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Low-carbon governance at the county level has been an important issue for sustainable development due to the large contributions to carbon emission. However, the experiences of carbon emission governance at the county level are lacking. This paper discusses 5 carbon emission governance zones for 1753 counties. The zoning is formed according to a differentiated zoning method based on a multi-indicator evaluation to judge if the governance had better focus and had formulated a differentiated carbon emission governance system. According to zoning results, there is 1 high-carbon governance zone, 2 medium-carbon governance zones, and 2 low-carbon zones. The extensive high-carbon governance zone and medium-carbon zones are key governance areas, in which the counties are mainly located in the northern plain areas and southeast coastal areas and have contributed 51.88% of total carbon emissions. This paper proposes differentiated governance standards for each indicator of the 5 zones. The differentiated zoning method mentioned in this paper can be applied to other governance issues of small-scale regions.

Background Recent news reports state that racial minority groups, such as African–Americans, are experiencing a greater COVID-19 burden, as measured by confirmed cases and deaths. Limited racial data is available on a national level. Methods We conducted the first nationwide analysis to examine COVID-19 and race on a county level. We obtained datasets on COVID-19 cases and deaths, and racial population totals, by US county. We examined if correlations exist between the racial percentages and percentages of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths by county. Results A positive correlation existed between percentages of African–Americans living in a county and who have COVID-19 (r  = 0.254, P  < 0.0001), who have died from COVID-19 (r  = 0.268, P  < 0.0001), and case mortality (r  = 0.055, P  = 0.003). Positive correlations also existed between percentages of Asian–Americans living in counties and these factors. Negative correlations existed between percentages of Whites living in counties and these factors. Conclusions A weak, albeit very significant, positive relationship exists between the percentage of African–Americans living in a county and the percentage of COVID-19 confirmed cases, confirmed deaths and case mortality in the county. This is in support of many city and statewide analyses, and we urge for targeted resources towards work that further examine these racial associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is trying to present local revenues collection rate in Romania between 2008-2013. It is treating local revenues collection rate from Romania at national, regional, county and local level. The highest local revenues collection rate was 85,38% in 2013 and the lowest collection rate was 80,23% in 2009. The average of the collection rate in urban area was 81,69% and 81,68%. NV Region has the best collection rate and S Region the lowest. From all 3228 local authorities Mintiu Gherlii from Cluj county has the highest collection rate(114,46%) and the lowest Fruntişeni from Vaslui(41,81%). We also pointed out the factors that are influencing the collection rate.

The Romanian Population by Gender and Age Groups in 2011. Following the previous studies on the demographic characteristics of the Romanian population, ethnicity and religion, this study covers the geodemographic issues of gender and age groups. As compared to the previous studies, our analysis covers these major population features in strong connection with the numerical evolution of the population, strongly determined by the socioeconomic background before 1990 and afterwards. We used the official data of the census in 2011 provided by the National Institute of Statistics. In order to create a representative picture of the Romanian population by gender and age groups, we employed the data illustrating the state of these two indicators in tables and maps. As compared to the values registered in 1992, the Romanian population in 2011 registered a decrease of 11.79%, relatively balanced in terms of gender structure, the male population holding a share of 48.65% and the female population, a share of 51.35%. The age structure also reveals a relative balance between active adult population (56.32%) and the young and old population, together holding a share of 43.68%. Spatially, the structure of the Romanian population by gender and age structure, show differences at county level and also at a larger scale.

The study is focused on training of the local self-government officials. The intention was to highlight the law regulation which sets conditions for further education of officials as well as for contributing to the acquisition of additional knowledge and skills in public administration. The aim of the empirical part was to determine the occupational structure of the new local self-government officials, the length of their practice, and whether experiences learned in previous jobs can be applied in the exercise of the state administration. A partial aim was to evaluate the benefit of the general training course to obtain a certificate of special professional competence of officials which is regulated by the Act No. 312/2002 Coll. of Officials of Municipalities and Amended of the Law.

Peanut is an important oil and economic crop in China. The object was to determine the ecological suitability of peanut planting counties in China. 13 indexes of climate and soil were selected. These indices were closely related to peanut production. Chinese county in the administrative divisions was evaluated as investigation u-nit. By using 2005 -2014 climate and soil basic data, the database of ecological suitability evaluation was established through ArcGISplatform. Analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy data method and comprehensive index model were used to obtain the evaluation index. Results led to 4 different grades including the most suitable (0.70 - 0.89], suitable (0.56 - 0.70], sub-suitable (0.42 - 0.56], and unsuitable (0.11 - 0.42]. Among the 4 grades, the suitable grade contained the most evaluation units, and the others were in the order of sub-suitable, most suitable and unsuitable. The grades were zonal distributed. With the most suitable area as the center, suitable and sub-suitable areas were extended to both sides. The areas of the most suitable and suitable grades were mainly distributed in plains, basins, valley areas and oasis, which were concentrated in Guangxi, Shandong, Chongqing, Henan and other 9 provinces. The distribution was consistent with current situation of peanut production in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large game management units often lead to criticisms from hunters because they assume smaller units possess less variation in wildlife populations and more closely represent their local area. In 2003, Pennsylvania, USA, replaced smaller, socio‐political county‐based management units with larger wildlife management units (WMUs). We tested the hypothesis that smaller county units possessed less variation in antlered and antlerless white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvest densities among municipalities than did larger WMUs. Spatial variation, as measured by standard deviation and coefficient of variation of deer harvested per km2 was similar for antlered deer (county units 0.44 SD, CV = 0.35; WMUs 0.43 SD, CV = 0.38) and antlerless deer (county units 0.71 SD, CV = 0.44; WMUs 0.84 SD, CV = 0.45). We found no support for the assumption that larger management units resulted in greater spatial variation in deer harvest density. © 2019 The Wildlife Society. It is often assumed smaller wildlife management units possess less variation in wildlife populations than larger wildlife management units. We analyzed deer harvests in small, socio‐political units and large wildlife management units and found no evidence that smaller socio‐political units reduced deer harvest variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Constitution of Kenya 2010 introduced a framework for devolving public resources in Kenya's forty-seven Counties. The Counties were given the responsibilities of maintaining health, roads and agriculture, among others. Using the Afrobarometer (2015) survey, we employ probit regression to examine the determinants of successful public participation in the Counties. We find that approval of the Governor's performance has a positive and significant influence on public participation. However, difficulty among the citizenry in influencing County decision-making; lack of responsive County Assembly Members; difficulty in accessing information on County budgets, legislation and projects; and corruption in the Governor's office have a negative significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of subsidiarity is accepted in law in its sociopolitical and state organization forms, being considered a highlight in Germany and compatible in Brazil due to its relevance to local autonomy and cooperative logic. Through the method of deductive and bibliographic procedural, the structure of the text starts from the analysis of subsidiarity as a principle of state organization in Germany, to later verify the relation of this principle with the Brazilian federal state and, finally, to analyze the applicability in the Brazilian local context towards the autonomy of municipalities, and also emphasizing the benefits of the insertion of this principle in different spheres of the Brazilian federation. At the end, it suggests that such a principle be applied in the face of cooperation between local authorities, since subsidiarity is based on vertical scaling, where competences are kept to a minimum. Also, in which States and Union should only yield certain competences that they themselves are not able to assume. This principle is seen as crucial for local governments in order to participate nationally in the quest for citizenship and for solutions of local interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presented in this paper represents a comparative and dynamic analysis of the activity recorded in four fields of activity (according to the CAEN classification): "Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles", "Transport and storage", "Hotels and restaurants", "Professional, scientific and technical activities", using two economic and financial indicators: "value added" and "average number of employees". A large database was consulted for the study, consisting of the information recorded in the financial and accounting balance sheets of the companies operating in Constanta County for the years 2016 and 2017. The analysis started from a microeconomic approach, and the results provided support for meso-economic assessments. The study includes assessments of the importance of each analyzed field of activity, as well as the impact of the four fields as a whole on the economy of Constanta County in terms of their contribution to the creation of value added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a quantitative research of a database based on two economic and financial indicators: the "value added" and the "average number of employees" registered and reported during 2016 and 2017 by the companies operating in Constanta County, which belong to four fields of activity, corresponding to the Classification of Activities in the National Economy (CAEN): "Agriculture, forestry and fishing", "Extractive industries", "Manufacturing industry " and "Construction". The results obtained by processing the database have created the framework for a comparative and dynamic analysis regarding the particularities and the contribution of each selected field of activity to the economy of Constanta County, over the analyzed period. The specificity of this study is that it started from a microeconomic approach, and the mesoeconomic level has been reached after processing the database. Interpretation of the results can be used to inform and determine decisions at all economic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the deployment of performance measurement systems is a well-researched topic, the relationship among performance measurement, performance information use, and performance results receive limited attention in public administration literature. As the primary purpose of performance measurement is to foster organizational improvement, this study examines the impact of performance measurement and performance information use on perceived municipal and county performance in Florida. Through analysis of 29 local governments, the study finds that adequate performance measurement has a positive influence on performance information use which, in turn, influences organizational performance. The study did not find a direct influence of adequate performance measurement on municipal and county performance. Findings have significant implications on use of performance information and suggest a need in developing adequate performance measures in counties and municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contributions / Prilozi is the property of Institute for History, University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Internal Security is the property of Police Academy in Szczytno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The county as the main source of local identity has a key influence on public life in the Republic of Ireland, and amongst other things is reflected in Dáil constituencies, vote transfer patterns, and as the basis for local government. Previous proposals around territorial reform and recent experience with attempted reconfigurations of the county structure (and in particular reviews of county boundaries) suggest that the county is one of those aspects of Irish political life that is highly resistant to change. Contemporary and future debates over public service reform and consolidation, as well as over urbanisation, metropolitan governance and the economic importance of ‘city regions’ will perhaps frame the next phase of debate over the future of the county. However, based on past and more recent proposals for local government reform and boundary change, any future proposals for territorial restructuring are likely to be mediated by a requirement to respect traditional county loyalties. Planning reforms and efforts to place a greater focus on urban-led growth may be challenged by the status of the county as a central and enduring source of identity for most Irish citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international community's view on the state's role in a country's development and by extension food security situation is currently very positive. As a means to improve governance, decentralization in its many forms is being advocated all over the world. In August of 2010, Kenya embraced a new system of governance which involved the devolution of the central government and public participation as its new and critical components. This implied a shift in the roles of national and county governance towards the achievement of food security. Since food security is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, it is affected by many factors including governance. Thus, the government among other actors, plays a critical role in the achievement of food security. The scope of this review was 'Good Food Security Governance' within the national context, specifically focusing on the two tiers of government; national and county. This study aimed to call to attention the areas under governance in need of special attention by outlining the history of Kenya's political economy that has contributed to the current state of food insecurity. It also seeks to reinforce government's role in food security and propose possible key roles the national and county governments could embrace towards the realization of food security. There is need to eradicate corruption, streamline land tenure systems through effective land reforms, strengthen institutions that were weakened during former government regimes and empower county governments. The role of governments at both county and national level in food security should be reinforced by viewing food security as a public good and on the basis of the right to food as stipulated in the constitution of Kenya. While the national government needs to focus on capacity building of county governments, spurring economic growth, aiding poor rural farmers and putting in place social safety nets, the county government's role should be the identification and implementation of context-specific integrated approaches to improve food security of their peoples. In conclusion, if these considerations are to be properly addressed then governance for food security in Kenya can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract One hypothesized explanation for the recent slowing of declines in heart disease death rates is the generational shift in the timing and accumulation of risk factors. However, directly testing this hypothesis requires historical age-group-specific risk factor data that do not exist. Using national death records, we compared spatiotemporal patterns of heart disease death rates by age group, time period, and birth cohort to provide insight into possible drivers of trends. To do this, we calculated county-level percent change for five time periods (1973–1980, 1980–1990, 1990–2000, 2000–2010, 2010–2015) for four age groups (35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74), resulting in eight birth cohorts for each decade from the 1900s through the 1970s. From 1973 through 1990, few counties experienced increased heart disease death rates. In 1990–2000, 49.0% of counties for ages 35–44 were increasing, while all other age groups continued to decrease. In 2000–2010, heart disease death rates for ages 45–54 increased in 30.4% of counties. In 2010–2015, all four age groups showed widespread increasing county-level heart disease death rates. Likewise, birth cohorts from the 1900s through the 1930s experienced consistently decreasing heart disease death rates in almost all counties. Similarly, with the exception of 2010–2015, most counties experienced decreases for the 1940s birth cohort. For birth cohorts in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, increases were common and geographically widespread for all age groups and calendar years. This analysis revealed variation in trends across age groups and across counties. However, trends in heart disease death rates tended to be generally decreasing and increasing for early and late birth cohorts, respectively. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that recent increases in heart disease mortality stem from the beginnings of the obesity and diabetes epidemics. However, the common geographic patterns within the earliest and latest time periods support the importance of place-based macro-level factors. Highlights • We map county-level heart disease mortality trends by age, cohort, and time period. • Patterns in the trends differed by age groups and birth cohorts. • Recent increases may stem from the beginning of the obesity and diabetes epidemics. • Common geographic patterns within time periods imply macro-level drivers of trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes proposed in the petition concerning amendments to the Act on Obligatory Insurances, Insurance Guarantee Fund and Polish Bureau of Transport Insurers may raise concerns, taking into consideration the purposes and functions of obligatory civil liability insurance of motor vehicles, and also the course of procedure taking place after issuing a decision concerning the confiscation of a vehicle for the benefit of a county. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To investigate the association of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection with socioeconomic factors and antibiotic prescriptions at the county level. Methods MRSA bloodstream infection rates were extracted from the Medicare Hospital Compare database. Data on socioeconomic factors and antibiotic prescriptions were obtained from the US Census Bureau and the Medicare Part D database, respectively. Results In multivariate analysis, antibiotic prescriptions demonstrated a powerful positive association with MRSA bloodstream infection rates [Coefficient (Coeff): 0.432, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.389, 0.474, P < 0.001], which was largely attributable to lincosamides (Coeff: 0.257, 95% CI: 0.177, 0.336, P < 0.001), glycopeptides (Coeff: 0.223, 95% CI: 0.175, 0.272, P < 0.001), and sulfonamides (Coeff: 0.166, 95% CI: 0.082, 0.249, P < 0.001). Sociodemographic factors, such as poverty (Coeff: 0.094, 95% CI: 0.034, 0.155, P =0.002) exerted a secondary positive impact on MRSA bloodstream infection. Conversely, college education (Coeff: −0.037, 95% CI: −0.068, −0.005, P =0.024), a larger median room number per house (Coeff: −0.107, 95% CI: −0.134, −0.081, P < 0.001), and an income above the poverty line (100% < income < 150% of the poverty line) (Coeff: −0.257, 95% CI: −0.314, −0.199, P < 0.001) were negatively associated with MRSA incidence rates. A multivariate model that incorporated socioeconomic data and antibiotic prescription rates predicted 39.1% of the observed variation in MRSA bloodstream infection rates (Pmodel < 0.001). Conclusions MRSA bloodstream infection rates were strongly associated with county-level antibiotic use and socioeconomic factors. If the causality of these associations is confirmed, antimicrobial stewardship programs that extend outside acute healthcare facilities would likely prove instrumental in arresting the spread of MRSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Despite the gains in cervical cancer screening, there remain persistent socio-economic, geographical, racial, and ethnic disparities. This study examines the combined effect of individual- and county-level characteristics on the use of cervical cancer screening tests such as Papanicolaou (Pap) tests in Texas. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods Individual-level information was obtained from 2014-2015 Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Using the county of residence of the study population, the BRFSS data were linked to the American Community Survey (2010-2014) and the Area Health Resources File (2015). Women aged between 21 and 65 years, with no history of hysterectomy, and residing in 47 counties in Texas were included in the study (n = 4276). Multi-level logistic regression was used to assess the independent influences of individual- and county-level covariates on receipt of a Pap test in the past 3 years. Results The odds of timely Pap testing were lower among women aged greater than 50 years, single women, and those with low education and income (<$25,000). Black women who reside in counties with higher percentages of Hispanics (quartile 4) were less likely to be screened compared with black women living in counties with a low Hispanic population (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.08 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.37]). County-level socio-economic status, although associated with timely screening in bivariate analysis, was not a significant predictor of screening after controlling for individual characteristics. Conclusions There are significant disparities in the uptake of cervical cancer screening across Texas counties. Individual-level socio-economic disparities as well as the number of obstetric-gynecologic physicians in a county are predictors of these disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic activity carried out in Constanta County is the expression of the efforts made by the companies operating in this administrative unit, as well as of many external factors, able to generate a favorable or unfavorable conjuncture for the business environment. This study includes a meso-economic analysis of the evolution of the economic activity between 2016 and 2017, based on the main financial indicators from the accounting and financial balance sheets of companies in Constanta County. The data were processed by the SPSS statistical software and by quantitative statistical methods. The interpretation of the results provided the support in order to present significant aspects of the economic activity in Constanta County during the two analyzed years, i.e. 2016 and 2017, and to highlight the evolution recorded over this period, without identifying and explaining the factors/causes that determined this evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A consistent and hierarchical classification of vegetation, such as the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (NVC) system, supports comprehensive conservation and management of natural ecosystems. At a detailed level, the NVC alliance is defined by diagnostic species and composition. Maps at this level of classification are often produced at local to regional scales (areas <25,000 km 2 ) with costly manual to semi-automated interpretation of high resolution imagery. The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of machine learning for automated, per-pixel (30 m) mapping of forest alliances with multi-seasonal hyperspectral imagery from a future satellite mission (HyspIRI), as simulated from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Classic (AVIRIS-C) data. The study area was the San Francisco (S.F.) Bay Area, California, where we mapped forest alliances at regional and county scales. We implemented the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier in a two-stage approach, first mapping regional land cover followed by forest alliances in closed-canopy tree pixels. Predictor variables were reflectance bands and hyperspectral metrics based on indices, derivatives and absorption-fitting techniques applied to reflectance spectra, with data grouped into summer and three-season (spring, summer, fall) sets. For forest alliances, hyperspectral metrics improved overall accuracy of classifications by 2.9 to 6.4% relative to classifications based on the original reflectance bands. Multi-seasonal data improved overall accuracy by 1.3 to 6.2% relative to summer-only data. Using multi-seasonal metrics, the S.F. Bay Area regional classification with 21 alliances had an overall accuracy of 65.7% (Kappa 0.63), while the Sonoma County classification with 16 alliances had an accuracy of 75.9% (Kappa 0.72). Most forest alliances had internal variation in lifeform, species and structural properties that increased within-class spectral-temporal variation and complicated discrimination. Despite this challenge, classification accuracies were similar to regional NVC alliance reference data. We conclude that a hyperspectral satellite, with its repeat and global image acquisitions, has strong potential for accurate and economical mapping and monitoring the Earth's vegetation communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both lifespan psychology and life course sociology highlight that contextual factors influence individual functioning and development. In the current study, we operationalize context as county-level care services in inpatient and outpatient facilities (e.g., number of care facilities, privacy in facilities) and investigate how the care context shapes well-being in the last years of life. To do so, we combine 29 waves of individual-level longitudinal data on life satisfaction from now deceased participants in the nationwide German Socio-Economic Panel Study (N = 4557; age at death: M = 73.35, SD = 14.20; 47% women) with county-level data from the Federal Statistical Office. Results from three-level growth models revealed that having more inpatient care facilities, more employees per resident, and more staff in administration are each uniquely associated with higher late-life well-being, independent of key individual (age at death, gender, education, disability) and county (affluence, demographic composition) characteristics. Number of employees in physical care, residential comfort, and flexibility and care indicators in outpatient institutions were not found to be associated with levels or change in well-being. We take our results to provide empirical evidence that some contextual factors shape well-being in the last years of life and discuss possible routes how local care services might alleviate terminal decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale Previous studies have observed a positive association between automation risk and employment loss. Based on the job insecurity-health risk hypothesis, greater exposure to automation risk could also be negatively associated with health outcomes. Objective The main objective of this paper is to investigate the county-level association between prevalence of workers in jobs exposed to automation risk and general, physical, and mental health outcomes. Methods As a preliminary assessment of the job insecurity-health risk hypothesis (automation risk → job insecurity → poorer health), a structural equation model was used based on individual-level data in the two cross-sectional waves (2012 and 2014) of General Social Survey (GSS). Next, using county-level data from County Health Rankings 2017, American Community Survey (ACS) 2015, and Statistics of US Businesses 2014, Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression models were fitted to predict county-level health outcomes. Results Using the 2012 and 2014 waves of the GSS, employees in occupational classes at higher risk of automation reported more job insecurity, that, in turn, was associated with poorer health. The 2SLS estimates show that a 10% increase in automation risk at county-level is associated with 2.38, 0.8, and 0.6 percentage point lower general, physical, and mental health, respectively. Conclusion Evidence suggests that exposure to automation risk may be negatively associated with health outcomes, plausibly through perceptions of poorer job security. More research is needed on interventions aimed at mitigating negative influence of automation risk on health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper looks at the issue of regional differentiation of earnings in Poland between 2003 and 2014. The data on earnings is compared between Polish regions and counties. The article is intended to draw attention to changes of situation of regions and counties in that respect for last several years. The author discusses the level of average gross monthly earnings broken down by various demographic and occupational characteristics.

Each American Indian tribe is unique in several ways, including in its relationships with local governments and risk for emergencies. Cross-jurisdictional sharing (CJS) arrangements are encouraged between tribes and counties for emergency management-related population health, but researchers have not yet explored CJS experiences of tribes and counties for emergency management. This investigation used collaboration theory and a CJS spectrum framework to assess the scope and prevalence of tribe–county CJS arrangements for emergency management in California as well as preconditions to CJS. Mixed-methods survey results indicate that tribes and counties have varied CJS arrangements, but many are informal or customary. Preconditions to CJS include tribe–county agreement about having CJS, views of the CJS relationship, barriers to CJS, and jurisdictional strengths and weaknesses in developing CJS arrangements. Areas for public health intervention include funding programs that build tribal capacity in emergency management, reduce cross-jurisdictional disagreement, and promote ongoing tribe–county relationships as a precursor to formal CJS arrangements. Study strengths, limitations, and future directions are also discussed.

The orientation of research activity of present situation regarding the current level of financial credit in rural areasof the Olt county required to carry out investigations on both the borrowers (farms) and the lenders (banks,financial institutions) in the county. As working methods were used questionnaires, questions being designedspecifically for borrowers and lenders. The questionnaire contained 32 questions. There have been investigatedhouseholds from Slatina and Caracal rural areas in Olt county. All elements presented for rural areas in the Oltcounty revealed the local,s attitude and behavior In taking loans, with insignificant differences between Slatina andCaracal rural areas.

In this paper, the authors conducted a study on the economic development of Timiş County, as well as its SWOT analysis. The paper concludes with the Development Strategy of Timiş County, the main conclusions drawn from the conducted researches and bibliographical references. Within the paper, there are presented theoretical aspects related to rural area concept, followed by the physical- geographical characteristics of Timiş County. Throughout the paper, there are analyzed the existing demographic aspects found in Timiş County. The end part of the paper represents a translation in statistical terms of the main economic phenomena which are recorded in Timiş County. There are references made towards agriculture, forestry, industry, services, trade, tourism, as economic activities carried out in Timis County. Following these researches, at the end part of the paper, the authors have compiled a SWOT analysis of Timiş County, proposing in the same time a strategy for its development.

In a sample of 12 states across all regions of the United States, I find that one of every three counties supports a different party for president than for its local legislature. I use a unique data set containing partisan affiliations of county councillors to analyze contexts that might lead voters to choose different parties at different levels of government. I find support for three explanations of representational splits: incomplete realignment, local electoral factors, and differentials in party strength. This article takes a step toward understanding how parties and partisan identities operate in a federal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Danube Regions, especially the sub-national units of governance, must be ready to play an active role in spatial development policies. A precondition for this is good accessibility and the coordinated development of all transport systems in the Danube corridor. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a multi-criteria model for potential decision making related to the evaluation of transportation accessibility in Serbia's Danube Corridor. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), based on maps, indicate the existing counties' transport infrastructures inequities (between well-connected and isolated counties in terms of accessibility to central places). Through the research, relevant indicators have been identifi ed. This provides an outline of transportation perspectives regarding the development achieved and also fosters the increase of transportation accessibility in some peripheral Serbian Danube administrative units - counties (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics level 3 - NUTS 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Çemişgezek which is a district connected to the province, Tunceli, has done the honours for the different cultures in the historical process. Çemişgezek which included the different factors in terms of religion and ethnic origin in Ottoman Period had a multicultural population structure. More non-muslims lived in the city center rather than the muslims in 16. Century. Moreover, the muslims and non-muslims came together in the different counties in the century. However, those communities which had the different religions established the closed neighborhood relations as they lived together nearly in all the counties of city in the following periods . Furthermore, a part of business places belonging to the muslims and non-muslims were near-bynear in the commercial places which are one of the important centers in daily life. The number of institutes which had activity in the religious and educational fields increased in the city in the following centuries rather than the sixteenth century. The new dwelling units which were established around those institutes took generally their name from those structures. The most of dwelling areas in the city were surrounded with the green fields such as the vineyards and yards. The housings in the counties were generally two-storey houses their width and usage areas were different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)