 7.78 ton/ha/yr in scenario 3. At the watershed level, the greatest decrease in sediment yield was obtained from check dam (28.72%), followed by bench terracing (25.62%), grade stabilization structures (22.74%), contour bunding (20.88%), stream bank stabilization structures (10.02%), contour trenching (8.99%), conservation tillage (6.66%) and contour farming (4.54%). The use of structural BMPs at the watershed level reduced sediment yields more effectively than agricultural BMPs. The implementation of all the potential BMPs in Scenario 3 minimized sediment yields to the extent of 66.25%. Model simulation demonstrated that a 30% reduction in fertilizer application under fertilizer scenario 3 resulted in the highest reduction in total nitrogen (24.04%), nitrate nitrogen (8.97%), and total phosphorus (11.75%). The study findings may be useful for promoting sustainable land and water resource management at the river basin level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mobilisation of new distance-based technologies that permit the governance of platform workers' behaviour constitutes a watershed in the organisation of work and a transformation of the grammar of wage-earning society. Employing a qualitative methodology, this article analyses Spanish riders' (delivery couriers) experiences of these psychopolitical mechanisms. The results show that the neoliberal and entrepreneurial dispositive deployed by digital platforms induces new rationalities of self-governance that are characterised by productive self-optimisation and self-surveillance. However, the analysis also found that the interpellation of the dispositive and its technologies of subjectivation were not homogeneous across all of the study participants. The article describes the characteristics and argumentative positions of three groups of riders whose sociostructural position shaped their experiences and engagement with the platforms as well as resistance to control mechanisms and disciplinary processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The access to an adequate quantity and quality of water is vital to sustain healthy ecosystems and human socioeconomic development. However, the shift from an agrarian, solar energy based to an industrialized, fossil fuel‐based socio‐metabolic regime has put natural water resources under stress and led to dramatic transformations of riverine landscapes in the Anthropocene. Thus, we need interdisciplinary research approaches that integrate the knowledge and methods from ecology, humanities, and engineering. The Doctoral School "Human River Systems in the 21st Century" (HR21) studies riverine landscapes as coupled socio‐ecohydrological systems (SEHS) within four research clusters, that is, connectivity, metabolism, vulnerability, and governance. HR21 analyzes the transformation processes and coevolution of nature and society in rivers and their response to future environmental, social, cultural, and economic drivers of change. HR21 aims to improve the understanding of the coupling of the socioeconomic, ecological, and hydrological systems within industrialized riverine landscapes to support their urgent, more sustainable transformation. To discuss how this agenda can be implemented, five different HR21 PhD projects are presented, clearly routed in one scientific domain, applying a combination of the research clusters and addressing various topics: (i) hydropower effects in high alpine river ecosystems, (ii) wastewater impacts on carbon storage and greenhouse gas fluxes in tropical wetlands, (iii) the nutrient retention and ecosystem service potential of floodplains in large river catchments, and the influence of hydrometeorological variables on (iv) the runoff response and on (v) the transit time distribution of runoff, both impacting water resource management at the basin level. These examples highlight how disciplinary PhD research can be framed within an interdisciplinary research agenda to coupled SEHS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Clarence River (New South Wales, Australia) was the main transport corridor for the timber and sugar cane industries operating in the catchment from the 1860s to the 1970s. Using archaeological, documentary, and oral historical resources we explore some of the anthropogenic impacts of these industries upon the fluvial geomorphology of the lower Clarence River. In particular, the deliberate abandonment of obsolete vessels on the river system is a focus. These discarded former cane and timber barges have been used as erosion control devices in several areas around the Harwood Island sugar mill, resulting in the accumulation of sediments and the establishment of mangrove environments in what were degraded areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social sciences and humanities have become increasingly critical of the anthropocentrism that supports exploitative relations with the non‐human domain. This shift in positionality recognises that non‐human beings and ecosystems are not humankind's passive subjects but the co‐creators of shared lifeworlds. A logical consequence is a greater appreciation of the rights and interests of non‐human beings and ecosystems, both in law and in the decision‐making processes that shape human‐environmental relations. This requires some form of pan‐species democracy that simultaneously respects biocultural diversity. Drawing on ethnographic research on the River Stour in Dorset, this paper considers how we might reimagine the notion of community to encompass human and non‐human inhabitants in river catchment areas. It considers what 'speaking for the river' would entail, and what a river might want to say. Employing anthropological approaches to art and material culture, examining 'what things do', and the multi‐species ethnography that illuminates interspecies relations, this requires an imaginative leap, not into faux animism, but into serious consideration of the river as an active partner in human‐non‐human relations. This requires us to understand the river's properties and behaviours, and how it acts both creatively and destructively upon all of the living kinds that depend upon it—and vice versa. What does a river need to ensure its own flourishing and that of its dependent communities? This paper considers how 'listening to the river' enables the representation of its needs and interests in decision‐making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper responds to a call to address the development and building of river‐human relationships in the twenty‐first century. Many literatures have identified the historical instrumental exploitation of natural resources underpinning urbanisation and the economic development leading to wide‐spread degradation of environments including rivers. Clearly such relationships can no longer be considered as appropriate in the twenty‐first century. This paper intends to present a conceptual rethink to address the following question: Are there potential approaches by which humans can develop harmonious coexistent relationships with riverine landscapes and associated ecosystems? In answering this question, this paper draws on ideas from new materialism thinking. New materialism offers useful guidance in understanding human‐river relationships in which river landscapes are not static backgrounds to the performance of the social. River systems and environments are active participants influencing and shaping social performances through multiple and diverse interconnected and complex human‐nonhuman relationships and co‐productive partnerships. It is concluded that new materialist perspectives provide important guidance for developing harmonious river‐human relationships. De‐centring the human as the dominant actor in relations with river landscapes and acknowledging rivers as key actors within river‐human relationships may enhance the building of harmonious coexistent and mutually beneficial relationships in the twenty‐first century. It is further concluded the Nature Futures Framework (NFF) and Human‐River Encounter Sites (HRES) frameworks in their capacity to accommodate new materialist thinking provide an opportunity for further exploration and examination of the possibilities for building harmonious coexistent river‐human relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most of South America, particularly the region between the southern Amazon and southeastern Brazil, as well as a large part of the La Plata Basin, has its climate regulated by the South American Monsoon System. Extreme weather and climate events in these areas have significant socioeconomic impacts. The Madeira, São Francisco, and Paraná river basins, three major watersheds in Brazil, are especially vulnerable to wet and drought periods due to their importance as freshwater ecosystems and sources of water for consumption, energy generation, and agriculture. The scarcity of surface meteorological stations in these basins makes meteorological studies challenging, often using reanalysis and satellite data. This study aims to identify extreme weather (wet) and climate (wet and drought) events during the extended wet season (October to March) from 1980 to 2022 and evaluate the performance of two gridded datasets (CPC and ERA5) to determine which best captures the observed patterns in the Madeira, São Francisco, and Paraná river basins. Wet weather events were identified using the 95th percentile, and wet and drought periods were identified using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on a 6-month scale. In general, CPC data showed slightly superior performance compared to ERA5 in reproducing statistical measures. For extreme day precipitation, both datasets captured the time series pattern, but CPC better reproduced extreme values and trends. The results also indicate a decrease in wet periods and an increase in drought events. Both datasets performed well, showing they can be used in the absence of station data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of World Water Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some 50% of Finnish Lynch Syndrome (LS) cases are caused by a founder variant in MLH1, in which the entire exon 16 has been lost due to an Alu-mediated recombination event. We piloted detecting the variant in FinnGen, a large genotyped cohort comprising approximately 10% of the current Finnish population, and validated the MLH1 founder variant status of identified individuals residing in the Central Finland Biobank catchment area. A consensus sequence flanking the deletion was identified in whole genome sequences of six LS individuals with the founder variant. Genotype data of 212,196 individuals was queried for regional matches to the consensus sequence. Enrichment of cancer and age at cancer onset was compared between matching and non-matching individuals. Variant status was validated for a subset of the identified individuals using a polymerase chain reaction assay. Allelic matches in a chosen target region was detected in 348 individuals, with 89 having a cancer diagnosis (Bonferroni-adjusted p-value = 1), 20 a familial cancer history (p-adj. <.001), with mean age of onset of cancer being 53.6 years (p-adj. =.002). Eighteen of potential variant carriers had been sampled by the Central Finland Biobank, of which four (22%) were validated as true variant carriers. The workflow we have employed identifies MLH1 exon 16 deletion variant carriers from population-wide SNP genotyping data. An alternative design will be sought to limit false positive findings. Large genotyped cohorts provide a potential resource for identification and prevention of hereditary cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water quality is intricately linked to the global water crisis since the availability of safe, clean water is essential for sustaining life and ensuring the well-being of communities worldwide. Pollutants such as industrial chemicals, agricultural runoff, and untreated sewage frequently enter rivers via surface runoff or direct discharges. This study provides an overview of the key mechanisms governing contaminant transport in rivers, with special attention to storage and hyporheic processes. The storage process conceptualizes a ubiquitous reactive boundary between the main channel (mobile zone) and its surrounding slower-flow areas (immobile zone). Research from the last five decades demonstrates the crucial role of storage and hyporheic zones in influencing solute residence time, nutrient cycling, and pollutant degradation. A review of solute transport models highlights significant advancements, including models like the transient storage model (TSM) and multirate mass transport (MRMT) model, which effectively capture complex storage zone dynamics and residence time distributions. However, more widely used models like the classical advection–dispersion equation (ADE) cannot hyporheic exchange, limiting their application in environments with significant storage contributions. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in accurately quantifying the relative contributions of storage zones to solute transport and degradation, especially in smaller streams dominated by hyporheic exchange. Future research should integrate detailed field observations with advanced numerical models to address these gaps and improve water quality predictions across diverse river systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater, widely used for supplying drinking water to populations, is a vital resource that must be managed sustainably, which requires a thorough understanding of its diverse physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics. This study, based on a 27-year extraction from the Sise-Eaux database (1993–2020), focused on the island of Corsica (72,000 km2), which is diverse in terms of altitude and slopes and features a strong lithological contrast between crystalline Corsica and metamorphic and sedimentary Corsica. Following logarithmic conditioning of the data (662 water catchments, 2830 samples, and 15 parameters) and distinguishing between spatial and spatiotemporal variances, a principal component analysis was conducted to achieve dimensionality reduction and to identify the processes driving water diversity. In addition, the spatial structure of the parameters was studied. The analysis notably distinguishes a seasonal determinism for bacterial contamination (rain, runoff, bacterial transport, and contamination of catchments) and a more strictly spatial determinism (geographic, lithological, and land use factors). The behavior of each parameter allowed for their classification into seven distinct groups based on their average coordinates on the factorial axes, accounting for 95% of the dataset's total variance. Several strategies can be considered for the inventory and mapping of groundwater, namely, (1) establishing quality parameter distribution maps, (2) dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis followed by two sub-options: (2a) mapping factorial axes or (2b) establishing a typology of parameters based on their behavior and mapping a representative for each group. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these strategies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suspended sediment (SS) has a wide range of negative effects such as increased water turbidity, altered habitat structures, sedimentation, and effects on hydraulic systems and environmental engineering projects. Nevertheless, the methods for accurately determining SS sources on a basin-scale are poorly understood. Herein, we used a simplified neural network analysis (NNA) model to identify the sources of SS in Japan's Oromushi River Catchment Basin. Fine soil samples were collected from different locations of the catchment basin, processed, and separately analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sampling stations were grouped according to the type of soil cover, vegetation type and land-use pattern. The geochemical components of each group were fed into the same neural network layer, and a series of equations were applied to estimate the sediment contribution from each group to the downstream side of the river. Samples from the same sampling locations were also analysed by XRD, and the obtained peak intensity values were used as the input in the NNA model. SS mainly originated from agricultural fields, with regions where the ground is covered with volcanic ash identified as the key sources through XRF and XRD analysis, respectively. Therefore, based on the nature of the surface soil cover and the land use pattern in the catchment basin, NNA was found to be a reliable data analytical technique. Moreover, XRD analysis does not incorporate carbon, and also provides detailed information on crystalline phases. The results obtained in this study, therefore, do not depend on seasonal uncertainty due to organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trophic, chemical and ecological state of a lagoon is strongly influenced by numerous aspects, among which the quantity and quality of the water coming from its drainage basin are a priority. The Source-to-Sea approach directly addresses the linkages between land, water, delta, estuary, coast, nearshore and ocean ecosystems to identify appropriate courses of action to address alterations of key flows, resulting in economic, social and environmental benefits. Hydrodynamic modeling has become a fundamental tool for describing the dynamics of marine environments, and a specific field of development of ongoing research is a detailed representation of the land–coastal–sea fluxes. In the present study, a numerical modeling tool was used in the Venice Lagoon to assess and quantify dominant contributions from the river basin within specific areas of the lagoon. An advective–diffusive model was used to reproduce the transport of passive tracers. The results were analyzed using an automated computational tool, obtaining the average percentage contribution of each input from the drainage basin and mean concentrations of tracer in the different water bodies. Through the proposed methodology, it is possible to support the planning of specific measures, identifying priorities of management intervention and preliminarily exploring different scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: Decades of intensifying human activities have led to drastic changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in the Poyang Lake Basin (PLB), resulting in significant changes in landscape pattern and ecosystem service value (ESV), thereby affecting regional sustainability. Objectives: We focused on understanding the impact of LULC changes on the landscape pattern and ESV of the PLB and used the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation model (PLUS) to predict LULC changes in 2050. Methods: We evaluated landscape patterns using landscape metrics and calculated ESV using the ecosystem service equivalent factor method. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between landscape patterns and ESV from 1990 to 2020. Then, we combined the PLUS model and the ecosystem service equivalent factor method to calculate the ESV under multiple scenarios from 2020 to 2050. Results: From 1990 to 2020, the LULC of the PLB changed to varying degrees. The PLB has undergone a rapid process of landscape fragmentation, and the total ESV of the PLB has decreased. The total ESV was positively correlated with the CONTAG index and negatively correlated with the SHDI index. Between 2020 and 2050, the ESV of the PLB is projected to decrease under the NDS (nature development scenario) and EDS (economic development scenario) and increase under the EPS (ecological protection scenario). Conclusions: ESV responded to changes in landscape pattern. We recommend that the PLB should increase patch connectivity. Additionally, future development in the PLB should prioritize ecological protection to prevent further declines in ESV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River basin is an important ecological security barrier and ecologically vulnerable region in China. Landscape ecological risk assessment and influencing factor analysis based on land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) and boosted regression tree (BRT) models are of great significance to the coordinated and sustainable development of regional ecological environment and social economy. Based on LUCC and driving factor data from 1980 to 2020, the ecological risk index (ERI) model was constructed to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecological risk in the past 40 years. Especially, a new method of influencing factor analysis based on the BRT model is proposed. The final index size of the influencing factors was further quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of landscape ecological risk in the Yellow River basin was "highest in the north and lowest in the south, highest in the west and lowest in the east." During the periods, the overall ecological risk and high risk increased first and then decreased. Elevation (24.8%) was the most important factor affecting landscape ecological risk, followed by precipitation (17.8%), GDP (15.2%), and temperature (14.6%). It showed that the particularity of the geographical location of the Yellow River basin eventually led to the stronger influence of natural factors on the change in landscape ecological risk under the interference of human activities. This study will provide a new perspective for quantitative assessment of the final contribution rate of landscape ecological risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

River inlets, deltas, and estuaries represent delicate ecosystems highly susceptible to climate change impacts. While significant progress has been made in understanding the morphodynamics of these environments in recent decades, the development of models still requires thorough testing and data integration. In this context, remote sensing emerges as a potent tool, providing crucial data and the ability to monitor temporal changes. In this paper, an integrated approach combining remote sensing and morphodynamic modeling is proposed to assess river systems comprehensively. By utilizing multispectral or RGB optical imagery from satellites or UAVs for river classification and remotely derived bathymetry, echo sounder data for ground truth, and photogrammetric modeling of emerged areas, we outline a procedure to create an integrated and continuous digital terrain model (DTM) of a riverbed, paying particular attention to the wet–dry interface. This method enables us to identify the river centerline, its width, and its slope variations. Additionally, by applying a linear morphodynamic model that considers the spatial variability of river morphology commonly found in estuarine environments, it is possible to predict the wavelength and migration rate of sediment bars. This approach has been successfully applied to recreate the DTM and monitor the morphodynamics of the seaward reach of the Roya River (Italy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal cities face increasing flood risks due to urban expansion and climate change. This study simulates flood hydrographs in the Netravathi River watershed using the HEC-HMS hydrological model to improve flood management in Mangalore, Karnataka, which has experienced severe floods recently. The SCS curve number (CN) method was selected for its efficacy in estimating surface runoff across diverse land use and soil types. GIS tools analyzed spatial data on soil types, drainage, and land cover changes from 1990 to 2021, enhancing runoff forecast accuracy. Model calibration optimized parameters with historical flood events, and validation used independent past flood events. Validation showed a strong correlation between observed and simulated runoff hydrographs, particularly during peak discharge periods. A high Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (0.89) and low Percentage Bias (0.65%) demonstrate the model's accuracy. The coefficient of determination (0.86) confirms the model's predictive capability. The HEC-HMS model effectively forecasts streamflows in ungauged catchments within the Netravathi sub-basin using measured rainfall data, enabling more precise planning and management of water resource developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-term monitoring of freshwater ecosystems has been globally recognized for its critical role in preserving natural biodiversity and human well-being over the past century, yet monitoring efforts remain heterogeneously distributed. The Anatolia region in Turkey is known to host three out of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots, boasting high biodiversity, but is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic effects and invasive freshwater fish species. Although the introduction of non-native fish species and pollution has detrimental effects on different river catchments in this area, long-term biomonitoring studies in Anatolia remain scarce and inconsistent. Collecting information of the Gediz River basin, a major Anatolian river catchment as a model that has been significantly impacted by human activities, published between 1971 and 2023, a total of 21 fish species from 12 families were identified. The spatial and temporal occurrences of these species fluctuated significantly due to heterogeneous sampling efforts that did not follow a clear pattern, indicating a complex ecological and conservation scenario characterized by both spatial and temporal variability in species prevalence, endemism and abundance. The presented results emphasize the need for comprehensive long-term biodiversity monitoring for anthropogenically impacted catchments like the Gediz River basin. Only with a coherent basis of high-resolution monitoring data can the multiple stressors threatening Anatolia's freshwater biodiversity be disentangled and, subsequently, be mitigated. Using the Gediz River basin as an example, this study emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive, long-term biodiversity monitoring in understudied regions worldwide to protect regional biodiversity and ensure ecosystem health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimation of the glacier-stored freshwater is important to understand the water security in the Himalayan region. While previous work has studied the western and central Himalayan glaciers, the eastern counterpart received less and more scattered attention. In this study, an attempt is made to quantify the total glacier-stored freshwater in the Brahmaputra basin and later compared with previous global models. Using open-source tools such as COSI-Corr and the Himalayan Glacier Thickness Mapper (HIGTHIM), the surface velocity and thickness of 1075 glaciers (> 1 km2) in the Brahmaputra basin were estimated, resulting in a current ice-volume estimate of 283 × 109 m3. Based on the laminar flow model, the mean ice volume ranges from 8284 to 230,186 m3, with an average of 36,570 m3. Sub-basin-wise evaluations of the total glacier-stored freshwater availability in the basin were also conducted, revealing that the Siang (89.998 × 109 m3, 31.45%) and Lohit (84.371 × 109 m3, 29.49%) sub-basins have significantly larger ice volumes than others. The average mean ice volume for each sub-basin are as follows: Teesta (45,233 m3), Sankosh (45,552 m3), Manas (39,581.7 m3), Subansiri (40,922.4 m3), Kameng (41,241.2 m3), Siang (36,120.5 m3), Dibang (31,792.2 m3), and Lohit (30,340.6 m3). Teesta, Sankosh, and Manas exhibit relatively higher average mean ice volumes than others. In comparison with the global studies, the present study's findings are acceptable with ensemble ice-volume estimates considering an uncertainty of ± 17.35%. Therefore, these results serve as a primary input for assessing the future changes in water resources and hazards related to water in the Brahmaputra basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the continued increase in land use changes and changing climatic patterns in the Lake Victoria basin, understanding the impacts of these changes on the water quality of Lake Victoria is imperative for safeguarding the integrity of the freshwater ecosystem. Thus, we analyzed spatial and temporal patterns of land cover, precipitation, and water quality changes in the Lake Victoria basin between 2000 and 2022 using global satellite products. Focusing on chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and turbidity (TUR) in Lake Victoria, we used statistical metrics (correlation coefficient, trend analysis, change budget, and intensity analysis) to understand the relationship between land use and precipitation changes in the basin with changes in Chl-a and TUR at two major pollution hotspots on the lake, i.e., Winam Gulf and Inner Murchison Bay (IMB). Results show that the Chl-a and TUR concentrations in the Winam gulf increase with increases in precipitation. Through increases in precipitation, the erosion risks are increased and transport of nutrients from land to the lake system, promoting algal growth and turbidity. In the IMB, Chl-a and TUR concentrations decrease with an increase in precipitation, possibly due to dilution, but peak during moderate rainfall. Interestingly, changes in land use and land cover (LULC) at 5-year intervals showed no substantial correlation with water quality changes at selected hotspots even though a broader LULC change analysis over the past two decades indicated a notable 300% increase in built-up areas across the Lake Victoria basin. These findings underscore the dominant influence of precipitation changes over LULC changes on the water quality of Lake Victoria for the selected hotspot areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of mercury (Hg) concentrations in abiotic and biotic compartments of aquatic ecosystems following the river impoundment for building a hydroelectric reservoir is one of many environmental and social impacts that the construction of hydroelectric plants can trigger. Yet, long-term studies in Amazon reservoirs are still scarce. The present study aimed to understand the effects of dam impoundment in THg concentrations in an Amazon reservoir up to 35 years of its creation. On March 2019 (35th year after filling), samples of fish, soil, and sediments were collected in the Tucuruí reservoir. Total mercury (THg) concentrations were determinate in those samples and compared with data extract from previous studies referring to the 6th, 16th and 18th years after the reservoir filling. Fish from different guilds at the 6th year after filling the Tucuruí reservoir had high THg concentrations, and those decreased in the 16th and 18th years, then the concentrations increased again in the 35th year after filling. For soils and sediments, a decline in THg concentrations was observed. These results differ from previous studies that predicted that Hg concentrations in fish would return to natural concentrations within 30 years in temperate zones and no decline of THg concentrations would be observed for Amazonian reservoirs. The Tocantins river drainage basin has been subjected to multiple anthropic disturbances and land use changes over the past decades, such as the implementation of new hydroelectric plants, deforestation, and fires, which can explain our observations. This study contributes valuable long-term insights into the dynamics of Hg concentrations in an Amazonian reservoir, highlighting the complex interactions between environmental changes and Hg accumulation over decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assam, located in the Northeast of India, is highly flood-prone, and the erosional and depositional processes highly influence the landforms. The formation and development of landforms are directly related to the geology, geomorphology, drainage basin characteristics, and soil types of the region. In the present study, a remote sensing and GIS-based geomorphodiversity index (GMI) assessment of Assam is performed using three sub-indices: geodiversity, morphometric diversity, and drainage diversity index. Sixty-six potential geomorphosites are identified with their geological, geomorphological, and GMI classes. With the help of a flood inundation map, the inundated area of each GMI class is calculated. According to the result, 27.02%, 10.76%, and 3.7% of the total area of Assam fall under moderate, high, and very high GMI classes, respectively. Barak Valley and Central Assam region exhibit high to very high GMI values. Geology and geomorphology have a strong influence on GMI values. About 22.32%, 28.33%, 37.18%, 38.25%, and 35.37% of areas with low, moderate, high, and very high GMI are inundated, respectively. This study determined that areas having high GMI can increase the geomorphological heritage value of the region and can play a significant role in promoting geotourism with an increase in the scientific, educational, and aesthetic value of geomorphosites. This study can also help the local governing authorities to conduct and implement better management and conservation policies for vulnerable locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomorphometric analysis using geomorphic indices is essential to comprehend the evolution of a river basin including denudation, surface runoff, subsurface infiltration, differential erosion, lithological variations, possible surface tilting, landslides, and the influence of geological formations and structure. Research in morphometric measurements continues to face many challenges and difficulties despite all the effort carried out. These include the inaccuracy of morphometric measurements and the time it takes to obtain the expected results in large basins. Under such condition, the purpose of the study is to conduct an analysis for the group of indices which includes SL index, transverse topographic symmetry factor, and hypsometry curve along with its integral value in the Mandakini Catchment. Examining the spatial distribution of knickzones has not been well documented, particularly in the Mandakini Catchment; hence, we further analyzed the spatial distribution of knickpoints, channel steepness index, and chi-index along with the longitudinal river profile. Through this analysis, we aim to determine how these indices collectively contribute to the comprehensive characterization of the landscape evolution within the study area and to find the landscape signatures of the uplift by comparing different river profiles. Various knickpoints were found mainly in the upper reaches at higher elevation, validated through aerial imagery and then through detailed field observation. During the field investigation, various geomorphic indicators such as fluvial terraces, entrenched river meandering, active landslides, extensive toe erosion, and waterfalls associated were observed. The study also found out that the places near the Kedarnath, Sonprayag, and Kalimath-Kotma, show high SL index and high steepness index that may correlate with the presence of active thrust and faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Correction to 'Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA)-based gully erosion dynamics, sediment loading rate and sediment yield study in Lake Hawassa Subbasin, Ethiopia'" discusses the significant environmental issue of gully erosion in the Lake Hawassa Subbasin. The study aims to map and analyze changes in gully erosion, quantify sediment loading rates, and determine sediment yields using Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) with high-resolution satellite images. The results show a rapid increase in gully extent between 2011 and 2020, impacting 5.53% of the subbasin area and leading to significant sediment loading into the lake. The study highlights the importance of addressing gully erosion to prevent further siltation and loss of the lake's storage capacity. [Extracted from the article]

An extensive methodology for analyzing the impact of catchment and sewer network retention on drainage system operating conditions during hydraulic overloading is presented. To evaluate the performance of the sewer system and identify the need for repair actions, logistic regression models were developed to predict the unit flooding volume and manhole overflowing. An advanced sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the key parameters (retention and roughness of impervious and pervious areas as well as sewer channel retention) conditioning the reduction of uncertainty in the simulation results and ensuring the assumed hydraulic effect. A coefficient expressing the quotient of the duration of rainfall conditioning the exceedance of the limits of the unit flooding volume (13 m³·ha−1) as well as the degree of overflowed manholes (0.32) was determined, allowing the determination of the key performance criterion of the sewer network to take corrective action depending on field and channel retention. It was shown that the catchment area retention had the key influence on the conditions of sewer operation and the probability of remedial work. Increasing the rainfall duration led to a decrease in sensitivity coefficients with respect to the identified parameters of the SWMM model, which is important when selecting rainfall events for the calibration and validation sets. The usefulness of the developed methodology was demonstrated at the stage of building mechanistic models, which is of significance when planning field studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper determines the effect of daily precipitation, occurring in the sewerage catchment area located in the Jastków Commune, on the volume of wastewater, flowing into the treatment plant in Snopków. Daily and annual volumes of incidental water, caused by precipitation, flowing into the selected sewerage system were determined, and then the annual costs incurred for their treatment were calculated. The sewerage system selected for the study is located in the eastern part of Poland, in the Lublin Voivodeship, within the Jastków Commune. The design average daily inflow of wastewater to the classical treatment plant with activated sludge is 1200 m³·d-1. To the sewage network made of PVC with a length of 67.22 km domestic wastewater from 1119 single-family buildings from 3350 residents are discharged. The study was carried out in 2019–2022, and the daily precipitation totals and daily sewage inflows to the treatment plant were analyzed. The results of the calculations were related to the humidity classification of the year (dry, average and wet) under temperate climate conditions. The study showed that during precipitation events, the share of incidental water in the average daily volume of wastewater flowing into the treatment plant ranged from 3 to 26%. Annually, 7,400 to 10,325 m³ of rainwater flowed into the studied treatment plant, which accounted for 5.0 to 6.3% of the annual volume of wastewater. The incidental waters flowing into the sewage system resulted in the need to spend additional sums – from PLN 47,814 (€10,897) to PLN 71,232 (€16,234) per year. Thus, the annual cost of wastewater treatment in the studied system increased by about 5–6%. The results of the study are important and valuable information for the operators of the analyzed sewerage network and the wastewater treatment plant, as well as for other units that use similar systems. They will allow to initiate actions to detect and eliminate illegal connections of roof gutters and/or yard drains to sanitary sewers in the analyzed area, which would then allow to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment in the studied case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaciers in the Svalbard Archipelago are retreating rapidly in response to climate change. This retreat leads to the alteration of the hydrological and thermal regimes of freshwater ecosystems. In this delicate context, existing anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations are at severe risk and might disappear from the archipelago. However, the retreat of glaciers also promotes the formation of new lake systems that might be suitable for colonization by anadromous Arctic charr. These systems may provide a substantial opportunity for the establishment of new populations of anadromous charr, potentially buffering the decline in existing systems. To date, there is a lack of information on the number of recently deglaciated lake systems that have emerged since the end of the Little Ice Age (ca. 1920) that might be suitable for charr colonization. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to provide an initial assessment of the number of these lakes. To this end, and in accordance with previously published research, this study assesses whether a recently deglaciated lake system is potentially open to colonization based on gradient, river length, and lake surface area. Depending on the applied threshold (four in total), up to 24 lake systems are classified as potentially open to colonization by anadromous Arctic charr, with Spitsbergen emerging as a potential hotspot for colonization. The findings of this paper might serve as basis for new studies and for implementing proactive management and conservation strategies to protect anadromous charr populations. Plain Language Summary: The landscape of the Archipelago of Svalbard is rapidly evolving in response to glacier retreat. The retreat of glaciers alters temperature and discharge of river and lake systems. These alterations may lead to the collapse of the highly valuable populations of anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in the Svalbard Archipelago. Whilst existing populations are at serious risk, new populations might establish in recently deglaciated lake systems. In order to implement proactive management and conservation strategies, it is of fundamental importance to classify newly formed lakes that might be open to colonization by anadromous charr. To this end, this study provides the first comprehensive identification of these lakes. Depending on the thresholds used to determine whether a lake is open to colonization, up to 24 lake systems are identified in the archipelago, with Spitsbergen emerging as a potential hotspot for colonization. Key Points: The retreat of glaciers since the end of the Little Ice Age has contributed to the formation of 168 lake systems in the Svalbard ArchipelagoUp to 24 lake systems were classified as potentially open to colonization by anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)Recently deglaciated lake systems might offer new opportunities for the establishment of new anadromous charr populations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fate of organic carbon (OC) in most river‐dominated ocean margins (RiOMars) has undergone a noticeable transformation with the increased sediment retention engineering in watersheds. In the East China Sea (ECS), transformation in sediment and the influence of bulk OC have been broadly studied. However, the response of different mechanisms of OC protection under transformation has not been investigated, hindering our understanding of the factors that control OC deposition. In this study, we isolated different OC fractions, analyzed the basic parameters of the sediments, and compared the previous study's data to reveal how OC deposition responded to transformation. Our research indicates that transformation leads to the reduction of OC associated with minerals and sorting of OC occluded by plant debris and OC associated with minerals resulting in increased decomposition and mineralization of OC. The transformation affects the mechanism of OC binding with reactive iron (FeR), increasing FeR‐protected OC content. Still, the co‐precipitation mechanism and the intense redox environment in the mud deposit decrease the FeR‐protected OC stability. Taken together, the impact of transformation is to increase the risk of OC decomposition and to weaken the OC preservation ability in RiOMars as carbon sinks. This study has implications for river‐dominated passive margins subject to increased sediment retention engineering in watersheds worldwide and deserves more attention. Plain Language Summary: Many river‐dominated ocean margins are changing because of human activities in the river basin. Scientists have studied how these changes affect sediment and organic carbon (OC) in the East China Sea. However, we still don't fully understand how different processes protect OC when sedimentary environments change. In our study, we researched various types of OC in the sediment and compared them with earlier research to explore how changes in sediment environments affect different types of OC. We found that as sediment environments change, the amount of OC associated with minerals decreases and the sorting of various types of OC, leads to uneven distribution of OC. The OC that binds with reactive iron (FeR) tends to increase, but its stability decreases in changing mechanisms and areas with intense chemical reactions. This study helps us understand how changes in sediment environments impact OC, which is important for similar regions around the world. Key Points: Sedimentary environment transformation results in a mineral‐associated organic carbon (OC) reduction and enhances OC decompositionIncreased primary productivity leads to increased reactive iron co‐precipitated with OC with relatively weak stabilityThe impact of sedimentary environment transformation may weaken the preservation of OC worldwide and merits further attention [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]