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Stegana (Steganina) planiceps sp. nov. (Figure 7) Diagnosis This species is similar to S. cylindrica sp. nov. in the cercus lacking pubescence and the shapes of paramere, can be differentiated from it by having the dorsal projection of gonopods strongly protruded and lacking serrated, minute processes (Figure 7C, D). Description Frons nearly dark brown, lacking minute setulae. Fronto-orbital plate brown. Pedicel yellow; first flagellomere mostly brown. Face dark brown on upper two-thirds, yellow on lower margin. Clypeus brownish medially, yellow laterally. Scutum brown to dark brown medially, brownish yellow laterally. Basisternum yellow. Scutellum dark brown. Wing brown anteriorly, yellowish posteriorly, slightly dark on all crossveins. Fore femur with one row of three or four suberect setae on ventral surface. Abdominal tergites black medially, yellow laterally. Sternites yellow, much broadened, wider than length. Male terminalia: surstylus without prensiseta and minute processes on outer surface (Figure 7A). Tenth sternite strongly broadened (Figure 7B). Hypandrium roundly expanded anteromedially (Figure 7C). Aedeagus round distally in ventral view, lacking pubescence medially (Figure 7C, D). Measurements BL = 2.44 mm in holotype (range in five ♂ and three ♀ paratypes: 1.83–2.46 in ♂, 2.80–3.24 in ♀), ThL = 1.33 mm (1.00– 1.40 in ♂, 1.44–1.52 in ♀), WL = 1.87 mm (1.33–1.84 in ♂, 2.08–2.44 in ♀), WW = 1.07 mm (0.70–0.97 in ♂, 1.00– 1.16 in ♀), arb = 6 / 4 (6–8 / 4–6), avd = 0.71 (0.56–1.38), adf = 1.17 (1.00–1.86), flw = 2.00 (1.57–2.50), FW / HW = 0.48 (0.34–0.47), ch / o = 0.35 (0.19–0.31), prorb = 1.14 (0.60–1.20), rcorb = 0.71 (0.46–1.29), vb = 0.40 (0.30–0.50), dcl = 0.32 (0.25–0.47), presctl = 0.56 (0.40–0.67), sctl = 1.71 (1.67–2.27), sterno = 0.58 (0.43–0.85), orbito = 1.60 (1.50–2.20), dcp = 0.20 (0.13–0.20), sctlp = 1.67 (1.67–2.43), C = 2.91 (1.60–2.53), 4c = 0.73 (0.82–1.42), 4v = 2.27 (1.68–2.19), 5x = 1.50 (1.25–2.13), ac = 22.00 (16.00–26.00), M = 0.82 (0.41–0.67), C3F = 0.71 (0.68–0.82). Type material Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 121266), CHINA: Jiangfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ◦ 41 ′ N, 108 ◦ 52 ′ E, altitude 940 m, 16 May 2005, tussock, MF Xu. Paratypes: one ♂ (SCAU, No. 121267), same data as holotype; four ♂, two ♀ (two ♂ in KIZ; two ♂ and two ♀ in SCAU, Nos. 121268–71), Mount Wuzhi, Hainan, 18 ◦ 48 ′ N, 109 ◦ 19 ′ E, altitude 440 m, 20 April 2007, HZ Cao, T Li; seven ♂, three ♀ (three ♂ in KIZ; four ♂ and three ♀ in SCAU, Nos. 121272–78), Wangtianshu, Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, altitude 570 m, 22–24 April 2007, HW Chen, JJ Gao. Etymology A combination of the Latin words: planus + ceps referring to the gonopods being flat apically. Distribution China (Hainan, Yunnan).

Stegana (Steganina) setivena sp. nov. (Figure 9) Diagnosis This species is similar to S. cylindrica sp. nov. in the some characters of male terminalia, can be differentiated from it by having the surstylus with numerous serrated, minute processes on outer surface (Figure 9B), the dorsal projection of gonopods slightly roundly expanded (Figure 9E, F). Description Frons black, lacking minute setulae. Fronto-orbital plate black above, brownish yellow below. Pedicel yellow; first flagellomere dark brown. Face black on upper two-thirds, yellow on lower margin. Clypeus yellow. Scutum black medially, brownish yellow laterally. Basisternum yellow. Scutellum black basally, yellow distally. Wing brown anteriorly, paler posteriorly, dark brown on all crossveins. Fore femur with one row of three or four suberect setae on ventral surface. Abdominal tergites black. Sternites dark brown, broadened, wider than length. Male terminalia: cercus lacking pubescence (Figure 9A). Surstylus with one prensiseta on apical margin (Figure 9A). Tenth sternite slightly expanded medially (Figure 9C). Hypandrium slightly roundly expanded anteromedially (Figure 9D). Paramere distinctly protruded and with two sensilla (Figure 9C, D). Aedeagus broadened distally, with pubescence anteromedially and sporadic, minute processes (Figure 9D, E). Measurements BL = 3.28 mm in holotype (range in five ♂ and five ♀ paratypes: 2.84–3.32 in ♂, 3.2–3.64 in ♀), ThL = 1.28 mm (1.32–1.68 in ♂, 1.50–1.84 in ♀), WL = 2.64 mm (2.28–2.80 in ♂, 2.36–2.96 in ♀), WW = 1.16 mm (1.00– 1.20 in ♂, 1.00– 1.40 in ♀), arb = 7 / 4 (7–10 / 4–6), avd = 0.83 (0.78–0.90), adf = 1.20 (1.14–1.67), flw = 2.17 (1.71–2.17), FW / HW = 0.42 (0.35–0.47), ch / o = 0.14 (0.15–0.23), prorb = 1.07 (0.89–1.15), rcorb = 0.67 (0.69–1.00), vb = 0.31 (0.36–0.55), dcl = 0.43 (0.24–0.56), presctl = 0.48 (0.45–0.88), sctl = 1.40 (1.65–1.88), sterno = 0.44 (0.42–0.75), orbito = 1.80 (1.43–2.25), dcp = 0.21 (0.14–0.29), sctlp = 2.00 (1.40–2.11), C = 1.76 (1.80–2.03), 4c = 1.23 (1.06–1.28), 4v = 1.90 (1.50–1.92), 5x = 1.20 (1.27–1.82), ac = 18.50 (11.00–18.50), M = 0.40 (0.47–0.64), C3F = 0.79 (0.69–0.82). Type material Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 121295), CHINA: Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, altitude 570 m, 22 April 2007, HW Chen. Paratypes: 15 ♂, three ♀ (three ♂ in KIZ; twelve ♂ and three ♀ in SCAU, Nos 121296–310), Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 570–800 m, 16–24 April 2007, 10 April 2010, HW Chen, JJ Gao, YR Su, L Wang, L Wu, F Zhao; one ♂, one ♀ (SCAU, Nos 121311, 12), Puer, Yunnan, 22 ◦ 47 ′ N, 101 ◦ 02 ′ E, altitude 1264 m, 19 April 2010, L Wang. Etymology A combination of the Latin words: seta and vena, referring to the basal section of R 4+5 and M 1 vena with several setae. Distribution China (Yunnan).

Stegana (Steganina) eurystoma sp. nov. (Figure 3) Diagnosis This species is similar to S. sphaerica sp. nov. in the cercus with dense pubescence and the surstylus lacking prensiseta and serrated, minute processes on outer surface, can be differentiated from it by having the paramere distinctly present and with ca. four sensilla (Figure 3C, D), the dorsal projection of gonopods strong and not pointed apically (Figure 3F), the aedeagal opening flat and with some minute processes on posterior margin (Figure 3C, D). Description Frons brownish, lacking minute setulae. Fronto-orbital plate yellow. Pedicel and first flagellomere mostly brownish. Face dark brown on upper two-thirds, yellow on lower margin. Clypeus brownish medially, yellow laterally. Scutum brown medially, yellow laterally. Basisternum yellow. Scutellum dark brown. Wing brown anteriorly, yellowish posteriorly, dark on all crossveins. Fore femur with one row of three or four suberect setae on ventral surface. Abdominal tergites black medially, yellow laterally. Sternites yellow, much broadened, wider than length. Male terminalia: tenth sternite broadened medially (Figure 3B). Hypandrium roundly expanded anteromedially (Figure 3C). Dorsal projection of gonopods with serrated, minute processes (Figure 3E, F). Aedeagus broadened distally in ventral view, medially with pubescence on anterior margin of opening (Figure 3C, D). Measurements BL = 3.52 mm in holotype (range in three ♂ and three ♀ paratypes: 2.80–3.15 in ♂, 2.96–3.40 in ♀), ThL = 1.24 mm (1.40–1.68 in ♂, 1.48–1.52 in ♀), WL = 2.08 mm (2.16–2.44 in ♂, 2.04–2.28 in ♀), WW = 1.16 mm (0.96–1.04 in ♂, 0.94–1.16 in ♀), arb = 12 / 7 (8–16 / 4–8), avd = 0.70 (0.71–1.29), adf = 1.67 (1.40–2.25), flw = 1.83 (1.50–2.75), FW / HW = 0.35 (0.33–0.41), ch / o = 0.24 (0.11–0.27), prorb = 0.85 (0.67–1.21), rcorb = 0.62 (0.47–0.93), vb = 0.56 (0.24–0.57), dcl = 0.44 (0.42–0.75), presctl = 0.56 (0.61–0.83), sctl = 2.38 (1.88–2.36), sterno = 0.58 (0.50–0.68), orbito = 2.00 (1.40–1.80), dcp = 0.20 (0.19–0.29), sctlp = 2.83 (1.86-3.20), C = 1.87 (1.63–1.97), 4c = 1.20 (1.14–1.35), 4v = 1.84 (1.68–1.96), 5x = 2.14 (1.67–1.89), ac = 15.00 (15.50–16.50), M = 0.60 (0.59–0.74), C3F = 0.71 (0.70–0.77). Type material Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 121181) and paratypes three ♂, three ♀ (one ♂ and one ♀ in KIZ; two ♂ and two ♀ in SCAU, Nos 121182–85), CHINA: Menglun, Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, altitude 700 m, 16–19 April 2007, HW Chen, JJ Gao. Etymology A combination of the Greek words: eurys + stoma referring to the broad aedeagal opening. Distribution China (Yunnan).

Stegana (Steganina) cylindrica sp. nov. (Figure 2) Diagnosis This species is similar to S. cyclophylla Chen and Chen, 2009a from south-western China in the surstylus lacking serrated, minute processes on outer surface and the hypandrium slightly square anteromedially, can be differentiated from it by having the cercus lacking pubescence (Figure 2A), the dorsal projection of gonopods slightly triangularly expanded in ventral view, not curved dorsad (Figure 2F). In S. cyclophylla: the cercus with dense pubescence dorsally (as in Chen and Chen 2009a, fig. 8); the dorsal projection of gonopods slender and strongly curved dorsad (as in Chen and Chen 2009a, fig. 13). Description Frons slightly dark brown, lacking minute setulae. Fronto-orbital plate yellow above, brown below. Pedicel dark brown, yellow medially; first flagellomere dark brown. Face black on upper two-thirds, yellow on lower margin. Clypeus brown medially, yellow laterally. Scutum brown medially, yellow laterally. Basisternum yellow. Scutellum brown to black. Wing brown anteriorly, brownish posteriorly, slightly dark on all crossveins. Fore femur with one row of three or four long, suberect setae on ventral surface. Abdominal tergites brown to dark brown medially, narrowly yellow laterally. Sternites mostly yellow, brown on fifth, slightly wider than length. Male terminalia: Surstylus with one prensiseta apically (Figure 2B). Tenth sternite broadened, with pubescence basolaterally (Figure 2C). Paramere distinctly protruded, with ca. two sensilla (Figure 2D, E). Dorsal projection of gonopods with serrated, minute processes (Figure 2F). Aedeagus nearly cylindric in ventral view, with pubescence medially on opening (Figure 2D). Measurements BL = 2.64 mm in holotype (range one ♂ and one ♀ paratypes: 3.20 in ♂, 2.90 in ♀), ThL = 1.28 mm (1.52 in ♂, 1.31 in ♀), WL = 1.70 mm (1.96 in ♂, 1.90 in ♀), WW = 0.86 mm (1.16 in ♂, 0.97 in ♀), arb = 14 / 8 (15 / 6–8), avd = 0.75 (0.67–0.80), adf = 1.60 (0.86–1.67), flw = 2.40 (1.86–2.50), FW / HW = 0.40 (0.44–0.50), ch / o = 0.22 (0.20–0.25), prorb = 1.20 (1.08–1.33), rcorb = 0.90 (0.45–0.54), vb = 0.29 (0.27–0.37), dcl = 0.39 (0.39–0.41), presctl = 0.50 (0.50–0.65), sctl = 1.53 (2.08–2.17), sterno = 0.52 (0.56–0.57), orbito = 1.60 (1.29–2.00), dcp = 0.19 (0.19–0.22), sctlp = 1.50 (2.13–2.38), C = 1.80 (1.77–1.94), 4c = 1.14 (0.97–1.41), 4v = 1.68 (1.22–2.41), 5x = 1.07 (1.60), ac = 12.50 (15.50–17.50), M = 0.68 (0.45–0.73), C3F = 0.65 (0.69–0.78). Type material Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 121129) and paratypes one ♂, one ♀ (SCAU, Nos 121130, 31), CHINA: Mount Diaoluo, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 ◦ 10 ′ N, 108 ◦ 52 ′ E, altitude 1000 m, 3 December 2003, HW Chen. Etymology From the Greek words: cylindros, referring to the aedeagus being nearly cylindric in lateral view. Distribution China (Hainan)., Published as part of Wang, Le, Gao, Jian-Jun & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2013, Ten new species of the subgenus Steganina (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Stegana) from southern China, pp. 1993-2013 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 47 (29 - 30) on pages 1997-1999, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.763055, http://zenodo.org/record/5197221, {"references":["Chen XP, Chen HW. 2009 a. Four new species of the subgenus Steganina (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from southern China. Ann Zool. 59: 495 - 501."]}

Stegana (Steganina) latigena sp. nov. (Figure 6) Diagnosis This species is similar to S. cyclophylla Chen and Chen, 2009a from south-western China in the shapes of hypandrium and aedeagus, can be differentiated from it by having the cercus lacking pubescence (Figure 6A), the paramere absent or undistinguishable (Figure 6D, E), the dorsal projection of gonopods slightly expanded, but not protruded (Figure 6G). In S. cyclophylla: the cercus with pubescence dorsally, the paramere with ca. 4 sensilla, the dorsal projection of gonopods strongly protruded and curved drosad (as in Chen and Chen 2009a, figs 10–13). Description Frons and fronto-orbital plate nearly black, lacking minute setulae. Pedicel brown; first flagellomere black. Face brown on upper two-thirds, yellow on lower margin. Clypeus yellow. Scutum brown medially, brownish yellow laterally. Katepisternum yellow. Basisternum yellow. Scutellum brown. Wing brown anteriorly, paler posteriorly, dark brown on all crossveins. Fore femur with one row of four suberect setae on ventral surface. Abdominal tergites mostly dark brown. Sternites brown, much broadened, wider than length. Male terminalia: surstylus with serrated, minute processes, lacking prensiseta (Figure 6B). Tenth sternite strongly broadened (Figure 6C). Hypandrium slightly square anteromedially (Figure 6D). Dorsal projection of gonopods with serrated, minute processes (Figure 6F, G). Aedeagus round distally in ventral view, with pubescence medially and apically on opening (Figure 6D, E). Measurements BL = 3.28 mm in holotype (range in three ♂ and five ♀ paratypes: 2.80–3.68 in ♂, 3.20–3.84 in ♀), ThL = 1.70 mm (1.40–1.74 in ♂, 1.68–1.92 in ♀), WL = 3.40 mm (2.08–3.08 in ♂, 2.56–3.16 in ♀), WW = 1.38 mm (1.20–1.40 in ♂, 1.44–1.60 in ♀), arb = 13 / 5 (12–14 / 4–6), avd = 0.77 (0.64–1.43), adf = 2.17 (1.29–1.83), flw = 2.17 (1.72–2.17), FW / HW = 0.37 (0.38–0.47), ch / o = 0.16 (0.14–0.19), prorb = 0.94 (0.92–1.25), rcorb = 0.83 (0.63–0.84), vb = 0.55 (0.31–0.47), dcl = 0.56 (0.33–0.83), presctl = 0.83 (0.55–0.87), sctl = 1.87 (1.33–2.25), sterno = 0.65 (0.34–0.61), orbito = 1.80 (1.50–2.20), dcp = 0.31 (0.16–0.38), sctlp = 2.11 (2.10–2.33), C = 2.09 (1.76–2.22), 4c = 1.16 (1.03–1.30), 4v = 1.79 (1.25–2.00), 5x = 1.29 (1.07–1.78), ac = 22.00 (16.50–22.50), M = 0.47 (0.37–0.56), C3F = 0.71 (0.57–0.76). Type material Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 121207), CHINA: Mount Maoer, Guilin, Guangxi, altitude 700 m, 19 October 2004, HW Chen. Paratypes: five ♂, five ♀ (two ♂ and two ♀ in KIZ; three ♂ and three ♀ in SCAU, Nos. 121208–13), HL Cao, HW Chen, F Xu, XL Zhang, same data as holotype; one ♂, one ♀ (SCAU, Nos. 121214, 15), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 23 ◦ 40 ′ N, 113 ◦ 34 ′ E, altitude 320 m, 3 November 2003, HW Chen; one ♂ (SCAU, No. 121216), Mount Wuliang, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24 ◦ 32 ′ N, 101 ◦ 01 ′ E, altitude 2230 m, 27, 28 July 2006, T Li. Etymology A combination of the Latin words: latus + gena, referring to the broad gena. Distribution China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan).

Stegana (Steganina) hamata sp. nov. (Figure 4) Diagnosis This species is similar to S. angulistrata Wu and Chen, 2010 from south-western China in the cercus lacking pubescence and the shape of gonopods, but can be differentiated from it by having the surstylus lacking serrated, minute processes on outer surface (Figure 4A), the aedeagus sub-basally with vertical process bearing some serrated processes on lateral margins (Figure 4C, D; vp). In S. angulistrata: the surstylus distally with serrated, minute processes on outer surface (as in Wu and Chen 2010, fig. 1); the aedeagus submedially with one irregular row (c.14–16) of serrated processes (as in Wu and Chen 2010, figs 3, 4). Description Frons nearly black, lacking minute setulae. Fronto-orbital plate brownish yellow. Pedicel orange-yellow; first flagellomere mostly black. Face black on upper twothirds, yellow on lower margin. Clypeus yellow. Scutum black medially, dark brown laterally. Basisternum slightly brown. Scutellum dark brown. Wing brown anteriorly, paler posteriorly, slightly dark on all crossveins. Fore femur with one row of three or four suberect setae on ventral surface. Abdominal tergites dark brown to black. Sternites brown, broadened, wider than length. Male terminalia: surstylus with one prensiseta near apical margin (Figure 4A). Tenth sternite slightly vaulted, expanded subbasolaterally (Figure 4B). Hypandrium roundly expanded anteromedially (Figure 4C). Paramere protruded and with one sensillum (Figure 4C, D). Dorsal projection of gonopods slender and strongly curved dorsad, with serrated, minute processes (Figure 4D). Aedeagus broadened distally in ventral view, with serrated, minute processes laterally and pubescence near anterior margin of opening (Figure 4C, D). Measurements BL = 2.60 mm in holotype (range in five ♂ and five ♀ paratypes: 2.48–2.92 in ♂, 2.63–3.32 in ♀), ThL = 1.32 mm (1.12–1.40 in ♂, 1.34–1.52 in ♀), WL = 2.40 mm (1.90–2.24 in ♂, 2.12–2.40 in ♀), WW = 1.20 mm (0.88–1.08 in ♂, 0.92–1.17 in ♀), arb = 10 / 4 (10–13 / 4–6), avd = 0.83 (0.78–0.88), adf = 1.00 (1.00–1.80), flw = 1.83 (2.00–2.50), FW / HW = 0.40 (0.38–0.55), ch / o = 0.22 (0.13–0.27), prorb = 0.80 (0.67–1.29), rcorb = 0.70 (0.45–1.29), vb = 0.50 (0.36–0.71), dcl = (0.33–0.64), presctl = 0.56 (0.36–0.83), sctl = 2.50 (1.71–2.29), sterno = 074 (0.45–0.90), orbito = 1.60 (1.40–2.00), dcp = 0.24 (0.17–0.40), sctlp = 2.50 (2.07–2.67), C = 2.22 (1.59–2.06), 4c = 0.96 (1.13–1.42), 4v = 1.75 (1.46–2.30), 5x = 1.70 (1.11–1.88), ac = 27.00 (14.50–29.00), M = 0.61 (0.50–0.69), C3F = 0.68 (0.67–0.75). Type material Holotype ♂ (SCAU, 121186) and paratypes 11 ♂, 13 ♀ (four ♂ and four ♀ in KIZ; seven ♂ and nine ♀ in SCAU, Nos 121187–202), CHINA: Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, altitude 600–800 m, 17–24 April 2007, HW Chen, JJ Gao, F Zhao. Etymology From the Latin word: hamatus, referring to the dorsal projection of gonopods being hooked. Distribution China (Yunnan).

Wang, Le, Gao, Jian-Jun, Chen, Hong-Wei (2013): Ten new species of the subgenus Steganina (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Stegana) from southern China. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 47 (29-30): 1993-2013, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.763055, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.763055

Stegana (Steganina) dianensis sp. nov. (Figs 7���13) Diagnosis. This species is related to S. montana sp. nov., but clearly distinguishable from the latter by the scutellum and tenth sternite, in this species: scutellum yellow on distal half; tenth sternite not expanded distally (Fig. 9). Description. Male terminalia: Epandrium broadened on posterior margins, wider than 3 / 5 high, pointedly protruded ventrally (Fig. 7). Cercus lacking pubescence (Fig. 7). Surstylus with 8 prensisetae submedially (Fig. 8). Tenth sternite sclerotized and furcated basally (Fig. 9). Paramere with ca. 4���6 sensilla (Figs 10, 11). Aedeagal opening narrow, aperture-like in ventral view (Figs 10, 11). Gonopods slightly roundly protruded, with oval, strong projection dorsomedially (Fig. 13). Measurements. BL = 2.64 mm in holotype (range in 43 paratypes: 2.35���2.90 mm), ThL = 2.03 mm (1.76��� 1.98 mm), WL = 4.20 mm (3.90���4.30 mm), WW = 1.64 mm (1.54���1.68 mm), arb = 6 / 5 (6 / 5���7 / 5), avd = 0.64 (0.64���0.73), adf = 1.38 (1.22���2.38), flw = 1.63 (1.44���1.63), FW/HW = 0.42 (0.42���0.46), ch/o = 0.24 (0.21���0.24), prorb = 0.96 (0.94���0.96), rcorb = 0.68 (0.65���0.67), vb = 0.41 (0.35), dcl = 0.54 (0.39���0.44), presctl = 0.46 (0.41��� 0.47), sctl = 1.25 (1.23���1.41), sterno = 0.92 (0.92���0.93), orbito = 1.67 (1.67 ���2.00), dcp = 0.26 (0.25���0.26), sctlp = 2.09 (2.08���2.10), C = 2.15 (2.11���2.21), 4 c = 1.00 (0.93 ���1.00), 4 v = 1.70 (1.49���1.83), 5 x = 1.70 (1.55���1.77), ac = 9.40 (9.20���9.33), M = 0.47 (0.44���0.55), C 3 F = 0.63 (0.63���0.67). Type material. Holotype 3 (SCAU, No. 120722), CHINA: Mt. Ailao, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24 �� 32 ' N, 101 ��01' E, 2450 m, 1���3.viii. 2006, HZ Cao. Paratypes: CHINA: 43 (23 in KIZ; 23 in SCAU, Nos 120723, 24), same data as holotype; 13, Samage, Weixi, Yunnan, 27 �� 22 ' N, 99 �� 51 ' E, 1900 m, 27.vii. 2004, HW Chen (SCAU, No. 120725). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. In reference to the shortened form of Yunnan province of the type locality., Published as part of Chen, Xi-Peng & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2012, Ten new species of the Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from China, pp. 24-37 in Zootaxa 3333 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215439

Stegana (Steganina) tentaculifera sp. nov. (Figs 35���40) Diagnosis. Aedeagus with 2 rows of serrated, minute processes on ventral surface (Fig. 39), and sparse, serrated, minute processes on dorsal surface (Fig. 40). Description. Male terminalia: Epandrium holistically broadened, wider than 3 / 5 high, roundly protruded ventrally (Fig. 35). Cercus with dense pubescence dorsally (Fig. 35). Surstylus with 6 prensisetae submedially (Fig. 36). Tenth sternite slightly protruded basolaterally (Fig. 37). Paramere with ca. 5 sensilla (Figs 38, 39). Aedeagus with globular projections bearing finely serrated processes basally, slightly round on opening in ventral view (Figs 38, 39). Gonopods round apically, not protruded dorsomedially (Fig. 40). Measurements. BL = 3.18 mm in holotype (range in 33 paratypes: 2.88���3.21 mm), ThL = 1.94 mm (1.90��� 2.10 mm), WL = 3.65 mm (3.32���3.77 mm), WW = 1.58 mm (1.52���1.66 mm), arb = 9 / 6 (8���9 / 6), avd = 0.75 (0.67��� 0.83), adf = 1.63 (1.65���1.86), flw = 1.75 (1.63���1.84), FW/HW = 0.40 (0.39���0.40), ch/o = 0.20 (0.19���0.20), prorb = 1.16 (1.15���1.25), rcorb = 0.63 (0.58���0.67), vb = 0.40 (0.36���0.40), dcl = 0.36 (0.38���0.55), presctl = 0.47 (0.43��� 0.63), sctl = 1.25 (1.21���1.53), sterno = 0.86 (0.81���0.92), orbito = 2.05 (1.75 ���2.00), dcp = 0.17 (0.17���0.19), sctlp = 1.62 (1.53���1.84), C = 2.12 (1.76���2.25), 4 c = 1.11 (1.10���1.21), 4 v = 1.86 (1.74���2.23), 5 x = 1.27 (1.23���1.60), ac = 10.25 (9.15 ���12.00), M = 0.51 (0.42���0.58), C 3 F = 0.71 (0.63���0.74). Type material. Holotype 3 (SCAU, No. 120770), CHINA: Shennongjia, Hubei, 31 ˚ 49 ���N, 109 ˚ 41 ���E, 1900 m, 1���3.viii. 2005, HW Chen. Paratypes: CHINA: 33 (SCAU, Nos 120771 - 73), same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Hubei). Etymology. A combination of the Latin word tentaculum (= fine processus) and the Greek word ferein (= to bear), referring to the aedeagus with tentacle-like setae apically., Published as part of Chen, Xi-Peng & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2012, Ten new species of the Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from China, pp. 24-37 in Zootaxa 3333 on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215439

Stegana (Steganina) xishuangbanna sp. nov. (Figs 58���64) Diagnosis. This species is related to S. saigusai from Kumamoto, Japan, but clearly distinguishable from the latter by the aedeagus (in S. saigusai: aedeagal opening nearly triangular in ventral view, with longer and even tentaclelike setae). Description. Male terminalia: Epandrium strongly protruded ventrally (Fig. 58). Cercus lacking pubescence (Fig. 58). Surstylus with 5 prensisetae submedially (Fig. 59). Tenth sternite furcated basally, protruded apically (Fig. 60). Paramere with ca. 5���6 sensilla (Figs 61, 62). Aedeagus lacking minute processes, slightly rhombic on opening in ventral view (Figs 61, 62). Dorsomedial projection of gonopods with serrated, minute processes distally (Figs 63, 64). Measurements. BL = 2.40 mm in holotype (range in 23 and 2 �� paratypes: 2.35���2.66 mm in 3, 2.56���2.58 mm in ��), ThL = 1.34 mm (1.28���1.70 mm in 3, 1.84���1.90 mm in ��), WL = 2.63 mm (2.59���3.28 mm in 3, 2.65��� 2.89 mm in ��), WW = 1.12 mm (1.08���1.40 mm in 3, 1.42���1.52 mm in ��), arb = 8 / 6 (7 / 5���9 / 6), avd = 0.83 (0.75��� 0.83), adf = 1.83 (1.50���1.86), flw = 2.00 (1.63���1.75), FW/HW = 0.43 (0.43���0.44), ch/o = 0.21 (0.20���0.26), prorb = 1.08 (1.07���1.08), rcorb = 0.83 (0.75���0.80), vb = 0.36 (0.38���0.42), dcl = 0.50 (0.46���0.52), presctl = 0.51 (0.54��� 0.62), sctl = 1.20 (1.15���1.36), sterno = 0.79 (0.83), orbito = 2.00 (2.00��� 2.25), dcp = 0.22 (0.18���0.21), sctlp = 1.70 (1.75 ���2.00), C = 2.24 (1.79���2.13), 4 c = 0.97 (1.09���1.27), 4 v = 1.63 (1.50���1.86), 5 x = 1.50 (1.55���1.70), ac = 7.25 (7.00��� 8.25), M = 0.50 (0.47���0.65), C 3 F = 0.84 (0.82���0.88). Type material. Holotype 3 (SCAU, No. 120782), CHINA: Mengyang, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 22 �� 20 ' N, 100 �� 54 ' E, 600 m, 14.ix. 2002, HW Chen. Paratypes: CHINA: 132 �� (SCAU, Nos 120783 - 85), same data as holotype; 33 (SCAU, Nos 120786 - 88), Menglun, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 21 �� 41 N, 101 �� 25 E, 700 m, 17��� 19.iv. 2007, HW Chen, JJ Gao; 33 (KIZ), Mengla, 21 �� 28 ' N, 101 �� 38 ' E, 600 m, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 21��� 24.iv. 2007, HW Chen. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. The specific name means ���dreamy and mystical eden��� in the language of the Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna., Published as part of Chen, Xi-Peng & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2012, Ten new species of the Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from China, pp. 24-37 in Zootaxa 3333 on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215439

Stegana (Steganina) glabra sp. nov. (Figs 14���20) Diagnosis. This species is related to S. ctenaria from Japan, but clearly distinguishable from the latter by the tenth sternite squarely protruded and bearing pubescence apically (Fig. 16). Description. Male terminalia: Epandrium roundly protruded ventrally (Fig. 14). Cercus lacking pubescence (Fig. 14). Surstylus with 7 prensisetae submedially (Fig. 15). Paramere with ca. 5 sensilla (Figs 17, 18). Aedeagus with globular projections bearing finely serrated processes basally, nearly oval on opening in ventral view, protruded apically (Figs 17, 18). Gonopods round apically, not protruded dorsomedially (Figs 19, 20). Measurements. BL = 2.78 mm in holotype (range in 73 and 5 �� paratypes: 2.48���3.48 mm in 3, 2.50���3.84 mm in ��), ThL = 1.84 mm (1.60���2.06 mm in 3, 1.68���2.34 mm in ��), WL = 3.65 mm (3.32���4.05 mm in 3, 3.15���4.35 mm in ��), WW = 1.58 mm (1.42���1.76 mm in 3, 1.34���1.80 mm in ��), arb = 9 / 6 (8���9 / 6), avd = 0.85 (0.67���0.83), adf = 1.63 (1.25 ���2.00), flw = 1.75 (1.63 ���2.00), FW/HW = 0.47 (0.39���0.50), ch/o = 0.24 (0.19���0.25), prorb = 1.06 (1.05���1.25), rcorb = 0.63 (0.58���0.71), vb = 0.47 (0.36���0.47), dcl = 0.39 (0.38���0.55), presctl = 0.53 (0.43���0.63), sctl = 1.36 (1.21���1.53), sterno = 0.85 (0.81���0.92), orbito = 2.25 (1.75 ���2.00), dcp = 0.17 (0.17���0.23), sctlp = 1.62 (1.53���2.11), C = 2.12 (1.79���2.15), 4 c = 1.11 (1.11���1.20), 4 v = 1.86 (1.73���2.13), 5 x = 1.27 (1.20���1.64), ac = 10.25 (9.25 ���12.00), M = 0.51 (0.44���0.56), C 3 F = 0.71 (0.68���0.75). Type material. Holotype 3 (SCAU, No. 120726), CHINA: Mt. Jizu, Binchuan, Yunnan, 26 ˚00' N, 100 ˚ 21 ' E, 1900 m, 20���23.vii. 2006, T Li. Paratypes: CHINA: 535 �� (232 �� in KIZ; 333 �� in SCAU, Nos 120727 - 32), same data as holotype except HL Cao, HZ Cao, T Li; 13 (SCAU, No. 120733), Qiongzhusi, Kunming, Yunnan, 25 ˚02' N, 102 ˚ 43 ' E, 1900 m, 19.vii. 2006, HL Cao; 331 �� (SCAU, Nos 120734 - 37), Mt. Wuliang, Nanjian, Yunnan, 24 ˚ 32 ' N, 101 ˚01' E, 2200 m, 25���27.vii. 2006, HL Cao, HZ Cao, T Li; 2 �� (SCAU, Nos 120738, 39), Mt. Ailao, Jingdong, Yunnan, 2450 m, 31.vii. 2006, T Li; 533 �� (231 �� in KIZ; 332 �� in SCAU, Nos 120740 - 44), Mt. Wuliang, Jingdong, Yunnan, 1800 m, 4.viii. 2006, HL Cao, HZ Cao, T Li; 13 (SCAU, No. 121226), Kuankuoshui, Guizhou, 28 ˚ 14 ' N, 107 ˚ 10 ' E, 1500 m, 11.viii. 2011, YR Su. Distribution. China (Guizhou, Yunnan). Etymology. From the Latin word ���glabrus��� (= smooth), referring to the paramere lacking sensilla., Published as part of Chen, Xi-Peng & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2012, Ten new species of the Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from China, pp. 24-37 in Zootaxa 3333 on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215439

Stegana (Steganina) pianmaensis sp. nov. (Figs 45���50) Diagnosis. This species is related to S. danbaensis sp. nov. in the male terminalia, but in this species: 10 th sternite slightly protruded apicolaterally (Fig. 47); aedeagus lacking serrated, minute processes on dorsal surfaces (Fig. 49). Description. Male terminalia: Epandrium roundly protruded ventrally (Fig. 45). Cercus lacking pubescence (Fig. 45). Surstylus with 8 prensisetae submedially (Fig. 46). Tenth sternite broadened, slightly protruded apico- and basolaterally (Fig. 47). Paramere with ca. 5, 6 sensilla (Figs 48, 49). Aedeagus with globular projections bearing finely serrated processes basally (Figs 48, 49), nearly heart-shaped on opening in ventral view, protruded apically (Fig. 48). Gonopods broadly round apically, not protruded dorsomedially (Fig. 50). Measurements. BL = 2.89 mm in holotype (2.93 mm in 1 �� paratype), ThL = 1.76 mm (1.89 mm), WL = 3.48 mm (3.50 mm), WW = 1.48 mm (1.53 mm), arb = 8 / 6 (8 / 5���6), avd = 0.70 (0.83), adf = 1.43 (1.49), flw = 1.86 (1.86), FW/HW = 0.41 (0.43), ch/o = 0.16 (0.16), prorb = 0.90 (0.84), rcorb = 0.67 (0.65), vb = 0.40 (0.43), dcl = 0.45 (0.46), presctl = 0.50 (0.50), sctl = 1.38 (1.39), sterno = 0.88 (0.88), orbito = 1.80 (1.80), dcp = 0.26 (0.25), sctlp = 2.30 (2.20), C = 2.07 (2.17), 4 c = 1.11 (1.02), 4 v = 1.86 (1.66), 5 x = 1.46 (1.57), ac = 10.25 (10.50), M = 0.51 (0.54), C 3 F = 0.79 (0.68). Type material. Holotype 3 (SCAU, No. 120776), CHINA: Pianma, Baoshan, Yunnan, 26 ˚01���N, 98 ˚ 37 ���E, 1700 m, 12.viii. 2001, HW Chen. Paratype: CHINA: 1 �� (SCAU, No. 120777), same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. In reference to the type locality., Published as part of Chen, Xi-Peng & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2012, Ten new species of the Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from China, pp. 24-37 in Zootaxa 3333 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215439

Stegana (Steganina) montana sp. nov. (Figs 21���27) Diagnosis. This species is related to S. dianensis sp. nov., but clearly distinguishable from the latter by the scutellum and tenth sternite, in this species: scutellum yellow medially, black laterally; tenth sternite expanded distally (Fig. 23). Description. Male terminalia: Epandrium broadened on posterior margins, wider than 3 / 5 high, pointedly protruded ventrally (Fig. 21). Cercus lacking pubescence (Fig. 21). Surstylus with 6 prensisetae submedially (Fig. 22). Tenth sternite furcated basally (Fig. 23). Paramere with ca. 3 sensilla (Figs 24, 25). Aedeagal opening slightly infundibular in ventral view (Figs 24, 25). Gonopods acute apically, with broadened, medially depressed projection dorsomedially (Fig. 27). Measurements. BL = 3.04 mm in holotype (range in 43 and 5 �� paratypes: 2.80���3.20 mm in 3, 2.90���3.25 mm in ��), ThL = 1.85 mm (1.83���1.88 mm in 3, 1.60���1.80 mm in ��), WL = 3.35 mm (3.20���3.50 mm in 3, 3.28��� 3.65 mm in ��), WW = 1.50 mm (1.45���1.50 mm in 3, 1.44���1.45 mm in ��), arb = 9 / 5 (7���9 / 4���5), avd = 0.75 (0.68��� 0.83), adf = 1.78 (1.45���1.64), flw = 1.89 (1.71���1.83), FW/HW = 0.41 (0.40���0.43), ch/o = 0.16 (0.15���0.16), prorb = 1.25 (1.18���1.19), rcorb = 0.75 (0.75���0.88), vb = 0.47 (0.33���0.47), dcl = 0.46 (0.41���0.52), sctl = 1.35 (1.30���1.45), sterno = 0.83 (0.82���0.86), orbito = 1.60 (1.60���1.80), dcp = 0.23 (0.22���0.23), sctlp = 2.11 (1.78 ���2.00), C = 2.00 (1.77���2.09), 4 c = 1.03 (1.06���1.10), 4 v = 1.60 (1.50���1.67), 5 x = 1.60 (1.45���1.67), ac = 12.00 (10.60 ���12.00), M = 0.46 (0.43���0.52), C 3 F = 0.70 (0.71���0.78). Type material. Holotype 3 (SCAU, No. 120745), CHINA: Mt. Wuliang, Nanjian, Yunnan, 2450 m, 25.vii. 2006, HL Cao. Paratypes: CHINA: 1238 �� (333 �� in KIZ; 935 �� in SCAU, Nos 120746 - 59), same data as holotype except 25���28.vii. 2006, HL Cao, HZ Cao, T Li; 632 �� (SCAU, Nos 120760 - 67), Mt. Wuliang, Jingdong, Yunnan, 4.viii. 2006, HL Cao, HZ Cao, T Li; 532 �� (SCAU, No. 121081 - 87), Menghai, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 21 �� 50 ' N, 100 ��08' E, 1940 m, 8.iv. 2011, JM Lu, ZF Shao, YR Su, SJ Yan. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. From the Latin word ���montanus��� (= montaneous), referring to the specimens collected in mountains., Published as part of Chen, Xi-Peng & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2012, Ten new species of the Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from China, pp. 24-37 in Zootaxa 3333 on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215439

Chen, Xi-Peng, Chen, Hong-Wei (2012): Ten new species of the Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from China. Zootaxa 3333: 24-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215439

PURPOSE: To study the effects of percutaneous reconstruction plate internal fixation in the treatment of unstable sacral fractures. METHODS: Percutaneous reconstruction plate internal fixation was applied on 21 cases of unstable sacral fracture (15 males and six females, at age range of 16-65 years, mean 38.3 years) including four cases of Denis Zone I, 14 cases of Zone II and three cases of Zone III. In operation, an arc incision (about 3-5 cm long) was made along the iliac crest on the outside border of posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) on both sides, and then the plate was transported from the wounded side to the opposite one through the subcutaneous tunnel. RESULTS: The mean incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss was 4.3cm, 45.2min, and 160.8ml respectively. All these patients were followed up for 12-33 months (average 16.3 months), which showed no incision infection, intraoperative neurovascular injury, internal fixation loose or breakage, disunion, or obvious lower limb length inequality. The function result was rated as excellent in six cases, good in 12 and fair in 3, with excellence rate of 85.7%, according to the Majeed scoring system. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous reconstruction plate internal fixation is an ideal surgical approach to unstable sacral fractures, as it is easy, safe, causing less trauma and fewer complications, and conducive to quicker recovery. OBJETIVO: Estudar os efeitos da reconstrução percutânea com fixação de placa interna no tratamento de fraturas sacrais instáveis. MÉTODOS: A reconstrução percutânea com fixação de placa interna foi aplicada em 21 casos de fratura sacral instável (15 homens e seis mulheres, com idade variando entre 16 e 65 anos, média de 38,3 anos) incluindo quatro casos de Zona I de Denis, 14 casos de Zona II e três casos de Zona III. No ato operatório, uma incisão arqueada (cerca de 3 a 5cm de comprimento) foi feita ao longo da crista ilíaca na borda externa da espinha ilíaca supero-posterior (PSIS) em ambos os lados, e então a placa foi transportada do lado da ferida para o lado oposto através do túnel subcutâneo. RESULTADOS: O comprimento médio da incisão, tempo operatório e perda sanguínea intra-operatória foram, respectivamente, 4,3cm, 45,2min e 160,8ml. Todos estes pacientes foram acompanhados por 12 a 33 meses (média 16,3 meses), o que mostrou nenhuma infecção de ferida operatória, lesão neurovascular intraoperatória, perda da fixação interna ou quebra, desunião ou desigualdade nos comprimentos dos membros inferiores. O resultado funcional foi excelente em seis casos, bom em doze e falho em três, com taxa excelente de 85,7%, de acordo com o sistema de escore de Majeed. CONCLUSÃO: Reconstrução percutânea com fixação de placa interna é uma abordagem cirúrgica ideal para fraturas sacrais instáveis, sendo fácil e segura, causando menos trauma e poucas complicações, conduzindo a uma recuperação mais rápida.

Trust negotiation is the process of revealing the certificates and the strategy set of the resource requester and the resource provider with each other, while after negotiation succeeding cache selectively the sequence of revealing the certificates according to the their use ratio and showing directly at the next time, which can save plenty of time costing. This paper makes a split of the negotiation process to many steps and cache part in order to improve the whole performance. Via the mixed static game theory to construct the model of the caching sequence, using the ratio as a label, simulate the situation of part of caching sequence, and then analyze to obtain the measure of optimal performance of the system via adjust the use ratio of certificates. At last, the simulation software, Gambit, checks the correctness of the model of the game theory.

Wang, Jian-Qin, Gao, Jian-Jun, Chen, Hong-Wei (2011): Stegana castanea species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from the Oriental region. Journal of Natural History 45 (9-10): 505-519, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.534239, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.534239

Stegana (Steganina) langufoliacea sp. nov. (Figs 16���22) Diagnosis. This species is very similar to S. acantha sp. nov. in the characters of male terminalia, but can be differentiated from it by having the articulating-to-aedeagus plate weakly sclerotized, lacking serrate processes (Figs 19, 20), the aedeagus bifurcated form medial portion: ventral part not divided: dorsal part laterally with several serrate processes, apically roundly convex in ventral view (Figs 19, 20). Description. Male: Pedicel almost black, yellow medially. Mesonotum black, with yellowish brown patches posteolaterally. Basisternum black. Scutellum black, pale at tip. Fore femur distally with 6 thick setae on anteroventral. All abdominal sternites brown, 2.5 times as broad as wide. Male terminalia: Epandrium with approximately 19 setae near posterior margin on each body-side (Fig. 16). Hypandrium slightly concave anteromedially (Fig. 19). Aedeagus slightly sclerotized (Figs 19, 20). Gonopods strongly sclerotized, apically round and slightly curved dorsad, with numerous, minute serrate processes (Figs 21, 22). Measurements. BL = 4.16 mm in the holotype (4.15 mm in 13 paratype), THL = 1.86 mm (2.09 mm), WL = 3.12 mm (3.03 mm), WW = 1.60 mm (1.56 mm), arb = 9 / 4 (8 / 4), avd = 0.58 (0.55), adf = 1.20 (1.10), flw = 1.50 (1.40), FW/HW = 0.33 (0.42), ch/o = 0.27 (0.29), prorb = 1.20 (damaged), rcorb = 0.80 (0.72), vb = 0.59 (0.56), dc 1 = 0.36 (0.45), presct 1 = 0.73 (0.45), sct 1 = 1.80 (1.80), sterno = 0.92 (0.91), orbito = 1.50 (1.13), dcp = 0.18 (0.20), sct 1 p = 2.20 (2.00), C = 1.93 (1.93), 4 c = 1.30 (1.19), 4 v = 2.18 (1.68), 5 x = 2.00 (2.00), ac = 21.50 (17.60), M = 0.61 (0.59), C 3 F = 0.82 (0.78). Specimen examined. Holotype: 3 (SCAU, No. 120899), CHINA: Maoershan, Guilin, Guangxi, altitude 700 m, 24.ix. 2006, on tree trunk, JJ Jiang. Paratype: 13 (SCAU, No. 120900), same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Guangxi). Etymology. A combination of the Latin words: langu- and foliacea, referring to the articulating-to-aedeagus plate weakly sclerotized., Published as part of Wu, Liang, Gao, Jian-Jun & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2010, The Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae), pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 2721 on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199891

Stegana (Steganina) angulata Chen & Chen Stegana (Steganina) angulata Chen & Chen, 2009 b: 230. Diagnosis. Lateral hook-lake projections of gonopods with serrate processes along margins; ventral part of aedeagus sclerotized and slick; dorsal part flat on apical margin (Chen & Chen 2009 b, Figs 4, 5). Specimen examined. Holotype 3: MALAYSIA (KPSP): Poring, Sabah, 16.iii. 1999, on tree trunk, MJ Toda. Distribution. Malaysia (Sabah)., Published as part of Wu, Liang, Gao, Jian-Jun & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2010, The Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae), pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 2721 on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199891, {"references":["Chen, X. P. & Chen, H. W. (2009 b). Subgenus Stegana (Steganina) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Malaysia and Australia, with descriptions of five new species. Oriental Insects, 43, 229 - 239."]}

Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa Chen & Aotsuka (Figs 1���3) Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa Chen & Aotsuka, 2004: 2783. Diagnosis. This species is very similar to S. angulata in the lateral hook-lake projections of gonopods with serrate processes along margins, but can be differentiated from it by having the ventral part of aedeagus unsclerotized, with several serrate processes, and the dorsal part convex on the apical margin (Chen & Aotsuka 2004, Fig. 7). Specimen examined. Holotype 3 (SCAU, No. 120879), JAPAN: Tomochi, Kumamoto, 17.viii. 2002, HW Chen. Distribution. Japan (Kyushu)., Published as part of Wu, Liang, Gao, Jian-Jun & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2010, The Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae), pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 2721 on page 49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199891, {"references":["CHEN, H. W. & AOTSUKA, T. (2004) A survey of the genus Stegana Meigen from southern Japan (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Journal of Natural History, 38, 2779 - 2788."]}

Stegana (Steganina) acantha sp. nov. (Figs 4���9) Diagnosis. Articulating-to-aedeagus plate slightly sclerotized, with numerous, minute serrate processes (Figs 6, 7); aedeagus bifurcated from base: ventral part broadened, divided submedolaterally; dorsal part broadened subapically, flat on apical margin (Figs 6, 7). Description. Male and female: Pedicel almost black, yellow medially. Mesonotum dark brown anteriorly, yellowish brown posteriorly. Basisternum brownish in male, black in female. Scutellum dark brown, yellow at tip in male, pale in female. Fore femur distally with 8 thick setae on anteroventral. All abdominal sternites dark brown, twice broad as the wide. Male terminalia: Epandrium with approximately 20 setae near posterior margin on each body-side (Fig. 4). Tenth sternite concave ventrally and laterally, protruded dorsomedially (Fig. 5). Hypandrium anteromedially concave (Fig. 6). Gonopods round and with numerous, minute serrate processes distally (Figs 8, 9). Measurements. BL = 4.15 mm in the holotype (range in 131 ♀ paratypes: 4.10 mm in 3, 4.00 mm in ♀), THL = 2.10 mm (2.13 mm in 3, 2.05 mm in ♀), WL = 2.97 mm (3.06 mm in 3, 2.88 mm in ♀), WW = 1.50 mm (1.50 mm in 3, 1.50 mm in ♀), arb = 10 / 5 (8 / 5���9 / 5), avd = 0.64 (0.50���0.58), adf = 1.57 (1.09���1.56), flw = 2.14 (1.45��� 1.67), FW/HW = 0.34 (0.37���0.41), ch/o = 0.19 (0.18���0.25), prorb = 0.94 (1.00��� 1.23), rcorb = 0.71 (0.71���0.78), vb = 0.44 (0.39���0.44), dc 1 = 0.55 (0.48���0.55), presct 1 = 0.50 (0.32���0.71), sct 1 = 1.67 (1.52), sterno = 0.97 (0.82��� 0.88), orbito = 1.82 (1.67���1.86), dcp = 0.20 (0.21���0.22), sct 1 p = 2.08 (2.30���3.13), C = 1.86 (2.00��� 2.03), 4 c = 1.33 (1.16���1.18), 4 v = 2.05 (1.72���1.82), 5 x = 1.30 (1.14���1.30), ac = 18.70 (16.00��� 18.70), M = 0.62 (0.32���0.52), C 3 F = 0.83 (0.74���0.78). Specimen examined. Holotype: 3 (SCAU, No. 120880), CHINA: Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 �� 10 ��� N, 108 �� 52 ��� E, altitude 800 m, 3.xii. 2003, on tree trunk, HW Chen. Paratypes: CHINA: 131 ♀ (SCAU, Nos 120881, 82), same data as holotype; 131 ♀ (SCAU, Nos 120991, 92), Wuzhishan, Hainan, 18 �� 20 'N, 109 �� 22 'E, altitude 550m, 20.iv. 2007, on tree trunks, HZ Cao, Li. Distribution. China (Hainan). Etymology. From the Greek word: acantha, referring to the articulating-to-aedeagus plate with minute serrate processes distally., Published as part of Wu, Liang, Gao, Jian-Jun & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2010, The Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae), pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 2721 on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199891

Stegana (Steganina) otocondyloda sp. nov. (Figs 23���28) Diagnosis. This species is very similar to S. (S.) ancistrophylla sp. nov. in the characters of male terminalia, but can be differentiated from it by having the tenth sternite deeply bilobed ventrally, narrowing basolaterally, curved dorsad on distal approximately 1 / 3 (Fig. 24), the gonopods slightly protruded apically in ventral view (Figs 27, 28), and the aedeagal opening (gonopore) slightly round in ventral view (Fig. 25). Description. Male and female: Pedicel almost yellow. Mesonotum black medially, yellowish brown laterally. Basisternum brown. Scutellum black medially, yellow at tip and basal corners. Fore femur distally with 7���8 thick setae on anteroventral surface. All abdominal sternites brown, 1.8 times as broad as wide. Male terminalia: Epandrium with approximately 21 setae near posterior to ventral margin on each body-side (Fig. 23). Hypandrium round anteromedially (Fig. 25). Articulating-toaedeagus plate strongly sclerotized, with several serrate processes distally (Figs 25, 26). Gonopods strongly sclerotized, apically slightly curved dorsad, laterally curved anteriod, with numerous, minute serrate processes distally and 1 process submedially on each side (Figs 27, 28). Measurements. BL = 3.44 mm in the holotype (range in 2331 ♀ paratypes: 3.80���3.90 mm in 33, 3.90 mm in ♀), THL = 2.05 mm (1.94���2.18 mm in 33, 2.08 mm in ♀), WL = 3.10 mm (3.10���3.30 mm in 33, 3.08 mm in ♀), WW = 1.60 mm (1.60���1.75 mm in 33, 1.48 mm in ♀), arb = 9 / 6 (7 / 5���10 / 6), avd = 0.83 (0.73���0.83), adf = 1.20 (1.22���1.50), flw = 1.60 (1.44���1.88), FW/HW = 0.38 (0.43���0.44), ch/o = 0.24 (0.19���0.27), prorb = 1.15 (1.06��� 1.73), rcorb = 0.50 (0.75), vb = 0.43 (0.43���0.47), dc 1 = 0.54 (0.53���0.58), presct 1 = 0.71 (0.59���0.74), sct 1 = 1.65 (1.60), sterno = 0.96 (0.79���0.81), orbito = 1.38 (1.67), dcp = 0.16 (0.20���0.24), sct 1 p = 1.92 (1.77���2.40), C = 1.93 (1.74���1.75), 4 c = 1.10 (1.19���1.20), 4 v = 1.75 (1.86 ���2.00), 5 x = 1.62 (1.43���1.57), ac = 17.30 (18.40���21.50), M = 0.53 (055), C 3 F = 0.82 (0.79���0.83). Specimen examined. Holotype: 3 (SCAU, No. 120901), CHINA: Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 21 �� 28 ��� N, 101 �� 38 ��� E, alt. 600 m, 10���12.ix. 2002, on tree trunk, HW Chen. Paratypes: 2331 ♀ (SCAU, Nos 120902 -04), same data as holotype; 333 (KIZ), same data as holotype except for 22-24.iv. 2007, on tree trunks, JJ Gao, F Zhao; 3332 ♀♀ (SCAU, Nos 120993 - 97), Menglun, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 16-19.iv. 2007, on tree trunks, HW Chen, JJ Gao, F Zhao. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. A combination of the Greek words: oto- and condyloda, referring to the gonopod with processes posteromedially., Published as part of Wu, Liang, Gao, Jian-Jun & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2010, The Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae), pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 2721 on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199891

Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group Diagnosis. Articulating-to-aedeagus plate aedeagus developed, bifurcated, separated from hypandrium and mostly sclerotized (Figs 6, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20, 25, 26). Description. Male: Eyes red. Ocellar triangle black, with a pair of small setae above ocellar setae. Postvertical setae slightly behind vertex ridge. Frons and face rectangular in profile. Frons black, with sporadic minute setulae. Fronto-orbital plate brownish yellow above, black below. Proclinate orbital setae distinctly nearer to ptilinal fissure than to inner vertical setae. First flagellomere black. Face brown on upper 2 / 3, yellow on lower margin, broadened ventrally; facial carina narrow and developed on upper part like as in Stegana (Steganina) nigrifrons de Meijere, 1991 (Okada 1971, Figs 7, 8). Clypeus dark brown medially, yellow laterally. Palpus yellow, with 4���5 longer setae distally and several shorter setae basally. Gena yellow, broad (ch/o ��� 0.15). Vibrissa prominent; other orals small. Occiput brown. Scutum flat, brownish yellow, white-yellow on prothorax. Postpronotal lobe white-yellow, with 1��� 2 longer and a few small setae. Prescutellar setae 1 pair. Acrostichal setulae in approximately 10 irregular rows. Pleura with 1 black longitudinal stripe above (running from propleuron to base of halter). Katepisternum usually entirely white. Basisternum brown to black. Scutellum usually black, yellow at tip; basal scutellar setae divergent; apical scutellars cruciate. Wing brown anteriorly, paler posteriorly, not paler at tip. Basal medial-cubital crossvein present; C 1 setae 2, less differentiated. Costal vein with 6���8 minute spinules on ventral surface between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. R 2 + 3 markedly curved to costa at tip; R 4 + 5 and M 1 convergent distally. Halter grey-brown basally, white distally. Legs white to yellowish, dark brown at fore knee, distal 1 / 2 of mid and hind femora and basal 1 / 2 of mid and hind tibiae. Fore femur with 1 row of 4, 5 suberect setae on posterior surface and 1 row of 5 suberect setae on ventral surface. Apical seta present on mid tibia. Preapical dorsal setae present on all tibiae. Mid tibia with 5 strong, suberect setae on basal part of dorsal surface. Mid and hind tarsomeres with 2 and 1 rows of minute cuneiform setulae on anteroventral surface, respectively; fore and hind first tarsomeres slightly shorter than the rest combined; mid first tarsomere longer than the rest combined. Abdominal tergites nearly entirely black; sternites broadened, wider than long. Male terminalia: Epandrium pubescent except for anterior and ventral margins, with dense setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion of each body-side (Figs 4, 10, 16, 23). Cercus setigerous and pubescent (Figs 4, 10, 16, 23). Surstylus separated from epandrium, with numerous serrate processes on basal 3 / 4, one small prensiseta (but absent in S. otocondyloda sp. nov.) and numerous setae on distal 1 / 4, lacking pubescence (Figs 4, 9, 16, 17, 23). Tenth sternite connected with surstyli basolaterally. Hypandrium broadened on anterior margin, sometimes concaved medially (Figs 6, 12, 19, 25). Paramere absent. Gonopods strongly sclerotized, with serrate processes distally (Figs 8, 9, 14, 15, 21, 22, 27, 28). Aedeagus developed, basally fused to aedeagal apodeme (Figs 6, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20, 25, 26); apodeme usually strong (Figs 6, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20, 25, 26). Remarks. In the subgenus Steganina, usually paramere is small, and fused with hypandrium; sometimes undistinguishable or absent. The paramere of S. biprotrusa is changed to ���articulating plate of aedeagus��� based on the following two characters: lack setulae; separated from hypandrium, but fused to aedeagal apodeme., Published as part of Wu, Liang, Gao, Jian-Jun & Chen, Hong-Wei, 2010, The Stegana (Steganina) biprotrusa species group from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae), pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 2721 on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199891, {"references":["Okada T. (1971) A revision and taxometric analysis of the genus Stegana Meigen of Japan and adjacent countries (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Mushi, 45, 81 - 99."]}

Cao, Hui-Luo, Toda, Masanori J., Chen, Hong-Wei (2007): Four new species of the genus Apsiphortica Okada, 1971 (Diptera, Drosophilidae), with supplementary descriptions of two known species. Journal of Natural History 41 (41-44): 2707-2718, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701633638, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701633638

Chen, Hong-Wei (2007): Two new species of the subgenus Cacoxenus (Nankangomyia) from the Oriental Region (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (41-44): 2701-2706, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701633596, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701633596

Chen, Hong-Wei, Watabe, Hideaki, Zhang, Wen-Xia (2007): A new subgenus Parastegana (Allstegana) (Diptera, Drosophilidae), with descriptions of two new species from South China. Journal of Natural History 41 (37-40): 2403-2410, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701633612, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701633612