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In this work, the binary nanocomposite of crosslinked polyaniline nanorods (CPANINRs) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is first synthesized by in situ polymerization, and CPANINRs/MoS2 on functionalized carbon cloth (CPANINRs/MoS2/FCC) is facilely constructed by a drop-casting method. The composition, morphology, and structure of the CPANINRs, MoS2, and CPANINRs/MoS2 binary nanocomposite are characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical properties of the MoS2/FCC, CPANINRs/FCC, and CPANINRs/MoS2/FCC are tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD). The experiment results show that the CPANINRs/MoS2/FCC exhibits excellent stability and high specific capacitance, and its specific capacitance reaches 618.75 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The CPANINRs/MoS2/FCC has a long cycling life and the capacity retention of 91.46% is obtained after 2000 cycles at a large current density of 10 A g−1. Moreover, the CPANINRs/MoS2/FCC-based symmetric supercapacitor also exhibits excellent rate performance and good cycling stability. The specific capacitance based on the total mass of the two electrodes is 106.4 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and the capacitance retention of 93.6% is obtained after 2000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High values of ozone (O 3) occur frequently in the dry spring season; thus, understanding the evolution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in spring is of great significance for preventing O 3 pollution. In this study, a total of 101 VOCs from April 16 to May 21, 2019, were quantified using an online gas chromatography mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector (GCMS/FID). The results indicated that the observed concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 30.4 ± 17.0 ppbv, and it was dominated by alkanes (44.3%), followed by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (17.4%), halocarbons (12.7%), aromatics (9.5%), alkenes (8.2%), acetylene (5.3%) and carbon disulfide (2.5%). The average mixing ratio of VOCs showed obvious diurnal variation (high at night, low during daytime). We conducted a source apportionment study based on 32 major VOCs using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and coal + biomass burning (25.2%), diesel exhaust (16.0%), gasoline exhaust + evaporation (17.4%), secondary + long-lived species (16.7%), biogenic sources (4.3%), industrial emissions (9.3%) and solvent use (11.2%) were identified as major sources of VOCs. In addition to local emissions, most of the atmospheric VOCs were derived from long-distance air masses (65.7%), and the average mixing ratio of VOCs in the northwest direction was 29.4 ppbv. Combined with the results of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) indicate that research should focus on the local emissions of combustion, transportation sources and solvents usage to control atmospheric VOCs. Additionally, transmission of the northwest air mass is an important component that cannot be ignored during spring in Beijing. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2‐Aminobenzothiazoles derivatives have revealed a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as anti‐HIV, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐microbial, anti‐tumour, anti‐infective, and anti‐convulsant activities. A great amount of 2‐aminobenzothiazole derivatives have been applied in drugs for the treatment of human diseases. A convenient approach for the construction of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles via I2‐catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction of amines and carbon disulfide has been developed. More details are discussed in the article by Deng et al. on page 846—852. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Weak hydrogen bonding is present in binary solutions. • Simulations of the HB modes with DFT are in good agreement with experiment. • HB and high pressure tune the FR of the CS 2 molecule differently. In the spectroscopic study of polyatomic molecules, Fermi resonance (FR) is a vibrational coupling and energy transfer phenomenon that widely exists intra- and intermolecular. In particular, the FR coupling between the fundamental mode ν 1 and the doubling mode 2ν 2 of the CS 2 molecule has attracted extensive research. In this work, we investigate the effect of local field on tuning the FR of CS 2. By analyzing the Raman spectra of CS 2 mixed with methanol and ethanol with different mole fractions, the results indicated that weak HBs interactions in binary solutions can be reflected by the linear frequency shift of the C–H bond vibrations (in methanol and ethanol) with different molar concentrations. Furthermore, the geometrical structure was optimized using DFT simulation, and the vibration analysis and interaction energy were carried out. The simulated Raman spectra are in good agreement with the experiments. In addition, high-pressure Raman spectra of CS 2 were obtained by diamond anvil cell technique (up to 9.19 GPa) and a pressure-induced phase transition was observed at 1.71 GPa. The results demonstrated that the pressure-induced polymerization phase transition of CS 2 molecules causes the close packing and more orderly arrangement of molecules, resulting in the enhancement of FR coupling. HB and high pressure tune the FR of the CS 2 molecule differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanocomposite of molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanomaterials are gaining interest due to their tunable morphology and wide applications. This study has focused on exploring the unique structure of the present nanocomposite and its application toward sensing ofloxacin. The successful synthesis of nanocomposite with unique three-dimensional morphology and chemical integrity was confirmed through FESEM, HRTEM, XPS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The conductivity and selectivity of nanocomposite toward ofloxacin were explored through electrochemical applications. This study has also observed the behavior of pure ofloxacin and market drug ofloxacin in laboratory and real environment. For the real application, the drug ofloxacin was tested in rain, tap, and distilled water, and the sensitivity of the sensor in these sources was estimated. The sensitivity study was validated through differential pulse normal voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. This non-noble metal and the carbon-based hybrid composite has shown successful growth and holds a promising solution as a sensor for ofloxacin. [Display omitted] • Antimicrobial drugs consumption has increased by 46% in the last two decades. • Antimicrobial resistance has led to 7,00,000 deaths per year. • MoS 2 @MWCNT nanostructure is synthesized via a single-step hydrothermal method. • MoS 2 @MWCNT nanostructure acts as an excellent electrochemical sensor for ofloxacin. • The sensor has shown an excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 0.12 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiments of the adsorption removal of CS 2 impurity from a mimetic coke oven gas were performed by using a series of Na-type zeolites as adsorbents. Combining with the diffusion & simulation calculations and several characterizations, it's found both the development degree and the diffusion ability of microporous systems significantly influence the adsorption performance of these Na-type zeolites on which the physical absorption was predominant for CS 2 molecules. Firstly, compared with NaZSM-5 or NaSAPO-34, the NaY with FAU-type framework exhibited a much higher breakthrough adsorption capacity, primarily due to its much higher microporous surface area & volume and larger-size channels, which ensured a broader adsorption space, a high-efficiency molecule-diffusion and a high adsorption utilization of micropores. Secondly, alkali-treatment introduced some mesopores into NaZSM-5 crystals but also resulted in a declined integrity of microporous structure, causing an obvious decline of adsorption performance. Thirdly, the nano-crystal NaZSM-5 or NaY exhibited a much higher breakthrough adsorption capacity than that of the corresponding micron-crystal zeolite, primarily attributed to both the increased microporous surface area & volume and the shortened micropore diffusion-path length of the former. In addition, a breakthrough adsorption capacity of up to 0.251 g/g was obtained in the first adsorption use of a nano-NaY-0.909 sample at 298 K, and it's 0.229 g/g in even the sixteenth time of operation (by then, total adsorption service hours were 80.58 h). Our work may provide an important reference for developing high-performance adsorbents for removing gaseous CS 2 impurity in coke oven gas. [Display omitted] • Na-type zeolites with different micropore properties were tested for CS 2 adsorption. • Development degree and diffusion ability of microporous system influence adsorption. • A nano-crystal NaY showed a significantly improved breakthrough adsorption capacity. • The nano-crystal NaY exhibited a good long-term repeated-use performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of renal damage caused by long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) in nine patients. Methods All the patients underwent ultrasound-guided renal biopsy. All specimens were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples form one patient were further analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Results Similar pathological changes were observed in all patients, but the degrees of lesions were different. All cases had moderate to severe nodular mesangial hyperplasia; among these, type “Kimme1stie1-Wi1son” (K-W nodule for short) was observed in four cases, type “K - W nodule” refer to nodular hyperplasia of mesangial membrane like letter K or W. four cases had proliferative extracapillary glomerulonephritis (GN), while there were no concomitant changes in one patient. Besides, six cases had diffuse basement membrane thickening, focal segmental sclerosis or bulbar sclerosis; two cases had diffuse glomerular sclerosis, and one case had focal segmental capillary hyperplasia. Moreover, all patients had renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis with less to moderate chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as renal arteriosclerosis. IHC showed that the depositions of IgA, IgM, C3d, C4d, C1q and Fib were not specific; while IgG, type III collagen, Fibronectin, Amyloid A, Igκ, Igλ, HBsAg and HBcAg were all negative. Conclusion Diffuse nodular mesangial hyperplasia/sclerosing glomerular nephropathy is characterized by nodular mesangial hyperplasia with type “K-W nodules” formation, which we speculate is a special pathological manifestation of renal damage caused by carbon disulfide (CS2).

Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) processes in carbon disulfide have been experimentally studied applying the wavelength dependent femtosecond laser source. The quantum mechanical perturbation theory was applied to analyze the experimental data. Third-order optical nonlinearity in carbon disulfide has been proposed to consider two- or three-energy levels schemes. Either two-levels or three-levels scheme prevails in the nonlinear interaction depending on the symmetry of the participating in the interaction molecular orbitals. These two DFWM schemes have different spatial symmetry of three wave vectors of the laser beams, which leads to DFWM signal shape variation. Registered DFWM signals demonstrate the presence of a slow decay component for longer light wavelengths, which indicates availability of a virtual level in carbon disulfide having the same symmetry inherent to the ground state with 1.12 picoseconds lifetime. The DFWM signal shape based on symmetries of the carbon disulfide ground state and excited states has been analyzed. Quantum mechanics calculus was performed to build wave functions for the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO). Electronic states energies as well as optical transition energy for carbon disulfide were calculated with a few percents accuracy.

BackgroundThe gaseous headspace above naïve Escherichia Coli (E. coli) cultures and whole human blood inoculated with E. coli were collected and analyzed for the presence of trace gases that may have the potential to be used as novel, non-invasive markers of infectious disease.MethodsThe naïve E. coli culture, LB broth, and human whole blood or E. coli inoculated whole blood were incubated in hermetically sealable glass bioreactors at 37°C for 24 hrs. LB broth and whole human blood were used as controls for background volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The headspace gases were collected after incubation and analyzed using a gas chromatographic system with multiple column/detector combinations.ResultsSix VOCs were observed to be produced by E. coli-infected whole blood while there existed nearly zero to relatively negligible amounts of these gases in the whole blood alone, LB broth, or E. coli-inoculated LB broth. These VOCs included dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbon disulfide (CS2), ethanol, acetaldehyde, methyl butanoate, and an unidentified gas S. In contrast, there were several VOCs significantly elevated in the headspace above the E. coli in LB broth, but not present in the E. coli/blood mixture. These VOCs included dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), methyl propanoate, 1-propanol, methylcyclohexane, and unidentified gases R2 and Q.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates 1) that cultivated E. coli in LB broth produce distinct gas profiles, 2) for the first time, the ability to modify E. coli-specific gas profiles by the addition of whole human blood, and 3) that E. coli-human whole blood interactions present different gas emission profiles that have the potential to be used as non-invasive volatile biomarkers of E. coli infection.

Using the method of classical molecular dynamics the tribological properties are studied of one molecular layer of liquid carbon disulfide, pressed by two atomically smooth diamond surfaces. We treat the models of elastic spheres for carbon disulfide molecules and absolutely rigid diamond plates. The found time series of atomic level friction force at the contact is heterogeneous. An increase of the external normal pressure leads to the transition of the film to a solidlike state. This is manifested in a decrease of the diffusion constant, in the behavior of velocity autocorrelation function of liquid molecules and average friction force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient method of synthesis of fused heterocyclic systems, involving cyclization of the reaction products of 2-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with triphosgene, chloroacetyl chloride, and oxalyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 in carbon disulfide or dichloroethane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have synthesized 1,3,3-tri(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-1-one (5) catalyzed by pure citrus lemon juice via direct alkylation reaction of indole (4) with chalcone (3) in an eco-friendly manner. The key synthon, alkylated indole (5) on treatment with carbon disulfide in an alkaline medium afforded the required oxoketene gem-dithiol (6). Treatment of the substrate (6) with some amines afforded pyrimidine derivatives (8) and/or (10). On subjecting oxoketene gem-dithiol (6) to reaction with phosphorus pentasulfide, it afforded 1,2-dithiole-3-thione derivative (11) as a novel synthesized compound. Cycloaddition reactions of 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (11) with quinones, and/or maleic anhydride in different reaction conditions were applied and furnished 2-(1,1,3-tri(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-thioxoprop-an-2-ylidene)-3a,7a-dihydrobenzo[d] [1,3]dithiole-4,7-dione (13); 2-(1,1,3-tri(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-thioxopropan-2-ylidene)dihydro-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-c]furan-4,6-dione (15); 3-(di (1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-3-(1H-indole-3-carbonothioyl)-2-thioxo-2,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro- benzo[b]thiophene-4,7-dione (16) and 3-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-3-(1H-indole-3-carbono-thioyl)-2-thioxo-2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydronaphtho[2,3-b]thiophene-4,9-dione (18). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low valent organoelement hydrides of tin and lead, [(Ar*SnH)2] and [(Ar*PbH)2], were reacted with diorganocarbodiimide and adamantylisocyanate to give products of hydroelementation reactions. Carbon dioxide also reacts with both low valent hydrides, but a reaction product was only characterized in the tin hydride case. A hydride was transferred to the carbon atom and the formed formate anion [HCO2]− shows coordination at two tin atoms. Carbon disulfide reacts with the stannyl-stannylene isomer of the low valent organotin hydride. The stannyl part forms a Sn–C bond whereas the stannylene moiety coordinates at the two sulfur atoms. The dimeric organolead hydride exhibits transfer of both hydride ligands to the carbon atom of CS2 to give a dithiol ligand [CH2S2]2− bridging both organolead units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of NHC-derivative ligands was synthesized from bisbenzimidazole salts as the precursor of N-heterocyclic carbene with chalcogens, carbon disulfide, and phenyl isothiocyanate reagents. These new ligands were used in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in the presence of palladium(II) acetate. Particularly, it was observed a remarkable ligand activity with tellurourea (5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives were synthesized. 4,5-disubsitituted 1,2,4-Triazole compounds 1b-2c were synthesized from 2-(benzylthio) benzimidazole compound a, which was then reacted with (NaH) in dioxane at a temperature of (0-5 C°) to produce the salt of compound a. Then the salt was reacted with ethyl chloro acetate to yield Ethyl 2-(benzylthio) benzimidazole acetate compound b. Compound b was converted to triazole derivatives by two pathways. The first pathway was reacting compound b with semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide and phenylsemicarbazide in DMSO as a solvent to gain compounds 1b-3b, which were then cyclized by refluxed with 2N (NaOH) to yield 1,2,4-triazole derivatives compounds 4b-6b. The second pathway involved the treatment of compound b with hydrazine hydrate to produce N-acetohydrazide-2-(benzyl thio) benzimidazole c. Compound c was refluxed with carbon disulfide (CS2) in KOH alcoholic solution to obtain the salt compound 1c. The salt was treated with hydrazine hydrate to yield 1,2,4-triazole derivative compound 2c. The newly synthesized compounds b-2c were identified by FTIR, ¹H-NMR and 13C-NMR and their physical properties were measured. Furthermore, their anti-microbial activities were tested against two Grampositive and two Gram-negative bacteria and against one strain of fungi. Also, some of these synthesized compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one-pot reaction of tetra-substituted cyclopropyl benzyl bromide with tris(trimethylsilyl)methyllithium (TsiLi) and carbon disulfide resulted in 3-(4-((((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)thio)methyl)phenyl)cyclopropane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile (3) and 3-(4-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)phenyl)cyclopropane-1,2-dicarbonitrile (4) in excellent yield. The reaction in the absence of carbon disulfide yielded 3-(4-(2,2,2-tris(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)phenyl)cyclopropane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile (5) in excellent yield at 0°C to room temperature. All structures were characterised by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The reaction mechanisms are discussed. A new strategy to synthesise new cyclopropane compounds with organosilicon functional groups at different temperatures and under different conditions leads to various new compounds. A discussion about the different reaction mechanisms and obtained products (characterised by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies) is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, multicomponent reactions with inorganic and organic sulfur compounds as one of reactants have achieved a remarkable development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the multicomponent reactions involving sulfur components, which include elemental sulfur, sodium metabisulfite, sodium hyposulfite, potassium pyrosulfite, DABSO, sodium sulfide, thiocyanate, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide and other divalent, tetravalent and hexavalent organosulfur compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrazide obtained from furan‐2(3H)‐one integrated with a quinolin‐2(1H)‐one core reported previously by our research group was utilized as a building block synthon to obtain some pyrrolone, pyridazinone, oxadiazole, and triazole derivatives through treating with some carbon electrophilic reagents, for example, chloroacetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, acetic anhydride, carbon disulfide, 3,4‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde, and 2‐oxoquinolin‐3‐carbaldehyde to achieve the target heterocycles. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated as immunomodulator against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8). The compounds 1, 11, and 17 displayed the highest potency (100% protection). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) is extensively used as herbicide against annual and perennial weeds. In the present study, we report a new colorimetric method for the estimation of glyphosate which is based on formation of copper dithiocarbamic acid complex from glyphosate. Glyphosate formed yellow colored complex (λmax = 372 nm) when it was reacted with carbon disulfide (CS2) and copper(II)nitrate in alkaline medium. Using Box–Behnken design (BBD), glyphosate, CS2, copper(II) nitrate, and reaction time were found to influence the absorbance at 372 nm significantly (p < 0.05). The quadratic model developed for the absorbance at 372 nm fitted well to the data (p < 0.0001, F = 21.62, R2= 0.96, adjusted R2= 0.92, predicted R2= 0.75). The optimum concentration of glyphosate, CS2, copper (II) nitrate, and reaction time for maximum absorbance were found to be 500 µg/mL, 1.0% (v/v), 150 µg/mL, and 60 min, respectively. The predicted value of absorbance at 372 nm (0.450) agreed fairly well with the actual value of 0.480. The proposed method obeyed Beer's law up to 500 µg/mL and showed limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 28.9 and 96.4 µg/mL, respectively, with R2of 0.9947. Glycine, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), cultivation medium components, and soil extract did not interfere in the color complex formation. Using the method, under shake flask conditions, a bacterial isolate Stenotrophomonas maltophilia GP-1 exhibited biodegradation efficiency of 84% after 100 h suggesting that the above method is suitable for study of biodegradation of glyphosate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrazide obtained from furan‐2(3H)‐one integrated with a quinolin‐2(1H)‐one core reported previously by our research group was utilized as a building block synthon to obtain some pyrrolone, pyridazinone, oxadiazole, and triazole derivatives through treating with some carbon electrophilic reagents, for example, chloroacetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, acetic anhydride, carbon disulfide, 3,4‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde, and 2‐oxoquinolin‐3‐carbaldehyde to achieve the target heterocycles. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated as immunomodulator against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8). The compounds 1, 11, and 17 displayed the highest potency (100% protection). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacuum UV (VUV) photo-dissociation for a liquid phase organic compound, carbon disulfide (CS2), has been investigated. 172 nm (7.2 eV) VUV photons from Xe2* excimers in a microcavity plasma lamp irradiated free-standing liquid droplets on Si substrate in each a nitrogen environment and an atmospheric air environment. Selective and rapid dissociation of CS2 into C-C, C-S or C-O-S based fragments was observed in the different gas environments during the reaction. Thin-layered polymeric microdeposites have been identified by characterization with a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This novel photo-process from the flat VUV microplasma lamp introduces another pathway of low-temperature organic (or synthetic) conversion for large area deposition. The in-situ, selective conversion of various organic precursors can be potentially used in optoelectronics and nanotechnology applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 4‐aryl‐2‐imino‐1,3‐dithiolanes was synthesized by means of a straightforward strategy starting from readily available precursors: reactions of dithiocarbamates and arylsulfonium salts, at room temperature in water/CH2Cl2 as biphasic medium, afforded the five‐membered cyclic products in good yields. The reaction mechanism was investigated by DFT calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Stokes shift found by Hausser et al. in diphenylpolyenes, which increases by lengthening its polyene chain, has received in the last 80 years a series of explanations, which we believe are not satisfactory. In this current work, using of CS2 as solvent for the fluorescence measurements of 1,6‐diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and 1,8‐diphenyloctatetraene (DPO) against temperature, it is concluded that the Stokes shift, shown by the diphenylpolyenes, is of structural origin and that it disappears from its photophysical behavior if it is possible that these compounds in their ground electronic state adopt a planar molecular structure, from which to initiate their photophysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide are important decomposition products of insulating gas sulfur hexafluoride, and their types and contents are of great significance for the fault diagnosis of SF6 insulated equipment. In this paper, a method of combining ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and least squares fitting is proposed for the quantitative calculation of sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide mixed gases. All three gases have absorption peaks in the ultraviolet band and they overlap with each other which makes it hard to determinate the concentrations of the three gases directly. During the experiment, we found that high concentrations of sulfur dioxide and carbon disulfide interfered with the hydrogen sulfide calculation and the magnitude of this interference was positively correlated with these two gas concentrations. Therefore, we found a modified equation for the correction of hydrogen sulfide. Combined with this equation, accurate quantitative detection of three gases can be achieved. The detection ranges are 0.5–10 parts per million for sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and 10–300 parts per billion for carbon disulfide. This paper provides a simple and efficient detection method, which is convenient for integration into detection equipment and it provides a support method for the diagnosis of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirooxindoles bearing 1,3‐oxathiolane‐2‐thione moiety were synthesized from isatin‐derived propargylic alcohols and carbon disulfide in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU). The spirooxindoles were formed stereoselectively via attack of the alkoxide of propargylic alcohol to carbon disulfide to form xanthate anion and a following 5‐exo‐dig cyclization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has the potential to be used as a climate diagnostic due to its close coupling to the biospheric uptake of CO2 and its role in the formation of stratospheric aerosol. The current understanding of the COS budget, however, lacks COS sources, which have previously been allocated to the tropical ocean. This paper presents a first attempt at global inverse modelling of COS within the 4-dimensional variational data-assimilation system of the TM5 chemistry transport model (TM5-4DVAR) and a comparison of the results with various COS observations. We focus on the global COS budget, including COS production from its precursors carbon disulfide (CS2) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS). To this end, we implemented COS uptake by soil and vegetation from an updated biosphere model (Simple Biosphere Model – SiB4). In the calculation of these fluxes, a fixed atmospheric mole fraction of 500 pmol mol -1 was assumed. We also used new inventories for anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions. The model framework is capable of closing the COS budget by optimizing for missing emissions using NOAA observations in the period 2000–2012. The addition of 432 Gg a -1 (as S equivalents) of COS is required to obtain a good fit with NOAA observations. This missing source shows few year-to-year variations but considerable seasonal variations. We found that the missing sources are likely located in the tropical regions, and an overestimated biospheric sink in the tropics cannot be ruled out due to missing observations in the tropical continental boundary layer. Moreover, high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere require extra COS uptake or reduced emissions. HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) aircraft observations, NOAA airborne profiles from an ongoing monitoring programme and several satellite data sources are used to evaluate the optimized model results. This evaluation indicates that COS mole fractions in the free troposphere remain underestimated after optimization. Assimilation of HIPPO observations slightly improves this model bias, which implies that additional observations are urgently required to constrain sources and sinks of COS. We finally find that the biosphere flux dependency on the surface COS mole fraction (which was not accounted for in this study) may substantially lower the fluxes of the SiB4 biosphere model over strong-uptake regions. Using COS mole fractions from our inversion, the prior biosphere flux reduces from 1053 to 851 Gg a -1 , which is closer to 738 Gg a -1 as was found by. In planned further studies we will implement this biosphere dependency and additionally assimilate satellite data with the aim of better separating the role of the oceans and the biosphere in the global COS budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical studies of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) and bound states are performed for rare gas-carbon disulfide complexes, He-CS2, Ne-CS2, and Ar-CS2. Three two-dimensional intermolecular PESs are constructed from ab initio data points which are calculated at the CCSD(T) level with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set supplemented with bond functions. We find that the three PESs have very similar features and each PES can be characterized by a global T-shaped minimum, two equivalent local linear minima, and the saddle points between them. The T-shaped isomer is energetically more stable than the linear isomer for each complex. The linear isomers, which have not been observed in experiment so far, are predicted from our PESs and further identified by bound state calculations. Moreover, we assign several intermolecular vibrational states for both the T-shaped and linear isomers of the three complexes via the analysis of wave functions. The corresponding vibrational frequencies are calculated from the bound state energies for these assigned states. These frequencies could be helpful for further experimental studies, especially for the linear isomers. We also calculate the rovibrational transition frequencies for the three T-shaped isomers and the pure rotational transition frequencies for the linear isomers, respectively. The accuracy of the PESs is validated by the good agreement between theoretical and experimental results for the rovibrational transition frequencies and spectroscopic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical studies of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) and bound states are performed for rare gas-carbon disulfide complexes, He-CS2, Ne-CS2, and Ar-CS2. Three two-dimensional intermolecular PESs are constructed from ab initio data points which are calculated at the CCSD(T) level with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set supplemented with bond functions. We find that the three PESs have very similar features and each PES can be characterized by a global T-shaped minimum, two equivalent local linear minima, and the saddle points between them. The T-shaped isomer is energetically more stable than the linear isomer for each complex. The linear isomers, which have not been observed in experiment so far, are predicted from our PESs and further identified by bound state calculations. Moreover, we assign several intermolecular vibrational states for both the T-shaped and linear isomers of the three complexes via the analysis of wave functions. The corresponding vibrational frequencies are calculated from the bound state energies for these assigned states. These frequencies could be helpful for further experimental studies, especially for the linear isomers. We also calculate the rovibrational transition frequencies for the three T-shaped isomers and the pure rotational transition frequencies for the linear isomers, respectively. The accuracy of the PESs is validated by the good agreement between theoretical and experimental results for the rovibrational transition frequencies and spectroscopic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently there is a wide variety of collectors used in mineral processing, the xanthates being the most used in sulfides flotation. Unfortunately, it is known that xanthates are not stable compounds and their decomposition generates carbon disulfide (CS2), a substance that is considered toxic. These aspects have motivated the search for collectors that exhibit superior performance without the health, safety and environmental (HSE) concerns associated with xanthates. In this study, the chemical stability of three xanthates of different alkyl groups (sodium ethyl xanthate (SEX), sodium isopropyl xanthate (SIPX) and potassium amyl xanthate (PAX)) was evaluated by UV/Vis spectroscopy, as a function of pH and time. Similarly, the chemical stability of three chelating collectors was evaluated: sodium di-isobutyl dithiophosphinate (SDIBDTPI), benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) and octanohydroxamic acid (OHA). Likewise, the surface tension of their aqueous solutions was measured making use of the Du Noüy method, to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The results showed that the xanthate UV/Vis absorption spectra reflect the presence of a chemical reaction as the pH decreases from 4 to 2.5, which results in the formation of carbon disulfide (CS2). In addition, the generation of CS2 is favored as time elapses and the pH of the solutions decreases from 10 to 6, regardless of the hydrocarbon chain length. Conversely, dithiophosphinate and hydroxamic acids present greater chemical stability, although they form micelles at a certain concentration (CMC), a phenomenon that is not observed with xanthates. By not hydrolyzing, oxidizing, or decomposing into other chemical species, SDIBDTPI, BHA, and OHA may be considered environmentally friendly reagents. In the above context, it is important to promote the adoption of these collectors in mineral processing.

• Refuse aged 1–2 years is more suitable for incineration than refuse aged 3–4 years. • The proportion of fine materials increases with the degree of refuse degradation. • The odor pollution intensity generally decreases with landfill age. A field excavation of refuse with a short-term landfill age from the Qingdao Xiaojianxi municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill was conducted. The physical composition and chemical properties of refuse with landfill ages of 1–4 years were studied, and the emission characteristics of odorous pollutants during the excavation period were monitored. The refuse aged 1–2 years has a higher proportion of combustible material than that the refuse aged 3–4 years, and the volatile content and calorific value in refuse aged 1–2 years were also higher than those in refuse aged 3–4 years, indicating that the refuse with a short-term landfill age was more suitable for incineration than refuse with a long-term landfill age. The pH and available phosphorus (AP) gradually increased with increasing landfill age, while the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and organic matter (OM) decreased. The contents of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and As generally decreased with landfill age, especially in refuse aged 2–4 years, whereas the Cr content showed no significant differences in refuse aged 1–4 years. The main odorous pollutants emitted during the excavation and screening periods were ammonia (NH 3) and carbon disulfide (CS 2), and the odor intensity of excavated refuse aged 1–3 years was higher than that of refuse aged 4 years. Under the condition of a small excavation area and continuous deodorization, the pollution intensity can meet the discharge standards of the factory boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydride‐bridged silylium cation [Et3Si−H−SiEt3]+, stabilized by the weakly coordinating [Me3NB12Cl11]− anion, undergoes, in the presence of excess silane, a series of unexpected consecutive reactions with the valence‐isoelectronic molecules CS2 and CO2. The final products of the reaction with CS2 are methane and the previously unknown [(Et3Si)3S]+ cation. To gain insight into the entire reaction cascade, numerous experiments with varying conditions were performed, intermediate products were intercepted, and their structures were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Besides the [(Et3Si)3S]+ cation as the final product, crystal structures of [(Et3Si)2SMe]+, [Et3SiS(H)Me]+, and [Et3SiOC(H)OSiEt3]+ were obtained. Experimental results combined with supporting quantum‐chemical calculations in the gas phase and solution allow a detailed understanding of the reaction cascade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the first example of semicrystalline poly(thiocarbonate)s from carbon disulfide (CS2) and ethylene oxide (EO), two mass producible low‐cost monomers. Lewis acid/base pairs (LPs) exhibit high activity (EO conversion up to >99%, 8 h) in catalyzing the copolymerization under low Lewis pair/monomer ratio of 1:1500. Oxygen–sulfur exchange reaction (O–S ER) during the copolymerization of CS2 and EO, the generation and mutual copolymerization with COS, CO2, and episulfide, is harnessed to introduce crystallizable segments [SC(O)O and SC(S)S] in the copolymer. The type of Lewis base is found to have a great impact on the chain microstructure and the crystalline properties. The formed copolymers with melting point from 117.7 to 245.3 °C are obtained. The maximum crystallinity is estimated to be 78% based on the powder wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction pattern. This work provides a general method to prepare semicrystalline sulfur‐containing polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthates are widely used in mining industry as collectors for its high affinity towards metal sulfides and precious metal ores. The possibility of using alginate for xanthation has not been explored yet despite the feasibility by the presence of hydroxyl groups alongside the polymeric chains. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the alginate as a matrix for xanthation and its application on heavy metal ions removal. In order to obtain green materials, important pararmeter were explored such as the effect of reaction time (4 – 12 h), type of base (NaOH/KOH) and amount of carbon disulfide (2 – 10%v/v). Xanthated alginates were analyzed by NMR techniques and evidence of β -e limination was detected at 5.45 ppm. Furthermore, the presence of S element was confirmed by EDS mapping technique, while XRD showed a semi-crystalline structure. On the other hand, the chemical shifts of δ(C=S) and ν (C=S) bands were found around 863–805 cm−1 and 662 – 602 cm−1 respectively. Also, a shoulder at 182 ppm is appreciated by NMR in solid state attributed to C S group. According to FESEM analyses, morphology of xanthated alginates is affected by interaction with heavy metal ions. Finally, suitable materials for the removal of heavy metal ions were established at optimum pH values. Unlabelled Image • Reaction time, dosage of CS 2 and counterion effect were evaluated during xanthation. • Evidence of side-products were detected by liquid-state 1H NMR and 13C NMR. • Surface morphologies were studied by FESEM and EDS mapping technique. • Semi - crystalline structures were determined by XRD analysis. • The presence of C S group in alginate was detected by FT - IR and solid-state NMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: New Zealand Pinot noir is gaining increasing attention both in New Zealand and internationally, becoming the second largest grape variety for both plantings and export. Despite the growing furore around this variety, the current coverage of the volatile chemical profile remains limited, with a lack of information on the fermentative sulfur compounds content in New Zealand Pinot noir wines. RESULTS: Thirty‐five Pinot noir wines from three different vintages (i.e. 2016, 2017 and 2018) form five different grape growing regions were analysed for their fermentative sulfur compounds contents. Six fermentative sulfur compounds (i.e. methanethiol, ethanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, methionol and benzothiazol) were detected and measured for the first time in New Zealand Pinot noir wines. Their concentrations were compared against previously measured Pinot noir wines from other countries, and some preliminary evidence about inter‐regional and ageing effects was obtained. CONCLUSION: The present study reports the first survey of the inter‐regional differences in fermentative sulfur compounds contents in 35 New Zealand Pinot noir wines. Preliminary inter‐regional and vintage trends prompt further research on the role of these molecules on this wine variety. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cleaner and greener method of synthesis of 3H-benzothiazole-2-thione is being reported in this communication. In this method, various o-iodoaniline derivatives are reacted with carbon disulfide in the presence of Cs2CO3 and tetramethyl ammonium bromide (TMAB) to give 3H-benzothiazole-2-thione and its derivatives in higher yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain an excellent ZnS-based anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), a designed hierarchical nanostructure formed by ZnS hollow nanorods and uniform nanosheets was synthesized via hydrothermal method in the presence of carboxymethyl chitosan. The nanosheets were composed of amorphous nitrogen doped carbon and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2-NC). Notably, the one-dimensional tubular framework possessed low impedance characteristics. Through the way of combining it with nanosheets which had abundant defects, it could boost the charge transfer and improve the sodium storage performance effectively. When tested as the anode material of SIBs, this ZnS@MoS2-NC composite exhibited excellent cycling and rate performance. Moreover, it was further assembled into sodium-ion full batteries and showed good cyclic stability. This work provides a valuable option for preparing promising SIBs anode materials by combining structural design with multicomponent coordination, which can be extended to other metal sulfide electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the photodissociation dynamics of CS2 in the ultraviolet region using the time-sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. The S(3PJ)+CS(X1Σ+) product channels were observed and identified at four wavelengths of 201.36, 203.10, 204.85 and 206.61 nm. In the measured images of S(3PJ=2,1,0), the vibrational states of the CS(X1Σ+) co-products were partially resolved and the vibrational state distributions were determined. Moreover, the product total kinetic energy releases and the anisotropic parameters were derived. The relatively small anisotropic parameter values indicate that the S(3PJ=2,1,0)+CS(X1Σ+) channels are very likely formed via the indirect predissociation process of CS2. The study of the S(3PJ=2,1,0)+CS(X1Σ+) channels, which come from the spin-orbit coupling dissociation process of CS2, shows that nonadiabatic process plays a role in the ultraviolet photodissociation of CS2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel kind of highly efficient photoanode was constructed with a SbSI/WO3 heterostructurefabricated through two hydrothermal reactions followed by an iodination reaction (WO3 → Sb2S3/WO3 → SbSI/WO3). After optimizing the solvent [carbon disulfide (CS2)] for SbI3, the SbSI(CS2)/WO3 photoanode shows high-density single-crystalline SbSI nanorods growing along the polar [001] direction on WO3 nanoplates, resulting in excellent photocurrent performance (∼2.1 mA cm−2@1.23 V vs. RHE) and an improved photostability. It is evidenced that the higher crystallinity of SbSI has a positive effect on the photostability of the constructed SbSI/WO3 photoanodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrolytic approach to sodium dithiocarbamates based on a microfluidic reactor is proposed for the green synthesis of thiuram disulfides, which are versatile free radical initiators. The electro-oxidation reactions avoid the over-oxidation of sodium dithiocarbamates and the generation of waste salts, which have perplexed the industry for a long time. This microfluidic electrolysis method prevents solid deposition by introducing liquid–liquid Taylor flow into the microchannel, and promotes the synthesis efficiency of thiuram disulfides with the enlargement of the electrode-specific surface area. The highest yield of thiuram disulfide was 88% in the experiment without any oxidation by-products. The Faraday efficiencies of most reactions are higher than 96%, showing the excellent electronic utilization. In addition to improving the environmental friendliness of sodium dithiocarbamate oxidation, the electrosynthesis method helps to create a cyclic technology of thiuram disulfide synthesis via the combination of sodium dithiocarbamate generation in a packed bed reactor. The cyclic technology finally achieved >99% atom utilization in thiuram disulfide synthesis from secondary amines and carbon disulfide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon disulfide, an important sulfur-containing species, has strong absorption lines in the wavelength range of 188 nm to 215 nm. It is difficult to accurately measure the absorption cross sections of carbon disulfide because carbon disulfide will be easily converted into carbon sulfide when it is exposed to ultraviolet light. In this study, the absorption cross sections of carbon disulfide were measured by reducing carbon disulfide conversion. The factors affecting carbon disulfide conversion, including gas flow rate, ultraviolet light intensity, and duration of illumination, were studied to reduce the conversion of carbon disulfide by controlling experimental conditions in the experiment. Finally, the absorption cross sections of carbon disulfide at room temperature and atmospheric pressure were calculated using the absorption spectrum and the carbon disulfide concentration in the absence of carbon disulfide conversion. The wavelengths of 16 absorption peaks on the carbon disulfide absorption cross sections of the vibration change were marked. Carbon disulfide has the maximum absorption cross section of 4.5 × 10–16 cm2/molecule at a wavelength of 198.10 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Experimental investigation of small-scale CS2 (Carbon Disulfide) pool fires. • Measurements of Mass Burning Rate (MBR), flame length, temperature, fire effluents. • CS2 pool fire show a similar pattern of MBR as of hydrocarbons. • MBR of CS2 pool fire lie between 0.0146 to 0.025 kg/m2.s. • SO2 in exhaust crosses its lethal concentration in the initial minutes of burning. This work reports the characteristics of CS 2 pool fires such as Mass Burning Rate (MBR), flame length, flame temperature, concentration of combustion products (CO 2 and SO 2) measured for two pool diameters (d =0.05 m and 0.1 m) in the laboratory scale test setup and with well calibrated instruments. Measurements indicate that the MBR of CS 2 pool fires (d ≤ 0.1 m) is governed mainly by conduction and convection like hydrocarbons and decrease with an increase in diameter. For d =0.05 m the MBR of CS 2 pool fires are 1.5 times higher than gasoline. Due to convection, at d =0.1 m, the MBR of CS 2 pool fire was similar to gasoline but 1.5 times higher than diesel and ethanol. Depending on the background CS 2 flames are invisible (in daylight) and whitish blue (in dark environment) having shorter flames with negligible thermal radiation in comparison to diesel, gasoline and ethanol. Emission measurements revealed that even for a very short duration (60–120 s) burning of CS 2 pool fire produced higher concentration (>200 ppm) of SO 2 as prescribed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for Immediate Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). A correlation among pool diameter, time of burning and concentration of SO 2 is developed, which can be used to assess the fire risks associated with the processing, storage and transportation of CS 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiocarbodihydrazide was synthesized via the reaction between carbon disulfide and hydrazine hydrate using reflux method. Ciprofloxacin was reacted with Thiocarbodihydrazide to synthesize compound [A1] which contains 1,2,4-triazole moiety. Compound [A1] was allowed to react with different aromatic aldehydes; (4-hyderoxy, 3-hydroxy, 4-chloro, 4-Bromo, 4- (N, N)-Di methyl amino and 4-methoxy) benzaldehyde, this reaction gave the Corresponding schiff bases derivatives [A2-A7]. Azetidinone derivatives [A8-A13) were synthesized via the reaction of compounds [A2-A7] with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine as a base. structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by melting points, FTI'R, 1H-NMR and 13C-.NMR techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aromatic thiourea derivatives were synthesized by standard reactions from isothiocyanates in high yield. An efficient one‐pot synthesis of primary amine with carbon disulfide involving the intermediate dithiocarbamate conversion using T3P (propane phosphonic anhydride) to isothiocyanate is reported. Newly synthesized compounds showed excellent luminescence property. Cytotoxic investigation with different human cancer cell lines showed IC50 values varying from of 17 to 40 μM for N‐phenethyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline‐2(1H)‐carbothioamide (SCR172) among other molecules. Increase in Sub G1 population and increased depolarisation of mitochondria were evident in cells treated with SCR172, suggesting its role as a cancer therapeutic agent. This provides a lead structure for further synthetic modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-photon dissociation dynamics of carbon disulfide (CS2) have been studied by using the time-sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. Images of the S (1D2) and S (3P0) photoproducts formed in the CS2 photodissociation are acquired at four photolysis wavelengths from 303 nm to 315 nm. Vibrational states of the CS co-products are partially resolved and identified in the images. The CS (X1Σ+) products are highly vibrationally excited with moderate rotational excitation. The spin–orbit state-specific dissociation dynamics are also investigated by measuring the images of three S (3PJ) spin–orbit states (J=0, 1, and 2) at photolysis wavelength 303.878 nm. The branching ratios of CS (a3Φ)/CS (X1Σg+) are determined to be 0.05 ± 0.02, 0.17 ± 0.04, and 0.26 ± 0.05 for the three spin–orbit states S (3P0), S (3P1), and S (3P2) respectively, implying a strong spin–orbit coupling exists in the dissociation process. The averaged anisotropy parameters β2>0 and β4∼0 suggest that the CS2 molecules undergo a sequential transition 21B2(21Σ+)←11B2(1Δu)←X1Σg+ with the intermediate state 11B2 having a long lifetime, followed by nonadiabatic and spin–orbit couplings to other electronic states and then dissociate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant, long-lived sulphur gas in the atmosphere and a major supplier of sulfur to the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer. The short-lived gas carbon disulfide (CS2) is oxidized to OCS and constitutes a major indirect source to the atmospheric OCS budget. The atmospheric budget of OCS is not well constrained due to a large missing source needed to compensate for substantial evidence that was provided for significantly higher sinks. Oceanic emissions are associated with major uncertainties. Here we provide a first, monthly resolved ocean emission inventory of both gases for the period 2000-2019 (available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4297010)(Lennartz et al., 2020a). Emissions are calculated with a numerical box model (resolution 2.8° × 2.8° at equator, T42 grid) for the surface mixed layer. We find that interannual variability in OCS emissions is smaller than seasonal variability, and is mainly driven by variations in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which influences both photochemical and light-independent production. A comparison with a global database of more than 2500 measurements reveals overall good agreement. Emissions of CS2 constitute a larger sulfur source to the atmosphere than OCS, and equally show interannual variability connected to variability of CDOM. The emission estimate of CS2 is associated with higher uncertainties, as process understanding of the marine cycling of CS2 is incomplete. We encourage the use of the data provided here as input for atmospheric modelling studies to further assess the atmospheric OCS budget and the role of OCS in climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compounds, 3,3′,3″,3′′′-[methylenebis(oxybenzene-5,1,3-triyl)]tetrakis(6,8-diaryl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazepines), were synthesized starting from dimethyl 4-hydroxyisophthalate which was reacted with dibromomethane to obtain tetramethyl 5,5′-[methylenebis(oxy)]di(benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate). The latter was treated with excess hydrazine hydrate, and the resulting tetrahydrazide was converted to tetrakis-1,2,4-triazolyl derivative via cyclization with ethanolic potassium hydroxide, carbon disulfide, and hydrazine hydrate. In the final stage, cyclocondensation with substituted chalcones afforded the target products. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by elemental analyses and FT-IR and NMR spectra, and their antimicrobial activities against some bacterial and fungal strains were estimated by the disc diffusion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinolinyl-substituted five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3-dioxoisoindole, 1,2,4-triazole, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole rings and Schiff bases were synthesized starting from 2-(4-hydroxy-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)acetohydrazide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) are benign lesions of the paranasal sinuses. Similarities between ACPs and nasal polyps have been previously investigated. However, oxidative stress has been implicated but not investigated in terms of the etiology of ACPs. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate oxidative stress in the etiology of ACPs. The study population comprised 93 patients divided into 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 patients with ACPs. Group 2 consisted of 33 patients with nasal septal deviation. Group 3 comprised 30 healthy individuals. Venous blood was taken from all participants, and total thiol, native thiol, disulfide, and ischemic modified albumin (IMA) levels were evaluated. When the values of native thiol (P =.097), disulfide (P =.221), total thiol (P =.140), and IMA (P =.091) were compared, no significant differences were found among the 3 groups. While many studies have been conducted related to nasal pathologies and the role of oxidative stress in their etiologies, our study concluded that oxidative stress plays no role in ACP etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]