542 results on '"Andrade, Alan"'
Search Results
252. In Silico and Quantitative Analyses of MADS-Box Genes in Coffea arabica
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de Oliveira, Raphael Ricon, primary, Chalfun-Junior, Antonio, additional, Paiva, Luciano Vilela, additional, and Andrade, Alan Carvalho, additional
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- 2010
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253. Skin secretion peptides: the molecular facet of the deimatic behavior of the four-eyed frog, Physalaemus nattereri (Anura, Leptodactylidae).
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Barbosa, Eder Alves, Iembo, Tatiane, Martins, Graciella Ribeiro, Silva, Luciano Paulino, Prates, Maura Vianna, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, and Bloch, Carlos
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PEPTIDE analysis ,PHYSALAEMUS nattereri ,LEPTODACTYLIDAE ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,MASS spectrometry ,GENE expression - Abstract
Rationale Amphibians can produce a large amount of bioactive peptides over the skin. In order to map the precise tissue localization of these compounds and evaluate their functions, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and gene expression studies were used to investigate a possible correlation between molecules involved in the antimicrobial defense mechanisms and anti-predatory behavior by Physalaemus nattereri. Methods Total skin secretion of P. nattereri was analyzed by classical Protein Chemistry and proteomic techniques. Intact inguinal macroglands were dissected from the rest of the skin and both tissues were analyzed by MSI and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments. Peptides were primarily identified by de novo sequencing, automatic Edman degradation and cDNA data. Results Fifteen bradykinin (BK)-related peptides and two antimicrobial peptides were sequenced and mapped by MSI on the inguinal macrogland and the rest of P. nattereri skin. RT-PCR results revealed that BK-related peptide levels of expression were about 30,000 times higher on the inguinal macroglands than on the any other region of the skin, whilst antimicrobial peptide ions appear to be evenly distributed in both investigated regions. Conclusions The presence of antimicrobial peptides in all investigated tissue regions is in accordance with the defensive role against microorganisms thoroughly demonstrated in the literature, whereas BK-related molecules are largely found on the inguinal macroglands suggesting an intriguing link between their noxious activities against potential predators of P. nattereri and the frog's deimatic behavior. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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254. Novel dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Amphibia)
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Brand, Guilherme D., primary, Leite, José Roberto S.A., additional, de Sá Mandel, Saulo Martins, additional, Mesquita, Darlan A., additional, Silva, Luciano P., additional, Prates, Maura V., additional, Barbosa, Eder A., additional, Vinecky, Felipe, additional, Martins, Graciella R., additional, Galasso, João Henrique, additional, Kuckelhaus, Selma A.S., additional, Sampaio, Raimunda N.R., additional, Furtado, José R., additional, Andrade, Alan C., additional, and Bloch, Carlos, additional
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- 2006
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255. Brazilian coffee genome project: an EST-based genomic resource
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Vieira, Luiz Gonzaga Esteves, primary, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, additional, Colombo, Carlos Augusto, additional, Moraes, Ana Heloneida de Araújo, additional, Metha, Ângela, additional, Oliveira, Angélica Carvalho de, additional, Labate, Carlos Alberto, additional, Marino, Celso Luis, additional, Monteiro-Vitorello, Claúdia de Barros, additional, Monte, Damares de Castro, additional, Giglioti, Éder, additional, Kimura, Edna Teruko, additional, Romano, Eduardo, additional, Kuramae, Eiko Eurya, additional, Lemos, Eliana Gertrudes Macedo, additional, Almeida, Elionor Rita Pereira de, additional, Jorge, Érika C., additional, Albuquerque, Érika V. S., additional, Silva, Felipe Rodrigues da, additional, Vinecky, Felipe, additional, Sawazaki, Haiko Enok, additional, Dorry, Hamza Fahmi A., additional, Carrer, Helaine, additional, Abreu, Ilka Nacif, additional, Batista, João A. N., additional, Teixeira, João Batista, additional, Kitajima, João Paulo, additional, Xavier, Karem Guimarães, additional, Lima, Liziane Maria de, additional, Camargo, Luis Eduardo Aranha de, additional, Pereira, Luiz Filipe Protasio, additional, Coutinho, Luiz Lehmann, additional, Lemos, Manoel Victor Franco, additional, Romano, Marcelo Ribeiro, additional, Machado, Marcos Antonio, additional, Costa, Marcos Mota do Carmo, additional, Sá, Maria Fátima Grossi de, additional, Goldman, Maria Helena S., additional, Ferro, Maria Inês T., additional, Tinoco, Maria Laine Penha, additional, Oliveira, Mariana C., additional, Van Sluys, Marie-Anne, additional, Shimizu, Milton Massao, additional, Maluf, Mirian Perez, additional, Eira, Mirian Therezinha Souza da, additional, Guerreiro Filho, Oliveiro, additional, Arruda, Paulo, additional, Mazzafera, Paulo, additional, Mariani, Pilar Drummond Sampaio Correa, additional, Oliveira, Regina L.B.C. de, additional, Harakava, Ricardo, additional, Balbao, Silvia Filippi, additional, Tsai, Siu Mui, additional, Mauro, Sonia Marli Zingaretti di, additional, Santos, Suzana Neiva, additional, Siqueira, Walter José, additional, Costa, Gustavo Gilson Lacerda, additional, Formighieri, Eduardo Fernandes, additional, Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella, additional, and Pereira, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães, additional
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- 2006
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256. Impact of fungal drug transporters on fungicide sensitivity, multidrug resistance and virulence
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de Waard, Maarten A, primary, Andrade, Alan C, additional, Hayashi, Keisuke, additional, Schoonbeek, Henk‐jan, additional, Stergiopoulos, Ioannis, additional, and Zwiers, Lute‐Harm, additional
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- 2006
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257. PROPRIEDADES DO PAPEL KRAFT A PARTIR DA MADEIRA JUVENIL DE Pinus maximinoi, H.E. Moore E Pinus taeda L.
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Klock, Umberto, primary, De Andrade, Alan Sulato, additional, Bittencourt, Eduardo, additional, Mocelin, Ezequiel Zatoni, additional, and Crepaldi, Cristiane, additional
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- 2004
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258. Multidrug resistance in Aspergillus nidulans involves novel ATP-binding cassette transporters
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UCL - Autre, DelSorbo, G, Andrade, Alan C, VanNistelrooy, JGM, VanKan, JAL, Balzi, E., DeWaard, MA, UCL - Autre, DelSorbo, G, Andrade, Alan C, VanNistelrooy, JGM, VanKan, JAL, Balzi, E., and DeWaard, MA
- Abstract
Two single-copy genes, designated atrA and atrB (ATP-binding cassette transporter A and B), were cloned from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans and sequenced. Based on the presence of conserved motifs and on hydropathy analysis, the products encoded by atrA and atr B can be regarded as novel members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters. Both products share the same topology as the ABC transporters PDR5 and SNQ2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and CDR1 from Candida albicans, which are involved in multidrug resistance of these yeasts. Significant homology also occurs between the ATP-binding cassettes of AtrA and AtrB, and those of mammalian ABC transporters (P-glycoproteins). The transcription of atrA and, in particular, atrB in mycelium of A. nidulans is strongly enhanced by treatment with several drugs, including antibiotics, azole fungicides and plant defense toxins. The enhanced transcription is detectable within a few minutes after drug treatment and coincides with the beginning of energy-dependent drug efflux activity, reported previously in the fungus for azole fungicides. Transcription of the atr genes has been studied in a wild-type and in a series of isogenic strains carrying the imaA and/or imaB genes, which confer multidrug resistance to various toxic compounds such as the azole fungicide imazalil. atrB is constitutively transcribed at a low level in the wild-type and in strains carrying imaA or imaB. Imazalil treatment enhances transcription of atrB to a similar extent in all strains tested. atrA, unlike atrB, displays a relatively high level of constitutive expression in mutants carrying imaB. Imazalil enhances transcription of atrA more strongly in imaB mutants, suggesting that the imaB locus regulates atrA. Functional analysis demonstrated that cDNA of atrB can complement the drug hypersensitivity associated with PDR5 deficiency in S. cerevisiae.
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- 1997
259. Genomics of Coffee One of the World's Largest Traded Commodities.
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Jorgensen, Richard A., Moore, Paul H., Ming, Ray, Lashermes, Philippe, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, and Etienne, Hervé
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Coffee is one of the world's most valuable agricultural export commodities. In particular, coffee is a key export and cash crop in numerous tropical and subtropical countries having a generally favorable impact on the social and physical environment.While coffee species belong to the Rubiaceae family, one of the largest tropical angiosperm families, commercial production relies mainly on two species, Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora Pierre, known as Robusta. Although a considerable genetic diversity is potentially available, coffee breeding is still a long and difficult process. Nevertheless, genomic approaches offer feasible strategies to decipher the genetic and molecular bases of important biological traits in coffee tree species that are relevant to the growers, processors, and consumers. This knowledge is fundamental to allow efficient use and preservation of coffee genetic resources for the development of improved cultivars in terms of quality and reduced conomic and environmental costs. This review focuses on the recent progress of coffee genomics in relation to crop improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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260. The ABC transporter AtrB from Aspergillus nidulans mediates resistance to all major classes of fungicides and some natural toxic compounds
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Andrade, Alan C., primary, Del Sorbo, Giovanni, additional, Van Nistelrooy, Johannes G. M., additional, and Waard, Maarten A. De, additional
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- 2000
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261. Different Molecular Mechanisms Account for Drought Tolerance in Coffea canephora var. Conilon.
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Vieira, Natalia G., Carneiro, Fernanda A., Sujii, Patricia S., Alekcevetch, Jean C., Freire, Luciana P., Vinecky, Felipe, Elbelt, Sonia, Silva, Vânia A., DaMatta, Fábio M., Ferrão, Maria A. G., Marraccini, Pierre, and Andrade, Alan C.
- Abstract
The effects of water deficit on photochemical parameters and expression of several candidate genes were investigated in drought-tolerant clone 73 of Coffea canephora submitted to slowly imposed water limitation. Under irrigation, this clone showed low values of stomatal conductance ( g
s ) and of CO2 assimilation rates ( A) suggesting that it had a great efficiency in controlling stomatal closure and transpiration. After water withdrawal, this clone reached a −3.0 MPa after 15 days without irrigation and showed a slow decrease in the pre-dawn leaf water potential. Under drought, the suppression of A was accompanied by maintenance of photochemical quenching ( qP ) and internal to ambient CO2 concentration ( Ci/ Ca) ratios as well as by a decrease of non-photochemical quenching ( qN ). This is confirmed by the transport rate/CO2 assimilation ( ETR/A) rates that suggested the participation of an alternative electron sink protecting the photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition. At the transcriptomic level, high up-regulation of genes encoding for a dehydrin ( CcDH3), an ascorbate peroxidase ( CcAPX1), a prephenate-dehydrogenase like protein ( CcPDH1) and a non-symbiotic haemoglobin ( CcNSH1) was also observed upon drought suggesting a strong induction of antioxidant and osmoprotection systems in this clone. High expression levels of gene-encoding ABA receptors ( CcPYL3 and CcPYL7) under water limitation were also observed suggesting the involvement of the ABA signaling pathway in response to drought. All these results where compared to those previously obtained for drought-tolerant clones 14 and 120. Our results demonstrated the existence of different mechanisms amongst the drought-tolerant coffee clones regarding water deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
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262. Transcriptional Activity, Chromosomal Distribution and Expression Effects of Transposable Elements in Coffea Genomes.
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Lopes, Fabrício R., Jjingo, Daudi, da Silva, Carlos R. M., Andrade, Alan C., Marraccini, Pierre, Teixeira, João B., Carazzolle, Marcelo F., Pereira, Gonçalo A. G., Pereira, Luiz Filipe P., Vanzela, André L. L., Wang, Lu, Jordan, I. King, and Carareto, Claudia M. A.
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GENETIC transcription ,CHROMOSOMES ,TRANSPOSONS ,COFFEE ,GENE expression in plants ,PLANT genomes ,HOST plants - Abstract
Plant genomes are massively invaded by transposable elements (TEs), many of which are located near host genes and can thus impact gene expression. In flowering plants, TE expression can be activated (de-repressed) under certain stressful conditions, both biotic and abiotic, as well as by genome stress caused by hybridization. In this study, we examined the effects of these stress agents on TE expression in two diploid species of coffee, Coffea canephora and C. eugenioides, and their allotetraploid hybrid C. arabica. We also explored the relationship of TE repression mechanisms to host gene regulation via the effects of exonized TE sequences. Similar to what has been seen for other plants, overall TE expression levels are low in Coffea plant cultivars, consistent with the existence of effective TE repression mechanisms. TE expression patterns are highly dynamic across the species and conditions assayed here are unrelated to their classification at the level of TE class or family. In contrast to previous results, cell culture conditions per se do not lead to the de-repression of TE expression in C. arabica. Results obtained here indicate that differing plant drought stress levels relate strongly to TE repression mechanisms. TEs tend to be expressed at significantly higher levels in non-irrigated samples for the drought tolerant cultivars but in drought sensitive cultivars the opposite pattern was shown with irrigated samples showing significantly higher TE expression. Thus, TE genome repression mechanisms may be finely tuned to the ideal growth and/or regulatory conditions of the specific plant cultivars in which they are active. Analysis of TE expression levels in cell culture conditions underscored the importance of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathways in the repression of Coffea TEs. These same NMD mechanisms can also regulate plant host gene expression via the repression of genes that bear exonized TE sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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263. Differentially expressed genes and proteins upon drought acclimation in tolerant and sensitive genotypes of Coffea canephora.
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Marraccini, Pierre, Vinecky, Felipe, Alves, Gabriel S.C., Ramos, Humberto J.O., Elbelt, Sonia, Vieira, Natalia G., Carneiro, Fernanda A., Sujii, Patricia S., Alekcevetch, Jean C., Silva, Vânia A., DaMatta, Fábio M., Ferrão, Maria A.G., Leroy, Thierry, Pot, David, Vieira, Luiz G.E., da Silva, Felipe R., and Andrade, Alan C.
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GENE expression ,PROTEINS ,DROUGHTS ,COFFEE ,TRANSPIRATION (Physics) ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,MATRIX-assisted laser desorption-ionization - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying drought acclimation in coffee plants by the identification of candidate genes (CGs) using different approaches. The first approach used the data generated during the Brazilian Coffee expressed sequence tag (EST) project to select 13 CGs by an in silico analysis (electronic northern). The second approach was based on screening macroarrays spotted with plasmid DNA (coffee ESTs) with separate hybridizations using leaf cDNA probes from drought-tolerant and susceptible clones of Coffea canephora var. Conilon, grown under different water regimes. This allowed the isolation of seven additional CGs. The third approach used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify proteins displaying differential accumulation in leaves of drought-tolerant and susceptible clones of C. canephora. Six of them were characterized by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry) and the corresponding proteins were identified. Finally, additional CGs were selected from the literature, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to analyse the expression of all identified CGs. Altogether, >40 genes presenting differential gene expression during drought acclimation were identified, some of them showing different expression profiles between drought-tolerant and susceptible clones. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that factors involved a complex network of responses probably involving the abscisic signalling pathway and nitric oxide are major molecular determinants that might explain the better efficiency in controlling stomata closure and transpiration displayed by drought-tolerant clones of C. canephora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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264. An EST-based analysis identifies new genes and reveals distinctive gene expression features of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora.
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Mondego, Jorge M. C., Vidal, Ramon O., Carazzolle, Marcelo F., Tokuda, Eric K., Parizzi, Lucas P., Costa, Gustavo G. L., Pereira, Luiz F. P., Andrade, Alan C., Colombo, Carlos A., Vieira, Luiz G. E., and Pereira, Gonçalo A. G.
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COFFEE ,GENE expression ,CARRIER proteins ,PEPTIDES ,PLANT breeding ,PLANT genetics - Abstract
Background: Coffee is one of the world's most important crops; it is consumed worldwide and plays a significant role in the economy of producing countries. Coffea arabica and C. canephora are responsible for 70 and 30% of commercial production, respectively. C. arabica is an allotetraploid from a recent hybridization of the diploid species, C. canephora and C. eugenioides. C. arabica has lower genetic diversity and results in a higher quality beverage than C. canephora. Research initiatives have been launched to produce genomic and transcriptomic data about Coffea spp. as a strategy to improve breeding efficiency. Results: Assembling the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of C. arabica and C. canephora produced by the Brazilian Coffee Genome Project and the Nestlé-Cornell Consortium revealed 32,007 clusters of C. arabica and 16,665 clusters of C. canephora. We detected different GC3 profiles between these species that are related to their genome structure and mating system. BLAST analysis revealed similarities between coffee and grape (Vitis vinifera) genes. Using KA/KS analysis, we identified coffee genes under purifying and positive selection. Protein domain and gene ontology analyses suggested differences between Coffea spp. data, mainly in relation to complex sugar synthases and nucleotide binding proteins. OrthoMCL was used to identify specific and prevalent coffee protein families when compared to five other plant species. Among the interesting families annotated are new cystatins, glycine-rich proteins and RALF-like peptides. Hierarchical clustering was used to independently group C. arabica and C. canephora expression clusters according to expression data extracted from EST libraries, resulting in the identification of differentially expressed genes. Based on these results, we emphasize gene annotation and discuss plant defenses, abiotic stress and cup quality-related functional categories. Conclusion: We present the first comprehensive genome-wide transcript profile study of C. arabica and C. canephora, which can be freely assessed by the scientific community at http://www.lge.ibi.unicamp.br/ coffea. Our data reveal the presence of species-specific/prevalent genes in coffee that may help to explain particular characteristics of these two crops. The identification of differentially expressed transcripts offers a starting point for the correlation between gene expression profiles and Coffea spp. developmental traits, providing valuable insights for coffee breeding and biotechnology, especially concerning sugar metabolism and stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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265. A High-Throughput Data Mining of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Coffea Species Expressed Sequence Tags Suggests Differential Homeologous Gene Expression in the Allotetraploid Coffea arabica.
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Vidal, Ramon Oliveira, Costa Mondego, Jorge Maurício, Pot, David, Ambrósio, Alinne Batista, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, Protasio Pereira, Luiz Filipe, Colombo, Carlos Augusto, Esteves Vieira, Luiz Gonzaga, Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella, and Guimarães Pereira, Gonçalo Amarante
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COFFEE ,FARM produce ,CROPS ,PESTS ,DROUGHTS ,GENES - Abstract
Polyploidization constitutes a common mode of evolution in flowering plants. This event provides the raw material for the divergence of function in homeologous genes, leading to phenotypic novelty that can contribute to the success of polyploids in nature or their selection for use in agriculture. Mounting evidence underlined the existence of homeologous expression biases in polyploid genomes; however, strategies to analyze such transcriptome regulation remained scarce. Important factors regarding homeologous expression biases remain to be explored, such as whether this phenomenon influences specific genes, how paralogs are affected by genome doubling, and what is the importance of the variability of homeologous expression bias to genotype differences. This study reports the expressed sequence tag assembly of the allopolyploid Coffea arabica and one of its direct ancestors, Coffea canephora. The assembly was used for the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms through the identification of high-quality discrepancies in overlapped expressed sequence tags and for gene expression information indirectly estimated by the transcript redundancy. Sequence diversity profiles were evaluated within C. arabica (Ca) and C. canephora (Cc) and used to deduce the transcript contribution of the Coffea eugenioides (Ce) ancestor. The assignment of the C. arabica haplotypes to the C. canephora (CaCc) or C. eugenioides (CaCe) ancestral genomes allowed us to analyze gene expression contributions of each subgenome in C. arabica. In silico data were validated by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific combination TaqMAMA-based method. The presence of differential expression of C. arabica homeologous genes and its implications in coffee gene expression, ontology, and physiology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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266. Health care professionals and use of digital technologies in patients with dementia and related disorders.
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Andrade, Alan Cronemberger, Corrado, Marta, and Bertolucci, Paulo Henrique Ferreira
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Background: Digital technologies (digiTech) enhance benefits in healthcare and are present in elderly people lives. Healthcare professionals (HCP) who deal with dementia and related disorders face enormous challenges in delivering healthcare using digital devices, and Covid‐19 pandemic showed these pitfalls should be addressed. Technology solutions in elder people are being developed, not every HCP is heard, and we lack information about what these professionals think about this. Methods: Using structured questionnaires and asynchronous electrotonic data capture, we asked experienced (84.3% postgraduate degrees) HCP with different backgrounds (8 practice areas) about what they think of technology use among their patients and carers. The average person in our sample (N = 51) was a highly skilled (22.2 study‐years) female (70.6%) medical doctor (62.8%) aged 39.1 years old (27 to 77 years), highly exposed to digiTech (68.6% mobile devices usage ≥4 hours/day). Neurologists (37.3%), neuropsychologists (15.7%), psychiatrists (13.7%), geriatricians (11.8%) were the most represented groups. This observational cross‐sectional study is part of a Brazilian pilot study to explore technology usage in higher risk dementia adults (DigiTAU Project). Results: Although HCP consider asking patients and carers about technology use to be theoretically important (90.2%) and useful in practice (94.2%), they often do not do it (45.1%). There is incongruity when they feel safe to offer interventions by digital means (58.8%) but commonly agree, on average, that HCP are not prepared to use digiTech (51.0%). Despite having positive views towards benefits in adopting digiTech for patients (98.1%), they think they bring more benefits to families and caregivers than to patients themselves (56.9%). HCP consider digiTech will change their practice in the short term within 1 year (58.8%) and within 5 years (88.3%). None of the 8 options suggested as the most "promising" technology in 10 years reaches more than 25% of the choices. Conclusions: HCP have conflicting views about the usage of technologies by their patients and caregivers but expect some positive changes in their work practice. It suggests new digiTech must be submitted to scrutiny so that its applicability overcomes the challenges. Further studies and analysis are needed to understand better this data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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267. P1‐323: PRISON WITHOUT WALLS: A CASE REPORT OF SEMANTIC VARIANT PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA.
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Canella, Marcelo, Andrade, Alan Cronemberger, Ferreira de Oliveira, Fabricio, and Ferreira Bertolucci, Paulo Henrique
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- 2019
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268. Correlation between the heating value and the chemical characteristics of Eucalyptus biomass.
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Antonio Bonfatti Júnior, Eraldo, Silva Oliveira, Rudson, Cristina Lengowski, Elaine, Sulato de Andrade, Alan, and Agostinho da Silva, Dimas
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PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *FLAME stability , *LIGNOCELLULOSE , *ENERGY consumption , *WOOD , *EUCALYPTUS - Abstract
The chemical characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass determine its suitability as an energy source, affecting its combustibility, flame stability, and overall energy efficiency. Therefore, this study assessed the correlation between the chemical characteristics and higher heating value (HHV) in Eucalyptus biomass components (wood, bark, branches, and leaves) of three species (E. benthamii, E. dunnii, and E. saligna). The results revealed varying chemical compositions among the components and species, which impacted the HHV differently. Notably, volatile materials positively influenced the HHV, whereas excessive ash content negatively affected the energy potential. Positive correlations with HHV were observed for the total extractives content in the bark, total lignin content in the leaves, volatile materials content in the bark, leaves, and stem, and fixed carbon content in the stem. Conversely, the holocellulose content reduced the bark HHV. Volatile materials, except in the branches, efficiently increased the HHV. None of the chemical characteristics had a significant impact on the branches HHV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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269. Cannabidiol as a Therapeutic Target: Evidence of its Neuroprotective and Neuromodulatory Function in Parkinson's Disease.
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Patricio, Felipe, Morales-Andrade, Alan Axel, Patricio-Martínez, Aleidy, and Limón, Ilhuicamina Daniel
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DOPAMINERGIC neurons ,PARKINSON'S disease ,CANNABIDIOL ,CANNABINOIDS ,DRUG therapy ,CANNABINOID receptors - Abstract
The phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. have, since ancient times, been proposed as a pharmacological alternative for treating various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Interestingly, cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are highly expressed in the basal ganglia (BG) circuit of both animals and humans. The BG are subcortical structures that regulate the initiation, execution, and orientation of movement. CBRs regulate dopaminergic transmission in the nigro-striatal pathway and, thus, the BG circuit also. The functioning of the BG is affected in pathologies related to movement disorders, especially those occurring in Parkinson's disease (PD), which produces motor and non-motor symptoms that involving GABAergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic neural networks. To date, the most effective medication for PD is levodopa (l-DOPA); however, long-term levodopa treatment causes a type of long-term dyskinesias, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). With neuromodulation offering a novel treatment strategy for PD patients, research has focused on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), as it participates in the physiological neuromodulation of the BG in order to control movement. CBRs have been shown to inhibit neurotransmitter release, while endocannabinoids (eCBs) play a key role in the synaptic regulation of the BG. In the past decade, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has been shown to have compensatory effects both on the ECS and as a neuromodulator and neuroprotector in models such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and reserpine, as well as other PD models. Although the CBD-induced neuroprotection observed in animal models of PD has been attributed to the activation of the CB1 receptor, recent research conducted at a molecular level has proposed that CBD is capable of activating other receptors, such as CB2 and the TRPV-1 receptor, both of which are expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the nigro-striatal pathway. These findings open new lines of scientific inquiry into the effects of CBD at the level of neural communication. Cannabidiol activates the PPARγ, GPR55, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR18 receptors, causing a variety of biochemical, molecular, and behavioral effects due to the broad range of receptors it activates in the CNS. Given the low number of pharmacological treatment alternatives for PD currently available, the search for molecules with the therapeutic potential to improve neuronal communication is crucial. Therefore, the investigation of CBD and the mechanisms involved in its function is required in order to ascertain whether receptor activation could be a treatment alternative for both PD and LID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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270. Characterization of the Transverse Distribution of Fertilizer in Coffee Plantations.
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Andrade, Alan Delon, Araújo e Silva Ferraz, Gabriel, Machado de Barros, Murilo, De Oliveira Faria, Rafael, Moreira da Silva, Fábio, Sarri, Daniele, and Vieri, Marco
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COFFEE plantations , *FERTILIZER application , *COFFEE growing , *PLANT canopies , *COFFEE , *FERTILIZER spreaders , *COFFEE beans - Abstract
Considering the impact of fertilizers on coffee production costs, the search for greater efficiency in the use of these inputs has an important role. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the transverse distribution of fertilizer by a centrifugal spreader in a coffee plantation and to compare two operating modes: fertilizer application on one side (FA1), or both sides (FA2) of the coffee plants. In addition, three doses (200, 300 and 400 kg ha−1) of monoammonium phosphate and three spreading disk rotation speeds (240, 375 and 750 rpm) were tested. To characterize fertilizer distribution profiles, collectors were placed under the canopy of coffee plants, and the collected fertilizer was weighed. From the data obtained, distribution profile histograms were constructed, and coefficients of variation were calculated for each treatment. Distribution profiles with higher uniformity were related to the morphologic characteristics of the coffee plants. Regarding the operating modes evaluated, FA1 presented better results with a disk rotation speed of 750 rpm (FA1-W3); FA2 produced the best results with a disk rotation speed of 240 rpm. By relating these results with information on root morphology, FA1-W3 was found to be the most appropriate application method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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271. P3‐302: MULTIPLE DOMAINS MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT WITH PROGRESSION TO POSTERIOR CORTICAL ATROPHY: IS IT RELATED TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE?
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Andrade, Alan Cronemberger, Farias de Oliveira Pessoa, Lucas, Melo de Andrade Lima, Gustavo, and Ferreira Bertolucci, Paulo Henrique
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- 2019
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272. #Coffea canephora# genome sequencing, a tool for comparative genomics and efficient crop improvement (W511)
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Kochko, Alexandre, Albert, Victor A., Andrade, Alan Carvalho, Xavier Argout, Bertrand, Benoît, Giuliano, Giovanni, Graziosi, Giorgio, Henry, Robert, Jayarama, Jayarama, Lashermes, Philippe, Ming, Ray, Nagai, Chifumi, Rounsley, Steve, Sankoff, David, and Wincker, Patrick
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Coffea canephora ,F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes - Abstract
Coffee is the most traded crop by Southern countries and is the main source of income for more than 75 millions small farmers all over the world. Despite its economical importance and the obvious necessity to improve the crop in order to respond to new environmental constraints and to the consumer demand for quality, the sequencing of its genome only started in late 2009. An international consortium was formed, led by Genoscope, to perform this task. Coffea canephora, a diploid cultivated species, was chosen, since C. arabica is tetraploid. Furthermore, IRD developed a double haploid plant because C. canephora is allogamous. Its genome size is about 695 Mb and whole genome sequencing is being performed using NGS complemented by BAC ends coming from two BAC libraries covering in total 14.8 genome equivalents. SSR markers mined from these sequences are being mapped to establish a consensus genetic map based on the map kindly provided by Nestlé and ICCRI. Both Roche pyrosequencing (454) and Illumina technology are used to provide a 20x coverage by 454 and 50x by Illumina. Direct and paired end sequencing are underway, two, 8kb and 20kb insert libraries have been constructed. In addition to the publicly available EST, more transcriptome sequencing is also planned using 454 to facilitate the annotation. The Coffea genome will be one of the first Asterid genome to be sequenced providing information on the proposed ancestral eudicot genome hexaploidization and for comparative genomics among angiosperms. It will also provide information to breeders for relating QTLs to genes. (Texte d'intégral)
273. Sequencing the coffee genome (W152)
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Wincker, Patrick, Albert, Victor A., Andrade, Alan A., Xavier Argout, Bertrand, Benoît, Kochko, Alexandre, Giuliano, Giovanni, Graziosi, Giorgio, Henry, Robert, Jayarama, Jayarama, Lashermes, Philippe, Ming, Ray, Nagai, Chifumi, Rounsley, Steve, and Sankoff, David
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Coffea canephora ,Génome ,Coffea arabica ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes - Abstract
Commercial coffee production relies mainly on two closely related species: Coffea arabica and C. canephora, which account respectively for 70 and 30% of the coffee production. All coffee species are diploid (2n=2x=22) and generally selfincompatible, except for C. arabica which is the only tetraploid (2n=4x=44) and self-fertile. Molecular analyses (Lashermes et al. 1999) have indicated that C. arabica is a recent allotetraploid (CE genome) formed by hybridisation between two related diploid species: C. canephora (C genome) and C. eugenioides (E genome). In spite of the close relationship between the two constitutive sub-genomes, C. arabica displays diploid-like meiotic behavior with bivalent formation (Krug and Mendes 1940, Lashermes et al. 2000). The genomes of coffee species (Cros et al. 1995; Noirot et al. 2003) appear to be of rather low size (i. e. about 660, 710 and 1300 Mb for C. eugenioides, C. canephora and C. arabica, respectively). Several institutes are combining their scientific resources and expertise to sequence, assemble, and annotate the entire genome of C. canephora. The C. canephora genome consists of 11 chromosomes, is about 710 Mb in size, and is being sequenced de novo with deep coverage using 454 paired-end and single reads, and 50x coverage with Illumina GAIIx data to obtain a reference genome for Coffea. The overall sequencing strategy as well as progress of the project will be described.
274. A High-Throughput Molecular Pipeline Reveals the Diversity in Prevalence and Abundance of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne Species in Coffee Plantations.
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Bell, Christopher A., Atkinson, Howard J., Andrade, Alan C., Nguyen, Hoa X., Swibawa, I. Gede, Lilley, Catherine J., McCarthy, James, and Urwin, P. E.
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COFFEE plantations , *PRATYLENCHUS , *ROOT-knot nematodes - Abstract
Coffee yields are adversely affected by plant-parasitic nematodes and the pathogens are largely underreported because a simple and reliable identification method is not available. We describe a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to rapidly detect and quantify the major Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne nematode species that are capable of parasitizing coffee. The procedure was applied to soil samples obtained from a number of coffee farms in Brazil, Vietnam, and Indonesia to assess the prevalence of these species associated both with coffee (Coffea arabica and C. canephora) and its intercropped species Musa acuminata (banana) and Piper nigrum (black pepper). Pratylenchus coffeae and P. brachyurus were associated with coffee in all three countries but there were distinct profdes of Meloidogyne spp. Meloidogyne incognita, M. exigua, and M. paranaensis were identified in samples from Brazil and M. incognita and M. hapla were detected around the roots of coffee in Vietnam. No Meloidogyne spp. were detected in samples from Indonesia. There was a high abundance of Meloidogyne spp. in soil samples in which Pratylenchus spp. were low or not detected, suggesting that the success of one genus may deter another. Meloidogyne spp. in Vietnam and Pratylenchus spp. in Indonesia were more numerous around intercropped plants than in association with coffee. The data suggest a widespread but differential nematode problem associated with coffee production across the regions studied. The issue is compounded by the current choice of intercrops that support large nematode populations. Wider application of the approach would elucidate the true global scale of the nematode problem and the cost to coffee production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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275. Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the phytoene desaturase gene in Coffea canephora.
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Casarin, Tatiane, Freitas, Natália Chagas, Pinto, Renan Terassi, Breitler, Jean‑Christophe, Rodrigues, Leonardo Augusto Zebral, Marraccini, Pierre, Etienne, Hervé, Diniz, Leandro Eugenio Cardamone, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, and Paiva, Luciano Vilela
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PLANT genetic transformation , *GENETIC engineering , *COFFEE , *CULTIVARS , *GENETIC variation , *CRISPRS , *REGENERATION (Botany) , *KARYOTYPES - Abstract
Coffea canephora (2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes) is a species with extensive genetic diversity and desirable agronomic traits for coffee breeding programs. However, obtaining a new coffee cultivar through conventional breeding techniques may require more than 30 years of crossing cycles and selection, which hampers the effort of keeping up with market demands and rapidly proposing more resilient to climate change varieties. Although, the application of modern biotechnology tools such as precision genetic engineering technologies may enable a faster cultivar development process. Therefore, we aimed to validate the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate mutations on a selected genotype of C. canephora, the clone 14. Embryogenic calli and a multiplex binary vector containing two sgRNAs targeting different exons of the CcPDS gene were used. The sgRNAs were under the C. canephora U6 promoter regulation. The target gene encodes phytoene desaturase, an enzyme essential for photosynthesis involved in β-carotene biosynthesis. Somatic seedlings and embryos with albino, variegated and green phenotypes regenerated after Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation were analyzed by verifying the insertion of the Cas9 gene and later by sequencing the sgRNAs target regions in the genome of Robusta modified seedlings. Among them, 77% had the expected mutations, and of which, 50% of them had at least one target with a homozygous mutation. The genotype, temperature of co-cultivation with the bacteria, and light intensity used for subsequent embryo regeneration appeared to strongly influence the successful regeneration of plants with a mutated CcPDS gene in the Coffea genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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276. FEASIBILITY OF VENEER AND PLYWOOD PRODUCTION OF Hevea brasiliensis - CLONE RRIM600.
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Zunta Raia, Renan, Iwakiri, Setsuo, Trianoski, Rosilani, and Sulato de Andrade, Alan
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PLYWOOD , *HEVEA , *PLANT clones , *ANIMAL cloning , *WOOD , *YIELD strength (Engineering) - Abstract
Hevea brasiliensis is a very prominent species in Brazil, but its wood is underused in high added value products. Based on this, the aim of this work was to evaluate the technical feasibility of veneer and plywood production of Hevea brasiliensis - Clone RRIM600 varying the weight and glue mixture solid content and the effects on its mechanical properties. Randomized trees were felled, and 2.0 mm thick veneers were obtained from these to produce phenolic plywood in the laboratory, with two different solid contents of the glue mixture: 35 and 40%, and three different glue weights: 140, 160 and 180 g/m2. The panels were pressed for 10 minutes at 140°C on 10 kg/cm2pressure. The laminate yield, basic density, and resistance of the glue line to shearing and static bending were evaluated. The lamination yield showed satisfactory results presenting 44.35%. The lower weight panels do not meet the minimum requirement of EN 314-2 and the others presented statistically similarl means. Thus, the use of 160 g/m² weight is recommended. The solid content of the glue mix influenced the mechanical properties, but the results were still higher than those obtained for Pinus taeda. The quality of the veneers and the yield of the lamination point to Hevea brasiliensis wood Clone RRIM 600 as having the potential to produce veneers, and the results of the physical-mechanical properties of the panels demonstrate the potential of the species in the plywood production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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277. A first look at the N- and O-glycosylation landscape in anuran skin secretions.
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Barbosa, Eder Alves, Alves, Gabriel Sérgio Costa, Coura, Marcelo de Melo Andrade, Silva, Higor de Lima e, Rocha, Filipe Souza da, Nunes, João Bueno, Watanabe, Matheus de Souza, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, and Brand, Guilherme Dotto
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GLYCAN structure , *SECRETION , *GLYCANS , *BIOMOLECULES , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *OLIGOSACCHARIDES , *AMPHIBIANS - Abstract
Amphibians secrete a complex array of molecules that shape their interactions with coinhabiting microorganisms and macroscopic predators. Glycans are a rapidly evolving and complex class of biomolecules implicated in intrinsic and extrinsic recognition events. Despite the numerous studies aiming at the biochemical characterization of anuran skin secretions, little is known about protein-linked oligosaccharides, their synthesis pathways, and their homing secreted glycoproteins. In the present report, LC-MS/MS was used to investigate the diversity of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides in the skin secretion of two South American frogs, Pithecopus azureus and Boana raniceps. Additionally, the enzymes responsible for glycan synthesis pathways were evaluated based on their skin tissue transcriptome. Our analyses allowed the annotation of various N- and O-glycan structures commonly found in vertebrate proteins. Paucimannosidic glycans were abundant in the skin secretion of both amphibians; however, hybrid and complex N-glycan structures were detected only in B. raniceps. A good correlation between the structures discovered in glycomic analyses and transcripts encoding enzymes necessary for their synthesis was obtained. Some transcripts such as those of MAN1A2, FUT8, and ST6GALNAC were found solely in B. raniceps. Finally, secreted N- and O- linked glycoproteins were predicted from the transcriptomic data, indicating that proteases and protease inhibitors are putative sources of the glycans described herein. Overall, our results show the presence of oligosaccharides in amphibians skin secretions and suggest that their diversity is species-specific, paving the way for novel perspectives involving amphibian evolution and ecology. [Display omitted] • Protein-linked glycans from the skin secretion of two frogs were characterized. • Differences in the N- and O-glycan compositions were observed between frog species. • Transcripts for the enzymes in glycan synthesis pathways were sequenced from skin. • Good correlation between glycan structures and their synthesis pathways was noted. • Putative glycoproteins harboring N- and O-glycans were predicted from transcriptome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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278. Adaptive potential of Coffea canephora from Uganda in response to climate change.
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de Aquino, Sinara Oliveira, Kiwuka, Catherine, Tournebize, Rémi, Gain, Clément, Marraccini, Pierre, Mariac, Cédric, Bethune, Kévin, Couderc, Marie, Cubry, Philippe, Andrade, Alan C., Lepelley, Maud, Darracq, Olivier, Crouzillat, Dominique, Anten, Niels, Musoli, Pascal, Vigouroux, Yves, de Kochko, Alexandre, Manel, Stéphanie, François, Olivier, and Poncet, Valérie
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CLIMATE change forecasts , *CLIMATE change , *COFFEE , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *MYB gene - Abstract
Understanding vulnerabilities of plant populations to climate change could help preserve their biodiversity and reveal new elite parents for future breeding programmes. To this end, landscape genomics is a useful approach for assessing putative adaptations to future climatic conditions, especially in long‐lived species such as trees. We conducted a population genomics study of 207 Coffea canephora trees from seven forests along different climate gradients in Uganda. For this, we sequenced 323 candidate genes involved in key metabolic and defence pathways in coffee. Seventy‐one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be significantly associated with bioclimatic variables, and were thereby considered as putatively adaptive loci. These SNPs were linked to key candidate genes, including transcription factors, like DREB‐like and MYB family genes controlling plant responses to abiotic stresses, as well as other genes of organoleptic interest, such as the DXMT gene involved in caffeine biosynthesis and a putative pest repellent. These climate‐associated genetic markers were used to compute genetic offsets, predicting population responses to future climatic conditions based on local climate change forecasts. Using these measures of maladaptation to future conditions, substantial levels of genetic differentiation between present and future diversity were estimated for all populations and scenarios considered. The populations from the forests Zoka and Budongo, in the northernmost zone of Uganda, appeared to have the lowest genetic offsets under all predicted climate change patterns, while populations from Kalangala and Mabira, in the Lake Victoria region, exhibited the highest genetic offsets. The potential of these findings in terms of ex situ conservation strategies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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279. Burden and Protection: Heterogeneous Effects of Occupational and Operational Stressors on Burnout Dimensions Among Firefighters.
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de Carvalho, Thalyta Gleyane Silva, Araújo, Larissa Fortunato, Lima, Eduardo de Paula, de Andrade, Alan Lúcio Alencar, Bastos, Maria Luiza Almeida, Lacerda, Eliana Mattos, and Ferreira, Marcelo José Monteiro
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PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout , *STATISTICS , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *JOB stress , *CROSS-sectional method , *OCCUPATIONAL exposure , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DATA analysis software , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *ODDS ratio - Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between occupational stressors and Burnout dimensions among Brazilian firefighters. Method: A cross-sectional study about firefighters (n = 237) was developed in Fortaleza, Northeast of Brazil. Logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between high strain (high demand and low job control), low social support, high operational exposure, and Burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment). Results: High strain was associated to emotional exhaustion (odds ratio [OR] = 11.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.92 to 34.60) and depersonalization (OR = 5.43; 95% CI: 2.03 to 14.58). Low social support was associated to emotional exhaustion (OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.24 to 6.60) and low personal accomplishment (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.36 to 4.93). High operational exposure did not increase the odds of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and decreased the odds of low personal accomplishment (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.94). Conclusion: The study highlights the heterogeneous effects that operational and organisational stressors have on each dimension of Burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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280. Photochemical efficiency correlated with candidate gene expression promote coffee drought tolerance.
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de Oliveira Santos, Meline, Coelho, Larissa Sousa, Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues, Botelho, Cesar Elias, Torres, Luana Ferreira, Vilela, Diego Júnior Martins, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, and Silva, Vânia Aparecida
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COFFEE , *PHOTOCHEMISTRY , *GENE expression , *DROUGHT tolerance , *PHOTOSYSTEMS - Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between photochemical efficiency and candidate genes expression to elucidate the drought tolerance mechanisms in coffee progenies (Icatu Vermelho IAC 3851-2 × Catimor UFV 1602-215) previously identified as tolerant in field conditions. Four progenies (2, 5, 12 and 15) were evaluated under water-deficit conditions (water deficit imposed 8 months after transplanting seedlings to the pots) and under irrigated system. Evaluations of physiological parameters and expression of candidate genes for drought tolerance were performed. Progeny 5 showed capacity to maintain water potential, which contributed to lower qP variation between irrigated and deficit conditions. However, the increases of qN and NPQ in response to stress indicate that this progeny is photochemically responsive to small variations of Ψam protecting the photosystem and maintaining qP. Data obtained for progeny 12 indicated a lower water status maintenance capacity, but with increased qN and NPQ providing maintenance of the ɸPSII and ETR parameters. A PCA analysis revealed that the genes coding regulatory proteins, ABA-synthesis, cellular protectors, isoforms of ascorbate peroxidase clearly displayed a major response to drought stress and discriminated the progenies 5 and 12 which showed a better photochemical response. The genes CaMYB1, CaERF017, CaEDR2, CaNCED, CaAPX1, CaAPX5, CaGolS3, CaDHN1 and CaPYL8a were up-regulated in the arabica coffee progenies with greater photochemical efficiency under deficit and therefore contributing to efficiency of the photosynthesis in drought tolerant progenies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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281. Genetic diversity of native and cultivated Ugandan Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner): Climate influences, breeding potential and diversity conservation.
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Kiwuka, Catherine, Goudsmit, Eva, Tournebize, Rémi, de Aquino, Sinara Oliveira, Douma, Jacob C., Bellanger, Laurence, Crouzillat, Dominique, Stoffelen, Piet, Sumirat, Ucu, Legnaté, Hyacinthe, Marraccini, Pierre, de Kochko, Alexandre, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, Mulumba, John Wasswa, Musoli, Pascal, Anten, Niels P. R., and Poncet, Valérie
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PLANT germplasm , *COFFEE , *GERMPLASM conservation , *GENETIC markers in plants , *CLIMATIC zones , *GERMPLASM , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Wild genetic resources and their ability to adapt to environmental change are critically important in light of the projected climate change, while constituting the foundation of agricultural sustainability. To address the expected negative effects of climate change on Robusta coffee trees (Coffea canephora), collecting missions were conducted to explore its current native distribution in Uganda over a broad climatic range. Wild material from seven forests could thus be collected. We used 19 microsatellite (SSR) markers to assess genetic diversity and structure of this material as well as material from two ex-situ collections and a feral population. The Ugandan C. canephora diversity was then positioned relative to the species' global diversity structure. Twenty-two climatic variables were used to explore variations in climatic zones across the sampled forests. Overall, Uganda's native C. canephora diversity differs from other known genetic groups of this species. In northwestern (NW) Uganda, four distinct genetic clusters were distinguished being from Zoka, Budongo, Itwara and Kibale forests A large southern-central (SC) cluster included Malabigambo, Mabira, and Kalangala forest accessions, as well as feral and cultivated accessions, suggesting similarity in genetic origin and strong gene flow between wild and cultivated compartments. We also confirmed the introduction of Congolese varieties into the SC region where most Robusta coffee production takes place. Identified populations occurred in divergent environmental conditions and 12 environmental variables significantly explained 16.3% of the total allelic variation across populations. The substantial genetic variation within and between Ugandan populations with different climatic envelopes might contain adaptive diversity to cope with climate change. The accessions that we collected have substantially enriched the diversity hosted in the Ugandan collections and thus contribute to ex situ conservation of this vital genetic resource. However, there is an urgent need to develop strategies to enhance complementary in-situ conservation of Coffea canephora in native forests in northwestern Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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282. NANOCELLULOSE OBTAINED MECHANICALLY BY DIFFERENT COLLOID GRINDING INTENSITIES.
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Stygar Lopes, Marina, Cristina Potulski, Daniele, Cássia Viana, Lívia, Elita Carneiro, Mayara, Bolzon de Muniz, Graciela Inês, and Sulato de Andrade, Alan
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SCANNING transmission electron microscopy , *ELECTRIC countershock , *MEASUREMENT of viscosity , *SULFATE pulping process - Abstract
Recent advances in nanocellulose technology have enabled production of materials for various applications with attractive properties. The aim of this work was to analyze the nanofibrillated cellulose of Eucalyptus sp. obtained by different grinding intensities. Delignified Eucalyptus sp. kraft pulp was used to obtain the nanofibrillated cellulose in the mechanical grinding process, with 2, 10 and 20 passes. Images were captured by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to observe cellulose structures. For each mechanical treatment, three films were produced, which were used to evaluate the crystallinity index. Viscosity measurement evaluated the influence of mechanical treatment on nanofibrillated cellulose. Microscopic analysis showed that the mechanical process promoted fiber defibrillation, resulting in the exposure of microfibrils in all treatments evaluated. Differences were not verified in the conformation and dimensions of the structures for the different numbers of passes, and the nanofibrils presented average diameter of approximately 30 nm. The mechanical process to obtain the nanofibrillated cellulose reduced of the crystallinity index and the viscosity of the nanofibrillated cellulose compared to cellulose before processing. The average particle size declined with rising number of grinder passes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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283. Nanocellulose obtained from residues of peach palm extraction (Bactris gasipaes).
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Franco, Talita Szlapak, Potulski, Daniele C., Viana, Lívia C., Forville, Eriel, de Andrade, Alan S., and de Muniz, Graciela Inês Bolzón
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CELLULOSE fibers , *PEACH , *SHEARING force , *DELIGNIFICATION , *PALMS , *LIGNINS , *THERMAL stability - Abstract
• Peach palm outer sheaths were used for production of nanofibrillated cellulose. • Different delignification methods were combined with two defibrillation intensities. • It was possible to obtain nanocellulose with high aspect ratio and crystallinity. • Lignin removal facilitated fibrillation when shear forces were applied over the fiber. • Higher fibrillation intensities increased the nanofiber hydrophilicity. The large amount of residues generated by the peach palm agroindustry and its cellulose content (34 g 100g−1) motivated the present investigation, where outer sheaths were used for nanocellulose production through ultrafine grinding. Protocols combining different chemical delignification with defibrillation intensity (10 and 20 cycles) were applied and their influence over some properties and characteristics of nanofibers evaluated. At all protocols applied it was possible produce cellulose at nanometric level (widths ˜100 nm), with high crystallinity index (49.8–54.5%) and great thermal stability. The delignification influenced the defibrillation, where lignin removal resulted in well dispersed bundles of fibrils with lower widths. Lower lignin contents combined with higher shear forces released more nanofibrils, with more adsorbed water with defibrillation extension. These behavior influenced the suspension stability, that was higher at larger number of cycles (20). The results evidenced that was possible produced FNC with appropriate technical characteristics from pupunha discards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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284. Use of remotely piloted aircraft in precision agriculture: a review.
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Mendes dos Santos, Luana, e Silva Ferraz, Gabriel Araújo, Souza Barbosa, Brenon Diennevan, and Delon Andrade, Alan
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The objective of this review was to examine the current use of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) in obtaining data to assist in the application of precision farming techniques and to exemplify successful situations of technology use. The RPA has applications for monitoring, mapping, vegetation index (VI) extraction, volume, plant height, among others, and has been studied in several agricultural crops, being support for decision making on agrochemical application, planting failure, accompaniment of growth favoring the increase of crop productivity. One of the potentialities evaluated through RPA is the use of VI, which may be extracted from digital images obtained by cameras that contain only the visible band. It may be an alternative for farmers who do not have access to RPA coupled with high-tech embedded sensors. Therefore, it is a tool that may contribute to the decision making, allowing the acquisition of high spatial and temporal resolution images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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285. Differential fine-tuning of gene expression regulation in coffee leaves by CcDREBID promoter haplotypes under water deficit.
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Costa Alves, Gabriel Sergio, Ferreira Torres, Luana, Déchamp, Eveline, Breitler, Jean-Christophe, Joët, Thierry, Gatineau, Frédéric, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, Bertrand, Benoît, Marraccini, Pierre, and Etienne, Hervé
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COFFEE , *EFFECT of drought on plants , *GENE expression , *HAPLOTYPES , *GENETIC transformation - Abstract
Despite the importance of the DREB1D gene (also known as CBF4) in plant responses to water deficit and cold stress, studies analysing its regulation by transgenic approaches are lacking. In the current work, a functional study of three CcDREBID promoter haplotypes (named HP15, HP16 and HP17) isolated from drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive clones of Coffea canephora was carried out in plants of C. arabica stably transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens by analysing their ability to regulate the expression of the uidA reporter gene in response to water deficit mimicked by polyethylene glycol (-2.0 MPa) and low relative humidity treatments. A deletion analysis of their corresponding 5'-upstream regions revealed increased specificity of β-glucuronidase activity in the polyethylene glycol and low relative humidity treatments, with high expression in leaf mesophyll and guard cells in full-length constructs. RT-qPCR assays also revealed that the HP16 haplotype (specific to clone tolerant to water deficit) had stronger and earlier activity compared with the HP15 and HP17 haplotypes. As most of the cis-regulatory elements involved in ABA-dependent and -independent networks, tissue specificity and light regulation are common to these haplotypes, we propose that their organization, as well as the nucleic acid polymorphisms present outside these boxes, may play a role in modulating activities of DREB1D promoters in guard cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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286. Compósitos borracha-madeira para produção de piso antiestático
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Raia, Renan Zunta, 1991, Trianoski, Rosilani, 1980, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, 1979, Kowalski, Edemir Luiz, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, and Iwakiri, Setsuo, 1957
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Pisos ,Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal ,Lignina ,Lignocelulose ,Celulose ,Materiais compostos ,Fibras ,Borracha ,Compostos fibrosos - Abstract
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Setsuo Iwakiri Coorientadores: Profa. Dra. Rosilani Trianoski, Prof. Dr. Alan S. de Andrade, Prof. Dr. Edemir Luiz Kowalski Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa : Curitiba, 24/06/2022 Inclui referências Área de concentração: Tecnologia e Utilização de Produtos Florestais Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um compósito de matriz borracha natural com a incorporação de fibras de madeira e substituição do negro de fumo por elas em diferentes proporções. Visando melhorar a compatibilidade com a matriz, as fibras foram tratadas com hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) em diferentes concentrações (5, 10, 15, 20, 30%) e tempos de exposição (2 e 24 horas). Para verificação da melhor combinação concentração/tempo de exposição foram avaliadas composição química, cristalinidade da celulose, estabilidade térmica e modificação da superfície das fibras tratadas. Os resultados demonstraram que houve remoção da lignina e das hemiceluloses em todas as combinações. Ocorreu modificação de celulose I para II em altas concentrações e as maiores cristalinidades foram encontradas nas concentrações de 5 e 10%. A temperatura ONSET no tratamento 2 h e 5% apresentou melhores características de estabilidade térmica. As imagens de MEV demonstraram que ocorreu lixiviação das impurezas presentes na superfície das fibras, diminuindo o aspecto ceroso da fibra apresentado no tratamento controle. O tratamento 2h e 5% foi o que apresentou melhor condição de modificação macromolecular das fibras, alterando sua superfície e potencializando o seu uso como reforço em compósito. Os compósitos foram produzidos usando as fibras tratadas com 2h e 5%, baseando-se em duas etapas, a primeira com incorporação das fibras de madeira e a segunda de substituição do negro de fumo por elas. Os compósitos foram caracterizados morfológica, físico-mecânica e eletricamente a fim de encontrar a melhor formulação para utilização em pisos antiestáticos. O tempo ótimo de vulcanização (t90) diminuiu em todas as formulações em relação ao controle e apresentaram baixa absorção de água. A densidade básica do compósito não foi alterada, já a densidade de ligações cruzadas diminuiu na etapa de substituição, devido à dificuldade de ligação entre as fibras e a matriz. A utilização de fibras de madeira e negro de fumo como reforço aumentou a dureza Shore A, em todas as formulações, e os compósitos foram classificados como borracha dura ou extremamente dura, resultados ideais para indústria de pisos. Com isso, houve uma redução do alongamento e ruptura na tração. A coloração do compósito não apresentou mudança perceptível. Todas as formulações apresentaram alto ângulo de contato, sendo classificados como hidrofóbicos. Os compósitos foram classificados como N4 e N5, ou seja, sem necessidade de acabamento para o uso como piso. Não houve modificação química da borracha. A resistividade superficial classificou a formulação FM24/NF36 como sendo a única formulação ideal para pisos antiestáticos e as demais foram classificadas como isolantes ou condutoras. Baseado nisto pode-se afirmar que as fibras de madeira, utilizadas na proporção FM24/NF36, podem ser utilizadas como reforço inerte em borracha natural contribuindo na redução de custos e na utilização para pisos antiestáticos. Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop a composite of natural rubber matrix with the incorporation of wood fibers and replacement of carbon black by them in different proportions. In order to improve compatibility with the matrix, the fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 30%) and exposure times (2 and 24 hours). To verify the best combination concentration/exposure time, chemical composition, cellulose crystallinity, thermal stability and surface modification of the treated fibers were evaluated. The results showed that lignin and hemicelluloses were removed in all combinations. There was a modification of cellulose I to II at high concentrations and the highest crystallinities were found at concentrations of 5 and 10%. The ONSET temperature in the 2 h and 5% treatment showed better thermal stability characteristics. The SEM images showed that there was leaching of impurities present on the surface of the fibers, reducing the waxy aspect of the fiber presented in the control treatment. The 2h and 5% treatment showed the best condition of macromolecular modification of the fibers, altering their surface and enhancing their use as a composite reinforcement. The composites were produced using the fibers treated with 2h and 5%, based on two steps, the first with the incorporation of wood fibers and the second with the replacement of carbon black by them. The composites were morphological, physico-mechanical and electrically characterized in order to find the best formulation for use in antistatic floors. The optimal vulcanization time (t90) decreased in all formulations in relation to the control and showed low water absorption. The basic density of the composite was not altered, whereas the crosslink density decreased in the replacement step, due to the difficulty of bonding between the fibers and the matrix. The use of wood fibers and carbon black as reinforcement increased the Shore A hardness in all formulations, and the composites were classified as hard or extremely hard rubber, ideal results for the flooring industry. As a result, there was a reduction in elongation and rupture in traction. The color of the composite showed no perceptible change. All formulations showed a high contact angle, being classified as hydrophobic. The composites were classified as N4 and N5, that is, without the need for finishing for use as a floor. There was no chemical modification of the rubber. The surface resistivity classified the FM24/NF36 formulation as being the only ideal formulation for antistatic floors and the others were classified as insulating or conducting. Based on this, it can be said that wood fibers, used in the proportion FM24/NF36, can be used as inert reinforcement in natural rubber, contributing to cost reduction and use for antistatic floors.
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- 2022
287. Produção e caracterização de filmes de celulose nanofibrilada e microcristalina
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Fuenmayor, Carmen, 1982, Klock, Umberto, 1957, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, 1979, Lengowski, Elaine Cristina, 1988, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, and Silva, Dimas Agostinho da, 1954
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Materiais nanoestruturados ,Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal ,Nanocristais ,Teses ,Celulose ,Polimeros - Abstract
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Dimas Agostinho da Silva Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Umberto Klock, Prof. Dr. Alan Sulato de Andrade, Profa. Dra. Elaine Cristina Lengowski Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa : Curitiba, 06/05/2022 Inclui referências Área de concentração: Tecnologia e Utilização de Produtos Florestais Resumo: O uso de materiais nanoestruturados para diversos usos vem apresentando grande destaque e, no âmbito de compostos renováveis, as nanoceluloses, tem se posicionado como promissores alternativos para produção de diferentes materiais industrializados. Este polímero natural tem recebido grande atenção nos últimos anos devido às destacadas propriedades oferecidas pela sua estrutura cristalina de natureza orgânica produzida através de fontes renováveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar filmes produzidos com suspensões de celulose nanofibrilada (CNF) com adição de celulose microcristalina (CMC) em diferentes concentrações (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 % e 30 % m:m). Os filmes produzidos passaram por caracterização para determinação das propriedades morfológicas, físicas, químicas, térmicas e mecânicas. Os resultados indicam o aumento no índice de cristalinidade de acordo com o aumento da incorporação da CMC, passando de um valor em S0 de 76,91 % a S30 de 82,98 %, equivalente a um ganho porcentual de 7 %. A análise estatística mostrou uma alta correlação positiva entre o aumento do índice de cristalinidade com o aumento do potencial Zeta, a estabilidade térmica, o ângulo de contato, a rugosidade, a microdureza e o modulo de elasticidade. Houve também uma correlação negativa com a taxa de desgaste e o arrebentamento. Através da análise morfológica (MET) se expôs aumento nos diâmetros das estruturas nas suspensões quando as proporções de CMC foram aumentadas. A análise MEV exibiu filmes de estrutura compacta com formação de pontos aglomerados. A espessura dos filmes foi incrementada com a adição de CMC, contrário às densidades que diminuíram em filmes com presença de microcristais. A análise de potencial Zeta nas suspensões evidenciou que as amostras S20, S25 e S30 podem ser consideradas moderadamente estáveis. A estabilidade térmica dos filmes incrementou de acordo as quantidades de CMC adicionadas na matriz CNF. Os filmes nanoestruturados apresentaram destacado comportamento tribológico contra o desgaste em condições secas quando comparados a filmes de origem sintético. A rugosidade superficial média foi influenciada diretamente pelas concentrações de CMC nos filmes, atingindo valores de até três vezes maiores em concentrações de 30% de CMC em comparação com a amostra testemunha. A taxa de desgaste específico dos filmes foi inversamente proporcional às concentrações de CMC, observando-se que para baixas concentrações de CMC (5%), a redução do desgaste foi de 7% em relação à amostra testemunha e ao passar para a maior concentração a redução do desgaste foi ainda mais significativa (até 95% menor o desgaste). Evidenciaram-se valores relacionados com materiais isolantes no estudo da condutividade elétrica. A concentração da carga cristalina influenciou a produção de filmes com valores elevados nas propriedades de modulo de elasticidade e microdureza, evidenciando a importância de entender a fragilidade dos filmes. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que os filmes podem ser utilizados como revestimentos de reforço sobre diferentes materiais. Abstract: The use of nanostructured materials for various uses has been highlighted, and in the context of renewable compounds, nanocelluloses have been positioned as promising alternatives for producing different industrialized materials. This natural polymer has received significant attention in recent years due to the outstanding properties offered by its crystalline structure of organic nature produced through renewable sources. This work aimed to characterize films produced with suspensions of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with the addition of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at different concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, and 30 % m:m). The films produced underwent characterization to determine the morphological, physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. According to the increase in MCC incorporation, results indicate an increase in crystallinity index from (S0) 76.91% to (S30) 82.98%, equivalent to a percentage gain of 7%. Statistical analysis showed a high positive correlation between the increase in the crystallinity index with the increase in zeta potential, thermal stability, contact angle, roughness, microhardness, and modulus of elasticity. There was also a negative correlation between wear rate and burst. Through the morphological analysis (TEM), an increase in diameters of the structures in suspensions was exposed when proportions of MCC were increased. The SEM analysis showed films of compact structure with the formation of clustered points. The films' thickness was increased with the addition of MCC, contrary to the densities that decreased in films with the presence of microcrystals. The zeta potential analysis in the suspensions showed that samples S20, S25, and S30 could be considered moderately stable. The thermal stability of the films increased according to the amounts of MCC added to the NFC matrix. The nanostructured films showed outstanding tribological behavior against wear in dry conditions compared to films of synthetic origin. The average surface roughness was directly influenced by MCC concentrations in the films, reaching values up to three times higher at concentrations of 30% of MCC compared to the control sample. The specific wear rate of the films was inversely proportional to the concentrations of MCC, noting that for low concentrations of MCC (5%), the wear reduction was 7% about the control sample, and when moving to the highest concentration, the Wear reduction was even more significant (up to 95% less wear). Values related to insulating materials were evidenced in the study of electrical conductivity. The concentration of the crystalline charge influenced the production of films with high values in the properties of modulus of elasticity and microhardness, evidencing the importance of understanding the fragility of the films. The results showed that the films could be used as reinforcement coatings on different materials.
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- 2022
288. Induced over-expression of AtDREB2A CA improves drought tolerance in sugarcane.
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Reis, Rafaela Ribeiro, Andrade Dias Brito da Cunha, Bárbara, Martins, Polyana Kelly, Martins, Maria Thereza Bazzo, Alekcevetch, Jean Carlos, Chalfun-Júnior, Antônio, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, Ribeiro, Ana Paula, Qin, Feng, Mizoi, Junya, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuko, Nakashima, Kazuo, Carvalho, Josirley de Fátima Corrêa, de Sousa, Carlos Antônio Ferreira, Nepomuceno, Alexandre Lima, Kobayashi, Adilson Kenji, and Molinari, Hugo Bruno Correa
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EFFECT of drought on plants , *DROUGHT tolerance , *SUGARCANE , *TRANSGENIC plants , *GERMINATION , *PLANT cells & tissues - Abstract
Highlights: [•] We developed transgenic sugarcane plants with increased tolerance to drought stress. [•] GM plants presented higher sucrose levels and improved bud sprouting. [•] Genes involved in cell protection were up-regulated in transgenic sugarcane plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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289. Qualidade da lignina Kraft em função do agente protonador
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Bonfatti Junior, Eraldo Antonio, 1987, Bolzón de Muñiz, Graciela Inés, Klock, Umberto, 1957, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, 1979, Venson, Ivan, 1976, and Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal
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Recursos Florestais e Engenharia FLorestal ,Polímeros vegetais ,Lignina ,Polpação alcalina por sulfato ,Teses ,Biopolímeros ,Madeira - Quimica - Abstract
Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Graciela Inês Bolzón de Muniz Coorientadores: Prof. Dr. Umberto Klock, Prof. Dr. Alan Sulato de Andrade, Prof. Dr. Ivan Venson Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais. Defesa: Curitiba, 19/10/2020 Inclui referências: p.96-115 Área de concentração: Tecnologia e Utilização de Produtos Florestais Resumo: A lignina, um polímero formado por estruturas de fenil propano, e constitui um componente fundamental da biomassa lignocelulósica, sendo o segundo composto de maior abundância na natureza e o principal coproduto do setor celulósico. A ideia de utilizar a lignina como insumo para produtos de maior valor agregado vem ganhando projeção pois se trata de um material natural, biodegradável, renovável e adequado para substituir compostos fósseis na produção de bens de consumo. O isolamento da lignina do licor negro pode ser realizado por ultrafiltração e precipitação ácida, sendo essa última a metodologia mais usada atualmente. Na precipitação ácida o ácido sulfúrico é a principal fonte de prótons, por esse reagente já ser usado na indústria de celulose e papel e pela falta de conhecimento do efeito de outros ácidos na obtenção e nas características da lignina. Apesar dessa importância, e da existência de técnicas de obtenção, o aproveitamento da lignina ainda é limitado, fazendo com que sua principal utilização seja a queima direta para produção de energia. Considerando essa oportunidade, este trabalho avaliou a qualidade das ligninas kraft de Eucalyptus spp. e Pinus spp. isoladas por precipitação ácida. A produção do licor negro se deu por meio de processo kraft convencional de batelada em condições estabelecidas para se obter polpas celulósicas com taxa de deslignificação próximas às das indústrias. A precipitação ácida foi conduzida considerando três temperaturas (30, 50 e 70ºC), quatro faixas de pH (2, 4, 6 e 8) e dois agentes protonadores (ácido sulfúrico e ácido clorídrico), culminando em quatro conjuntos de 12 tratamentos em delineamento fatorial, totalizando em 48 tratamentos distintos. Para qualquer ácido e para qualquer tipo de licor negro o maior rendimento de precipitação foi encontrado a 30ºC e pH 4; entre os agentes protonadores o ácido sulfúrico foi o que promoveu o maior rendimento. Nessas ligninas de maior rendimento avaliou-se o teor de hidroxilas (totais, fenólicas e alifáticas), morfologia por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), constituição química elementar por Espectroscopia de Dispersão de Energia (EDS), qualidade energética através do Poder Calorífico Superior (PCS) e teor de cinzas, características térmicas por Análise Termogravimétrica e sua derivada (TGA/DTG) e Análise de Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC); as diferenças espectrais foram avaliadas por meio da Colorimetria no sistema CIELab, Espectroscopia no Visível (VIS), Espectroscopia no Infravermelho Próximo (NIRS) e Espectroscopia no Infravermelho Médio com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). O agente protonador influenciou no teor de hidroxilas alifáticas da lignina kraft de Pinus spp., sendo maior na presença de ácido sulfúrico. A utilização do ácido sulfúrico reduziu a presença de enxofre, diminui o teor de cinzas, garantiu maior temperatura máxima de trabalho e de transição vítrea e maior teor de material carbonáceo. O ácido clorídrico, por sua vez foi responsável pela maior presença de carbono. Foram encontradas influência do agente protonador nas análises espectrais, destacando as diferenças nas cores das ligninas e a separação dos espectros VIS e NIR pela análise de componentes principais (PCA). A análise FTIR mostrou diferenças claras entre as estruturas moleculares em relação à fonte de madeira, em função do agente protonador foi observado a presença de água livre em ligninas precipitadas com ácido clorídrico. Além do maior rendimento, o ácido sulfúrico promove menor sujidade de enxofre, menor teor de cinzas e maior temperatura de trabalho, sendo o mais indicado para obtenção de lignina kraft. Abstract: The lignin, a polymer formed by structures of phenyl propane, and constitutes a fundamental component of lignocellulosic biomass, being the second compound of greater abundance in nature and the main co-product of the cellulosic sector. The idea of using lignin as an input for products with greater added value is gaining projection because it is a natural material, biodegradable, renewable and suitable to replace fossil compounds in the production of consumer goods. The isolation of lignin from black liquor can be performed by ultrafiltration and acid precipitation, the latter being the methodology most used today. In acid precipitation sulfuric acid is the main source of protons, because this reagent is already used in the pulp and paper industry and because of the lack of knowledge of the effect of other acids in the obtaining and characteristics of lignin. Despite this importance, and the existence of obtaining techniques, the use of lignin is still limited, making its main use the direct burning for energy production. Considering this opportunity, this work evaluated the quality of the kraft lignins of Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus spp. isolated by acid precipitation. The production of the black liquor was carried out by means of a conventional batch kraft process under established conditions to obtain cellulose pulps with a delignification rate close to those of the industries. The acid precipitation was conducted considering three temperatures (30, 50 and 70ºC), four pH ranges (2, 4, 6 and 8) and two protonating agents (sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid), culminating in four sets of 12 treatments in factor design, totaling 48 different treatments. For any acid and for any type of black liquor the highest precipitation yield was found at 30ºC and pH 4; among the protonating agents sulfuric acid was the one that promoted the highest yield. In these lignins of higher yield the hydroxyl content (total, phenolic and aliphatic), morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), elementary chemical constitution by Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), energy quality through Superior Calorific Power (PCS) and ash content, thermal characteristics by Thermogravimetric Analysis and its derivative (TGA/DTG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis (DSC) were evaluated; spectral differences were evaluated by Colorimetry in CIELab system, Visible Spectroscopy (VIS), Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Fourier Transform Medium Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The protonator agent influenced the aliphatic hydroxyl content of Pinus spp. lignin kraft, being higher in the presence of sulfuric acid. The use of sulfuric acid reduced the presence of sulfur, decreased the ash content, ensured a higher maximum working and glass transition temperature and a higher content of carbonaceous material. Hydrochloric acid, in turn, was responsible for the greater presence of carbon. The influence of the protonator agent on spectral analysis was found, highlighting the differences in the colors of the lignins and the separation of the VIS and NIR spectra by the analysis of main components (PCA). The FTIR analysis showed clear differences between the molecular structures in relation to the wood source, depending on the protonator agent the presence of free water was observed in lignins precipitated with hydrochloric acid. Besides the higher yield, sulphuric acid promotes less sulphur dirt, lower ash content and higher working temperature, being the most indicated to obtain kraft lignin.
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- 2020
290. Obtenção e caracterização de ligninas e nanopartículas de lignina klason e kraft
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Lopes, Marina Stygar, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, 1979, Potulski, Daniele Cristina, 1987, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, and Carneiro, Mayara Elita, 1984
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Nanopartículas ,Lignina ,Polpação alcalina por sulfato ,Madeira - Quimica ,Resíduos vegetais - Abstract
Orientadora : Prof.ª Dr.ª Mayara Elita Braz Carneiro Coorientadores : Prof. Dr. Alan Sulato de Andrade, Prof.ª Dr.ª Daniele Cristina Potulski Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa : Curitiba, 20/02/2018 Inclui referências : p. 71-82 Área de concentração : Tecnologia e Utilização de Produtos Florestais Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo à obtenção e caracterização de lignina e nanopartículas de lignina Klason e Kraft, ao utilizar serragem e licor negro, resíduos que são gerados, respectivamente, pela indústria de serrarias e de celulose. A matéria prima deste estudo trata-se de cavacos de Eucalyptus grandis, fornecidos pela Embrapa Florestas. Primeiramente, foi obtida a lignina de cada resíduo. No caso da serragem, o processo iniciou ao transformar parte dos cavacos em serragem e assim realizar os procedimentos de obtenção da lignina Klason segundo a norma Tappi 222 om-02 (2002). Outra parte dos cavacos passou por um cozimento para que fosse possível coletar o licor negro. Com o licor coletado foram realizados os procedimentos necessários para obtenção da lignina Kraft, segundo metodologia proposta por Silva (2014). Posteriormente, obtiveram-se as nanopartículas de ligninas Klason e Kraft ao utilizar o moinho Microprocessador Super Masscolloider Masuko Sangyo. Foram obtidas três tipos de nanopartículas de ligninas determinadas pelo número de passes pelo moinho, sendo eles 2, 8 e 13. A caracterização das ligninas e de suas nanopartículas, consistiu na realização das análises de espectroscopia de infravermelho médio, análise termogravimétrica, calorimetria exploratória diferencial, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com análise química elementar, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e granulometria. Com os resultados da caracterização foi possível analisar as principais propriedades das ligninas e nanopartículas de ligninas obtidas. Análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão demonstraram estruturas irregulares com variados formatos e estruturas esféricas, sendo que estas estruturas esféricas são mais evidentes na lignina e nanopartículas de lignina Kraft. Além disso, as análises microscópicas demonstraram que quanto maior o número de passes, mais reduzidas ficaram as estruturas, comprovando eficiência técnica no uso do moinho em produzir material nanométrico. A análise química elementar mostrou que o processo de lavagem das ligninas foi satisfatório, devido a pequena porcentagem de enxofre encontrado nas amostras, e que não ocorreu nenhum tipo de contaminação durante o tratamento mecânico, ao utilizar o moinho, na produção das nanopartículas de lignina. Em relação à análise de granulometria, houve a obtenção de nanopartículas de lignina Klason e Kraft, porém os melhores resultados foram obtidos a partir da lignina Kraft, a qual gerou maior quantidade de nanopartículas. A análise de espectroscopia no infravermelho médio exibiu características químicas de lignina. As análises térmicas demonstraram que ligninas e nanopartículas de ligninas possuem três faixas de degradação, atribuídas à secagem das amostras e à degradação de hemiceluloses e lignina. Portanto, através das metodologias utilizadas, foram obtidas ligninas e nanopartículas de lignina Klason e Kraft. Suas caracterizações correspondem às características de lignina, sendo que os resultados obtidos são semelhantes à diversas literaturas. Palavras-chave: Lignina. Resíduos. Indústria. Nanotecnologia. Abstract: The present work had the objective to obtain and characterize lignin and nanoparticles of lignin Klason and Kraft, when using sawdust and black liquor, residues that are generated, respectively, by the sawmill and cellulose industry. The raw material of this study is Eucalyptus grandis chips, provided by Embrapa Florestas. First, the lignin was obtained from each residue. In the case of sawdust, the process started by transforming part of the chips into sawdust and thus performing lignin Klason procedures according to Tappi 222 om-02 (2002). Another part of the chips went through a cooking in order to collect the black liquor. With the liquor collected, the necessary procedures to obtain the lignin Kraft were carried out, according to the methodology proposed by Silva (2014). Subsequently, the Klason and Kraft lignins nanoparticles were obtained by using the Super Masscolloider Masuko Sangyo Microprocessor mill. Three nanoparticles lignins were obtained determined by the number of passes through the mill, witch are 2, 8 and 13. The characterization of lignins and their nanoparticles consisted of the analysis of medium infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, electron microscopy of scanning with elemental chemical analysis, transmission electron microscopy and grain size. With the results of the characterization it was possible to analyze the main properties of lignins and lignin nanoparticles. Electron microscopy of scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyzes have demonstrated irregular structures with varied shapes and spherical structures, and these spherical structures are more evident in lignin and Kraft lignin nanoparticles. In addition, microscopic analysis showed that the larger the number of passes, the smaller the structures were, proving the technical efficiency in the use of the mill to produce nanometric material. The elemental chemical analysis showed that the lignin washing process was satisfactory due to the small percentage of sulfur found in the samples and that no contamination occurred during the mechanical treatment of the lignin nanoparticles when using the mill. In relation to the granulometry analysis, the Klason and Kraft lignin nanoparticles were obtained, but the best results were obtained from Kraft lignin, which generated a larger amount of nanoparticles. The analysis of medium infrared spectroscopy exhibited chemical characteristics of lignin. Thermal analysis showed that lignins and lignin nanoparticles have three degradation bands, attributed to the drying of samples and the degradation of hemicelluloses and lignin. Therefore, through the methodologies used, lignins and nanoparticles of Klason and Kraft lignin were obtained. Their characterizations correspond to the characteristics of lignin, and the results obtained are similar to several literatures. Keywords: Lignin. Waste. Industry. Nanotechnology.
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- 2018
291. Laminação e produção de painéis compensados de Hevea brasiliensis - Clone RRIM600
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Raia, Renan Zunta, Trianoski, Rosilani, 1980, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, 1979, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, and Iwakiri, Setsuo, 1957
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Compensados de madeira ,Seringueira ,Paineis de madeira ,Lâminas de madeira ,Madeira - Quimica - Abstract
Orientador : Prof. Dr. Setsuo Iwakiri Coorientadores: Profa. Dra. Rosilani Trianoski, Prof. Dr. Alan Sulato de Andrade Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa : Curitiba, 06/11/2017 Inclui referências Área de concentração : Tecnologia e Utilização de Produtos Florestais Resumo: A Hevea brasiliensis é uma espécie de grande destaque no Brasil por ser matéria-prima básica da borracha natural, no entanto, são escassos os estudos correlacionando esta espécie à produção de painéis de madeira. Baseado nisto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade técnica da laminação e a produção de painéis compensados de madeira de Hevea brasiliensis, bem como a influência da extração do látex na qualidade dos produtos. A coleta do material foi realizada em um plantio com 27 anos, localizado na cidade de Paranapoema, região Noroeste do Paraná. A metodologia empregada iniciou com a amostragem de 4 árvores, das quais foram retirados 2 toretes e 4 discos por árvore. Após coletados, os toretes foram laminados para determinação do rendimento e perdas da laminação; posteriormente, foram avaliadas a densidade básica e a composição química da madeira a partir dos discos. Os painéis foram produzidos com 5 lâminas, utilizando resina fenólica, inicialmente diferenciados pelas regiões de laminação (com e sem extração de látex) e, em seguida, com variação da gramatura de 140, 160 e 180 g/m² e teores de sólidos da batida de cola de 35 e 40%. A avalição dos painéis foi baseada nas Normas Europeias EN, visando ao mercado europeu, que é o principal destino das exportações de compensados. As propriedades físico-mecânicas avaliadas foram a densidade aparente, flexão estática e cisalhamento da linha de cola. O rendimento da laminação e a qualidade de lâminas apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, demonstrando viabilidade na utilização de Hevea brasiliensis para produção de lâminas. A madeira foi classificada como de média densidade, e a composição química não apresentou resultados inibidores à produção de painéis compensados, devido à baixa concentração de extrativos e de teor de cinzas. O painel de extração de látex não influenciou na qualidade dos painéis, tendo os resultados médios de flexão estática e cisalhamento da linha de cola atendido aos requisitos mínimos da norma. A gramatura não exerceu influência sobre as propriedades mecânicas dos painéis, contudo, influenciou a densidade aparente desses. Os painéis produzidos com gramatura de 140g/m² não atenderam aos requisitos mínimos da norma, entretanto, os painéis com gramatura de 160 e 180g/m² foram aprovados pela norma, sendo assim, recomendado o uso da gramatura de 160 g/m², em função do menor custo-benefício. O teor de sólidos da batida de cola influenciou as propriedades mecânicas dos painéis, porém, como os dois teores avaliados atenderam aos requisitos mínimos da norma, é recomendado, do ponto de vista econômico, a formulação com teor de sólidos de 35%. Por meio deste estudo, pôde-se comprovar a potencialidade do uso da espécie Hevea brasiliensis na produção de lâminas e painéis compensados. Abstract: Hevea brasiliensis is a very prominent species in Brazil, as it is the basic raw material of natural rubber, however, there are few studies correlating this species to the wood panels production. Based on this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the technical feasibility of laminating and plywood production of Hevea brasiliensis, as well as the influence of latex extraction on products quality. The material was collected in a 27-year-old plantation, located in the Paranapoema's city, Northwest region of Paraná. The methodology used started with the sampling of 4 trees, from which 2 logs and 4 disks were removed per tree. After being collected, the logs were laminated to determine the lamination yield and losses, after which the basic density and chemical composition of the wood were evaluated from the discs. The panels were produced with 5 slides using phenolic resin, initially differentiated by the lamination regions (with and without latex extraction) and then with a weight variation of 140, 160 and 180 g/m² and solids contents of the glue beat of 35 and 40%. The evaluation of the panels was based on European EN standards, targeting the European market, which is the main destination of plywood exports. The physicalmechanical properties evaluated were the apparent density, static bending and resistance of the glue line to shearing. The lamination yield and slab quality showed satisfactory results, demonstrating the feasibility of using Hevea brasiliensis to slides production. The wood was classified as medium density, and the chemical composition did not present inhibitory results to the production of compensated panels due to the low extractive concentration and ash content. The latex extraction panel did not influence the quality of the panels, with the average static bending and resistance of the glue line to shearing results meeting the minimum requirements of the standard. The weight had no influence on the mechanical properties of the panels, however it influenced the apparent density of the panels. Panels produced with a weight of 140 g/m² did not meet the minimum requirements of the standard, however, panels weighing 160 and 180 g/m² were approved by the standard, so it is recommended to use a weight of 160 g/m², due the to the lower cost-benefit. The solid content of the glue beat influenced the mechanical properties of the panels, however, since the two evaluated contents met the minimum requirements of the standard, the formulation with a solids content of 35% is economically recommended. Through this study it was possible to prove the potential of the use of the Hevea brasiliensis species in the veneers and plywood production.
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- 2017
292. Influência da nanocelulose nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas de papel primário e reciclado de Pinus e Eucalyptus
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Potulski, Daniele Cristina, Klock, Umberto, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, and Bolzón de Muñiz, Graciela Inés
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Papel - Confecção ,Celulose - Quimica ,Residuos de papel - Reaproveitamento - Abstract
Orientador : Drª. Graciela Ines Bolzon de Muniz Coorientador : Dr. Umberto Klock Coorientador : Dr. Alan Sulato de Andrade Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 16/03/2016 Inclui referências: f; 89-97 Área de concentração : Tecnologia e utilização de produtos florestais Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da adição de celulose nanofibrilada (CNF) nas propriedades do papel. Foram utilizadas polpas kraft de fibras primárias de Eucalyptus sp. e Pinus sp. e fibras recicladas de Eucalyptus sp. e Pinus sp. Avaliou-se três números de passes (0, 2, 10 e 20 passes) pelo moinho desfibrilador Super Masscolloider Masuko Sangyo e a adição de três cargas (0, 3, 6 e 9%) de celulose nanofibrilada deslignificada de Eucalyptus sp. no papel de fibras primárias de Eucalyptus sp. e Pinus sp. e fibras recicladas de Eucalyptus sp. e Pinus sp., totalizando 40 tratamentos. Para visualizar a estrutura e as dimensões das fibras e nanofibrilas de celulose foram usadas as técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, transmissão e força atômica. O índice de cristalinidade foi determinado por meio a difração de Raios-X. Foi avaliada a influência do número de passes pelo moinho e as porcentagens de adições de nanofibras de celulose sobre as propriedades físicas e mecânicas do papel. Os resultados mostraram que foi possível obter celulose nanofibrilada em escala nanométrica. O aumento do número de passes da polpa pelo moinho desfibrilador resultou na diminuição no grau de cristalinidade da celulose nanofibrilada. A variação do número de passes pelo moinho, assim como, a porcentagem de adição influenciaram significativamente nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas do papel. A adição de celulose nanofibrilada no papel proporcionou a redução na espessura, aumento da densidade aparente e decréscimo na absorção de água, devido à estrutura mais compacta e de menor porosidade proporcionada pela maior superfície de contato das nanofibrilas. Os índices de resistência à tração, ao arrebentamento e ao rasgo aumentaram significativamente com a adição de nanocelulose ao papel, devido às interações intra e intermoleculares. A adição de 9% de celulose nanofibrilada obtida a partir de 2 passes pelo moinho apresentou os maiores ganhos em porcentagens para as propriedades de resistência mecânica, variando entre 47,31 e 111,35 para o índice de tração, 61,63 e 114,53% para o índice de arrebentamento e 25,07 a 70,13% para o índice de rasgo. A adição de celulose nanofibrilada ao papel influência positivamente nas propriedades e pode ser considerada um potencial aditivo para papel. Palavras-chave: CNF, papel reciclado, resistência do papel. Abstract: The main objective of this research was to study the influence of nanofibrillated cellulose on the mechanical and physical properties of paper. Both primary and secondary fiber of Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. were used. Nanofibrillated cellulose delignified of Eucalyptus sp. has been obtained in three different passes (2, 10 and 20 passes) through the grinder Super Masscolloider Masuko Sangyo and have been added 3, 6 and 9% in paper of both primary and secondary fiber of Eucalyptus sp. e Pinus sp.. Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force were used to visualize the structures and dimensions of the cellulose nanofibers. The cellulosic crystallinity index on the films were obtained using X-Ray diffraction. Was measured the influence of passes number by grinder and the cellulose nanofiber addition from physical and mechanical paper properties. The results showed that was possible to obtain nanofibrillated cellulose in nanometric scale. The crystallinity index of nanofibrillated cellulose has been reduced with the increase of passe in grinder. Papers with nanofibrillated cellulose presented resistance properties with values statistically superior to the treatments without addition. Owing to the more compact structure and lower porosity provided by the large specific surface area and high aspect ratio to the nanofibrils. Mechanical properties increases with cellulose nanofibrillated addition in paper, due to inter and intramolecular bonds. Addition of 9 % of cellulose nanofirils by 2 passes provided the best results, with improvement of tensile, burst and tear resistance, between 47.31 and 111.35%, 61.63 and 114.53% and 25.07 and 70.13%, respectively. Cellulose nanofibrillated can be used as additive paper because have significant positive influence on the strength properties. Keywords: NFC, secondary paper, paper strength.
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- 2016
293. Formação e caracterização de filmes com nanocelulose
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Lengowski, Elaine Cristina, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, Simon, Leonardo, Nisgoski, Silvana, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, and Bolzón de Muñiz, Graciela Inés
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Materiais nanoestruturados ,Nanotecnologia ,Teses ,Fibras de celulose ,Biopolímeros - Abstract
Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Graciela Inês Bolzon de Muñiz Coorientadores : Prof. Dr. Alan Sulato de Andrade, Prof. Dr. Leonardo Simon, Profª. Drª. Silvana Nisgoski Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 29/09/2016 Inclui referências Área de concentração : Tecnologia e Utilização de Produtos Florestais Resumo: As nanoceluloses têm sido estudadas como biopolímeros de alta tecnologia para aplicação em diversos materiais, especialmente para o desenvolvimento de filmes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de celulose microfibrilada (CMF) de Eucalyptus sp. para a aplicação em recobrimento e barreira de filmes celulósicas, assim como o desenvolvimento de um biofilme onde a CMF possa atuar como reforço em uma matriz de amido (mandioca e mandioca hidroxiproprilado). Foram utilizadas CMF's de duas fontes: CMF laboratorial produzida nomoinho desfibrilador Masuko utilizando polpa branqueada e não branqueada; e a CMF industrial com diferentes graus de fibrilamento. As CMF's foram caracterizadas morfologicamente e termicamente. As folhas celulósicas com as deposições superficiais e os biofilmes foram caracterizados morfológica, física, mecânica e termicamente. Os resultados mostraram o desenvolvimento de materiais promissores para o setor de embalagens, com ganhos nas propriedades mecânicas, físicas e térmicas, porém a principal limitação do uso do amido e da CMF foi quanto a sua alta afinidade por umidade, o que limita a aplicação em ambientes com tempo elevado de exposição a umidade. A aplicação do filme de CMF reduziu significativamente a absorção de água, porém os resultados indicam que este ainda não é um material totalmente impermeável para determinadas aplicações. Uma aplicação potencial poderia ser quanto ao seu uso em embalagens emalimentos vendidos em padarias e fast foods, onde o tempo de contato com a umidade e óleos é mais curto. Já o biofilme de amido de mandioca apresentou características potenciais para o desenvolvimento de um bioplástico com boas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. Palavras-chave: CMF. Embalagens. Nanotecnologia. Filme celulósico. Impermeabilidade. Abstract: Nanocelluloseshave been studied as a high-tech biopolymer to use in various materials, especially for the packaging industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of microfibrillated cellulose (MCF) from Eucalyptus sp. for use in cellulosic sheet coatings and cellulosic film barriers as well asto develop a biofilm where MCF can acts as a reinforcement in a starch matrix (hydroxipropilated cassava starch and cassava starch). MCFs were used from two sources: MCF produced in a laboratory with a Masuko defibrillator mill using bleached and unbleached pulp and industrial MCF with different degrees of fibrillation. The MCF's were characterized morphologically and thermally. The cellulosic sheets with the superficial deposits and biofilms were characterized by morphologic, physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The results show potential for a promising new material for the packaging sector with improvements in mechanical, physical and thermal properties. The major limitation on the use of starch and MCF was its high affinity for moisture, which limits its application in environments with exposure to moisture for long periods. The application of the MCF film significantly reduced the absorption of water, but the results indicated that the MCF film was not a completely waterproof material for certain applications. Since thecassava starch biofilm showed potential features for the development of a bioplastic with good physical and mechanical properties, one potential application could be in bakery and fast food packaging where the contact time with moisture and oils is shorter. The cassava starch biofilm showed potential features for the development of a bioplastic with good physical and mechanical properties. Keywords: MCF. Packaging. Nanotechnology. Cellulosic film. Impermeability.
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- 2016
294. Estrutura gênica, inducão, expressão e processamento de peptídeos bioativos isolados a partir da secreção cutânea de Phyllomedusa azurea e Physalaemus nattereri
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Eder Alves Barbosa, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, and Bloch Júnior, Carlos
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Peptídeos ,Phyllomedusa azurea - glândulas ,Sapo - Abstract
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2014. Esse trabalho descreve um modelo experimental o qual emprega análises da expressão de peptídeos da secreção cutânea de anfíbios, com enfoque nas variações dos níveis de transcrição de genes de interesse e no mapeamento de peptídeos estocados nas glândulas granulares. A partir desse modelo, foram utilizadas ferramentas de biologia molecular e espectrometria de massa para investigar processos de maturação das glândulas granulares em Phyllomedusa azurea durante a metamorfose e para avaliar como esse anfíbio responde a diferentes estímulos. Os resultados evidenciam a presença dos peptídeos no tecido cutâneo, em pequenas concentrações, apenas a partir do estágio 41 de desenvolvimento. Um súbito aumento da concentração de peptídeos na pele de P. azurea é observado quando este migra para o hábitat terrestre. Contudo, mesmo logo após o término da metamorfose, as glândulas granulares não apresentaram o mesmo padrão de conteúdo peptídico do animal adulto. Os resultados indicam também que glândulas individuais armazenam um conteúdo próprio e que a presença de microrganismos modula tanto os processo de transcrição gênica, quanto os de tradução e estocagem de peptídeos. Ainda, fundamentado no modelo experimental proposto, a expressão diferencial de peptídeos nas glândulas granulares dorsais e inguinais foi investigada em anfíbios adultos da espécie Physalaemus nattereri. Observa-se, a partir dos resultados, que peptídeos antimicrobianos foram flagrados uniformemente distribuídos ao longo de todo o tecido cutâneo de P. nattereri, ao passo que os peptídeos relacionados a bradicininas são preferencialmente sintetizados nas glândulas inguinais. Isto sugere uma fina sintonia entre o sistema fisiológico e o comportamento deimático apresentado por esse anfíbio. O modelo experimental apresentado aqui pode ser estendido a outros grupos de animais, assim como, em experimentos que envolvam questionamentos relacionados a interações peptídeos/proteínas em tecidos das mais diversas origens. The present work describes a strategy that involves peptide frog skin expressing analysis, based on RNA transcription level measurement and glandular peptide skin mapping, to respond biological relevant questions. The chosen experimental model is based on molecular biology and mass spectrometry techniques to investigate granular glands maturation process of Phyllomedusa azurea through metamorphose and the peptide skin composition when this anuran is submitted to biotic stress. The results show that larvae of P. azurea on stage 37 presents right levels of RNA transcriptions, although low concentration of peptides were identified on skin just from stage 41. There was a sudden increased peptide skin concentration when P. azurea migrates to terrestrial habitat (stage 43). But, after metamorphose end, the standard glandular peptide content of juvenile frogs is different from adult frogs. The results show that individual glands have an intrinsic peptide content stored and that the microorganisms can alter the transcriptional level processes, as well as, the peptide skin gland content. The same experimental model was applied to investigate the differential peptide expression on granular glands and inguinal macro glands from Physalaemus nattereri. The results show that the antimicrobial peptides are present on entire animal skin, while the bradykinin related peptides are present mainly on inguinal macro glands. Our finding suggest an amazing fine-tuning among animal behavior, skin physiology and gene expression. The experimental model introduced here represents an alternative strategy for differential gene expression analysis and peptide interaction identification directly on biological tissue that can be applied on different animal models.
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- 2014
295. Descoberta e genotipagem por sequenciamento de SNPs em Coffea canephora e aplica????es em estudos de diversidade e estrutura gen??tica
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Carneiro, Fernanda de Ara??jo, Grattapaglia, Dario, and Andrade, Alan Carvalho
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CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA [CNPQ] ,Coffea canephora ,Genotipagem nextRAD ,Diversidade gen??tica - Abstract
Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-06-21T18:44:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandadeAraujoCarneiroDissertacao2014.pdf: 3295341 bytes, checksum: ae61848c5cda4564d3f875fdf8b3d387 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-06-21T18:44:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandadeAraujoCarneiroDissertacao2014.pdf: 3295341 bytes, checksum: ae61848c5cda4564d3f875fdf8b3d387 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-21T18:44:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandadeAraujoCarneiroDissertacao2014.pdf: 3295341 bytes, checksum: ae61848c5cda4564d3f875fdf8b3d387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-05 Of all the different activities related to agricultural industry worldwide, coffee agribusiness is among the most important ones, both economically and socially, being the main livelihood for more than 125 million people in more than 60 countries. Commercial coffee production is mostly based on two species, Coffea arabica and C. canephora. The high genetic variability of C. canephora, due to its level of allogamy, is of great importance for breeding programs of coffee as a source of novel alleles and co-evolved genetic combinations. The molecular analysis of genetic diversity has become increasingly efficient, necessary and refined, as molecular techniques have evolved and morphological traits do not supply sufficient information to fully describe an individual. An important tool in the study of genetic diversity is the use of SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) based molecular markers. In the case of C. canephora diversity studies may benefit breeding programs in selecting individuals to optimize mating schemes or assess the diversity and relatedness of clonal varieties. This study aimed to (i) evaluate and characterize the diversity and the genetic structure of C. canephora Conilon individuals belonging to a population located at Embrapa Cerrados, by nextRAD genotyping (reductively-amplified Nextera tagmented-DNA); (ii) identify potential parents of these individuals and (iii) validate genotyping technique in genomic scale. A total of 11,230 SNPs were obtained for C. canephora Conilon individuals by technique nextRAD, of these, 573 markers were selected for the diversity analysis, kinship and genetic structure using the Cervus, adegenet and Structure. The genetic diversity (0.405) and the mean observed heterozygosity (0:41) were high considering the bi-allelic markers and more than 64% of the SNPs showed PIC values higher than 0.3. In terms of population, the two methodologies used (Bayesian method and DAPC) identified different numbers of groups formed for the same set of data. In kinship analysis some parents are more frequent in the population. The data generated for the population will be useful in upcoming association studies the development of genomic prediction models. Dentre as diferentes atividades ligadas ao neg??cio agr??cola em n??vel mundial, o agroneg??cio cafeeiro est?? entre as de maior import??ncia econ??mica e social, sendo o principal meio de subsist??ncia para mais de 125 milh??es de pessoas e produzido em mais de 60 pa??ses. A produ????o cafeeira comercial baseia-se principalmente em duas esp??cies: Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora. A grande variabilidade gen??tica do C. canephora devido sua alogamia, ?? um fator de grande import??ncia para os programas de melhoramento do cafeeiro, pois fornece uma fonte de novos genes. O estudo molecular da diversidade gen??tica vem se demonstrando cada vez mais eficiente, necess??rio e refinado, uma vez que as t??cnicas moleculares est??o evoluindo e os descritores morfol??gicos est??o se tornando insuficientes para a descri????o de um indiv??duo. Uma ferramenta muito importante no estudo da diversidade gen??tica ?? o uso dos marcadores moleculares SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), estes consistem na varia????o de sequ??ncia de DNA, podendo ser identificados em praticamente todos os genes. No caso de C. canephora, estudos de diversidade podem facilitar a orienta????o dos programas de melhoramento na escolha de genitores para cruzamentos ou de gen??tipos para composi????o de variedades clonais. Este trabalho objetivou (i) avaliar e caracterizar, por meio da t??cnica de genotipagem nextRAD (Nextera-tagmented reductively-amplified DNA), a diversidade e a estrutura gen??tica de indiv??duos de C. canephora Conilon, pertencentes a uma popula????o localizada na Embrapa Cerrados; (ii) identificar os poss??veis genitores desses mesmos indiv??duos e (iii) validar a t??cnica de genotipagem em escala gen??mica utilizada nesse estudo. Um total de 11.230 SNPs foram identificados em indiv??duos de C. canephora Conilon por meio da t??cnica de genotipagem nextRAD, destes, 573 marcadores foram selecionados para as an??lises de diversidade, parentesco e estrutura gen??tica utilizando os software Cervus, adegenet e Structure. A diversidade gen??tica (0.405) e a m??dia da heterozigosidade observada (0.41) foram altas considerando marcadores bial??licos e mais de 64% dos SNPs apresentaram valores de PIC superiores a 0.3. Em termos de popula????o foi poss??vel verificar que as duas metodologias utilizadas (m??todo Bayesiano e DAPC) identificaram n??meros diferentes de grupos formados para o mesmo conjunto de dados. Na an??lise de parentesco foi poss??vel identificar alguns genitores bastante frequentes na popula????o. Os dados gerados para a popula????o ser??o ??teis em estudos futuros de associa????o e no desenvolvimento de modelos de predi????o gen??mica.
- Published
- 2014
296. The coffee genome provides insight into the convergent evolution of caffeine biosynthesis
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Giorgio Graziosi, Maria Bernard, Michel Rigoreau, Adriana Muñoz, Olivier Garsmeur, Alan Carvalho Andrade, Qiong Zhang, Priyono, Xavier Argout, Lorenzo Carretero-Paulet, Thomas Gayraud, Giovanni Giuliano, Alexandre de Kochko, Steve Rounsley, Alberto Pallavicini, Benoît Bertrand, David Sankoff, Claudine Campa, Dominique Crouzillat, Patrick Wincker, Loretta Daddiego, François Anthony, Marie Christine Combes, Romain Guyot, Valentin Guignon, Katharina Jahn, Loredana Lopez, Pascal Bento, Stéphane Dussert, Christine Tranchant-Dubreuil, Maud Lepelley, Tianying Lan, Ray Ming, Thierry Joët, Gaëtan Droc, G. Aprea, Corinne Da Silva, Julio Rozas, David Pot, Véronique Jamilloux, Thierry Leroy, Benjamin Noel, Valérie Poncet, Pablo Librado, Adriana Alberti, Victor A. Albert, Jean-Marc Aury, Gaetano Perrotta, Philippe Lashermes, Robert VanBuren, Chunfang Zheng, Robert J Henry, Leiting Li, Julie Leclercq, Chifumi Nagai, Marco Pietrella, Karine Labadie, Jayarama, Stéphanie Bocs, Alberto Cenci, Fabien De Bellis, Mathieu Rouard, Alexis Dereeper, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), State University of New York (SUNY), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Résistance des plantes aux bio-agresseurs (UMR RPB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Ottawa], University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Bioversity, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Nestlé France, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chongqing University of Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat - Biodiversity Research Institute [Barcelona, Spain] (IRBio UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Department of Mathematics [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Partenaires INRAE, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia [Brasília], Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, University of Arizona, Australian Research Council, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, CNR-ENEA Agrifood Project A2 C44 L191, FINEP-Qualicafe, NSF 0922742 0922545, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo, SouthGreen Bioinformatics platform (UMR AGAP), CIRAD, INCT-CAFE, ANR-08-GENM-022-001, ANR-09-GENM-014-002, ANR-08-GENM-0022,GénomeCafé,Analyses de séquences d'extrémités de clones BAC comme étape préliminaire au séquençage du génome des caféiers(2008), ANR-09-GENM-0014,COFFEASEQ,Séquençage du génome du caféier (Coffea canephora)(2009), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, University of Trieste, Giuliano, G., Perrotta, G., Lopez, Daddiego, L., Aprea, G., Pietrella, M., Denoeud, France, Carretero Paulet, Lorenzo, Dereeper, Alexi, Droc, Gaëtan, Guyot, Romain, Pietrella, Marco, Zheng, Chunfang, Alberti, Adriana, Anthony, Françoi, Aprea, Giuseppe, Aury, Jean Marc, Bento, Pascal, Bernard, Maria, Bocs, Stéphanie, Campa, Claudine, Cenci, Alberto, Combes, Marie Christine, Crouzillat, Dominique, Da Silva, Corinne, Daddiego, Loretta, De Bellis, Fabien, Dussert, Stéphane, Garsmeur, Olivier, Gayraud, Thoma, Guignon, Valentin, Jahn, Katharina, Jamilloux, Véronique, Joët, Thierry, Labadie, Karine, Lan, Tianying, Leclercq, Julie, Lepelley, Maud, Leroy, Thierry, Li, Lei Ting, Librado, Pablo, Lopez, Loredana, Muñoz, Adriana, Noel, Benjamin, Pallavicini, Alberto, Perrotta, Gaetano, Poncet, Valérie, Pot, David, Priyono, P., Rigoreau, Michel, Rouard, Mathieu, Rozas, Julio, Tranchant Dubreuil, Christine, Vanburen, Robert, Zhang, Qiong, Andrade, Alan C., Argout, Xavier, Bertrand, Benoît, De Kochko, Alexandre, Graziosi, Giorgio, Henry, Robert J., Jayarama, J., Ming, Ray, Nagai, Chifumi, Rounsley, Steve, Sankoff, David, Giuliano, Giovanni, Albert, Victor A., Wincker, Patrick, and Lashermes, Philippe
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Phylogénie ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Coffea ,Évolution ,biosynthèse ,Genome ,Camellia sinensis ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Solanum lycopersicum ,genetics ,Methyltransferase ,Phylogeny ,Plant Proteins ,caffeine ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,Medicine (all) ,Plant Protein ,food and beverages ,F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie ,Caféine ,Caffeine ,Genome, Plant ,coffea ,Canephora ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,Biology ,Transférase ,Coffea canephora ,Evolution, Molecular ,Phylogenetics ,evolution ,Methyltransferases ,Gene family ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Theobroma cacao ,Gene ,genome ,Génome ,Molecular ,Plant ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,Angiosperme - Abstract
Coffee, tea, and chocolate converge Caffeine has evolved multiple times among plant species, but no one knows whether these events involved similar genes. Denoeud et al. sequenced the Coffea canephora (coffee) genome and identified a conserved gene order (see the Perspective by Zamir). Although this species underwent fewer genome duplications than related species, the relevant caffeine genes experienced tandem duplications that expanded their numbers within this species. Scientists have seen similar but independent expansions in distantly related species of tea and cacao, suggesting that caffeine might have played an adaptive role in coffee evolution. Science , this issue p. 1181 ; see also p. 1124
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- 2014
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297. Modificação térmica da madeira de três espécies de florestas plantadas pelo pocesso VAP HolzSysteme®
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Bellon, Karine Ramos da Rosa, Klitzke, Ricardo Jorge, Auer, Celso Garcia, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, and Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal
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Eucalyptus grandis ,Madeira - Qualidade ,Pinus taeda ,Teca (Arvore) ,Madeira - Quimica - Abstract
Orientador : Prof. Dr. Ricardo Jorge Klitzke Coorientadores : Prof. Dr. Celso Garcia Auer e Prof. Dr. Alan Sulato de Andrade Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 18/12/2013 Inclui referências Área de concentração : Tecnologia e utilização de produtos florestais Resumo: A modificação térmica confere a madeira melhorias na estabilidade dimensional, higroscopicidade e durabilidade natural. No entanto, a modificação térmica pode causar alterações físicas e químicas, as quais afetam a qualidade da madeira, inviabilizando seu uso para algumas finalidades. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi ampliar o uso tecnológico de madeiras de rápido crescimento por meio da modificação térmica. A modificação térmica foi realizada a duas temperaturas (140°C e 160°C) pelo processo industrial VAP HolzSysteme®. Os ensaios inchamento, análises químicas e intemperismos foram realizados segundo normas COPANT 462, TAPPI e EN 927-3, respectivamente. Para o ensaio de biodeterioração utilizou-se os fungos Lentinula edodes e Pleurotus djamor. Foram confeccionados painéis e mini decks para avaliação das intempéries frente à modificação térmica. Em relação a madeira não modificada (testemunha), houve redução do teor de holocelulose e no valor de pH da madeira, ocorreu aumento nos teores de lignina e extrativos totais, na solubilidade em NaOH a 1%. O teor de umidade da madeira e o inchamento reduziram com o aumento da temperatura final de processo. A modificação o térmica alterou o comportamento apenas das espécies de Pinus taeda e Eucalyptus grandis na biodeterioração. A modificação térmica promoveu melhorias na qualidade das espécies quando submetidas às intempéries. Indicam-se todas as espécies para uso externo como painíes. As espécies Pinus taeda e Tectona grandis mostraram qualidades favoráveis ao uso em ambientes externos como mini decks. Palavras-chave: Intemperismo natural, Durabilidade da madeira; Estabilidade dimensional; Higroscopicidade; Química da madeira. Abstract: The thermal modification confers wooden improvements in dimensional stability, hygroscopicity and natural durability. However, the thermal modification can cause physical and chemical changes which affect the quality of the wood, preventing its use for some purposes. The objective of this research was to expand the use of technology woods of rapid growth through the thermal modification. The thermal modification was performed at two temperatures (140°C and 160°C) by processing VAP HolzSysteme®. The swelling tests, chemical and natural weathering tests were performed according COPANT 462, TAPPI and EN 927-3, respectively standards. For the biodegradation test fungi were used Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus djamor. Panels and mini decks were made to assess the weathering front to thermal modification. Compared to unmodified wood (control), reduction in the holocellulose content and pH value of the wood, there was an increase in lignin and extractives, the solubility in 1% NaOH. The moisture content of the wood and swelling, decreased with increasing final temperature process. The modification changed the thermal behavior of the only species of Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus grandis in biodeterioration. The thermal modification promoted improvements in the quality of the species when subjected to weathering. Show up all species for external use as painíes. The loblolly pine and Tectona grandis species showed favorable qualities for outdoor use as mini decks. Keywords: Natural weathering; Durability of wood; Dimensional stability; Hygroscopicity; Wood chemistry.
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- 2013
298. Efeito da incorporação de microfibrilas de celulose sobre as propriedades do papel
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Potulski, Daniele Cristina, Bolzón de Muñiz, Graciela Inés, Klock, Umberto, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, and Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal
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Nanotecnologia ,Industria de celulose ,Papel - Indústria ,Dissertações ,Papel - Propriedades - Abstract
Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Graciela Ines Bolzon de Muniz Coorientadores : Prof.Dr. Umberto Klock, Prof.Dr. Alan Sulato de Andrade Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 08/03/2012 Bibliografia : fls. 65-70 Área de concentração : Tecnologia e utilização de produtos florestais Resumo: A competitividade e o crescimento do setor de celulose e papel vêm fazendo com que as indústrias busquem maneiras de tornar seus processos industriais cada vez mais eficientes. Essa eficiência é conquistada com o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, como a nanotecnologia, na forma de microfibrilas de celulose que ao serem adicionadas na formação do papel visam o incremento de suas propriedades. Neste sentido este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito da incorporação de microfibrilas de celulose no papel, sobre as propriedades ópticas, físicas e mecânicas. A partir da polpa celulósica foram obtidas as microfibrilas que foram caracterizadas através das técnicas de microscopia eletrônica, viscosidade intrínseca e determinação da cristalinidade por raio-x. Foram confeccionados papeis com grau de refinação 15° e 25° e com adição 1% a 6% de microfibrilas de celulose que foram avaliados sobre as propriedades ópticas, físicas e mecânicas. A adição de microfibrilas de celulose no papel não alterou significativamente as propriedades ópticas, mas influenciou significativamente nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. A adição das MFCs proporcionou um incremento no valor médio das propriedades avaliadas de no mínimo 19% para o índice de rasgo com grau de refinação 25° e de no máximo 73% para índice de tração com grau de refinação 15°. Sendo possível concluir, assim, que a adição das microfibrilas de celulose ao papel pode contribuir positivamente na sua qualidade. Abstract: The competitivity and the increasing of pulp and paper sector are some of the reasons to the industry search how to become their industrial process more efficient. This efficiency is obtained with the new technology development, as the nanotechnology. The addition of cellulose microfibrils in the paper production, tend to increase the paper properties. This study aims to evaluate the addition effect of cellulose microfibrils (MFCs) in handmade paper sheets, over their optical, physical and mechanical properties. The microfibrils obtained from the pulp were characterized by electron microscopy, intrinsic viscosity and crystallinity determination by x-ray. Paper sheets were manufactured with refining degree of 15 ° and 25 ° and by adding 1% to 6% of cellulose microfibrils, those have been evaluated on the optical, physical and mechanical properties. The cellulose microfibrils addition in paper did not significantly changed the optical properties, but it has influenced the physical and mechanical properties. That addition of MFC's has provided an increment of the evaluated properties, minimum of 19% for the tear index with degree of refining 25° and at most of 73% for tensile index with refining degree of 15°. As can be concluded, therefore, that the addiction of cellulose microfibrils may contribute positively to the role of paper quality.
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- 2012
299. Estudo do comportamento clínico, efeito de drogas in vitro e identificação de proteínas de Leishmania isoladas de pacientes com Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana que não responderam ao tratamento
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Ayala Urdapilleta, Ada Amália, Sampaio, Raimunda Nonata Ribeiro, and Andrade, Alan Carvalho
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Leishmania ,Leishmaniose - tratamento - Abstract
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, 2011. No Brasil, a Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana constitui um importante problema de saúde pública. É uma doença de difícil controle com aumento de casos que não respondem ao tratamento. Até o momento, não existe terapêutica ideal para as leishmanioses, contudo os antimoniais pentavalentes têm representado a droga de escolha com cura de 60 a 90%, nos últimos anos. A não resposta ao tratamento é complexa com vários fatores envolvidos tais como, a falha terapêutica vinculada à resposta do hospedeiro e a resistência do parasito as drogas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar isolados de L.(L.) amazonensis e L.(V.) braziliensis obtidos de lesão cutânea de portador de Leishmaniose Cutânea Difusa e Leishmaniose Cutânea Mucosa respectivamente com sucessivas falhas terapêuticas, comparados com Leishmanias controles. Os isolados dos pacientes foram estudados em relação a manifestação clínica, a ação de drogas in vitro e a identificação de proteínas. Os testes in vitro foram realizados com formas promastigotas e amatigotas axênicas testadas com antimônio pentavalente, miltefosina, anfotericina B lipossomal, pentoxifilina, itraconazol e alopurinol. As drogas foram distribuídas em placas Elisa de 96 poços em concentrações de 0 até 3000 μg/mL para formas promastigotas e de 0 a 50 μg/mL para formas amastigotas axênicas. A suspensão utilizada foi de 106 para formas promastigotas incubadas por 48 h e de 107 amastigotas/mL incubadas por 24 horas a 37ºC e 5% de CO2 para as formas amastigotas axênicas. Em ambas as formas foi empregado o método colorimétrico, com o Methyl Thiazolyl Blue e a leitura dos testes foi realizada em leitor de placas Elisa (Molecular Devices-Spectra Max, 385 plus - USA) no comprimento de onda de 570nm. As drogas alopurinol e miltefosina apresentaram maior eficácia (p
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- 2011
300. Espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo no estudo das propriedades da madeira de Pinus taeda L. e Pinus greggii Engelm
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Simão, Romullo Luiz, Andrade, Alan Sulato de, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, and Klock, Umberto
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Espectroscopia de infravermelho ,Pinheiro ,Pinus taeda ,Madeira - Propriedades - Abstract
Orientador : Prof. Dr. Umberto Klock Coorientador : Prof. Dr. Alan Sulato de Andrade Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 19/05/2011 Inclui referências : f. 63-71 Área de concentração : Tecnologia e utilização de produtos florestais Resumo: Pesquisas na área de tecnologia da madeira estão intensivamente fazendo parte do escopo de investimentos das empresas brasileiras nos diferentes ramos de atuação, visando manter a qualidade dos produtos e a homogeneidade de processos. A expansão da cadeia produtiva frente á estabilidade dessas indústrias no mercado global necessita da estratégia aliada à rápida tomada de decisões. A técnica de espectroscopia e a utilização do infravermelho próximo pode ser uma ferramenta fundamental no atendimento dos critérios do processo e do produto que exigem como resposta os fatores inerentes à qualidade da matéria prima madeira com agilidade de análise e precisão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor a utilização da técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo como uma ferramenta de pesquisa operacional a ser aplicada na investigação de propriedades da madeira de Pinus taeda L. e Pinus greggii Engelm. Várias seções ao longo da altura das árvores dessas espécies, a cada 3,10 m e no DAP (1,30 m), foram obtidas para a determinação da massa específica da madeira, do teor de lignina, do comprimento e espessura dos traqueóides. Os espectros obtidos a partir das amostras de madeira foram gerados através do aparelho de infravermelho próximo de marca FENTO, na faixa de comprimento de onda entre 400 nm até 2500 nm e submetidos a tratamentos através da aplicação de ferramentas como MSC e primeira derivada S. Golay. Em seguida os espectros foram correlacionados com as propriedades da madeira determinadas em laboratório através de ferramentas de análise multivariada de dados como PCA e regressão PLS, contidas no software Unscrambler ® versão 9.2. Foram gerados modelos a das espécies separadamente assim como das espécies em conjunto, formando três grupos de estudos com o objetivo de encontrar o melhor modelo relacionado aos tratamentos espectrais para cada propriedade da madeira. Modelos também foram gerados utilizando somente amostras provenientes do DAP das árvores, neste caso utilizando as amostras das duas espécies em conjunto e formando um único grupo. Os espectros submetidos aos tratamentos propostos que geraram os melhores resultados foram observados pelos maiores valores de correlação multivariada de calibração (R2c) e predição (R2p) bem como pelos menores valores dos erros padrão de calibração (SEC) e predição (SEP). De maneira geral, o grupo do Pinus taeda quando avaliado isoladamente obteve os melhores modelos em relação ao Pinus greggii. Por outro lado, os modelos gerados a partir das amostras do DAP apresentaram resultados importantes e superiores aos três grupos anteriormente analisados, permitindo assim a constituição de um modelo robusto contendo as duas espécies. Conclui-se que é possível utilizar a técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo para a estimativa das propriedades da madeira de Pinus taeda e Pinus greggii. Palavras-Chave: espectroscopia, infravermelho próximo, NIR, propriedades, madeira, Pinus greggii, Pinus taeda. Abstract: Research in wood technology have been intensively making part of the investment scope in Brazilian industries in different branches of activity seeking to keep the product quality and processes uniformity. Supply chain expansion face the stability of these industries in the global market needs the strategy allied to the fastest decision making. The spectroscopy and the use of near infrared may be a key tool in order to attempt the process criteria and product demand in response to the factors inherent of wood quality as raw material with speed and analysis precision. The objective of this study was to propose the use of near infrared spectroscopy technique as a tool for operational research in order to investigate the wood properties in Pinus taeda L. and Pinus greggii Engelm. Some wood sections along the trees stem of these species with equidistant measure in each 3.10 m and DBH (1.30 m) were collected to determine the wood density, lignin content, tracheid length and wall thickness. Spectra obtained from the wood samples were generated by a FENTO brand near infrared, ranging from 400 nm up to 2500 nm wavelength and they were subjected too by treatment through the application of tools such as MSC and first derivative S. Golay. Then spectra were correlated with the wood properties determined in laboratory using multivariate analysis tools as PCA and PLS regression, inside the Unscrambler ® software 9.2 version. Models were generated firstly using separating species and more after with the species together, forming three study groups in order to find the best treatments related to the spectral model in each wood property. Models were also generated using only samples from the DBH of trees, in this case using samples of both species together, forming a single group. Spectra from the treatments had the best results which were observed by the highest multivariate correlation of calibration (R2c) and prediction (R2p) as well as by low values of standard errors of calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP). In general, the Pinus taeda group when evaluated separately showed the best models than Pinus greggii group. Moreover the models generated from the DBH samples showed significant and superior results rather the three groups previously analyzed, it means that this method may allow the establishment of a robust model containing the two species inside of one unique model. The conclusion was that it is possible to use the near infrared spectroscopy technique in order to predict Pinus taeda and Pinus greggii wood properties. Key-words: spectroscopy, near infrared, NIR, wood properties, Pinus taeda, Pinus greggii.
- Published
- 2011
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