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RESUME Les jouets mediatisent la plupart des echanges entre jeunes enfants, en particulier dans les contextes de vie collective, mais peu d’etudes ont examine leurs effets sur le developpement des premieres interactions entre pairs. On a montre le role positif de la quantite et de la similarite des jouets, mais qu’en est-il du role des differents types de jouets ? Compte tenu de l’importance de l’imitation posturale dans les premieres interactions entre pairs, nous faisons l’hypothese que les jeux moteurs, qui incitent aux deplacements et aux mouvements, seront de meilleurs supports d’attention et d’interaction entre enfants que les jeux de manipulation poses sur des tables ou sur le sol, qui incitent a des activites precises et calmes. Dans la perspective de l’ecologie developpementale developpee par Wohlwill (1980), deux groupes d’enfants (âges moyens : 23 et 35 mois) sont observes dans leur environnement de creche habituel. Ils sont filmes durant des sessions de jeux libres avec deux ensembles de jouets familiers : soit des jeux moteurs (velos, ballons, balancelles, structures a grimper, etc.), soit des jeux de manipulation (puzzles, jeux d’encastrements, duplo, etc.). Les comportements des enfants sont codes selon six categories : inactivite, activite transitoire, jeu solitaire, jeu parallele, observation des enfants ou des adultes, interactions (affiliatives ou agonistiques) avec les enfants ou les adultes. Les resultats montrent un effet tres differencie des deux types de materiel de jeux : les jouets moteurs incitent davantage que les jeux de manipulation a observer les autres enfants et a interagir. L’effet deja net sur l’orientation sociale des plus jeunes enfants se confirme encore chez les plus grands, avec une augmentation importante des interactions amicales entre enfants. Les jeux de manipulation incitent plus au jeu parallele, quel que soit l’âge. Les jeux solitaires et les interactions avec les adultes ne sont pas affectes par le type de materiel de jeu.

Neste estudo procurámos caracterizar as atitudes relativamente à homoparentalidade feminina e masculina, por parte de um conjunto de futuros/as intervenientes da rede social. Cada participante (N = 1288) leu uma de 14 vinhetas contendo a descrição de uma situação de adoção, na qual a orientação sexual e o estatuto conjugal dos/as candidatos/as a adotantes foram manipulados experimentalmente. Posteriormente, os/as participantes pronunciaram‑se sobre diversos aspetos da competência parental dos/as candidatos/as. Apesar de as competências parentais dos/as candidatos/as terem sido avaliadas positivamente, a parentalidade heterossexual foi avaliada de forma mais positiva do que a homoparentalidade. Além disso, os/as participantes consideraram que as lésbicas ou os gays celibatários receberiam mais apoio da comunidade do que os casais do mesmo sexo (femininos ou masculinos). No caso das lésbicas, verificou‑se ainda uma maior probabilidade de atribuição da custódia da criança a uma pessoa solteira do que a um casal. Esta visão heteronormativa da parentalidade é discutida e são consideradas implicações para a formação académica dos/as futuros/as intervenientes da rede social, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à necessária inclusão desta temática nos curricula universitários. In this study, we sought to characterize the attitudes of future professionals of the social network towards lesbian and gay parenting. Each participant (N = 1288) read one of 14 vignettes describing an adoption situation. The vignettes were identical except for the sexual orientation and the relational status of the candidates. After reading the vignette, participants rated various aspects of the parental competence of the candidates. Results showed that although all candidates were rated positively, heterosexual parents were favored over homosexual parents. Additionally, participants considered that single lesbian or gay candidates would receive more social support from the community than same‑sex couples. In the case of lesbian parents, custody was also awarded with greater probability to a single woman than to a couple. This heteronormative view of parenting is discussed and implications are drawn in terms of the students’ academic training, namely the necessary inclusion of this issue in the curricula of university degrees.

There is evidence that Early Childhood Education positively contributes to optimal performance in Elementary School, but there are few studies about its infl uence on socio-behavioral variables. This study aimed to explore the association between duration of Early Childhood Education attendance (one or two years) and developmental outcomes in the 3rd grade. A total of 151 students from public schools participated in the study and their academic performance, social skills, externalizing behavior and stress symptoms were assessed. Data analysis comprised group comparison and regression with control of socioeconomic background. The results showed that children who had attended Early Childhood Education for one more year showed better achievement and less stress symptoms. Duration of Early Childhood Education attendance was a significant positive predictor for achievement and a negative one for stress in the 3rd grade. We discuss the quality of Early Childhood Education and its influence on the variables assessed and point to the need for a systematic replication study to assess the generalization of the results.

In this study, we evaluated the internal structure of the Portuguese version of the Marital Social-Skills Inventory. After adapting the language of the inventory from Brazilian to European Portuguese, it was tested with 540 Portuguese respondents (20 to 70 years of age), who had been in a stable relationship for at least one year. A principal components analysis (n = 310) suggested that the internal structure includes four dimensions: Expressiveness, Self-affirmation, Self-control and Assertive Conversation. This structure was tested using a confirmatory analysis (n = 230), yielding satisfactory indicators of overall adjustment. Cronbach’s alpha values for the first three dimensions indicated good internal consistency. The internal structure of the Portuguese version of the Marital Social-Skills Inventory-Villa & Del-Prette is coherent with the original structure, and psychometrically sound for the evaluation of marital social-skills among Portuguese couples. Thus, this instrument can be a useful tool in assessment and intervention work with couples. Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura fatorial de uma versão portuguesa do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Conjugais. Após adaptação do idioma português do Brasil para o português europeu, o inventário foi aplicado em 540 portugueses (com idades entre 20 a 70 anos), que estavam a viver em conjugalidade há pelo menos um ano. A análise dos componentes principais (n = 310) sugeriu uma estrutura de quatro dimensões, denominadas Expressividade, Autoafirmação, Autocontrolo e Conversação Assertiva. A testagem do modelo na análise fatorial confirmatória (n = 230) indicou um ajustamento global aceitável. O alfa de Cronbach das três primeiras dimensões demonstrou boa consistência interna. Conclui-se que a estrutura interna da versão portuguesa do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Conjugais-Villa & Del-Prette é coerente com a estrutura original e psicometricamente adequada à avaliação de habilidades sociais conjugais em portugueses. Assim, o instrumento poderá ser uma útil ferramenta na avaliação e intervenção com casais.

Given the mental health disparities among LGB and heterosexual youth, literature has increasingly emphasized the need to identify the mechanisms that promote resilience among sexual minorities. This systematic review sought to answer the question: what are the protection mechanisms against homophobia among LGB youth? Of the 147 references located in the search, 13 studies were analyzed. The identified protection mechanisms were organized by two criteria: specific to sexual orientation or general, and considered to be at the personal, relational and contextual level. Most of the mechanisms revealed to solely promote the positive adjustment in the presence of risk. General protective mechanisms frequently revealed to be more compensatory of the risks than those specific to sexual orientation. Resumo: Considerando as disparidades observadas em diversos indicadores de ajustamentoentre jovens lésbicas,gay e bissexuais (LGB) e jovens heterossexuais, revelou-se importante de identificar os mecanismos que promovem a resiliência das minorias sexuais. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática, procurou-se responder à questão: quais são os mecanismos de proteção perante a homofobia junto dos jovens LGB? Das 147 referências localizadas na pesquisa sistemática, 13 estudos foram analisados. Os mecanismos de proteção identificados foram organizados de acordo com dois critérios: especificidade (serem gerais ou específicos à orientação sexual) e nível (pessoais, relacionaisou contextuais). Os resultados demonstram que a maioria destes mecanismos são unicamentepromotores do ajustamento positivo na presença do risco. Os mecanismos gerais revelaram-se mais frequentemente compensatórios dos riscos, do que os específicos. Resumen: Considerando las disparidades observadas en varios indicadores de ajuste entre jóvenes gais, lesbianas y bisexuales y jóvenes heterosexuales, ha sido enfatizada en la literatura la necesidad de identificar los mecanismos que promueven la resiliencia entre las minorías sexuales. Esta revisión sistemática trató de responder la pregunta: ¿cuáles son los mecanismos de protección contra la homofobia entre los jóvenes LGB? De las 147 referencias localizadas en la búsqueda sistemática, 13 estudios fueron analizados. Los mecanismos de protección identificados fueron ordenados según dos criterios: específicos a la orientación sexual o generales, y considerando su nivel de expresión, personales, relacionales o contextuales. Los resultados demuestran que la mayoría de estos mecanismos son exclusivamente promotores del ajuste positivo en la presencia del riesgo. Los mecanismos de protección generales se revelan más a menudo compensatorios de los riesgos que los específicos.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os fatores associados ao Bem-Estar Subjetivo em pessoas casadas e solteiras. Participaram três grupos independentes (casados, solteiros que namoram e solteiros que não namoram), selecionados por critérios de conveniência (n = 374). Instrumentos: Escala de Bem-estar Subjetivo, Questionário de Conjugalidade dos Pais e Escala Fatorial de Satisfação com o Relacionamento de Casal. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, correlacionais, de regressão linear múltipla e comparação entre os grupos. A satisfação quanto à atração física e sexualidade está associada ao Bem-Estar Subjetivo nos casados. A percepção sobre a conjugalidade dos pais é o fator mais associado a esse bem-estar nos solteiros e na amostra geral. Embora a conjugalidade dos pais revele-se importante na estruturação do bem-estar na vida adulta, a experiência conjugal pode diminuir o impacto das experiências na família de origem, remalhando os vínculos iniciais considerados negativos. Novos estudos são necessários para dar suporte a essas conclusões. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of Subjective Well-Being in married and unmarried people. Three independent groups of people (married couples, singles dating, and singles not dating), selected using convenience sampling (n = 374), participated in this study. The instruments used were: Subjective Well-being Scale, Parental Conjugality Questionnaire, and Factorial Scale of Couple Relationship Satisfaction. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and comparison between the groups investigated. It was found that physical attraction and sexual satisfaction are associated with the Subjective Well-Being in married people. The perception of parental conjugality was the factor most strongly associated with the Subjective Well-Being in single people and the whole sample. Although parental conjugality proved to be important to promote the well-being of adults, marital experiences can reduce the impact on family-of-origin experiences, breaking the initial bonds that were considered negative. Further studies are needed to support these findings.

The primary research activities of our team at the Laboratoire de Psychobiologie de l’Enfant in Paris involve the development of social communication during the first 3 to 4 years of life. We have focused on what might be called the hidden face of early social competence. More precisely, we have been involved in the functional analysis of transitory adaptation — the examination of behavior that either declines or disappears during the early stages of development.

Introduction Recent studies on the life satisfaction in children and young people have investigated its association with vulnerability, discrimination, the individual’s school environment and network of relationships, and mental health. The growing interest in the area demands instruments with good psychometric properties. Aim The aim of this study is to study the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Children (MLSS-C). Method The participants were 379 elementary schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 (M= 10.5 years), enrolled in public schools in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The instruments used were the MLSS-C, the Self-Description Assessment Questionnaire 1 (SDQ1), the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), and the Childhood Stress Scale (CSS). Two data collections were made, one in the fifth year of elementary school and one in the sixth. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to assess the structural model’s goodness of fit. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability), test-retest reliability and the discriminant, convergent, and divergent validity were also assessed. Results Regarding CFA, after removing items with saturation values below .50, six dimensions proposed by the authors remained, five of them with alpha values above .70. The construct validity was confirmed by finding moderate and positive correlations between life satisfaction and self-concept and social skills (convergent validity) and lower and negative correlation with childhood stress (divergent validity). Conclusion Together, the reported results provide preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of this scale. It is suggested, therefore, that this scale is suitable for both research and practice with Brazilian schoolchildren.

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