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Radiation pattern direction control is one of the most important capabilities of nanoantennas required in optical wireless nano-link for emitting into or detecting from the desired direction. In this work, a novel triangle nanoantenna operating in the near-infrared region is proposed in which the angle of maximum power emission is tuned via rotating one of the triangles and fixing the remaining ones. The advantage of this theme is the result of using piezoelectricity to tune the gap between nano-particles in a nano-antenna and also the possibility of tuning the angle of the pattern up to 25°. By adding a nano-particle to the structure and varying its location, the radiation pattern can be rotated in the desired angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, influence of third-order dispersion (TOD) on phase change properties of two-soliton model is numerically and analytically investigated. Using perturbation theory approach and split-step Fourier transform, phase characteristics of two solitons pulse are evolved and solved by nonlinear Schrodinger's equation. Each phase variation in the form of temporal shift under the base of third-order dispersion is also numerically devoted using the moments equation. As a result, it was found that the shift of soliton pulse mainly depends on third-order dispersion parameter β3. With the good agreement between analytical and numerical analysis, the impact of TOD has realized in a single channel telecommunication system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photon squeezing and self-pumping within a nonlinear microring GaAsInP/P resonator are modeled and simulated, based on practical, published device parameters. A slowly varying amplitude pulse is input to the system, with a pulse width of 20 ns, a wavelength of 1.55 µm and peak power of 100 mW. The nonlinear effect resulting from the photons within the nonlinear ring resonator can be increased by adding external nonlinear coupling where, in this case, two nonlinear side rings are provided. The Dirac approach is used to generate the squeezed photons within the system. Three different device structures have been investigated, which include an add-drop filter, and a modified add-drop filter with two inner and outer side ring coupling resonators, where the nonlinear four-wave mixing effect is introduced. By using the commercial Opti-wave and MATLAB programs (in which suitable parameters have been chosen), the balance between the creation and annihilation operators can form the squeezed photons, which can be seen at the edge and center rings. The results obtained have shown that the squeezed center photon optical path (between 0 and 1 nm can be obtained) can be useful for interferometry, photon sources, and security code and sensor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microring circuit is designed to form the upstream and downstream quantum communications. There are one space and two-time functions applied to form the transmission. A circuit consists of 3 microring resonators, where there are three processes of each transmission. Firstly, the space function pulse (soliton) fed into the system via the main ring input port. The whispering gallery mode (WGM) is generated at the center ring with suitable parameters. The dipole oscillation is formed by the coupling between plasmonic wave and gold grating, which will change in the dipole oscillation frequency inducing the change in the plasmonic sensor. The flip-flop signals obtained from the bright and dark soliton via the throughput and drop ports can apply for the transmission clock signals. Secondly, the quantum codes formed by a time-energy function input into the system via a silicon ring, which induced the four-wave mixing induced by the coherent light in a GaAsInP ring, can be identified and the quantum bits(qubits) formed by the polarized signal orientation. The quantum information is multiplexed into the system. Thirdly, the carrier time function will input via the add port main ring. By using the resonant condition, the multiplexed signals of those processes will transmit via either WGM or throughput port for wireless or cable transmission, respectively. The downstream process is processed the same way as the upstream, where the multiplexer is placed by the de-multiplexer. By varying the input power, the manipulation result has shown the potential realistic application for quantum and telepathic communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel protocol is proposed for bidirectional controlled quantum teleportation (BCQT) in which a quantum channel is used with the eight-qubit entangled state. Using the protocol, two users can teleport an arbitrary entangled state and a pure two-qubit state (QBS) to each other simultaneously under the permission of a third party in the role of controller. This protocol is based on the controlled-not operation, appropriate single-qubit (SIQ) UOs, and SIQ measurements in the Z and X-basis. Also, in this paper, a new criterion of merit named as (predictability of the controller's qubit (QB) by the eavesdropper) is introduced, and the protocol is improved based on it. Then, the proposed protocol is investigated in two typical noisy channels, the amplitude-damping noise (ADN) and the phase-damping noise (PDN). The analysis of the protocol in the noisy environment shows that it only depends on the amplitude of the initial state and the decoherence noisy rate (DR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, physical layer impairment (PLI)-aware shared path protection (SPP) scheme for single-link failures in transparent optical WDM mesh networks is considered. We propose PLI-aware integer linear programming (ILP) and heuristic algorithm for both SPP and dedicated-path protection (DPP) schemes. The objectives are to maximize the network resource utilization and minimize the quality of transmission (QoT) blocking probability, restoration time, and computational time. Both the ILP and the heuristic algorithm are evaluated, and their performance is compared. The heuristic algorithm is evaluated with extensive simulations over different network topologies. The solution obtained from the PLI-unaware SPP and DPP serves as the base line to evaluate the performance of our heuristic algorithm. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm is efficient and improves the QoT-blocking probability significantly. It achieves 100 % restorability and improves the network utilization up to 73 % . The result also shows an improvement in computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose the use of the electron cloud generated by quasi-particle waves called polariton dipoles, which oscillated within a silicon microring-embedded gold grating system for quantum consciousness processing model. An embedded gold grating is coupled by a whispering gallery mode beam generated by a soliton pulse, from which the polariton waves oscillated with the plasma frequency at the Bragg wavelength. The excited polariton cloud by the external stimuli can be detected at the system output ports. The two states of the polariton (electron) are spin-up and spin-down that can process automatically and deliver to the network and cloud. In manipulation, the results obtained show the electron density increased by increasing the input power into the system. In application, the cell polariton cloud coupled by the external stimuli and patterned by the quantum cellular automata results, which localized in the cloud network and connected to the nerve cell access nodes. The coded polaritons connected to the nerve cell memory clouds, while the required commands are delivered to resonant cells via the network link. More stenographic codes can also be generated by other external stimuli sources, which can process similarly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a bandpass terahertz filter based on multilayer metamaterials is proposed, designed and simulated numerically. To do this idea, first of all, the functional behavior (filtering property) of the bilayer metasurface is investigated considering a single bilayer-cylinder as a unit cell in the periodic system. Then, we show that by increasing the number of cylinders as basic elements in the unit cell, the bandwidth will increase. Also, the center frequency is tunable through changes in the dimension of the basic element. The main advantages of the proposed structure that can be used to realize terahertz filters are wideband, tunable, and easy to build. It is shown that the bandwidth of the proposed bandpass filter is about 1 THz and the amount of transmittance is close to 93%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grating coupling surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide is designed for nanoparticle sensors applications, where the properties of SPP waveguide model such as grating length and grating space length are designed with the Matlab and Optiwave programs. The propagation vector β of SPP grating slot waveguide is evaluated, from which the sensor applications model are simulated by the finite difference time domain method. The effective permittivity of the nanoparticle solution is evaluated. The sensor models are selected and the effective permittivity of the nanoparticle solution and used in the simulation model. The sensor activity of waveguides is determined with various values of the permittivity of grating space. The simulation result shows that the surface plasmonic TM0 mode of the design model is depended on a resonance with input wavelength, period length, space length, number of the grating, the permittivity of grating space, and the nanoparticle concentration in grating space area. It shows that the cut off wavelength is shipped by the refractive index of grating space, while the result of simulation at some low IR wavelengths shows linear relative between Hy field intensity of TM0 mode and grating space refractive index. The graph between Hy field intensity and concentration of nanoparticle solution also shows a good linear function, which has the good potential for sensor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have proposed the use of a soliton pulse that propagates within a modified add-drop filter, which is made of a GaAsInP/P material. It is in the form of a Panda-ring resonator, from which a bright/dark soliton pulse is input into a system via an input port. The conversion between bright and dark soliton pulses is introduced at the 3 dB coupler, i.e. the change in phase of π/2. But it is not superimposed each other. The output solitons obtained at the through and drop ports are bight and dark solitons respectively. Both signals can be used to form “ON’ and “OFF” or “1” and “0”, which are useful for the digital bit generation. The switching speed of the system can be improved by employing the two nonlinear side rings. In application, secure output bits can be arranged by using the alternative input solitons or the control ports, where the input bright and dark solitons can be converted into output bits. This means that the output bits can be randomly switched between “1” and “0”, which can be identified by the sender. Moreover, the additional information can be multiplexed via the add port and transmitted in either free space or optical fiber via the whispering gallery mode and through port outputs. Finally, the electro-optic switching can be transferred and the electronic switching by the embedded stacked layers, where the ultrafast switching of light input can lead the ultrafast electrical switching speed. The switching speed of ~ 5 fs and the offset time of ~ 220 fs of the “on” and OFF” are achieved by using the selected ring parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of antioxidants Butylated Hydroxi Toluene and Glutathione on microscopic semen parameters, lipid peroxidation, the level of Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA fragmentation following freezing- thawing of human semen. Materials and Methods: Semen samples were obtained from sixty normospermic donors and each three semen were pooled. The pooled semen samples were processed with density gradient method using pure sperm. After processing, the pellet was divided to three parts. The first parts were freezing medium containing BHT (0.5 mM) and the second parts were diluted with Glutathione (5 mM) and the third parts were diluted in freezing medium with no antioxidant (control). Then all samples were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. After 3 weeks samples warmed for two min in a water bath (37*#176;C) for evaluation the effects of antioxidants on sperm. Results: Freezing extenders supplemented with 0.5 BHT and Glutathione (5mM) led to higher sperm motility and viability compared to the control (p<0.00). The addition of antioxidants decreased malondialdehyde ROS formation, MDH formation and DNA fragmentation compared to the controls. Conclusion: Our results showed that the addition of GSH and BHT to the freezing extender could be of partial and limited benefit in improving the function of frozen human spermatozoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report makes a comparison between the spectrum features of plasmonic metamaterial metal-insulator-conductor (MIC) sensor with a monolayer of graphene and another MIC sensor with a multilayer of graphite as the back reflector. In both structures, the silicon substrate as an insulator layer was sandwiched between subwavelength periodic nanogold cones as the first layer and graphene and graphite as the third layer, respectively. Nanolayer of chromium nanorods was also considered in the structure of MIC sensors as an interface layer between silicon and nanogold cone metasurface. The performance of the sensor was evaluated under different incident polarized light angles and different thickness of the metasurface when the metasurface infiltrated with seawater and air. The transmission spectrum of monolayer graphene-based MIC sensor, respecting to s-polarized waves, reveals prominent feature to detect the air rather than seawater in invisible regime. Meanwhile, the reflection spectrum of graphite-based MIC sensor provides ∼0 % reflection under resonance condition regarding s- and p-polarized waves for detecting air in visible spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A micro-optic racetrack waveguide is designed and simulated for a mid-infrared supercontinuum (SC) generation, where the device structure consists of a single-couple racetrack ridge and double-couple racetrack ridge waveguides, which can be engineered to have the anomalous dispersion silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguide. Using the commercial software, the numerical results are obtained and investigated. Using a 50 fs pulse input with a low peak power of 25 W, the obtained results have shown that the dispersion of the propagation pulse, D = +28.89 nm km at the near-infrared wavelength can be obtained, in which the obtained broadband SC spectrum can be extended around 2100 and 1613 nm with a −30 dB covering the wavelength range from 1043 nm to 3152 and 1030 to 2643 nm, respectively, which can be compared with the ridge waveguide, from which the spectrum is extended to have the maximum of 4.77 and 3.66 octaves, respectively. It is also found that the physical process of the supercontinuum generation in both couple racetrack ridge waveguides is related to the soliton fission and Cherenkov radiation, self-phase modulation and accumulations are inside the racetrack waveguide resonator until the amplitude and spectrum width are stabled, which is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Routing is fundamental in any wireless network for path selection, which provides the most effective way that legitimizes the data to be transmitted from a source to a destination device. In gigantic network demand nowadays, routing is pertinent to ensure fast and reliable data transfer. Ineffective routing may cause route flapping and degrade the overall Quality of Service (QoS). Meanwhile, Device-to-Device communications (D2D) is a technology that allows the devices to be connected without or partial involvement of the conventional cellular network. With these natures of qualities, D2D communication provides a reliable propitious medium that caters for the needs of many different telecommunications scenarios. The interconnectivity of multiple devices creates the Internet of Things (IoT), which will be an essential insistent in future technologies. With the dynamic nature of D2D technology, the routing approach act as a principal architecture that essential to be implemented in every niche D2D aspect. If wrong routing decisions are made in D2D communication, the QoS performance would be worse than the conventional cellular network. This paper present the state of the art of fundamentals, recent progress, current challenges, future directions, and potential routing applications for D2D and Beyond IoT 5G Networks. This review will also act as a guide and reference for future researchers and scientists to explore and integrate the routing technique in D2D communication and Beyond IoT 5G Networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that near-infrared (NIR) light sources are appropriate to ablate benign tumor irreversibly using heat treatment even in deep tissues. The laser light penetration into the skin in these wavelengths is deep (3–5 mm). Applying new stable materials for emitting NIR wavelengths in tumor positions can help cancer treatment. In this paper, synthesis of the conjugated core-multishell Ag/SiO2/Ag and Au/SiO2/Au quantum dots (QDs) with indocyanine green (ICG) is done and their theoretical and experimental absorptions and emissions in the NIR region are investigated. Thus, heat generation (high-resolution medical imaging capabilities) and emission enhancement are explained and described based on the FRET model for the proposed core-multishell QDs and it is shown that Ag/SiO2/Ag with ICG presents 4 times higher emission rate versus ICG alone in NIR region. Also, because of the plasmon hybridization and also resonance light penetration enhancement, the temperature in tissues increases that is useful for photothermal therapy and NIR high-resolution medical imaging for deep tissues. As an alternative application, these nanoparticles with amazing features are used as a heat source in cancer treatment for shallow and deep tissues. Finally, it is shown that Ag/SiO2/Ag QDs are the best solution for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin wave generation formed by a soliton pulse within MZI embedded plasmonic antennas has been proposed. A soliton is the orthogonal (entangled) source that can be configured as the vertical and horizontal components in the same way as the polarization components. A dark soliton of wavelength 1.55 µm is selected and fed into the MZI input. The dark-bright soliton pulse entered into the upper and lower branches to form uplink and downlink antennas. The whispering gallery mode (WGM) can be generated by controlling the two side ring phase modulators. The gold grating surface is excited by the WGM input form the circuit, from which the electric dipoles oscillated. The trapped electrons by soliton pulses transmitted. The dipole oscillation of the antennas identified by plasma frequencies (Bragg wavelengths), which can form the spin-waves. The simulation programs are Optiwave and Matlab programs, from which the used parameters are selected from the realistic device parameters. The simulation results obtained show that the transmission bandwidth of 600 GHz with the antenna directivity of 7.78, and 4.63 for the uplink and downlink respectively and antenna gain (power) of 1.13 dB, and 1.07 dB for the uplink and downlink respectively. The transmission signals and power stability are confirmed by the transmission entanglement. The quantum sensor networks can also be applied, where the trend of the sensor sensitivity linearity is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports nonlinear optical response studies of thin layers using graphene oxide (GO) and their performance for detecting water content in transformer oil using three sets of approaches. The sensor performance is evaluated based on bare optical fibre, D-shape optical fibre integrated with GO and the effects of the covering device with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The improvement of this study is to ensure the stability of the recorded signal. The nonlinear optical response of the prepared dispersion was explored using the Z-scan technique with an 800 nm continuous wave laser beam. Taking advantage of the graphene-induced evanescent field using D-shape optical fibre with PDMS covers on the device can give high sensitivity and good stability for water dissolved in the oil at 1550 nm. We measured fluctuations in transmitted light associated with varying water contents ranging from 16 to 38 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optical sensor composed of a circular cylindrical fiber surrounded by graphene layer is investigated. The thin layer of graphene is located at the core–cladding interface. The cladding is an aqueous material. The conductivity (σ ) of the graphene layer is taken as σ = σ ′ + j σ ″ , where σ ′ and σ ″ is the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity. We consider TE waves to propagate in the structure. Using Maxwell's equations, the dispersion relation is derived. Also, the sensitivity of the effective refractive index to any changes in the aqueous cladding refractive index is deduced. It is found that the sensitivity of the proposed optical fiber can be dramatically improved with the variation of graphene layer conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) interact with biological fluids such as human plasma to form a protein coating (corona) on the surface of NPs (NP-protein complex). However, the impact of size and type of NPs on binding of the hard corona to the surface of NPs as well as damping of their optical spectra has not been systematically explored. To elucidate the interaction between biological environment (human plasma) and NPs, a photophysical measurement was conducted to quantify the interaction of two different types of NPs (gold (Au) and silver (Ag)) with common human plasma proteins. The colloidal AuNPs and AgNPs were electrostatically stabilized and varied in diameter from 10 to 80 nm in the presence of common human plasma. The sizes of the NPs were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Optical absorption spectra were obtained for the complexes. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement and zeta potential were used to characterize the sizes, hydrodynamic diameters, and surface charges of the protein-NPs complexes. Protein separation was performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to isolate and identify the protein bands. The absorption of proteins to the NPs was found to be strongly dependent on the size and type of NPs. The distance between surface of NPs by absorbed protein bound to the NPs gradually increased with size of NPs, particularly for AgNPs with primary diameter of < 50 nm. The chi-square test proved that AgNPs are a good candidate in sensing the protein complex in human plasma compared with AuNPs mainly for the AgNPs with diameter sized 50 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel model to attain high birefringence and low loss in a slotted core-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure in THz regime. The performance of the proposed PCF has been evaluated by applying finite element method (FEM) with full simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics V-5.1. The proposed model gains good optical properties such as high birefringence of 0.24, low effective material loss (EML) of 0.03 cm − 1 , low confinement loss of 6.5 × 10 − 1 3  (dB/m), low scattering loss of 2 × 10 − 3  (dB/m) and low bending loss of 7.4 × 10 − 2 0  (dB/cm). The proposed structure also exhibits the flattened dispersion for wider frequency response. However, the real-life fabrication of the suggested model is highly feasible using the current technology due to the unique shape of circular air holes in the cladding region. The outcomes make the proposed PCF a stronger candidate for polarization-preserving applications such as sensing, communications and filtering operations in THz band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An on-chip-scale, up-down link conversion circuit for electro-optic signals to use in a light fidelity network application is proposed. A system consisting of a loop microring resonator (known as a Panda-ring resonator), is coupled inline to the input of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). When the light from that source is input into the system, a fraction of the power is coupled inline through successive pumping and then circulated within the system. By using the most appropriate device parameters, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) of the light, with the inline successive pumping condition, is generated at the resonance condition. The transmitted signals are a combination of the comb and WGM signals and are obtained at the MZI output. The simulation results obtained have shown that a maximum power of 300 mW is achieved from the device. A comb signal, over the spectral band from 1.350-1.750 µm is obtained, with the center wavelength at 1.55 µm. The results show an up-downlink switching speed of is ~ 20 fs is also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dark-bright soliton conversion is used to perform the two arithmetic logic unit operations namely adder and subtractor operations. The advantage of the system such as power stability, non-dispersion and the dark-bright soliton phase conversion control can be obtained. The input source into the circuit is the bright soliton pulse, with the pulse width of 35 ps, the peak power at 1.55 µm is 1 mW. By using the dark-bright soliton conversion pair, the generated logic bits can be controlled, and the secure bits can be achieved. The simulation results show the output signal with a minimum loss of only 0.1% with respect to a low input power of 1 mW, and ultra-fast response time of about 1 ps can be achieved. It gives the ultra-high bandwidth of more than 40 Gbits−1. The circuit composes six microring resonators made of InGaAsP/InP material with smaller ring radii of 1.5 µm, and the total physical scale of the circuit less than 100 µm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electro-optic power pumping system model using the inline successive technique within the modified add-drop filter is proposed. A pumping system consists of a closed loop Panda ring resonator, from which the optical power is coupled inline into the system. By controlling the two side phase modulators, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) is generated by the amplitude-squeezed light within the modified add-drop filter. By using the proposed circuits, the low current can be applied into the system via a gold layer connection, from which the amplified output current can be obtained at the throughput port, which can be functioned as the electronic operational amplifier (op-amp). In application, the WGM output is the amplified signal that can be used for the up (down) link in free space communication network called light fidelity (LiFi). The electro-optic signals conversion can be performed by the stacked layers of silicon-graphene-gold materials. The results obtained have shown that large gain is obtained at the WGM output, which is ~ 5 × 10-6cm2(VsW)-1, when the pumping saturation time is ~ 2 fs. It concludes the suitability of our proposed model for light fidelity, LiFi up-down link conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of the microsensor system for biosensors using the plasmonic island is proposed. The sensor head is formed by the stacked layers of silicon-graphene-gold materials. The dual-mode operations of the sensor can be performed using the relationship of the changes between the electron mobility and optical phase, where the exciting environment can be light intensity (phase), electrical transient, heat, pressure, flavour and smoke, The change in light phase (intensity) in silicon and conductivity (mobility) in gold layers cause change in the output measurands. The design and simulation interpretation of the sensor is presented. The sensor manipulation using the MCM arrangement is simulated and interpreted for biosensor applications 3D imaging can also be applied to the MCM function, where the 3D in situ sensor function is possible. The sensor sensitivity of 2.0 × 10−21 cm2 V−1 s−1 (mW)−1 via simulation is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasmonic electronic component consists of the stacked layers of silicon-graphene-gold materials can be integrated with the driven group velocity system, which is nonlinear microring resonator. This determines the suitable driven velocity in controlling the side ring phase modulators. In such a case, the proposed system can give the advantage of the greater switching speed and the hybrid function between electronic and light signals. The obtained I-V output characteristics of the transmitted results have shown that the proposed circuit can function to be the electronic devices with very high stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We present a design of micro‐conjugate mirror using a nonlinear microring resonator, which is made of GaAsInP/P, is rapidly achieving widespread option in several three‐dimensional (3D) imaging applications. By exploiting the conjugate mirror properties, the 3D light probes can be formed by the whispering gallery modes (WGM) in which the WGM probe is also available within a nonlinear microring resonator. It is important to understand, these light probes use the similar functional principle to provide structured light through the object, just as the reference beams to light up and develop a hologram using the holographic method. The interference of 2 beams constructs the 3D image which can be seen by the naked‐eye while providing the 3D perception. The simulation results obtained from the transmission of 3D imaging are processed using MATLAB and OptiFDTD are compared and analyzed. These convincing theoretical results suggest that the proposed method can be used in practice to realize the naked‐eye 3D imaging with convincing visual perception and efficient transmission while providing the ultimate mode of convenience for viewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The poly cystic ovary syndrome (PC-OS), one of the most common endocrine disorders in reproductive age women, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance predisposing to diabetes mellitus type 2 and atherosclerosis. Adiponectin is a recently discovered adipocytokine with insulin -sensitizing and putative anti atherosclerotic properties. Several studies have illustrated that adiponectin can regulate granulosa cell stroidogenesis and the expression of genes associated with ovulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a relationship between gene expression of estrogen and progesterone nuclear receptors and adiponectin receptors in granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS women compared to women with normal cycling ovaries in order to achieve a better understanding of ovarian steroid status in patients with PCOS. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 40 patients with PCOS and 40 women with normal ovulatory function who underwent IVF for treatment of tubal and/or male infertility were recruited. Follicular fluid was collected from patients and. GCs were isolated from follicular fluid by centrifugation and then were purified with Micro Beads conjugated to monoclonal anti-human CD45 antibodies. RNA was extracted and Reverse transcription was performed. Gene expression of AdipoRl, AdipoR2, estrogen and progesterone receptors was determined by quantitative real time PCR (q-PCR). All statistical procedures were run on SPSS 16. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: By considering all subjects with and without PCOS undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, we observed ERa and ER [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a characterization of a home-made arc-shaped side-polished fiber (SPF) is demonstrated. The arc-shaped SPF is made possible by a polisher design that polishes suspended SMF-28 fibers from the bottom side using motor wheel technique. Characterization of the fabricated SPFs are made by applying at different V-bending conditions governed by delta s values to gauge the SPF power loss and stability towards bending. As delta s increases, the spectral power shows dropping in a linear manner with slopes of −0.045, −0.036 and −0.008 dB/µm are attained for different SPF insertion losses of 1.5, 5.27 and 12.39 dB respectively. In addition, the same SPFs have shown to be able to recover power up to a level when 200 µm and back-returned of 0 µm displacements were made. In addition, heat test on an SPF with insertion loss of 11.4 dB has proved that there is no significant spectral change is observed at different temperature settings up to 60 °C. This shows that the fabricated SPF is highly immune to temperature noise and even when Graphene oxide (GO) is deposited on a SPF with insertion loss of 1.8 dB. The SPF with the deposited GO also shows similar result at different V-bending conditions having a slope of −0.0195 µW/µm with linearity of 0.9984 are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]