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Stylogaster planitarsis sp. nov. (Figs 18���32) Diagnosis��� Facial keel subtriangular; ocellar tubercle prominent; mid trochanter with a set of long black setae; mid tarsomeres 2 to 4 flattened and covered with dense black setae; male with sternite 5 with sclerotized posterior margin and laterally grouped setae, bilobate pregonite, and sperm duct longer than the whole abdomen; female with lateral lobes of sternite 8 curved and crossing at the apex. Male Description Head ���Frons brown; facial keel with subtriangular shape (Fig. 18); facial keel, orbit and gena with silver microtomentum; ocellar triangle yellowish; apex of ocellar triangle rounded, reaching the lunule; ocellar tubercle brown and prominent; head setae are: 1 vertical; 1 ocellar; 2 differentiated occipital; 2 frontal; 4 orbital (Fig. 19); occipital and genal setae white; prementum black with yellow filiform labella; scape and pedicel yellow; postpedicel light brown; scape with tiny setulae on the superior apical margin; pedicel with setulae on the apical two thirds; pedicel and postpedicel of subequal size; arista with enlarged base (Fig. 18). Thorax ���Postpronotum and notopleuron well distinct from the thorax (Fig. 20); pleural sclerites yellow, except the brown katepisternum and anepisternum; anepisternum thick; scutum brown; postalar callus and scutellum narrow; postscutellum similar in size to scutellum; 1 white proepisternal seta; all other setae are black: 1 postpronotal, 1 notopleural, 2 supra-alar, 2 postalar, 1 dorsocentral, 1 scutellar and 1 anepimeral seta; fore and mid legs yellow; fore and mid coxae with long white setae; fore femur flattened; white setulae in fore and mid tibiae, and in the two basal tarsomeres of fore and mid legs; mid trochanter with a dense set of long black setae (Fig. 21); mid tibiae with PLATE 5. Stylogaster planitarsis Rocha & Mello-Patiu sp. nov., male. Fig. 18: head, left lateral view. Fig. 19: head, dorsal view. Fig. 20: thorax, dorsal view. Fig. 21: mid trochanter, left lateral view; Fig. 22: mid tarsus, left lateral view. PLATE 6. Stylogaster planitarsis Rocha & Mello-Patiu sp. nov., male. Fig. 23: wing, dorsal view; Fig. 24: fifth sternite, ventral view. Fig. 25: terminalia, left lateral view. Fig. 26: ejaculatory apodeme, left lateral view; Fig. 27: terminalia, left lateral view [ce: cercus; ph: phallus; ej apd: ejaculatory apodeme; sp dct: sperm duct; hpd: hypandrium; epd: epandrium; pgt: pregonite; su: posterior surstylus; stg: syntergosternite]. PLATE 7. Stylogaster planitarsis Rocha & Mello-Patiu sp. nov., female. Fig. 28: ���ovipositor���, left lateral view. Fig. 29: terminalia, left lateral view. Fig. 30: terminalia, dorsal view. Fig. 31: terminalia, ventral view. Fig. 32: egg, left laterodorsal view [ce: cercus; ll: lateral lobes of sternite 8; hyp: hypoproct; st: sternite; T: tergite]. two white spurs; mid basitarsus with a row of differentiated white setae; mid tarsomeres 2���4 flattened and densely covered with black setae (Fig. 22); hind leg brown, with an apical, a median, and a basal yellow strip on the femur and a median yellow strip on the tibia; hind coxa with black setae; hind femur with long black setae on the basal third; hind tibia with a black spur; halter brown with basally enlarged stem, oval and elongated knob; wing with a basal seta; crossvein between Sc and R 1 apparent; cell bm straight; R 4 + 5 and M 1 + 2 veins joining away from the costa (Fig. 23). Abdomen ���Abdominal tergites brown, with laterobasal faces yellow; tergite 1 with white setae on the sides; tergite 2 with a set of differentiated setae; tergites 3���4 subequal; tergite 5 elongated. Terminalia ���Terminalia mainly yellow; sternite 5 with sclerotized posterior margin, a central indentation, and laterally grouped setulae (Fig. 24); syntergosternite 7 + 8 nearly of the same width of the epandrium, with two pairs of apparent spiracles (Fig. 25); cercus narrower than the posterior surstylus, without hooked apex (Fig. 25, ce); posterior surstylus with black setae on the base and white setae on the anterior lobe; anterior lobe of the posterior surstylus with spines on the internal face; posterior lobe of the posterior surstylus smooth and racket-shaped (Fig. 25, su); pregonite bilobate like the posterior surstylus, reaching the distiphallus, with spines on the internal face of the posterior lobe (Fig. 25, pgt); basiphallus membranous; distiphallus piriform and slightly sclerotized with an oval opening and two filamentous projections (Fig. 25, ph); ejaculatory apodeme smaller than the sperm pump (Fig. 26); sperm duct extremely long, longer than the whole abdomen (Fig. 27). Female Description. Differs from the male by having: Two pairs of notopleural setae; fore and mid coxae with black setae; one mid tibial spur; mid leg without any modifications; hind leg without differentiated setae; ���ovipositor��� longer than the abdomen (Fig. 28); segments VI and VII brown; sternite 8 with a basal white mark (Figs. 29���31); tergites 6 and 7 with dorsal and lateral setae over all extension (Fig. 28); dorsal face of the sternite 8 with a pair of reclinate apical setae (Fig. 30) and ventral face with two pairs of proclinate preapical setae (Fig. 31); ventral apex of syntergosternite 8 + 9 with a ���W��� shaped indentation (Fig. 31); lateral lobes of sternite 8 wider than the cercus, with curved crossing apices (Fig. 31, eg); cercus of about one third the length of the lateral lobes (Fig. 30, ce); hypoproct elongated and narrow. Egg Description. Elongated chorion; two pairs of recurrent spines; spines weakly sclerotized and far from each other (Fig. 32). Etymology. The species name is a reference to the remarkable morphological feature of the mid tarsus, flattened and setose. Distribution. Brazil: Bahia, Pernambuco. Type Material. HOLOTYPE���BRAZIL, Pernambuco, Caruaru, 3, VII- 1972, J. Lima leg. (MNRJ). PARATYPES���BRAZIL, Bahia, Nova Conquista, 3 ��, XII- 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); 233, with same data as holotype (MNRJ)., Published as part of Rocha, Leonardo Silvestre Gomes & Mello-Patiu, C��tia Antunes De, 2012, Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae) from Northeastern Brazil: new records and two new species, pp. 23-36 in Zootaxa 3590 on pages 30-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.283164

Stylogaster hugoi sp. nov. (Figs 6���17) Diagnosis ��� body color mainly yellow; facial carina forming a right angle with the fronto-orbital plate; thick postpronotal lobes; white setae covering the foreleg to second tarsomere; male sternite 5 with central projection and cerci wider than posterior surstyli; female terminalia with lateral lobes as wide as the hypoproct, and small semicircular indentation in sternite 8. Male Description. Head ���Frons mainly brown, with yellow apex; facial carina reaching the fronto-orbital plate in a right angle (Fig. 6); facial carina and gena yellow with golden microtomentum; fronto-orbital plate narrow; prementum black with base and apex yellow; basal sheath of prementum well developed and visible and spiral labella (Fig. 6, bs; lb); ocellar triangle brown; apex of ocellar triangle pointed, reaching the middle of the frons; ocellar tubercle prominent; the head setae are: 1 vertical, 1 ocellar, 1 occipital, 1 frontal and 3 orbital; some setulae near the facial carina (Fig. 7); occipital and genal setae white; scape and pedicel yellow; postpedicel light brown; scape with apical setulae on dorsal face; pedicel with setulae on all dorsal surface; pedicel and postpedicel of subequal size; arista enlarged at the base. Thorax ���Postpronotal lobe thick; proepisternum invaginated; notopleuron as large as the postpronotal lobe, with the suture strongly demarcated; postalar callus narrower than the scutellum (Fig. 8); scutum light brown, yellowish on the margins; scutellum narrow and upwards pointing; postscutellum large, reaching half depth of the thorax; pleural sclerites yellow; proepisternal setae white; all other setae are black: 2 notopleural, 1 supra-alar, 2 postalar, 1 dorsocentral, 2 anepimeral and 1 scutellar seta (Fig. 8). Fore and mid legs yellow; fore coxa with long white fine setae with spiral apices; fore leg coated with white setae to the second tarsomere; tibial spur white; midleg similar to fore leg, but with two tibial spurs; hind coxa and trochanter brown; hind femur yellow with two transversal brown strips near the end; hind tibia brown with a median PLATE 2. Stylogaster hugoi Rocha & Mello-Patiu sp. nov., male. Fig. 6: head, left lateral view. Fig. 7: head, dorsal view. Fig. 8: thorax, dorsal view. Fig. 9: wing, dorsal view. PLATE 3. Stylogaster hugoi Rocha & Mello-Patiu sp. nov., male. Fig. 10: fifth sternite, ventral view. Fig. 11: terminalia, left lateral view. Fig. 12: ejaculatory apodeme and sperm duct, left lateral view [ce: cercus; ph: phallus; ej apd: ejaculatory apodeme; sp dct: sperm duct; hpd: hypandrium; epd: epandrium; pgt: pregonite; su: posterior surstylus; stg: syntergosternite]. PLATE 4. Stylogaster hugoi Rocha & Mello-Patiu sp. nov., female. Fig. 13: ���ovipositor���, left lateral view. Fig. 14: terminalia, left lateral view. Fig. 15: terminalia, dorsal view. Fig. 16: terminalia, ventral view. Fig. 17: egg, left laterodorsal view [ce: cercus; ll: lateral lobes of sternite 8; hyp: hypoproct; st: sternite; T: tergite]. yellow strip; hind coxa with black setae; hind trochanter and femur with long black setae on the ventral face; hind tibia with long black setae on the apical third; halter with light brown stem and brown knob; halter knob enlarged backwards. Wing with one basal alar seta; cell bm straight; A 2 vein absent (Fig. 9). Abdomen ���Abdominal tergites light brown, without the typical dark mark on the posterior margin; tergite 1 narrow, with black and white setae; tergite 2 with transversal line of 4 black setae; tergites 2, 3 and 4 subequal; tergite 5 a little longer than the others; sternites with small setulae. Terminalia ���Terminalia mainly yellow; sternite 5 with central projection and black setulae on the posterior margin (Fig. 10); syntergosternite 7 + 8 with half the width of the epandrium (Fig. 11); cercus wider than posterior surstylus, with a hooked apex and black setae on the posterior margin and basal half of the external side (Fig. 11, ce); posterior surstylus with the anterior lobe smaller than posterior, with black spines on the internal side, and posterior lobe in a right angle with the posterior surstylus, white setae on the posterior margin and on the posterior lobe (Fig. 11, su); pregonite reaching the apex of basiphallus, with dense setae on the internal side (Fig. 11, pgt); phallus pale with brown regions; basiphallus membranous; distiphallus with internal sclerotized channels, chordiform concave opening, and membranous apical projection (Fig. 11, ph); ejaculatory apodeme smaller than the sperm duct, with sperm pump nearly of the same size of the apodeme (Fig. 12). Female Description. Differs from the male by having: Compound eye with ommatidia of the central inner margin more than twice the size of the others; 1 notopleural seta; 2 supra-alars; fore and mid legs with white straight-pointed setae on the coxae; two fore and one mid white tibial spurs; hind tibial spur black; no long setulae on hind leg; abdominal tergite 1 with white setae on inferior half; tergite 2 with other differentiated setae than those of the transversal line; ���ovipositor��� of similar size to the abdomen; tergites 6 and 7 with dorsal setulae (Fig. 13); sternite 8 with setae over all length, and reclinate setae on the apical third (Figs. 14���16); cercus nearly of the same width but with half the length of the lateral lobes of sternite 8 (Fig. 15, ce); lateral lobes of sternite 8 with almost the same size of the hypoproct, without horizontal curvature (Fig. 16, eg); apex of syntergosternite 8 + 9 with a small semicircular indentation (Fig. 16). Egg Description. Elongated chorion; two pairs of sclerotized and united recurrent spines; posterior spine conical (Fig. 17). Etymology. This species is named in honor of the Brazilian dipterist Dr. Hugo de Souza Lopes, who worked with Neotropical Stylogaster and published several works of great quality. Distribution. Brazil: Bahia, Pernambuco. Type Material. HOLOTYPE���BRAZIL, Pernambuco, Caruaru, 3, V- 1972, J. Lima leg. (MNRJ). PARATYPES���BRAZIL, Bahia, Itapetinga, 13 and 1 ��, XI- 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); BRAZIL, Pernambuco, Fazenda Caruaru, 900m, 233 and 1 ��, IV- 1972, M. Alvarenga leg.; 2 females with same data as holotype (MNRJ)., Published as part of Rocha, Leonardo Silvestre Gomes & Mello-Patiu, C��tia Antunes De, 2012, Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae) from Northeastern Brazil: new records and two new species, pp. 23-36 in Zootaxa 3590 on pages 26-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.283164

Stylogaster souzai Monteiro (Figs 1���5) Stylogaster souzai Monteiro, 1960: 111. Type locality: Brazil, Amap��, Mazag��o, ���do Jari ao Vila Nova���. This species was previously known only from Amazonian Forest in the states of Amap�� and Par�� (Monteiro, 1960; Camras & Parrillo, 1985; Camras & Parrillo, 1996). This provides the first record for northeastern Brazil. The female and egg are herein described for the first time. Males with the same collecting data were identified by comparison with the holotype. Male. Diagnosis ���Pedicel longer than the postpedicel; mid tibia with one white spur; two basal setae on wings; tergite 1 with a series of white and black setae; sternite 5 with sparse setulae and a slight indentation on the posterior margin; phallus with two narrow apical membranous projections. Female Description. Ocellar triangle pointed, reaching middle of the frons, frons entirely brown; scutum brown with paler longitudinal strips, anepisternum brown; segments VI and VII yellow with dorsal brown spot; sternite 8 brown with yellow lateral spot; fore tibia with one white spur; no spur on mid tibia; no long setae on inferior face of the hind leg; hind tibial spur black; tergite 1 only with white setae on the inferior half; ���ovipositor��� nearly as long as abdomen; tergites 6 and 7 with setae only on the superior half (Fig. 1); sternite 8 with setulae covering almost all extension (Figs. 2���4), ventral face with one pair of apical reclinate and some differentiated proclinate setae, and a median elevation on its basal half (Fig. 4); cercus narrowed on the base and length not reaching the hypoproct (Fig. 3, ce); lateral lobes of sternite 8 in internal position relative to the lateral sides of syntergostergite, thinner than cerci and reaching half of the hypoproct (Fig. 3, eg); apex of lateral lobes of sternite 8 rounded; apex of ���ovipositor��� with a characteristic indentation (Fig. 4). Egg Description. Elongated chorion, one pair of recurrent spines with more than twice the length of the posterior spine; posterior spine curved and naviform (Fig. 5). Distribution. Brazil: Amap��, Par��, Bahia (new rec.), Cear�� (new rec.), Pernambuco (new rec.). Examined material. BRAZIL: Amap��, Mazag��o, Jari aoVila Nova, 13 (holotype), 1958, Damasceno leg.; Bahia, Encruzilhada, 13, XI- 1972, Seabra & Roppa leg.; Itapetinga, 1533 and 2 ��, XI- 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg.; Nova Conquista, 2733 and 18 ��, XII- 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg.; Cear��, Crato, Serra do Araripe, 2133 and 16 ��, V- 1969, M. Alvarenga leg.; Pernambuco, Caruaru, 13, V- 1972; 13, PE, Caruaru, VI- 1972, J. Lima leg., Published as part of Rocha, Leonardo Silvestre Gomes & Mello-Patiu, C��tia Antunes De, 2012, Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae) from Northeastern Brazil: new records and two new species, pp. 23-36 in Zootaxa 3590 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.283164, {"references":["Monteiro, L. (1960) Insecta Amapaensia. Diptera Conopidae: especies do genero Stylogaster Macquart, 1835. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 58, 103 - 114.","Camras, S. & Parrillo, P. P. (1985) Review of the New World Stylogaster (Diptera Conopidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, 111 - 126.","Camras, S. & Parrillo, P. P. (1996) New Stylogaster and ranges of Conopidae (Diptera) from the Brazilian and Bolivian Amazonia. Acta Amazonica, 25, 221 - 234"]}

Stylogaster macrura Lopes Stylogaster macrura Lopes, 1938: 403. Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão, Eng. Lefèvre, 1200m. This species is known only by females, which can easily be distinguished by the long “ovipositor” which is at least three times as long as the abdomen. It was previously known from only three specimens from municipalities of the São Paulo and Santa Catarina states in the Southeast and South regions of Brazil, respectively (Camras & Parrillo, 1985). In contrast, the new records are from the Caatinga, a much warmer and dryer biome than the previously known records at high altitude subtropical forests with lower average temperature, indicating that the species has a broader distribution and a greater ecological plasticity. The identification was confirmed by comparison with the female holotype. Distribution. Brazil: São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Bahia (new rec.), Pernambuco (new rec.). Examined material. BRAZIL: Bahia, Nova Conquista, 1 Ƥ, XII- 1969, F.M. Oliveira leg.; Pernambuco, Caruaru, 4 Ƥ, V- 1972, J. Lima leg.; 2 Ƥ, VII- 1972, J. Lima leg.; São Paulo, Campos do Jordão, Eng Lefèvre, 1200m, 1 Ƥ (holotype), 28 -II- 1938, Travassos, Oiticica & Travassos Filho leg. PLATE 1. Stylogaster souzai Monteiro, 1960, female. Fig. 1: “ovipositor”, left lateral view. Fig. 2: terminalia, left lateral view. Fig. 3: terminalia, dorsal view. Fig.: 4 terminalia, ventral view. Fig. 5: egg, right laterodorsal view [ce: cercus; ll: lateral lobes of sternite 8; hyp: hypoproct; st: sternite; T: tergite].

Stylogaster copelandi sp. n. Figs 1, 51–59 Etymology: This species is named in honour of Robert Copeland (Nairobi), who has collected numerous Diptera from Kenya and has loaned material to the author. Diagnosis: This distinctive species is easily recognised by its small, blackish brown appearance, as well as the pointed basal flagellomere and the arista situated at the apex (Figs 51, 54). The only other species with such an antenna is S. pauliana, a bright orange-brown endemic species of Madagascar. Additionally, the male terminalia of S. copelandi sp. n. are diagnostic (Figs 1, 56–59). Description (based on holotype): Male. Overall length: ca 2.9 mm. Head: 0.8 mm high. Eye dark brown, without ommatrichia. Facets on inner side slightly enlarged. Ocelli brown. Ocellar tubercle black, with 1 pair of inconspicuous ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies virtually whole frons and reaches as far as antennae (Fig. 55). Ocellar triangle brown, apical part paler brown. Frons lateral to ocellar triangle brown­yellow, with 2 proclinate fronto­orbital setae.Antenna brown, basal flagellomere yellow-brown ventrally. Arista dark brown, only 2 segments evident. Arista situated at apex of basal flagellomere (Fig. 54). No setulae on scapus. Pedicellus with short dorsal setulae. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 54. One distinct black vertical seta. Face dark brown, with silver pruinosity. Occiput brown, slightly silver pruinose; with single inconspicuous black setulae. Some long black setulae on mouth opening. Proboscis mainly brown, except for black labrum and labellum, white at distal division. Labrum ca 1.5 mm, labellum about the same length. Thorax: Dark brown.All setae black. One notopleural seta (a second may occur, but not evident on specimen), 1 supra-alar seta, 2 postalar seta, 1 praescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. All setae black. Black erect setulae on mesoscutum. Wing: Length 3.2 mm. Generally clothed in microtrichia, but bc, base of c, bm and cup virtually without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with black setulae. Venation as in Fig. 53. Haltere orange­brown, distal part sharply defined dark brown.Areas with sensillae or protuberances at base of haltere not evident in holotype. Legs: Yellow-brown with pale brown medial band on hind femur. Legs with black setulae and black setae. Fore and mid coxae each with 1 long black seta, mid coxa additionally with some shorter setulae. Hind coxa with group of distal setae on anterior surface and having some short setulae laterally. Hind trochanter without teeth or conspicuous setulae. Mid femur with row of regularly-arranged and straight black setulae posteriorly in distal half. Claws yellow-brown, distally blackish brown. Pulvilli pale brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen: Dark brown, with posterior margins of tergites 2–5 darker (Fig. 52). Tergites with long, erect, dark brown setulae. Tergite 1 with long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 on anterior margin with 4 lateral black setae on either side. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 1, 56–59. Cercus elongated. Dorsal margin concave, distal margin straight ventrally and convex dorsally. Cercus with a less conspicuous lappet ventrally. Without conspicuous teeth or black setae ventrally. Surstylus with barely visible and non-darkened tooth in the middle of convex distal margin. Only a few, barely visible, setulae on inner surface. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 58. Clearly­defined strong setulae basally. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ KENYA: (1) “ KENYA Western Prov. / Kakamega Forest / 0°14.13’N, 34°51.87’E / 16.­23. I.2000, Malaise / trap, R. Copeland ”; (2) “ Holotypus / Stylogaster / copelandi ♂ / des. Stuke, 2009” (NMKE). Right hind tarsi and basal flagellomere missing. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The holotype is otherwise in perfect condition. Distribution: Only known from Kenya. Bionomics: Sampled from the Kenyan last remnant of the Pan-African rainforest., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on pages 286-289, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351

Stylogaster spinicercus sp. n. Figs 273–284 Etymology: From Latin spina (thorn), reflecting the thorn­like black spine on the cercus of this species. Diagnosis: Stylogaster spinicercus sp. n. has the cercus broadened, as does S. amplicercus sp. n., but the two species are easily separable by reference to the black setae on the base of the cercus (Fig. 281) and the unique shape of the surstylus (Fig. 279), having black discal setae. Description (based on holotype): Male. Overall length: ca 6.9 mm. Head: 1.6 mm high. Eye dark brown, with a few scattered, inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side slightly enlarged. Ocelli yellow­brown. Ocellar tubercle blackish brown, with 1 pair of damaged ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies virtually entire frons, reaching as far as antennae (Fig. 275). Ocellar triangle yellow­brown. Frons brown lateral to ocellar triangle, with 1–3 small discernible fronto-orbital setae. Scapus and pedicellus yellow­brown, basal flagellomere brown distally. Arista dark brown with a small yellow-brown area basally, 2 segments evident, situated dorsally on apex of basal flagellomere (Fig. 276). Scapus with a few black setulae dorsally. Pedicellus with black setulae. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 276. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow with silver pruinosity. Occiput black to brown, distinctly silver pruinose; with a row of regularly-arranged small white setulae dorsally, and several longer white setulae ventrally. Some long white setulae on mouth opening. Proboscis pale yellow basally, becoming dark brown distally, except for yellow-brown distal division of labellum. Labrum ca 3.0 mm, labellum approximately same length. Thorax: Yellow-brown; mesoscutum (with exception of postpronotum), scutellum and mediotergite orange-brown. All undamaged setae on holotype black (supra-alar and dorsocentral setae missing, 1 postalar seta present, all setae on anepimeron missing), with exception of golden seta on propleuron. Two notopleural setae, 1 supra-alar seta, 2 postalar setae, 1 praescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. A few black setulae on anepimeron. Black semi-adpressed setulae on mesoscutum. Wing: Length 6.1 mm. Generally clothed in microtrichia, but base of bc, base of r 1 and very narrowly basally in r 2+3 , base of br, bm, very narrowly at base of dm and cup without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with black or brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 278. Haltere uniformly yellow­brown basally, knob brown, with areas of sensillae at base. Legs: Fore and mid legs pale yellow. Hind leg darker with brown base and brown dorsal surface of hind femur, and yellow-white subapical area at hind tibia. Legs mainly with black or brown setulae, only fore and mid tibiae and fore femur additionally with pale yellow setulae. Setae on fore and mid coxae whitish yellow, and on hind coxa black. Fore coxa without distinct setae, but with strong white setulae distally. Mid coxa with 1 white seta. Hind coxa without lateral black setulae, but with strong black setulae distally on anterior surface. Hind trochanter without teeth or dense setulae. Mid femur with a row of regularly-arranged black setulae posteriorly on basal half and additionally, a few longer setulae on ventral surface. Mid tibia with short erect black setulae ventrally (Fig. 277). Hind femur with few longer black setulae ventrally. Hind tibia with 2 short black spines on anterior surface. Claws dark brown basally, distally black. Pulvilli pale yellow. Empodia short, brown. Abdomen: Mainly orange-brown, tergites 2–4 with conspicuous dark brown posterior margin and less distinct brown medial fascia, tergites 5–6 and epandrium slightly darker brown medially (Fig. 274). Tergites with semi­adpressed black setulae. Tergite 1 with long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 on anterior margin with 6 black lateral setae on either side. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 279–284. Cercus triangular, conspicuously broadened laterally (Fig. 281). Dorsal margin straight. Cercus with a conspicuous lappet ventrally, clothed in black setae (Figs 281, 282). Surstylus without teeth, but with unique outline, and black setae distally. No setulae on inner surface. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 283. Some distinct black setulae distally. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ MADAGASCAR:(1) “ Madagascar: Prov. Antananarivo. 46 km NE / of Ankazobe: Anbohitantely 18°11.88'S / 47°16.89'E, 7.­22 xII. 2004, 700m, malaise trap in / sclerophyl forest MG 27­23”; (2) “CASENT 807G539”; (3) “ Holotypus / Stylogaster / spinicercus ♂ / des. Stuke, 2011” (CAS). Left hind leg and several setae damaged. Abdomen dissected, macerated and deposited in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath specimen, holotype otherwise in reasonable condition. Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar. Bionomics: Sampled in sclerophyl forest at low elevation (700 m)., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on pages 343-347, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351

Stylogaster irwini sp. n. Figs 104–114 Etymology: The species is named in honour of Michael E. Irwin (Vail, Arizona), who organized “An Arthropod Survey of Madagascar’s Protected Areas (1998–2009)”, and collected numerous conopids used in this study. Diagnosis: Stylogaster irwini sp. n. does not possess ocellar setae, this being an excellent character to distinguish the species from any Afrotropical Stylogaster. The new species also has diagnostic terminalia, with dense, strong, black setulae at the apex of the surstylus (Fig. 109), strong spines on the ventral conjunction of the cerci (Fig. 112) and no conspicuous setulae or setae on the phallus sheath (Fig. 113). Description (based on holotype): Male. Overall length: ca 6.5 mm. Head: 1.7 mm high. Eye pale brown, with a few scattered, inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side slightly enlarged. Ocelli yellow­brown. Ocellar tubercle brown, without ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies virtually entire frons, reaching as far as antennae (Fig. 106). Ocellar triangle yellow, with some pale brown maculae (Fig. 106). Frons lateral to ocellar triangle yellow, with 1–3 small, defined, fronto­orbital setae. Scapus and pedicellus pale yellow, basal flagellomere orange­brown. Arista with 3 segments, two pale yellow basally, and brown distally.Arista situated dorsally at apex of basal flagellomere (Fig. 105). Scapus with few black setulae dorsally. Pedicellus with black setulae. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 105. One damaged vertical seta. Face pale yellow with silver pruinosity. Occiput pale brown, distinctly silver pruinose; with row of regularly-arranged small white setulae dorsally, and several longer white setulae ventrally. Some long white setulae on mouth opening. Proboscis pale brown basally, becoming dark brown distally, except for the yellow-brown distal division of labellum. Labrum ca 2.6 mm, labellum approximately same length. Thorax: Yellow-brown; mesoscutum (with exception of postpronotum and postalar calli) and anepisternum orange-brown.All setae black, with exception of golden seta on propleuron. Two notopleural setae (the ventral less than half length of dorsal), 1 supra-alar seta (1 damaged), 2 postalar setae (4 damaged), 1 praescutellar dorsocentral seta (1 damaged), 1 apical scutellar seta (1 damaged), 1 seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. A few black setulae on anepimeron. Black semi-adpressed setulae on mesoscutum. Wing: Length 4.7 mm. Generally clothed in microtrichia, but base of sc, base of r 1 and r 2+3 , part of br, bm, base of dm and cup without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with black or brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 108. Haltere uniformly pale yellow, knob slightly darker, with areas of sensillae at base. Legs: Fore and mid legs pale yellow­white. Hind leg yellow­brown, hind tibia with yellow­white subapical area, tarsi black. Fore and mid legs with white and black setulae, hind leg with black setulae only. Setae on fore coxa white and black, mid coxa with white setae, hind coxa with black setae. Fore coxa with 3 distinct setae and several white setulae. Mid coxa with 1 white seta and additional white setulae. Hind coxa with lateral black seta and additionally with strong black setulae distally on anterior surface. Hind trochanter without teeth or dense setulae. Mid femur posteriorly on basal half with row of regularly-arranged black setulae and also a few longer setulae on ventral surface. Hind tibia with 3 or 4 short black spines on anterior surface. Claws dark brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli pale yellow-white. Empodia short, pale yellow-white. Abdomen: Mainly orange-brown, tergites 2–4 with brown hind margin, tergite 6 pale brown medially (Fig. 107). Tergites with semi­adpressed black setulae. Tergite 1 with long white setulae laterally, tergite 2 with 4 or 5 black lateral setae on either side of anterior margin. Abdomen of holotype not dissected, but terminalia apparently match those of a paratype. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 109–114. Cercus triangular (Fig. 111). Dorsal margin virtually straight. Cercus with long setae ventrally (Fig. 112). No black setae. Surstylus with slightly sclerotized long tooth. No setulae on inner surface. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 113. The black colouration at apex is conspicuous. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ MADAGASCAR: (1) “ MADAGASCAR: Toliara Prov. / Fiherenana, 18.­22.VII.2003 / 23°10.619'S 43°57.685'E / colls: Frontier Wilderness Prj. / ex: malaise trap MGF078”; (2) “CASLOT 044922”; (3) “ Holotypus / Stylogaster / irwini ♂ / des. Stuke, 2011 (CAS)”. Most hind tarsal segments and some setae damaged, holotype otherwise in good condition. Paratypes: MADAGASCAR: Toliara: 4♂ same as holotype (CAS & J­HS); 1♂ Majunga Ampijoroa National Park, 160 km N of Maevatananaon RN 443 m, 16°19.16'S 46°48.80'E, 8–17 xii.2002, deciduous dry forest, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap (CAS); 1♂ Ampijoroa, Mahajanga, 11.i.1995, M. & E. Howe (DC). Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar. Bionomics: Sampled in deciduous dry forest at low elevation (443 m)., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on pages 301-304, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351

Stylogaster latifrons sp. n. Figs 163–172 Etymology: From the Latin latus (broad) and frons (forehead), a significant character of the new species being the broad frons with vertical setae close to the eye margin. Diagnosis: Stylogaster latifrons sp. n. has a broad frons, the distance of the vertical seta to lateral ocellus being greater than the distance between the lateral ocelli (Fig. 166); occiput with only 3 long white setulae ventrally, and mouth opening with 5 or 6 short black setulae. The terminalia are diagnostic, with some long setulae distally on cercus (Fig. 171). Description (based on holotype): Male. Overall length ca 4.7 mm. Head: 1.3 mm high. Eye red-brown, with a few scattered inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side slightly enlarged. Ocelli pale yellow. Ocellar tubercle brown, with 1 pair of ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies virtually entire frons, reaching as far as antennae (Fig. 166). Ocellar triangle brown. Frons brown lateral to ocellar triangle, with 2 discernible small fronto­orbital setae.Antenna yellow, basal flagellomere brown distally and dorsally. Arista brown, 3 segments evident. Arista situated dorsally at apex of basal flagellomere (Fig. 165). Scapus with few black setulae dorsally. Pedicellus with black setulae. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 165. One vertical seta positioned close to eye (Fig. 166). Face pale yellow with silver pruinosity. Occiput blackish brown, distinctly silver pruinose; with row of regularly-arranged small white setulae, and three long white setulae ventrally. Five or six short, black setulae on mouth opening. Proboscis pale yellow basally, becoming black distally, except for yellow-brown distal division of labellum. Labrum ca 1.9 mm, labellum approximately same length. Thorax: Yellow-white; mesoscutum (with exception of postpronotum and postalar calli), scutellum and triangular area of mediotergite brown. All setae black. Two notopleural setae, 1 supra-alar seta (1 damaged), 2 postalar setae (1 damaged), 1 praescutellar dorsocentral seta (1 damaged), 1 apical scutellar seta (2 damaged), 1 seta on anepimeron (2 damaged) and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron (1 damaged). A few black setulae on anepimeron. Black semi-adpressed setulae on mesoscutum partly arranged in rows and forming medial row of denser setulae. Wing: Length 4.6 mm. Generally clothed in microtrichia, but bm and partly cup without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with black or brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 167. Haltere uniformly pale yellow, with areas of sensillae at base. Fore and mid leg pale yellow-white. Hind leg brown with pale area medially on hind femur and hind tibia with yellow-white subapical area. Legs: Mainly with black or brown setulae, only fore and mid tibiae with pale yellow setulae. All setae black. Fore coxa with 2 distinct setae and several black setulae. Mid coxa with 1 black seta and additional black setulae. Hind coxa with 1 lateral black seta and with strong black setulae distally on anterior surface. Hind trochanter without teeth or dense setulae. Mid femur with a row of regularly-arranged, black setulae posteriorly in basal half. Hind tibia with 4 short, black spines on anterior surface. Claws dark brown basally, distally black. Pulvilli brown. Empodia short, brown. Abdomen: Mainly pale brown, tergite 1 dark brown, tergites 2–4 with dark brown hind margin, tergite 6 dark brown laterally (Fig. 164). Tergites with semi­adpressed black setulae. Tergite 1 with long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 with 3 black lateral setae on either side of anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 168–172. Cercus triangular (Fig. 171). Dorsal margin concave. Some conspicuous long setulae distally (Fig. 171). Cercus with small inconspicuous lappet ventrally. No black setae. Surstylus without black teeth. No setulae on inner surface. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 170. Black setae basally and slightly darkened apex conspicuous. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ MADAGASCAR: (1) “ Madagascar: Province / Fianarantsoa, Parc National / Ranomafana, radio tower / at forest edge, elev. 1130 m / 8. Aug. ­ 23. Sept.2004 / 21°15.05'S 47°24.43'E ”; (2) “coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / California Acad of Sciences / malaise, mixed tropical / forest MA­02­09B­98”; (3) “ Holotypus / Stylogaster / latifrons ♂ / des. Stuke, 2011” (CAS). Right hind leg and left arista damaged. Abdomen dissected, macerated and deposited in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath specimen, holotype is otherwise in good condition. Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar. Bionomics: Sampled in primary rainforest at moderately high elevation (1130 m)., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on pages 316-319, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351

Stylogaster kroeberi sp. n. Figs 151–162, 181 Etymology: This species is named in honour of the late Otto Kröber (1882–1969). He was a German dipterist, whose contribution to the study of Conopidae, especially the Afrotropical species, was considerable. Diagnosis: Stylogaster kroeberi sp. n. belongs to a species-group with darkened posterior margins to the tergites (Fig. 153) and a white­setulose area on the distal part of the hind tibia (Fig. 155). It differs from the two other species in this group (S. rinhaii sp. n. and S. malgachensis Camras) in the presence of the small orange-brown ocellar triangle bordered by the orange­brown frons (Fig. 156), and in having only slightly enlarged eye facets (Fig. 181). The ♂ terminalia (Figs 157–162) are also diagnostic. Description (based on holotype): Male. Overall length: ca 7.1 mm. Head: 1.5 mm high. Eye dark brown, with a few scattered inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side slightly enlarged. Ocelli orange­brown. Ocellar tubercle blackish brown, with 1 pair of ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies virtually entire frons, reaching as far as antennae (Fig. 156). Ocellar triangle yellow­brown. Frons orange­brown lateral to ocellar triangle, with 4 fronto-orbital setae. Scapus and pedicellus yellow­brown, basal flagellomere orange­brown. Arista dark brown, base of 3 evident segments orange­brown, situated dorsally at apex of basal flagellomere (Fig. 154). Scapus with few black setulae dorsally. Pedicellus with black setulae. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 154. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow with silver pruinosity. Occiput black to brown, distinctly silver pruinose; with row of regularly-arranged small white setulae dorsally, and several longer white setulae ventrally. Some long white setulae on mouth opening. Proboscis pale brown basally, becoming blackish brown distally, except for yellow-brown distal division of labellum. Labrum ca 2.9 mm, labellum approximately same length. Thorax: Yellow-brown, mesoscutum pale brown medially. All discernible setae black, with exception of golden seta on anepimeron. Two notopleural setae (1 damaged at right side), 1 damaged supra-alar seta, 2 damaged postalar setae, 1 damaged praescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Black semi-adpressed setulae on mesoscutum. Wing: Length 4.9 mm. Generally clothed in microtrichia, but base of sc, base of r 1 , r 2+3 and r 4+5 , part of br, bm, base of dm and cup without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with black or brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 152. Haltere uniformly yellow­brown, with areas of sensillae at base. Legs: Pale yellow, hind femur brown basally, with brown areas on hind tibia, a conspicuous white distal area on hind tibia and conspicuously black hind tarsi. Legs with white and black setulae and golden setae; only left hind coxa with black setae. Fore and mid coxae without distinct setae, but with strong golden setulae distally. Hind coxa with strong golden setulae distally on anterior surface, laterally with smaller golden setulae, without outstanding lateral seta. Hind trochanter without teeth, but with dense golden setulae. Mid femur with row of regularly-arranged golden setulae along entire length posteriorly. Hind tibia with single short black spines on anterior surface. Claws brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli brown. Empodia short, brown. Abdomen: Mainly orange-brown, tergites 2–5 with indistinct darker posterior margins, tergite 6 pale brown (Fig. 153). Tergites with semi­adpressed black setulae. Tergite 1 with long golden setulae laterally, tergite 2 with 5 black lateral setae on either side at anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 157–162. Cercus triangular (Fig. 160). Dorsal margin straight. Cercus with lappet ventrally. No conspicuous teeth ventrally. No black setae. Surstylus with 1 black tooth medially on distal margin (Fig. 159). No setulae on inner surface. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 161. Strong black setulae conspicuous basally. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ MADAGASCAR: (1) “ Madagascar, Toliana Prov. / Fiheren, 5.­10. VII.2003, / 23°13.351'S 43°52.853'E / elev 65m, coll. Cal. Acad. of Sci. / ex: malaise trap MGF076”; (2) “CASLOT 044926”; (3) “ Holotypus / Stylogaster / kroeberi ♂ / des. Stuke, 2011” (CAS). Some tarsi and setae damaged. Abdomen dissected, macerated and deposited in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath specimen, holotype otherwise in good condition. Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar. Bionomics: Sampled in primary rainforest at low elevation (65 m)., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on pages 313-316, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351

Stylogaster rinhaii sp. n. Figs 223–235 Etymology: The species is named in honour of Harin’Hala (Rin’ha) Rasolondalao (Antananarivo), who coordinated collecting efforts in Madagascar and who made this project such a success. Diagnosis: Stylogaster rinhaii sp. n. belongs to a species-group with darkened posterior margins on some tergites (Fig. 225) and a white setulose distal area on the hind tibia (Fig. 227). It differs from the other two species of this group (S. kroeberi sp. n. and S. malgachensis Camras) in having a broad orange-brown ocellar triangle, bordered a the black frons (Fig. 228) and only slightly enlarged facets.The ♂ terminalia (Figs 229–235) are diagnostic, especially in respect of the long black setulae on the inner surface of the surstylus, which are unique (Fig. 231). Description (based on holotype): Male. Length: ca 7.5 mm. Head: 1.8 mm high. Eye dark brown, with a few scattered, inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side slightly enlarged. Ocelli yellow­brown. Ocellar tubercle blackish brown, with 1 pair of ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies virtually entire frons, reaching as far as antennae (Fig. 228). Ocellar triangle brown. Frons lateral to ocellar triangle black, with 4 fronto-orbital setae. Scapus and pedicellus orange-brown, basal flagellomere brown. Arista dark brown, 3 segments evident. Arista situated dorsally at apex of basal flagellomere (Fig. 226). Scapus with few black setulae dorsally. Pedicellus with black setulae. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 226. One distinct vertical seta is damaged. Face pale yellow with silver pruinosity. Occiput black to brown, distinctly silver pruinose; with row of regularly-arranged small white setulae dorsally, and several longer white setulae ventrally. Some long white setulae on mouth opening. Proboscis pale brown basally, becoming blackish brown distally except for yellow-brown distal division of labellum. Labrum ca 3.2 mm, labellum approximately same length. Thorax: Yellow-brown, mesoscutum medially pale brown. All discernible setae black with exception of golden seta on anepimeron. Two notopleural setae (only one remains), 1 damaged supra-alar seta, 2 damaged postalar setae, 1 praescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta (left damaged), 1 damaged seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Black semi-adpressed setulae on mesoscutum. Wing: Length 5.7 mm. Generally clothed in microtrichia, but base of sc, base of radial cells r 1 and r 2+3 , partly br, bm, base of dm and cup without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with black or brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 224. Haltere uniformly yellow­brown, with areas of sensillae at base. Legs: Yellow-brown with a brown patch at base of hind femur, brown areas on hind tibia, conspicuous white distal area on hind tibia and conspicuous black hind tarsi. Legs with black and white setulae and golden setae, only left hind coxa with 1 black seta. Fore and mid coxa without distinct setae, but with strong golden setulae distally. Hind coxa with strong golden setulae distally on anterior surface, with smaller golden setulae laterally, and 1 outstanding lateral seta. Hind trochanter without teeth, but with dense golden setulae. Mid femur with a row of regularly-arranged golden setulae posteriorly in distal half. Hind tibia with single short black spines on anterior surface. Claws only narrowly brown basally, distally black. Pulvilli brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen: Mainly orange-brown, tergite 1 brownish, tergites 3–5 with indistinctly darker posterior margins, tergite 6 dark brown (Fig. 225). Tergites with semi­adpressed black setulae. Tergite 1 with long golden setulae laterally, tergite 2 with 5 black lateral setae on either side of anterior margin. Abdomen of holotype not dissected, but appears to match terminalia of a paratype. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 229–235. Cercus slightly elongated (Fig. 233). Dorsal margin concave. Cercus with only a small lappet ventrally. No conspicuous teeth ventrally. No black setae. Surstylus with several black short setae medially on distal margin (Fig. 230). Several long, conspicuous, erect black setulae on inner surface (Fig. 231).Also 1 lappet on inner side. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 234. Strong black setulae conspicuous basally. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ MADAGASCAR: (1) “Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., 12km / W Ranomafana Natl Pk entrance, / radio tower, malaise in montane / tropical forest, 6.­17.VII.2003 / R H’Hala, ME Irwin, 1215m, / 21°15.05’S. 47°24.43’E. MA 9B­66”; (2) “ Holotypus / Stylogaster / rinhaii ♂ / des. Stuke, 2011” (CAS). Holotype complete and in good condition. Paratypes: MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa: 1♂ radio tower at forest edge, 1130 m, 21°15.05'S 47°24.43'E, 9–25.ix.2005, R. Harin’Hala & M.E. Irwin (J­HS). Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar. Bionomics: Sampled in primary rainforest at moderately high elevation (1215 m)., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on pages 331-334, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351

Stylogaster malgachensis Camras, 1962 Figs 173–180 Stylogaster malgachensis Camras, 1962 b: 185 (Type locality: Madagascar: “ Ankarafantsika Forest, Tsaramandroso ”). Literature: Camras (1962 b), Smith (1967). Material examined: MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo: 1♀ Province, 46 km NE of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 18°11.88'S 47°16.89'E, 700 m, 15 x–1 xi.2004, sclerophyl forest, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 1♂ same data, except 1–14 xi.2004. d’Antsiranana: 1♀ Parc National Montagne d’Ambre, 12°30.87'S 49°10.88'E, 960 m, 7–27.i.2007, M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap (all CAS & J­HS). Remarks: The females identified here as S. malgachensis match the original description as well as to the description of Smith (1967). The male is identified as S. malgachensis due to diagnostically enlarged facets (Fig. 180). Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar. Bionomics: Found in sclerophyl forest at low to moderately high elevation (700–960 m)., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on page 319, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351, {"references":["SMITH, K. G. V. 1967. The biology and taxonomy of the genus Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae, Stylogasterinae) in the Ethiopian and Malagasy Regions. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 119: 47 - 69."]}

Stylogaster pauliana Camras, 1962 Figs 195–199 Stylogaster pauliana Camras, 1962 b: 186 (Type locality: “ Madagacar: Analavelona Mt. ”). Literature: Camras (1962 b), Smith (1967). Material examined: MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo: 1♀ 46 km NE of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 18°11.88'S 47°16.89'E, 700 m, 16–17 xii.2002, sclerophyl forest, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap. Tulear: 1♂ 4 km NW Manombo, Mikea forest, dry deciduous forest, 22°54.22'S 43°28.53'E, 30 m, 20–27 xi.2001, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 1♀ same, except 6–16 xii.2001; 1♀ same, except 13–23.vii.2002; 1♂ same, except 3–14.ix.2002; 1♂ same, except 14–23.ix.2002; 1♀ same, except 3–13.x.2002; 1♂ same, except 7–18.iv.2003; 1♂ same, except 3–10.viii.2003; 1♂ same, except 31.viii–11.ix.2003; 1♀ NW Manombo, Mikea forest, spiny forest, 22°54.80'S 43°28.93'E, 37 m, 12 x–12 xi.2001, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 1♂ same, except 23.vii–6.viii.2002; 1♀ same, except 23–30 xi.2003; 2♂ Andohaela National Park, Parcel II, Tsimela, transitional forest, 24°56.21'S 46°37.60'E, 175 m, 16–17.xii.2002, M. Irwin, F.D. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 1♂ same, except 27 xii.2002 – 6.i.2003; 1♂ same, except 6–16.i.2003; 1♂ same, except 16–26.i.2003; 1♂ same, except 18–28.iii.2003; 2♂ same, except 29.vi–10.vii.2003; 1♂ same, except 10–21.ix.2003; 1♂ same, except 1–11 x.2003; 2♂ same, except 21–23 xii.2003; 1♀ same, except 28.i–12. ii.2004; 1♂ Andohaela National Park, Ihazofotsy, Parcelle III, dry spiny forest, 22°49.85'S 46°32.17'E, 80 m, 12–16 xii.2002, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 1♂ same, except 15–26.i.2003; 1♀ same, except 3–13.ii.2003; 1♂ same, except 18–29.iii.2003; 3♂ same, except 11–22.vi.2003; 2♂ 1♀ same, except 3–13.ix.2003; 1♀ same, except 3–14.i.2004; 1♀ Zombitse National Park, near national road, deciduous spiny forest, 20°50.43'S 44°43.87'E, 825 m, 14–16 xii.2001, R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap. Fianarantsoa: 1♂ 40km S Ambositra, low altitude rainforest, 20°47.56'S 47°10.54'E, 825 m, 23.vii–6.viii.2002, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 1♂ Majunga, Ambovomamy, Belambo, 20 km NW Port Berger, secondary growth on white sand, 15°27.07'S 47°36.80'E, 33 m, 25.ii–3.iii.2007, M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 1♂ same, except 10–18.iii.2007 (all CAS & J­HS). Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on pages 324-325, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351, {"references":["SMITH, K. G. V. 1967. The biology and taxonomy of the genus Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae, Stylogasterinae) in the Ethiopian and Malagasy Regions. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 119: 47 - 69."]}

Stylogaster seguyi Camras, 1962 Figs 248–254 Stylogaster seguyi Camras, 1962 b: 184, 185 (Type locality: “ Madagascar: Mtge. d’Ambre”). Literature: Camras (1962 b), Smith (1967). Holotype (examined): ♂ MADAGASCAR: (1) “ Holotype ♂ / Stylogaster / seguy / Camras” [red label, partially handwritten]; (2) “Madagascar.D.­S. / Mtge. D’Ambre / 12.V.1958 F. KEISER” (NHMB).Abdomen dissected, macerated and deposited in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath specimen. Holotype is complete and in perfect condition. Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar, known only from unique holotype. Bionomics: Parc National de la Montagne d’Ambre is a volcanic massif (1475 m), covered in montane rainforest that rises from the surrounding dry plains., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on pages 338-339, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351, {"references":["SMITH, K. G. V. 1967. The biology and taxonomy of the genus Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae, Stylogasterinae) in the Ethiopian and Malagasy Regions. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 119: 47 - 69."]}

Stylogaster acanthocercus sp. n. Figs 11–24 Etymology: From latinized Greek akantha (thorn) and kerkos (tail), referring to the diagnostic spines on the cercus. Diagnosis: The occurrence and arrangement of spines on the cercus (Fig. 21) is unique and distinguishes S. ancanthocercus sp. n. from all other Afrotropical Stylogaster species. Description (based on holotype): Male. Overall length: ca 6.3 mm. Head: 1.5 mm high. Eye brown, with a few scattered inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side of eye slightly enlarged. Ocelli pale brown. Ocellar tubercle blackish brown, with 1 pair ocellar setae (1 damaged). Ocellar triangle occupying almost entire frons, reaching as far as antennae (Fig. 16). Ocellar triangle brown. Frons black lateral to ocellar triangle, with 1 or 2 fronto-orbital setae distinguishable. Scapus and base of pedicellus yellow­orange, basal flagellomere and pedicellus apex blackish brown. Arista blackish brown, 2 segments evident. Arista situated dorsally at apex of basal flagellomere (Fig. 15). Scapus with a few black setulae dorsally. Pedicellus with black setulae. Shape of antenna as illustrated (Fig. 15). One vertical seta (both damaged). Face pale yellow with silver pruinosity. Occiput black, distinctly silver pruinose; with line of regularly-arranged small white setulae dorsally, and with several longer white setulae ventrally. Some long white setulae at mouth opening. Proboscis yellow-brown basally, becoming dark brown distally, except for yellow-brown distal, divided part of labellum. Labrum ca 3.2 mm, labellum approximately same length. Thorax: Yellow-white; mesoscutum (with exception of postpronotum and postalar calli), scutellum, mediotergite and laterotergite blackish brown to brown. All setae damaged, with exception of 2 black notopleural setae and 2 white setae on propleuron. Scars of 2 notopleural setae evident, 1 supra-alar seta, 2 postalar setae, 1 praescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Some black setulae on the anepimeron. Black semi-adpressed setulae on mesoscutum. Wing: Length 5.2 mm. Generally clothed in microtrichia, except for base of br, bm, base of dm and cup. Hind margin with black or brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 17. Haltere uniformly pale yellow, knob brown, with areas of sensillae at base. Legs: Fore and mid legs pale yellow­white. Hind leg pale brown dorsally, hind tibia white distally. Hind tarsi damaged. Legs mainly with black or brown setulae, only fore and mid tibiae with pale yellow setulae. Setae on fore coxa white, setae on mid and hind coxae black. Fore coxa without distinct setae, but with strong white setulae distally. Mid coxa with 1 black seta laterally and some black setulae anteriorly. Hind coxa with 1 short lateral black seta and also distally on anterior surface with strong black setulae. Hind trochanter without teeth or dense setulae. Mid femur with row of regularly-arranged black setulae posteriorly on basal half and black setulae ventrally that are slightly longer than diameter of mid tibia. Mid tibia with short, dense black setulae ventrally. Hind femur with long black setulae posteriorly. Hind tibia with 3 short black spines on anterior surface. Claws dark brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli pale brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen: Pale yellow, tergite 1 mainly brown, tergites 2–3 with brown posterior margin and brown medial fascia, tergites 5–6 with wide brown medial fascia, epandrium mainly brown (Fig. 12). Tergites with semi­adpressed black setulae. Tergite 1 with long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 with 6 black lateral (and mostly damaged) setae on either side of the anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 18–24. Cercus rounded distally (Fig. 20). Dorsal margin concave. Cercus with long black tooth and 3 or 4 black spines (Fig. 21). Surstylus with 2 black teeth distally, no setulae on inner surface. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 23. Female. Unknown. Holotype: ♂ MADAGASCAR: (1) “ Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., / Belle Vue, 1.2 km S Ranomafana / Nat’l Park entrance, malaise / in rainforest, 21.III­12.IV.2003, / 1095 m, R Harin, M E Irwin, / 21°15.99’S. 47°25.21’E. MG 9C­57”; (2) “ Holotypus / Stylogaster / acanthocercus ♂ / des. Stuke, 2011” (CAS). Left hind tarsi and right hind leg damaged, some setae and right haltere damaged, left wing torn. Abdomen dissected, macerated and deposited in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath specimen. Holotype otherwise in reasonable condition. Paratypes: MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa: 1♂ Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21°15.05'S 47°24.43'E, 1130 m, 5–18.iii.2006, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap (CAS); 1♂ same, except 13–28.iii.2005 (J-HS). Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar. Bionomics: Found in primary rainforest at moderately high elevation (1095–1130 m)., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on pages 275-279, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351

Stylogaster camrasi Stuckenberg, 1963 Figs 36, 37 Stylogaster camrasi Stuckenberg, 1963: 269–272 (Type locality: “ Moramanga and Anosibe, east-central Madagascar, 840 m ”). Literature: Smith (1967), Stuckenberg (1963). Material examined: MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa: 1♂ Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower, at forest edge, 21°15.05'S 47°24.43'E, 1130 m, 6–17.vii.2003, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 1♂ same, except 27.viii–7.ix.2003; 1♂ same, except 8–18 x.2003; 1♂ same, except 8.viii–23.ix.2004; 1♂ same, except 6–13 xi.2005; 1♂ same, except 23.vi–1.vii.2006; 2♂ Parc National Ranomafana, Belle Vue, 1.2 km S Ranomafana, entrance, rainforest, 21°15.99'S 47°25.21'E, 1095 m, 21.iii–12.iv.2003, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 1♂ Parc National Ranomafana, 17 km W Ranomafana, Vohiparara, rainforest, 21°13.57'S 47°22.19'E, 1110 m, 16.x–8 xi.2001, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap; 2♂ same, except 31.iii–8.iv.2002; 1♂ Parc National Ranomafana, 12 km W Ranomafana, entrance, radio tower, montane tropical forest, 21°15.05'S 47°24.43'E, 1215 m, 4–14.vi.2002, M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap (all CAS). Distribution: Endemic to Madagascar., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on page 282, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351, {"references":["STUCKENBERG, B. R. 1963. A study on the biology of the genus Stylogaster, with the description of a new species from Madagascar (Diptera: Conopidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 68: 251 - 275.","SMITH, K. G. V. 1967. The biology and taxonomy of the genus Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae, Stylogasterinae) in the Ethiopian and Malagasy Regions. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 119: 47 - 69."]}

Stylogaster complexa (Bigot, 1859) Ptychoproctus complexus Bigot, 1859: 109 (Type locality: South Africa: “Natal. Port [= Durban]”). Literature: Bigot (1859), Kröber (1914, 1919, 1933), von Röder (1891), Séguy (1946), Smith (1967), Stuckenberg (1963). Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: 1♂ Mkuze Reserve, SE 2732 Cb, 300 m, 3–11 x.1977, J.G.H. Londt (NMSA). Distribution: There is one record from Nigeria by Kröber (1933), although it remains in doubt because of the presence of several species of Stylogaster that were unknown at the time. Other than this, the species has been reported several times from South Africa only., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2012, A revision of Afrotropical species of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key, pp. 267 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on page 286, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0118, http://zenodo.org/record/7915351, {"references":["BIGOT, J. F. M. 1859. Dipterorum aliquot nova genera. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee 11: 305 - 315.","KROBER, O. 1914. Das Genus Stylogaster Macqu. (Dipt.). Entomologische Mitteilungen 3: 338 - 353.","RODER, V., VON. 1891. Uber die Dipteren-Gattung Stylogaster Mcq. Wiener entomologische Zeitung 11: 286 - 288.","SMITH, K. G. V. 1967. The biology and taxonomy of the genus Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae, Stylogasterinae) in the Ethiopian and Malagasy Regions. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 119: 47 - 69.","STUCKENBERG, B. R. 1963. A study on the biology of the genus Stylogaster, with the description of a new species from Madagascar (Diptera: Conopidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 68: 251 - 275."]}

Blaaskopvliegen vallen in het veld op door het gekromde achterlijf en relatief grote kop. De larven leven in andere insecten, zoals bijen en hommels. De laatste jaren zijn er diverse interessante waarnemingen aan deze groep gedaan. In dit artikel wordt Abrachy glossum capitatum nieuw voor Nederland gemeld. Deze heeft, als enige Nederlandse blaaskopvlieg, stekels boven op de antenne. Daarom wordt als Nederlandse naam stekeldrager voorgesteld.

The four Diptera species: Coremacera fabricii Rozkosny, 1981, Tetanops sintenisi Becker, 1909, Atylotus latistriatus Brauer, 1880 and Zodion kroeberi Szilady, 1926 are reported for the first time from Belgium. General remarks on these species are given.

Blaaskopvliegen zijn aantrekkelijke moordenaars. De meeste algemene soorten zijn prachtig gekleurd en duidelijk in het veld aanwezig. Het zijn parasieten van andere insecten, met name bijen en hommels. Ondanks dat de algemene soorten erg opvallend zijn en makkelijk in het veld te vinden zijn, is van de meeste soorten toch maar weinig bekend van de biologie. In dit artikel melden we een minder opvallende soort nieuw voor Nederland en speculeren we over de mogelijke gastheer.

Abstract. Insects affected by parasitoids can alter their behaviour after infection; however, it is not always obvious whether the changed behaviour increases the fitness of the host or the fitness of the parasitoid. Workers of Bombus terrestris containing an endoparasitoid larva (Diptera: Conopidae) dug into the soil before they died. This digging behaviour resulted in the selection of a protected hibernation site for the parasitoid pupa and represented a selective advantage for the parasitoid, because hibernation in the soil led to larger and heavier adult flies, showing fewer malformations in wings than flies hibernating on the ground. The observed digging behaviour of parasitized bumblebee workers enhanced parasitoid fitness only, while its effects on host fitness were neutral.

527. Sphyxosoma Rondani, 1856: 56. ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Conops quadrifasciata De Geer, 1776. TYPE SPECIES: Conops quadrifasciata De Geer, 1776, by original designation. CURRENT STATUS: Junior synonym of Conops Linnaeus, 1758 [teste Coquillett, 1910: 607]. FAMILY: CONOPIDAE. REMARKS: Chvála & Smith (1988: 248) treated the emendation Spixosoma (Rondani, 1857) as a junior synonym of Conops Linnaeus, 1758 but not Sphyxosoma Rondani, 1856. EMENDATIONS: Spixosoma Rondani, 1857: 223 (unjustified); Sphecosoma Bezzi, 1906: 51 (unjustified)., Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on pages 169-170, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1856) Dipterologiae italicae prodromus. Vol: I. Genera italica ordinis dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. A. Stocchi, Parmae [= Parma]. 226 + [2] pp. [10 September] [Dated from advertisement from publisher in Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung.]","Linnaeus 1758 to the end of 1935. In four volumes. Vol. IV. Q - Z and supplement. Zoological Society of London. 758 pp. [after October] [Epilogue dated 31 October.]","Coquillett, D. W. (1910) The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499 - 647. [4 August]","Chvala, M. & Smith, K. G. V. (1988) Family Conopidae, pp. 245 - 272. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 8. Syrphidae - Conopidae. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam & Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 363 pp. [20 September] [Dated from Evenhuis (2008 b).]","Rondani, C. (1857) Dipterologiae italicae prodromus. Vol: II. Species italicae ordinis dipterorum in genera characteribus definita, ordinatim collectae, methodo analitica distinctae, et novis vel minus cognitis descriptis. Pars prima. Oestridae: Syrpfhidae: Conopidae. A. Stocchi, Parmae [= Parma]. 264 pp., 1 pl. [after 20 September] [For dating, see Sabrosky (1961) and Evenhuis (1997: 661).]","Bezzi, M. (1906) Noch eine neue Namen fur einge Dipteren-Gattungen. Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 6, 49 - 55. [1 January]"]}

282. Leopoldius Rondani, 1843d: 35 [1845b: 5]. ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Leopoldius erostratus Rondani, 1843. TYPE SPECIES: Leopoldius erostratus Rondani, 1843 [= Conops signatus Wiedemann, 1824], by original designation. CURRENT STATUS: Valid genus [teste Chvála & Smith (1988: 247)]. FAMILY: CONOPIDAE. REMARKS: Although not indicated in the text of Rondani (1843d), the type-species fixation by original designation for this and three other new genus-group names is specified in the title of the work., Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on page 104, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1843 d) Quattro specie di insetti ditteri proposti come tipi di generi nuovi. Memoria sesta per servire alla ditterologia italiana. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali, 10, 32 - 46, pl. I. [10 October]","Rondani, C. (1845 b) Genera italica Conopinarum distincta et descripta. Fragmentum decimum tertium ad inserviendum dipterologiae italicae. Magasin de Zoologie d'Anatomie Comparee et de Palaeontologie (Insectes), (2) 7 (pl. 153), 10 pp. [January]","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1824) Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniensi maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat. E regio typographeo scholarum, Kiliae [= Kiel]. 60 pp., 1 pl. [June] [Recorded in the June 1824 issue of Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung.]","Chvala, M. & Smith, K. G. V. (1988) Family Conopidae, pp. 245 - 272. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 8. Syrphidae - Conopidae. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam & Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 363 pp. [20 September] [Dated from Evenhuis (2008 b).]"]}

556. Thecophora Rondani, 1845d: 15. ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Myopa atra Fabricius, 1781. TYPE SPECIES: Myopa atra Fabricius, 1781, by monotypy. CURRENT STATUS: Valid genus [teste Chvála & Smith (1988: 267)]. FAMILY: CONOPIDAE. [Theremya] Rondani, 1875a: 274. CURRENT STATUS: Incorrect original spelling of Teremya Rondani, 1875 [teste this work]. FAMILY: LONCHAEIDAE., Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on page 178, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1845 d) Sulle differenze sessuali delle Conopinae e Myopinae negli insetti ditteri. Memoria undecima per servire alla ditterologia italiana. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali e Rendiconto delle Sessioni della Societa Agraria e dell'Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna, (2) 3, 5 - 16. [15 February]","Chvala, M. & Smith, K. G. V. (1988) Family Conopidae, pp. 245 - 272. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 8. Syrphidae - Conopidae. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam & Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 363 pp. [20 September] [Dated from Evenhuis (2008 b).]","Rondani, C. (1875 a) Species italicae ordinis dipterorum (Muscaria Rndn.) collectae et observatae. Stirps XXII Lonchaeinae Rndn. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 6 [1874], 243 - 274. [8 March] [Dated from Poggi (2008).]"]}

130. Conopaejus Rondani, 1845b: 7 [1845d: 15; 1850c: 167]. ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Conops quadrifasciatus De Geer, 1776; Conops flavipes Linnaeus, 1758; Conops flavifrons Meigen, 1824. TYPE SPECIES: Conops quadrifasciatus De Geer, 1776, by original designation. CURRENT STATUS: Junior synonym of Conops Linnaeus, 1758 [teste Chvála & Smith (1988: 248)]. FAMILY: CONOPIDAE. EMENDATIONS: Conopoejus Bigot, 1892a: 164 (unjustified), n. syn. [Conopaeus] Rondani, 1845d: 9. CURRENT STATUS: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Conopaejus Rondani, 1845. FAMILY: CONOPIDAE. REMARKS: Criteria for making this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work., Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on page 63, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1845 b) Genera italica Conopinarum distincta et descripta. Fragmentum decimum tertium ad inserviendum dipterologiae italicae. Magasin de Zoologie d'Anatomie Comparee et de Palaeontologie (Insectes), (2) 7 (pl. 153), 10 pp. [January]","Rondani, C. (1845 d) Sulle differenze sessuali delle Conopinae e Myopinae negli insetti ditteri. Memoria undecima per servire alla ditterologia italiana. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali e Rendiconto delle Sessioni della Societa Agraria e dell'Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna, (2) 3, 5 - 16. [15 February]","Rondani, C. (1850 c) Osservazioni sopra alquante specie di esapodi ditteri del Museo Torinese. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali e Rendiconto delle Sessioni della Societa Agraria e dell'Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna, (3) 2, 165 - 197, 1 pl. [14 November]","Linnaeus 1758 to the end of 1935. In four volumes. Vol. IV. Q - Z and supplement. Zoological Society of London. 758 pp. [after October] [Epilogue dated 31 October.]","Chvala, M. & Smith, K. G. V. (1988) Family Conopidae, pp. 245 - 272. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 8. Syrphidae - Conopidae. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam & Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 363 pp. [20 September] [Dated from Evenhuis (2008 b).]","Bigot, J. M. F. (1892 a) Catalogue of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Part II. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, (n. s.), 61 (2), 133 - 178. [23 July]"]}

229. Gonirhyncus Rondani, 1856: 58. ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Gonirhyncus dispar Rondani, 1856. TYPE SPECIES: Gonirhyncus dispar Rondani, 1856 [= Myopa occulta Wiedemann, 1824], by original designation. CURRENT STATUS: Junior synonym of Myopa Fabricius, 1775 [teste Chvála & Smith (1988: 262)]. FAMILY: CONOPIDAE. REMARKS: Chvála & Smith (1988: 262) have Rondani (1857: 240) as the publication making the genus-group name and its type species available. This is not correct, since the characters in Rondani’s (1856: 58) key serve to make available both the genus-group name Gonirhyncus and the species-group name Gonirhyncus dispar as the singly included species. EMENDATIONS: Gonirhinchus Lioy, 1864e: 1327 (unjustified), n. syn.; Gonirhynchus Marschall, 1873: 332 (unjustified), n. syn. [Gouroldtia] Rondani, 1873b: 23. CURRENT STATUS: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Gouraldtia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. FAMILY: TACHINIDAE. REMARKS: Criteria for making this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work., Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on page 90, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1856) Dipterologiae italicae prodromus. Vol: I. Genera italica ordinis dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. A. Stocchi, Parmae [= Parma]. 226 + [2] pp. [10 September] [Dated from advertisement from publisher in Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung.]","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1824) Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniensi maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat. E regio typographeo scholarum, Kiliae [= Kiel]. 60 pp., 1 pl. [June] [Recorded in the June 1824 issue of Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung.]","Chvala, M. & Smith, K. G. V. (1988) Family Conopidae, pp. 245 - 272. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 8. Syrphidae - Conopidae. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam & Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 363 pp. [20 September] [Dated from Evenhuis (2008 b).]","Rondani, C. (1857) Dipterologiae italicae prodromus. Vol: II. Species italicae ordinis dipterorum in genera characteribus definita, ordinatim collectae, methodo analitica distinctae, et novis vel minus cognitis descriptis. Pars prima. Oestridae: Syrpfhidae: Conopidae. A. Stocchi, Parmae [= Parma]. 264 pp., 1 pl. [after 20 September] [For dating, see Sabrosky (1961) and Evenhuis (1997: 661).]","Lioy, A. (1864 e) I ditteri distribuiti secondo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale [part]. Atti dell'Imperial Regio Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, (3) 9, 1311 - 1352. [August] [Dated from Thompson et al. (1999).]","Marschall, A. F. de (1873) Nomenclator zoologicus continens nomina systematica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita. C. Ueberreuter, Vindobonae [= Vienna]. v + 482 pp. [5 November] [Date presented to the Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien.]","Rondani, C. (1873 b) Degli insetti nocivi e dei loro parassiti. Enumerazione con note [part]. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 5, 3 - 30. [1 May] [Dated from Poggi (2008).]"]}

61. Brachiglossum Rondani, 1856: 56. ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Leopoldius erostratus Rondani, 1843 (as “ Leopoldius (olim) Rndn. Erostratum Rndn.”). TYPE SPECIES: Leopoldius erostratus Rondani, 1843 (as “ Leopoldius (olim) Rndn. Erostratum Rndn.”), by original designation. CURRENT STATUS: Junior synonym of Leopoldius Rondani, 1843 [teste Chvála & Smith (1988: 247)]. FAMILY: CONOPIDAE. EMENDATIONS: Brachyglossum Bigot, 1858: 592 (unjustified), n. syn., Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on page 41, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1856) Dipterologiae italicae prodromus. Vol: I. Genera italica ordinis dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. A. Stocchi, Parmae [= Parma]. 226 + [2] pp. [10 September] [Dated from advertisement from publisher in Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung.]","Chvala, M. & Smith, K. G. V. (1988) Family Conopidae, pp. 245 - 272. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 8. Syrphidae - Conopidae. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam & Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 363 pp. [20 September] [Dated from Evenhuis (2008 b).]","Bigot, J. M. F. (1858) Essai d'une classification generale et synoptique de l'ordre des insectes dipteres. (VI e memoire.) Tribu des Bombylidi, (mihi). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (3) 6, 569 - 595. [24 November] [Dated from Evenhuis & Pont (2004).]"]}

Camrasiconops ater (Camras), comb. nov. (Figs 134, 135, 138, 139) Microconops ater Camras 1961: 70. Type material. Holotype (examined). ♂, New South Wales: L1: Sydney NSW; L2: Bridwell Collection; L3: HOLOTYPE Microconops ater CAMRAS (USNM 64921). Paratypes. New South Wales: 2♂, same data as holotype (CC, USNM). Additional material. Queensland: 1♂, Brisbane, 6.ix.1966; 1♀, Brown Lake, Stradbroke Island, 19.ix.1981 (all UQIC)., Published as part of Published, First, 2010, A taxonomic revision of Australian Conopidae (Insecta: Diptera) 2581, pp. 1-246 in Zootaxa 2581 on pages 79-80, {"references":["Camras, S. (1961) Notes on Australian flies of the family Conopidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 113, 61 - 76."]}

Atrichoparia curticornis (Kröber), comb. nov. (Figs 36, 37, 57, 78) Heteroconops curticornis Kröber 1940: 69. Type material. Holotype (examined) ♀, L1: Type; L2: Heteroconops curticornis, Kröb. examined & det. O. Kröber, 1938.; L3: Heteroconops curticornis Krb [hand written pencil]; L4: Yanchep. 32 mls. N. of Perth. 3– 19.xii.1935; L5: TYPE; L6: W. AUSTRALIA: R. E. Turner. B.M.1936-28. (NHM). Additional material. Western Australia: 1♂, 1♀, Dongarra, 26.ix–3.x.1933 (NHM); 1♂, 16 km NW Eneabba, 29°49’S 115°16’E, 9–12.ix.1987 (WAM); 1♂, 30 W of Coolgardie, 29.x.1958; 2♂, 2♀, 25 S Coolgardie, 28.x.1958 (all ANIC); 5♂, 1♀, Wembley, 21.x; 2.xi.1961 (WAM); 1♂, Capel Dist., 18 mi [29 km] S Bunbury, 7.vii.1957 (AM); 1♀, Porongurup NP, 11.x.1970 (ANIC)., Published as part of Published, First, 2010, A taxonomic revision of Australian Conopidae (Insecta: Diptera) 2581, pp. 1-246 in Zootaxa 2581 on page 34, {"references":["Krober, O. (1940) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Conopiden. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11), 5, 64 - 82."]}

370. Occemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853a: 130 [1853b: 50]. ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Myopa sundewalli Zetterstedt, 1844 (as “ Myopa sunderwalli: Zetterst. ”); Occemya femoralis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Occemya nitidula Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Occemya fulvifrons Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Occemya meigeni Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Myopa pallipes Wiedemann, 1824 (as “ Myopa pallipes: Megerle ”); Occemya dufouri Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Occemya grisea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Myopa atra Fabricius, 1775 (with “ Myopa femorata: Fabr. ” in synonymy); Occemya lamarckii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Occemya macquarti Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Occemya guerini Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Occemya bigoti Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Occemya brunipes Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Occemya lucasi Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853; Myopa pusilla Meigen, 1824; Myopa nana Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. TYPE SPECIES: Myopa atra Fabricius, 1775, by original designation. CURRENT STATUS: Junior synonym of Thecophora Rondani, 1845 [teste Chvála & Smith (1988: 267)]. FAMILY: CONOPIDAE. EMENDATIONS: Occemyia Schiner, 1861 a: 381 (unjustified), n. syn.; Occemyia Marschall, 1873: 339 (unjustified)., Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L., O'Hara, James E., Pape, Thomas & Pont, Adrian C., 2010, 2373, pp. 1-265 in Zootaxa 2373 on page 121, {"references":["Robineau-Desvoidy, J. - B. (1853 a) Dipteres des environs de Paris. Famille des myopaires. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de l'Yonne, 7, 83 - 160. [November]","Robineau-Desvoidy, J. - B. (1853 b) Dipteres des environs de Paris. Famille des myopaires. Gens myopariarum. Perriquet, Auxerre, France. 80 + [2] pp. [This is a separately paginated reprint of the preceding article.]","Meigen, J. W. (1824) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Vierter Theil. Schultz-Wundermann, Hamm. xii + 428 pp. [after 24 September] [Date of preface.]","Robineau-Desvoidy, J. - B. (1830) Essai sur les myodaires. Memoires presentes par divers savans a l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France (Sciences Mathematiques et Physiques), (2) 2, 813 pp. [6 June] [Date recorded as received in Bibliographie de la France.]","Chvala, M. & Smith, K. G. V. (1988) Family Conopidae, pp. 245 - 272. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 8. Syrphidae - Conopidae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 363 pp. [20 September] [Dated from Evenhuis (2008 b).]","Schiner, J. R. (1861 b) Fauna austriaca. Die Fliegen (Diptera). Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet von J. Rudolf Schiner. Mit der Charakteristik sammtlicher europaischer Gattungen, der Beschreibung aller in Deutschland vorkommenden Arten und der Aufzahlung aller bisher beschriebenen europaischen Arten. II. Theil. [Heft 6 / 7], pp. 441 - 656. \" 1862 \". C. Gerold's Sohn, Wien [= Vienna]. [4 December] [Dated from Evenhuis (1997: 695).]","Marschall, A. F. de (1873) Nomenclator zoologicus continens nomina systematica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita. C. Ueberreuter, Vindobonae [= Vienna]. v + 482 pp. [after 20 October] [Dated from Evenhuis (1997).]"]}

444. Pictinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853a: 95 [1853b: 15]. ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Pictinia fulvipalpis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853 (with “ Myopa buccata. Rob.- Desv.” in synonymy). TYPE SPECIES: Myopa buccata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, by original designation. CURRENT STATUS: Junior synonym of Myopa Fabricius, 1775 [teste Chvála & Smith (1988: 261)]. FAMILY: CONOPIDAE. REMARKS: Only one species was included in the genus, Pictinia fulvipalpis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1853, with Myopa buccata. Rob.-Desv.” [= Conops buccata Linnaeus, 1758, sensu Robineau-Desvoidy] in synonymy., Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L., O'Hara, James E., Pape, Thomas & Pont, Adrian C., 2010, 2373, pp. 1-265 in Zootaxa 2373 on pages 138-139, {"references":["Robineau-Desvoidy, J. - B. (1853 a) Dipteres des environs de Paris. Famille des myopaires. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de l'Yonne, 7, 83 - 160. [November]","Robineau-Desvoidy, J. - B. (1853 b) Dipteres des environs de Paris. Famille des myopaires. Gens myopariarum. Perriquet, Auxerre, France. 80 + [2] pp. [This is a separately paginated reprint of the preceding article.]","Robineau-Desvoidy, J. - B. (1830) Essai sur les myodaires. Memoires presentes par divers savans a l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France (Sciences Mathematiques et Physiques), (2) 2, 813 pp. [6 June] [Date recorded as received in Bibliographie de la France.]","Chvala, M. & Smith, K. G. V. (1988) Family Conopidae, pp. 245 - 272. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 8. Syrphidae - Conopidae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest. 363 pp. [20 September] [Dated from Evenhuis (2008 b).]"]}

The genus Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera, Conopidae) is represented by 14 species in the Afrotropical region, five of them endemic to Madagascar and two recorded from South Africa, one of them endemic. Fifteen specimens of Muscidae, 14 from Madagascar and one from South Africa, belonging to 10 species, impaled with Stylogaster eggs were examined. Among them, three new muscid host species were found. The dissected eggs were all similar, suggesting the presence of the same species in both localities, what is not recorded until now. The available data on the dipteran Stylogaster eggs hosts in Africa is summarized. Color photos of the material examined are presented. O gênero Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera, Conopidae) é representado por 14 espécies na região Afrotropical, cinco delas endêmicas para Madagascar e duas assinaladas na África do Sul, uma delas endêmica. Quinze exemplares de Muscidae, 14 de Madagascar e um da África do Sul, pertencentes a 10 espécies, empalados com ovos de Stylogaster foram examinados. Entre eles, três novas espécies hospedeiras de muscidae foram encontradas. Os ovos dissecados eram todos similares, sugerindo a presença da mesma espécie nas duas localidades, o que ainda não está registrado. As informações disponíveis sobre hospedeiros dípteros de ovos de Stylogaster na África são resumidas. Fotos coloridas do material examinado são apresentadas.

Blaaskopvliegen zijn bijzondere insecten. De volwassen vliegen zitten vaak op bloemen en bladeren, waar ze opvallen door het gekromde achterlijf of door hun treffende gelijkenis met bepaalde wespen. De vrouwtjes zetten na een agressieve vlucht hun eieren af op wespen, hommels en andere aculeaten zoals Halictus, Lasioglossum en Andrena. Het achterlijfsuiteinde bevat een soort blikopener, waarmee de achterlijfssegmenten van het slachtoffer uit elkaar gewrikt worden. Dan wordt met de stevig gechitiniseerde achterlijfspunt het vlies tussen de segmenten doorgeprikt en een ei afgezet in het abdomen. De larven leven als interne parasiet in de gastheer. Recentelijk werd Leopoldius valvatus bij Amsterdam en Berlijn aangetroffen. Dit waren opmerkelijk genoeg de eerste vondsten uit Nederland en Duitsland. Het is nog onduidelijk of deze vondsten een recente uitbreiding van het areaal betreffen of dat de soort jarenlang over het hoofd gezien is. Het soortenaantal in Nederland komt met deze nieuwe vondst op 33.

1 In natural populations, colonies of bumble bees vary in many important life history traits, such as colony size and age at maturity, or the number and sex of reproductives produced. We investigated how the presence of parasites in field populations of the bumble bee Bombus lucorum L. relates to variation in life history traits and reproductive performance. A total of thirty-six colonies was placed in accessible nest sites in the field and monitored at regular intervals throughout a season. 2 Among the life history correlates, early nest foundation was strongly associated with large maximum colony size, old age and large size at maturity, and this in turn with successful production of males and queens, as well as with the number of sexuals produced. Overall, reproductive success was highly skewed with only five colonies producing all the queens. Sixteen colonies failed to reproduce altogether. 3 The social parasite Psithyrus was abundant early in the Bombus colony cycle and preferentially invaded host nests with many first brood workers and thus disproportionately large size, i.e. those colonies that would otherwise be more likely to reproduce or produce (daughter) queens rather than males. To prevent nest loss, Psithyrus had to be removed soon after invasion. Therefore, the effects reported here can only be crude estimates. 4 Parasitoid conopid flies are likely to cause heavy worker mortality when sexuals are reared by the colonies. Their inferred effect was a reduction in biomass that could be invested in sexuals as well as a shift in the sex ratio at the population level resulting from failure to produce queens. We suggest to group the inferred correlates into ‘early events’ surrounding colony initiation and social parasitism, and ‘late events’ surrounding attained colony size in summer and parasitism by conopid flies. Our evidence thus provides a heuristic approach to understand the factors that affect reproductive success of Bombus colonies.

As espécies brasileiras de Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 do grupo stylata são detalhadamente estudadas e redescritas: Stylogaster brasilia Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. dispar Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. longispina Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. rafaeli Camras & Parrillo, 1996, S. souzai Monteiro, 1960, and S. stylata (Fabricius, 1805). Uma nova espécie do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro - S. fluminensis sp. nov., é descrita e comparada com S. stylosa Townsend, 1897, redescrita com base no material-tipo. Diagnoses, chaves de identificação, distribuição geográfica e ilustrações são também fornecidas. The Brazilian species of Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 from the stylata group are studied and redescribed in detail: Stylogaster brasilia Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. dispar Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. longispina Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. rafaeli Camras & Parrillo, 1996, S. souzai Monteiro, 1960, and S. stylata (Fabricius, 1805). A new species from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro - S. fluminensis sp. nov., is described and compared with S. stylosa Townsend, 1897, which is also redescribed based on type material. Diagnosis, keys for identification, geographic distributions and illustrations are also provided.

As espécies brasileiras de Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 do grupo stylata são detalhadamente estudadas e redescritas: Stylogaster brasilia Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. dispar Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. longispina Camras & Parrillo, 1985, S. rafaeli Camras & Parrillo, 1996, S. souzai Monteiro, 1960, and S. stylata (Fabricius, 1805). Uma nova espécie do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro - S. fluminensis sp. nov., é descrita e comparada com S. stylosa Townsend, 1897, redescrita com base no material-tipo. Diagnoses, chaves de identificação, distribuição geográfica e ilustrações são também fornecidas.

Higher trophic level species such as parasites, parasitoids, and pathogens are frequently ignored in community studies, despite playing key roles in the structure, function, and stability of ecological communities. Furthermore, such species are typically among the last in a community to reestablish due to their reliance upon lower trophic level resources and a requirement for persistent, stable ecological conditions. Consequently their presence alone can be indicative of healthy ecosystems. Using replicated, quantitative food webs we studied the impacts of a restoration treatment upon the interactions of a tri-trophic community consisting of plants, their bumble bee pollinators, and the parasites, parasitoids, and pathogens of the bumble bees at heathland sites. We found the lower trophic levels of the community successfully reinstated at restored relative to control sites. However the abundance, load per host, prevalence of parasitism, prevalence of superparasitism, and host range of a key dipteran parasitoid of the family Conopidae were all significantly reduced in restored heathlands. Potential causes for this incomplete reestablishment at restored sites include the lag in floral resources due to differences in floral species composition, and the reduced ability of this parasitoid species in accessing host resources relative to other natural enemy species present in these communities. Moreover the incomplete reinstatement of the natural enemy community was found to significantly reduce levels of network vulnerability (a measure of how vulnerable prey is to being consumed) at restored sites relative to ancient, control networks.

Pleurocerinella tibialis CHEN, 1939 CHEN (1939: 196-197). Material: China: 1 ♀, 17.VIII.1930, „Yati“, coll. CHVÁLA. Das einzige vorliegende Tier hat dieselben Daten wie der Holotypus, ist aber ein Weibchen. Es handelt sich daher um ein bemerkenswerterweise nicht erwähntes zweites Tier vom Locus typicus („Ya-ti“, China). Der Holotypus befindet sich in der Sammlung der Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS) und stand zur Bearbeitung nicht zur Verfügung. Der Beleg von Pleurocerinella tibialis ähnelt im weiblichen Geschlecht Pleurocerinella dioctriaeformis ausserordentlich. Da von beiden Arten jeweils nur ein Weibchen vorliegt, kann nicht beurteilt werden, ob die insgesamt schmaler wirkende Theka von Pleurocerinella tibialis ein zuverlässiges Diagnosemerkmal ist. Die männlichen Genitalien von Pleurocerinella tibialis sind unbekannt. Die Flügelfärbung von Pleurocerinella tibialis ist von der von Pleurocerinella dioctriaformis nicht zu unterscheiden. Die in der Originalbeschreibung erwähnte metallische Flügelfärbung von Pleurocerinella tibialis („Ailes pluis ou moins rembrunies avec un reflectt métallique“) kann bei dem vorliegenden Tier nicht bestätigt werden. Eventuell liegt das am Alter des Tieres. Trotzdem bleibt fraglich, ob dieses Merkmal zur Unterscheidung von den beiden Arten herangezogen werden kann. Das einzige Merkmal zur Trennung der beiden Arten ist daher die unterschiedliche Bestäubung des Mesoscutums. Ausser vom Locus typicus wurde Pleurocerinella tibialis von ZIMINA (1964) aus „Southern Primorýe (Maritime Territory)“ und von MAETA (1993) aus Japan gemeldet. Aufgrund der dargestellten Bestimmungsschwierigkeiten sollten diese Nachweise aber überprüft werden., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2009, Vier neue Arten der Gattung Pleurocerinella B, 1923 und Anmerkungen zu weiteren Arten der Gattung (Diptera: Conopidae), pp. 211-231 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1) on page 225, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.211-231, http://zenodo.org/record/5364706, {"references":["CHEN, S. H. 1939: Etude sur les Dipteres Conopides de la Chine. - Notes d' Entomologie Chinoise 6: 161 - 231.","ZIMINA, L. V. 1964: Some interesting Diptera (Conopidae and Syrphidae) from the Far East. - Entomological Review 43: 236 - 238.","MAETA, Y. & MACFARLANE, R. P. 1993: Japanese Conopidae (Diptera): Their Biology, Overall Distribution, and Role as Parasites of Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). - Japanese Journal of Entomology 61: 493 - 509."]}

Pleurocerinella copelandi STUKE spec. nov. (Fig. 4-7, 30-31) Holotypus: 1 ♂ aus Botswana mit folgenden Etiketten: (1) „ BOTSWANA: Serowe / Farmer´s Bridge / Forchhammer No. 10 / Jan 1992, Malaise / trap, SE2226BD“; (2) „ FMNH-INS / 0000 040 092“; (3) „ Pleurocerinella / albohalterata / Smith / det. Camras “; (4) „ Holotypus / Pleurocerinella / copelandi / Stuke det 2009“ [Das Abdomen des Holotypus ist abgetrennt, mazeriert und befindet sich in einem mit Glyzerin gefüllten Plastikröhrchen am Tier. Ansonsten ist das Tier vollständig und abgesehen von den typischen Effekten durch das Trocknen von Alkoholmaterial gut erhalten.] Paratypus: Namibia: 1 ♂, Otavi, 25.XII.1932, leg. L. Ogilvie, coll. BMNH [det. Kröber, 1938, als „ Pleurocerinella dioctriaeformis Rrun. “]. Der Holotypus befindet sich in der Sammlung Camras, die in die Sammlung des Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (FMNH) integriert werden wird. Der Paratypus befindet sich in der Sammlung des Natural History Museum [früher British Museum (Natural History)] (BMNH). Beschreibung des Holotypus (♂): Gesamtlänge 5,1 mm (Abdomenspitze bis Stirn, ohne Fühlerlänge). Kopf: Kopfhöhe etwa 0,9 mm (maximale Länge Augenoberrand bis Kopfunterrand, Ungenauigkeiten ergeben sich, da der Kopf beim Trocknen etwas eingefallen ist). Auge unbehaart, rotbraun. Ocellen orangebraun, auf einem schwach bestäubten schwarzen Ocellenhöcker gut sichtbar. Scapus und Pedicellus schwarzbraun, Postpedicellus dunkelbraun und ventral aufgehellt. Aussenseite des Scapus und gesamter Pedicellus mit schwarzen Haaren. Stylus zweigliedrig, basales Glied deutlich nach unten ausgezogen. Eventuell kann das zu erwartende dritte Stylusglied bei dem getrockneten Tier nicht mehr erkannt werden. Form der Fühlerglieder entsprechend Fig. 6. Stirn dunkelbraun und apikal gelbbraun werdend, unbehaart, am Hinterrand mit silberner Bestäubung. Vertex glänzend schwarzbraun mit langen schwarzen Haaren. Occiput schwarzbraun, ventral aufgehellt gelbbraun. Occiput mit dichter silberner Bestäubung und einzelnen schwarzen Haaren. Parafacia schmaler als Postpedicellus, gelb, silbern bestäubt, mit einzelnen schwarzen Haaren am Übergang zur Fühlergrube. Fühlergruben und Mittelkiel mit Clypeus gelb, dicht silbern bestäubt. Genae gelb, nur schwach bestäubt. Rüssel schwarz, Labellum erweitert (Fig. 3), rudimentäre Palpen braun. Thorax: Thorax schwarz. Mesoscutum, Postpronotum (Humerus) und Scutellum mit schwarzen Haaren. 2 Borsten am Propleuron oberhalb der Vordercoxen, 2 Borsten am dorsalen Hinterrand des Katepisternums. Pleuren weiss bestäubt, nur das Katepisternum in der Mitte glänzend. Mesoscutum bis auf submediale Streifen deutlich bestäubt (Fig. 5). Vordercoxe gelbbraun, Mittel- und Hintercoxen schwarzbraun. Alle Coxen mit einzelnen schwarzen Haaren und dicht silbern bestäubt. Trochanter gelbbraun, unbestäubt, ebenfalls mit einzelnen schwarzen Haaren. Hinterfemur an Basis und an Spitze schmal gelbbraun, ansonsten schwarzbraun. Mittel- und Vorderfemur heller gelbbraun. Hintertibie basal zu einem Drittel blassgelb, ansonsten schwarz. Vorder- und Mitteltibie blassgelb, im apikalen Drittel schwach verdunkelt. Tarsen gelbbraun, durch die dichte schwarze Behaarung dunkler wirkend. Klauen, Pulvillen und Empodien hellgelb bis auf schwarzes apikales Drittel der Klauen. Beine schwarz behaart, ohne schwarze Borsten an der Unterseite der Femora. Apikale Hälfte der Hintertibien ventral genauso wie alle Basitarsen mit dichter hellgelber Behaarung. Flügellänge 3,5 mm (gemessen von Flügelspitze bis Tegula). Flügel vollständig hyalin. Flügel bis auf die Basis der vorderen Basalzelle (br), die hintere Basalzelle (bm), die basale Costalzelle (bc), die Basis der Subcostalzelle (sc) und die Basis der Radialzelle (r1) vollständig mit Mikrotrichen besetzt. Flügeladerung entsprechend Figur 7. Haltere gelbweiss, basal hellbraun. Sowohl am Capitulum als auch am Pedicellus einzelne schwarzen Borsten. Obere und untere Calyptra gelbweiss, obere Calyptra am Rand mit hellen Härchen besetzt. Abdomen: Abdomen schwarzbraun. Bestäubung kann am mazerierten Tier nicht nachgewiesen werden. Tergite und Sternite vollständig mit schwarzen Haaren besetzt. Sternit 5 am Hinterrand mit breitem schwarzem Borstenfeld. Epandrien distal vor den Cerci verschmolzen (Fig. 31). Unpaarer Zahn an Aedeagus entsprechend Figur 30. Beschreibung ♀: Das Weibchen dieser Art ist unbekannt geblieben. Variationsbreite: Bei dem Paratypus ist der Vorderfemur geringfügig stärker verdunkelt. Die Flügel sind 4 mm lang. Derivatio nominis: Die Art wird nach dem Sammler Robert Copeland benannt. Der Autor ist ausserordentlich dankbar für das vielfältige Conopiden-Material, das Robert Copeland aus Afrika gesammelt hat und zur Bearbeitung zur Verfügung gestellt hat. Unter anderem befanden sich darunter auch zwei Weibchen von Pleurocerinella, die zu Pleurocerinella copelandi gehören könnten. Diagnose: Die Bestimmung der Art ist mit dem unten beigefügten Bestimmungsschlüssel möglich. Pleurocerinella copelandi ist besonders durch das medial stark bestäubte Mesoscutum charakerisiert (Fig. 5) und kann durch dieses Merkmal von allen anderen bekannt gewordenen afrotropischen Pleurocerinella –Arten unterschieden werden. Diagnosis: The identification characteristics of this species are set out in the key below. Pleurocerinella copelandi is characterised by having the mesoscutum strongly dusted medially and can be differentiated by this character from all other afrotropical Pleurocerinella species. Verbreitung: Pleurocerinella copelandi kommt nach dem hier untersuchten Material in Botswana und Namibia vor., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2009, Vier neue Arten der Gattung Pleurocerinella B, 1923 und Anmerkungen zu weiteren Arten der Gattung (Diptera: Conopidae), pp. 211-231 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1) on pages 215-218, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.211-231, http://zenodo.org/record/5364706

Key to the species of the genus Pleurocerinella BRUNETTI, 1923 1 Wing cell r1 with at least the basal half lacking microtrichia; all femora uniformly black or dark brown; distribution: Palaearctic and Oriental regions.......................................... 2 - Wing cell r1 completely or mostly covered with microtrichia; fore and middle femora orange brown or clearly paler than the hind femur; distribution: Afrotropical region............... 5 2 Anterior anepisternum shining, with a dense dusted stripe posteriorly (Fig. 18); ♂ -genitalia: epandrium margins fused completely distal to the cerci; lacks a robust single tooth at the tip of the aedeagus (Fig. 28)............................... srilankai STUKE &SAMRAS spec. nov. - Anepisternum completely dusted, or if shining, then without a dense dusted stripe; ♂ - genitalia: epandrium margins separated distal to the cerci (character state remains unknown in tibialis); may have an obvious robust single tooth at the tip of the aedeagus (at present, only known in dioctriaeformis).................................................................................... 3 3 Anepisternum, postpronotum, edges of the mesoscutum and upper part of the frons shining; wing apex not clearly brownish-tinged; last segment of the male abdomen (tergite 6) elongated (Fig. 22); structure of the aedeagus remains unknown................. violaceae KRÖBER, 1930 - Anepisternum, postpronotum, edges of the mesoscutum and upper part of the frons obviously dusted; wing apex clearly brownish tinged; last segment of the male abdomen (tergite 6) of dioctriaeformis not elongated (Fig. 23), ♂ of tibialis remains unknown............... 4 4 Mesoscutum only dusted laterally, shining medially; ♂ -genitalia: single robust tooth at the tip of the aedeagus as in Fig. 26.................................. dioctriaeformis BRUNETTI, 1923 - Mesoscutum completely dusted; ♂ -genitalia remains unknown..... tibialis CHEN, 1939 5 Wing completely covered with microtrichia; femora and tibiae orange; hind femur lacking black spines ventrally; mesoscutum shining laterally; ♂ -genitalia: epandrium margins fused completely distal to the cerci; tooth at the tip of the aedeagus as in Figur 25............................................................................................................... albohalterata SMITH, 1960 - Wing cells bm and br lacking microtrichia basally; at least hind femur dark-brown to lightbrown; hind femur with or without black spines ventrally; mesoscutum dusted laterally; ♂ -genitalia: epandrium margins separated or fused distal to the cerci.......................... 6 6 Mesoscutum dusted laterally and medially, submedially shining; tooth at the tip of the aedeagus as in Fig. 30.......................................................... copelandi STUKE spec. nov. - Mesoscutum only dusted laterally, medially shining.................................................... 7, Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2009, Vier neue Arten der Gattung Pleurocerinella B, 1923 und Anmerkungen zu weiteren Arten der Gattung (Diptera: Conopidae), pp. 211-231 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1) on page 230, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.211-231, http://zenodo.org/record/5364706, {"references":["BRUNETTI, E. 1923: Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Conopidae, Oestridae. - Fauna of British India 3: xi + 1 - 424.","KROBER, O. 1930: Die Dipterenausbeute der Sunda-Expedition Rensch. Beitrag II: Therevidae und Conopidae. - Zoologischer Anzeiger 89: 65 - 73.","CHEN, S. H. 1939: Etude sur les Dipteres Conopides de la Chine. - Notes d' Entomologie Chinoise 6: 161 - 231.","SMITH, K. G. V. 1960: A new species of Pleurocerinella BRUNETTI (Dipt., Conopidae) from south Africa. - Untomologist's Monthly Magazine 96: 43 - 44."]}

Pleurocerinella dioctriaeformis BRUNETTI 1923 (Fig. 21, 23, 26) BRUNETTI (1923: 368-369). Lectotypus: 1 ♂ aus Indien mit folgenden Etiketten: (1) „ SYNTYPE “ [rundes Etikett mit blauem Rand]; (2) „Simla / 8.98.“; (3) „ Syntype ♂ of / Pleurocerinella / dioctriaeformis / Brunetti, 1923 / India: Simia / coll. C. G. Nurse“; (4) „ Lectotypus / Pleurocerinella / dioctriaeformis / Brunetti, 1923 / Stuke des. 2008“. [Der Lectotypus befindet sich in der Sammlung des Natural History Museum [früher British Museum (Natural History)] (BMNH). Ausser dem fehlenden rechten Hinterbein und fehlenden Fühlern ist er in gutem Zustand.] Weiteres Material: China: 1 ♂, „Charbin“ (= Harbin), 02.VIII.1938, coll. Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg (DEI); - Nepal: 1 ♀, Ktmd., Godavari, 5000', 03.-07.VIII.1967, Can. Nepal, Exped., coll. Camras; 1 ♂, Ktmd., Godavari, 5000', R. Bot. Gdn. 17.VII.1967, Can. Nepal, Exped., coll. Camras; 1 ♂, Ktmd., Godavari, 6000', 20.-22.VII.1967, Malaise trap, Can. Exp., coll. Camras. Es wurde nur ein Tier aus der Syntypenserie von insgesamt drei Tieren ausgeliehen. Um den Gebrauch des Namens zu stabilisieren, wird dieses Exemplar als Lectotypus designiert. Beschrieben wurde die Art von Simla (= Shimla [Indien]) und Maskeliya [Sri Lanka]. Der Paralectoypus aus Sri Lanka wurde nicht untersucht und es ist nicht auszuschliessen, dass es sich dabei um die hier neu beschriebene und ähnliche Pleurocerinella srilankai handelt. Bei Meldungen für Afrika (BRUNETTI 1925, SMITH 1980) ist es wahrscheinlich, dass es sich um Verwechselungen mit einer der in dieser Arbeit beschriebenen afrotropischen Pleurocerinella handelt. Es liegen als Pleurocerinella dioctriaeformis fehlbestimmt Tiere von Pleurocerinella haladai und Pleurocerinella bartaki vor. Demnach wäre Pleurocerinella dioctriaeformis nach geprüften Belegen nur aus dem nördlichen Indien, Nepal und Nordchina bekannt., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2009, Vier neue Arten der Gattung Pleurocerinella B, 1923 und Anmerkungen zu weiteren Arten der Gattung (Diptera: Conopidae), pp. 211-231 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1) on page 218, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.211-231, http://zenodo.org/record/5364706, {"references":["BRUNETTI, E. 1923: Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Conopidae, Oestridae. - Fauna of British India 3: xi + 1 - 424.","BRUNETTI, E. 1925: New Afrikan Conopidae. - Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9: 101 - 112."]}

Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2009): Vier neue Arten der Gattung Pleurocerinella B , 1923 und Anmerkungen zu weiteren Arten der Gattung (Diptera: Conopidae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1): 211-231, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.211-231, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1746

Pleurocerinella haladai STUKE spec. nov. (Fig. 8-14, 27, 32) Holotypus: 1 ♂ aus Mozambik mit folgenden Etiketten: (1) „ Mozambik -CW / 35km SW Chimoio / S 19°08' E 33°09' / 700m 14.12.200 5 / Kadlecová leg.“; (2) „ Holotypus / Pleurocerinella haladai / spec. nov. ♂ / Stuke det. 2008“ [Der Holotypus ist komplett und in gutem Zustand.] Paratypen: Mozambik: 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Daten wie Holotypus, leg. Kadlecová & Hallada, coll. Bartak & Stuke; - Zimbabwe: Umtali [= Mutare], II.1917, coll. BMNH [det. Brunetti, 1924, als „ Pleurocerinella dioctriaeformis Brun. ♂ “]. Der Holotypus wird in der Sammlung des Deutschen Entomologischen Instituts (Müncheberg) aufbewahrt. Paratypen befinden sich in der Sammlung des Natural History Museum [früher British Museum (Natural History)] (BMNH) und den Privatsammlungen von Barták und Stuke. Beschreibung des Holotypus ( ♂ ): Gesamtlänge 8,5 mm (Abdomenspitze bis Stirn, ohne Fühlerlänge). Kopf: Kopfhöhe 1,5 mm (maximale Länge Augenoberrand bis Kopfunterrand). Auge unbehaart, rotbraun, Facetten im vorderen Augenbereich grösser. Ocellen orangebraun, auf einem glänzenden schwarzen Ocellenhöcker gut sichtbar. Scapus und Pedicellus schwarz, Postpedicellus dunkelbraun und ventral aufgehellt. Aussenseite des Scapus und gesamter Pedicellus mit schwarzen Haaren. Stylus dreigliedrig, mittleres Glied deutlich nach unten ausgezogen. Form der Fühlerglieder entsprechend Figur 2. Stirn schwarz, unbehaart, am Hinterrand mit silberner Bestäubung. Vertex glänzend schwarz mit langen schwarzen Haaren. Occiput schwarz mit dichter silberner Bestäubung und einzelnen schwarzen Haaren. Parafacia schmaler als Postpedicellus, gelb, silbern bestäubt, mit einzelnen schwarzen Haaren am Übergang zur Fühlergrube. Fühlergruben im oberen Bereich dunkelbraun, ansonsten gelb, dicht silbern bestäubt. Mittelkiel mit Clypeus gelb. Genae gelb, nur schwach bestäubt. Rüssel schwarz, Labellum erweitert (Fig. 10). Thorax: Thorax schwarz. Mesoscutum, Postpronotum (Humerus) und Scutellum mit schwarzen Haaren. 2 Borsten am Propleuron oberhalb der Vordercoxen, mehrere Borsten am dorsalen Hinterrand des Katepisternums. Pleuren mit weissen Mikrotrichen besetzt, die aber bis auf einen breiten Streifen von den Mittelcoxen bis kurz vor die Flügelbasis (Schillerstreifen, Fig. 11) unauffällig bleiben. Mesoscutum nur lateral schwach bestäubt. Coxen schwarzbraun, mit einzelnen schwarzen Haaren; Vordercoxe vollständig dicht bestäubt, Mittel- und Hintercoxe nur lateral. Trochanter gelbbraun, unbestäubt, ebenfalls mit einzelnen schwarzen Haaren. Femora an Basis und an Spitze schmal gelbbraun, Hinterfemur ansonsten schwarz, Mittel- und Vorderfemur ansonsten braun. Hintertibie basal zu einem Drittel blassgelb, ansonsten schwarz. Vorder- und Mitteltibie blassgelb mit schwarzen Flecken im apikalen Drittel. Tarsen gelbbraun, durch die dichte schwarze Behaarung dunkler wirkend. Klauen, Pulvillen und Empodien hellgelb bis auf schwarzes apikales Drittel der Klauen. Beine schwarz behaart. An den apikalen Unterseiten der Femora jeweils an der Vorder- und Rückseite eine Reihe einzelner kräftiger Borsten. Apikale Hälfte der Hintertibien ventral genauso wie alle Basitarsen mit dichter hellgelber Behaarung. Flügellänge 5,5 mm (gemessen von Flügelspitze bis Tegula). Flügel bis auf die vordere Basalzelle (br), die hintere Basalzelle (bm), die basale Costalzelle (bc), die Basis der Subcostalzelle (sc) und die Basis der Radialzelle (r1) vollständig mit Mikrotrichen besetzt. Flügeladerung und Färbung entsprechend Figur 12. Haltere gelbweiss, basal hellbraun. Sowohl am Capitulum als auch am Pedicellus kleine Felder mit einzelnen schwarzen Borsten. Obere und untere Calyptra gelbweiss, obere Calyptra am Rand mit hellen Härchen besetzt. Abdomen: Abdomen schwarz. Unbestäubt bis auf schmale Flecken lateral an den Hinterrändern von Tergit 1-3 und das ganze Sternit 1. Tergite und soweit erkennbar auch Sternite vollständig mit schwarzen Haaren besetzt. Sternit 5 am Hinterrand mit breitem schwarzem Borstenfeld. Form des Abdomen entsprechend Figur 1. Die Genitalien des Holotypus wurden nicht untersucht. Beschreibung ♀: Das Weibchen ähnelt dem Männchen mit Ausnahme der geschlechtsspezifischen Ausbildung der Abdomenspitze. Die Theka ist in Figur 13 dargestellt, Sternit 6 in Figur 14. Variationsbreite: Der Pedicellus ist nicht immer ganz schwarz, sondern kann basal aufgehellt sein. Die Färbung der Mittel- und Vorderbeine ist variabel und kann überwiegend dunkelbraun bis gelb sein. Die Flügellänge variiert von 4,8 - 7,1 mm. Die ♂ -Genitalien wurden bei zwei Paratypen untersucht: Die Epandrien sind distal vor den Cerci getrennt. Der unpaare Zahn an der Aedeagusspitze entspricht Figur 27. Derivatio nominis: Die Art wird nach dem Sammler der Typenserie Jiří Halada (Prag) benannt. Der Autor ist ausserordentlich dankbar für das vielfältige Conopiden-Material, das Jiří Halada aus verschiedenen Regionen der Welt gesammelt hat. Diagnose: Die Bestimmung der Art ist mit dem unten beigefügten Bestimmungsschlüssel möglich. Die Männchen von Pleurocerinella haladai unterscheiden sich leicht von allen anderen afrotropischen Pleurocerinella an dem vor den Cerci getrennten Epandrium (Fig. 32). Diagnosis: The identification characteristics of this species are set out in the key below. Pleurocerinella haladai differs from all other afrotropical Pleurocerinella in the male by having the epandrium margins separated distal to the cerci (Fig. 32). Verbreitung: Pleurocerinella haladai kommt nach bisherigem Kenntnisstand in Mozambik und Zimbabwe vor., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2009, Vier neue Arten der Gattung Pleurocerinella B, 1923 und Anmerkungen zu weiteren Arten der Gattung (Diptera: Conopidae), pp. 211-231 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1) on pages 218-222, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.211-231, http://zenodo.org/record/5364706

Pleurocerinella violacea KRÖBER, 1930 (Fig. 20, 22) KRÖBER (1930: 72-73). Holotypus: 1 ♂ aus Indonesien mit folgenden Etiketten: (1) „ Type “ [gedruckt, rot]; (2) „Sunda-Exp. Rensch / Rana Mêsé / 20.-21.6.27“ [gedruckt]; (3) „ Pleurocerinella / violacea Krb. / det. Kröber 1930 “ [erste zwei Zeilen handschriftlich]; „ Type “ [rot, gedruckt]. - [Der Typus befindet sich in der Sammlung der Martin Luther Universität, Halle (MLUH) und ist in tadellosem Zustand]. Bislang ist von dieser Art nur das Typenmaterial aus „West Fores, Rana Mêsé“ [Flores, Indonesien] bekannt geworden. Pleurocerinella spec. Es liegen vier Tiere vor, die nicht zugeordnet werden können. Zwei Weibchen aus Kenia (Eastern Prov., Kibwesi Forest, 02°27,90'S, 37°54,91'E, Malaise-Falle, 13.-20.XI.1999, leg. R. S. Copeland, coll. Copeland et Stuke) könnten wegen des bestäubten Mesoscutums zu Pleurocerinella copelandi gehören. Aufgrund der Entfernung zum beschriebenen Vorkommen und wegen der Unsicherheit bei der Bestimmung der Weibchen sollen diese Tiere aber zunächst unbestimmt bleiben. Zwei Männchen aus Südafrika (1 ♂, Cathedral peak, Forestry reserve, Natal, Drakensberg, III.1959, leg. B. R. & P. J. Stuckenberg, coll. Camras [det. Camras, 1962, als „ Pleurocerinella albohalterata “]) und Tanzania (1 ♂, Dodoma pr., 60km N Kondoa, S04°36', E 35°46', 1570 m, 19.XII.2006, leg. Halada, coll. Stuke) können nicht zugeordnet werden und gehören vermutlich zu zwei weiteren unbeschriebenen Arten. Die Abgrenzung dieser Arten gegen die benannten Arten ist im Bestimmungsschlüssel dargestellt. Es scheint mir aber notwendig zu sein weiteres Material aus der Gattung Pleurocerinella zu sichten um den Status sicher klären zu können., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2009, Vier neue Arten der Gattung Pleurocerinella B, 1923 und Anmerkungen zu weiteren Arten der Gattung (Diptera: Conopidae), pp. 211-231 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1) on page 225, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.211-231, http://zenodo.org/record/5364706, {"references":["KROBER, O. 1930: Die Dipterenausbeute der Sunda-Expedition Rensch. Beitrag II: Therevidae und Conopidae. - Zoologischer Anzeiger 89: 65 - 73.","CAMRAS, S. 1962: Records and descriptions of African Conopidae (Diptera). - Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 66: 203 - 242."]}

Conopid flies (Conopidae, Diptera) are common larval parasites of bumblebees. The larva develops inside the abdomen of workers, queens and males. Development is completed within 10–12 days after oviposition when the host is killed and the parasite pupates in situ. Development results in parasitised bees becoming unable to carry large loads of nectar, as the conopid larvae reside where the honey crop is normally located. Furthermore, an addition to the bee's unloaden body mass is likely (average larval weight reached at pupation by the common parasite species Sicus ferrugineus: ±SD 36.3±12.3 mg, n=59; by Physocephala rufipes: 55.8±16.9 mg, n=108). We here asked whether the propensity of workers of the bumblebee Bombus pascuorum to collect nectar rather than pollen is related to the presence of conopid larvae. For samples of bees (n=2254 workers) collected over 3 years of field studies in northwestern Switzerland, there was no difference in the frequency of bees caught as pollen collectors among parasitised (38.1% of cases, n=210) as compared to non-parastised bees (43.9%, n=360) (χ2=1.83, n.s.). However, compared to the non-parasitised bees (n=360), those hosts containing a third (last) instar larva (n=9) were less likely to collect pollen than expected by chance χ2=6.91, P=0.003. Similarly, hosts with short survival time between capture and being killed by the developing larva (which hence must have harboured a late instar parasite at time of capture) were less likely to collect pollen (8%, n=25) than those found not parasitised (37.6%, n=891 χ2=9.16, P