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A novel approach to study mouse renal organogenesis had been developed. This method used differential display polymerase chain reaction to survey gene expression in mouse kidney at embryonic day 11.5, 13.5, 15.5, and 17.5, and in the adult kidney. Twenty-two expression products were isolated. Sequencing analysis identified two as housekeeping gene products while three were similar to human or rat gene products. With these results, mouse embryonic renal markers were generated and analysed in mouse metanephric organ culture. The resulting pattern of gene expression was similar to that observed in vivo.

[Display omitted] • The stability of the SARS virus can be affected by various environmental factors. • effect of initial pressure on the stability of the SARS virus in the presence of water/Ag nanofluid is investigated. • using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. • initial pressure effectively changes the atomic evolution of the virus-nanofluid system. • SARS virus destruction process with water/silver nanofluid affected from initial pressure ratio, appropriately. The stability of the SARS virus can be affected by various environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, and pressure. In the present research, the effect of initial pressure on the stability of the SARS virus in the presence of water/Ag nanofluid (NF) is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results revealed that initial pressure effectively changes the atomic evolution of the virus-NF system. Numerically, the diffusion coefficient of modeled samples changes from 32.33 nm2/ns to 9.489 nm2/ns by initial pressure varies from 1 bar to 10 bar. This structural evolution caused interatomic distance and force between virus particle changes. Finally, interaction energy is changed by initial pressure variation, and this parameter varies between −0.44695 kcal/mol to −24.65127 kcal/mol in defined initial conditions. From MD outputs, it was concluded physical stability of the SARS virus in the presence of water/silver NF can be manipulated by initial pressure. So, the SARS virus destruction process with water/silver NF affected from the initial pressure ratio, appropriately. Future directions for this research project may involve exploring the influence of additional environmental factors and utilizing the gained knowledge to develop antiviral materials. This study establishes a foundation for further investigations into the interaction between environmental factors, NFs, and viral infections, with the potential to contribute to the development of effective strategies for combating viral infections and designing innovative antiviral solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced graphene oxide-molybdenum disulfide (RGO-MoS2) loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles composite (RGO-MoS2-Fe3O4) is prepared via two-step hydrothermal reaction. RGO-MoS2 possesses three dimension architecture structures. This structure can prevent RGO and MoS2 nanosheets restacked together and provide substrates for the Fe3O4 nanoparticle decoration. The sizes of Fe3O4 are in the range of 5–20 nm. As a microwave absorbent: the minimum reflection loss (RL) value is -47.67 dB at 17.44 GHz when the thickness is only 1.5 mm. The absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) can reach 4.72 GHz with the thickness is 1.7 mm. Compared with the previously reported literature, RGO-MoS2-Fe3O4 nanocomposite exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance and can be served as an light-weight microwave absorber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a base‐controlled protocol was developed for the C−N coupling of primary amines and 2‐chlorobenzimidazoles, affording a handful of secondary or tertiary amines in a selective fashion. Moreover, this protocol was realized under transition‐metal‐free conditions, and the variation of the base from iPr2NH to LiOtBu completely switched the selectivity from monoarylation to diarylation. Further investigations elucidated that the variety, intrinsic basicity and amount of the utilized bases considerably affected these reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tremendous demands for visible-light-induced catalysts with excellent degradation performance have attracted wide spread attention on designing versatile Bi2O3-based heterojunctions. Herein we designed and synthesized Z-scheme Bi2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions using in-situ thermal polymerization method. A tight contact interface between Bi2O3 and g-C3N4 confirmed the formation of heterojunction, facilitating the efficient separation of photo-generated charge carriers. In comparison with pure Bi 2 O 3 and g-C 3 N 4 , the 0.5-Bi 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunctions showed enhanced visible-light-induced catalytic activity which could degrade 100% of methylene blue within 90 min •OH radicals played the most crucial roles and •O 2 −, h+, e− radicals were less contributing in methylene blue photocatalytic elimination. According to the direct evidence of active species capture experiment, PL spectra, HRTEM and well-matched band positions, a Z-scheme enhanced photocatalytic mechanism was put forward. In addition, possible degradation pathways for methylene blue were deduced according to the UPLC-MS results. The present research may provide a way for developing novel Bi 2 O 3 -based materials with special application in environmental purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been transformed by the use of targeted small molecules inhibiting components of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway (Haematologica, 103, 2018 and e204; Curr Hematol Malig Rep, 14, 2019, 302). Chief among these is ibrutinib, an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), which produces deep, durable responses in CLL with good tolerability (Haematologica, 103, 2018 and e204). Though prolonged exposure to the drug can exert selective pressure on CLL cells and allow for the emergence of drug‐resistant clones, primary ibrutinib treatment failure is rare (Expert Rev Hematol, 11 and 2018, 185; N Engl J Med, 370, 2014 and 2352; N Engl J Med, 373, 2015 and 25, 2425; Blood, 128, 2016 and 2199). Activating mutations in the gene PLCG2, which encodes a downstream target of BTK, appear to enable constitutive BCR signaling and have been associated with ibrutinib resistance (Int J Cancer, 146 and 2020, 85; J Clin Oncol, 35, 2017 and 1437; Blood, 126, 2015 and 61). In recent years, novel investigational agents have targeted other components of the BCR pathway. Among these is entospletinib, an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of splenic tyrosine kinase (SYK) (Blood, 126, 2015 and 1744), which lies upstream of the enzyme phospholipase C‐gamma‐2 (PLCG2). Here, we describe a patient who was found to harbor a novel somatic variant of PLCG2 and experienced a lack of treatment response to both ibrutinib and entospletinib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In respect of forensic genetics, X-STRs are widely applied for deficiency paternity cases. Given the popularization of AGCU-X19 STR Kit in China, there has been investigation conducted into the genetic data and forensic parameters of 19 X-STR loci in many of the Chinese ethnic groups, which makes it possible to perform nationwide phylogenetic comparation. To evaluate the allele and haplotype diversity of 19 X-STR loci and to explore their forensic efficiency in the Daur and Oroqen minorities, unrelated healthy Daur (n = 86) and Oroqen (n = 165) individuals were recruited from Heilongjiang province, so as to reveal the phylogenetic relationship between the two minorities and other Chinese ethnic groups. Of the Daur and Oroqen minorities, 172 and 183 alleles at the 19 X-STR loci were observed, respectively. Haplotype diversity exceeded 0.9 among all the linkage clusters. High cumulative value was observed for the power of discrimination, the probability of exclusion, and the mean exclusion chance for deficiency cases (normal trios and duo cases). As revealed by this study, the panel of 19 X-STR loci is an effective supplementary tool for the kinship test of the studied nationalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new cerite group mineral species, taipingite-(Ce), ideally (Ce 7 3+, Ca 2) Σ 9 Mg(SiO 4) 3 [SiO 3 (OH)] 4 F 3 , has been found in the Taipingzhen rare earth element (REE) deposit in the North Qinling Orogen (NQO), Central China. It forms subhedral grains (up to approximately 100 ​μm ​× ​200 ​μm) commonly intergrown with the REE mineral assemblages and is closely associated with allanite-(Ce), gatelite-(Ce), törnebohmite-(Ce), fluocerite-(Ce), fluocerite-(La), fluorite, bastnäsite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce) and calcite. Taipingite-(Ce) is light red to pinkish brown under a binocular microscope and pale brown to colorless in thin section, and it is translucent to transparent with a grayish-white streak and vitreous luster. This mineral is brittle with conchoidal fracture; has a Mohs hardness value of approximately 5½ and exhibits no cleavage twinning or parting. The calculated density is 4.900(5) g/cm3. Optically, taipingite-(Ce) is uniaxial (+), with ω ​= ​1.808(5), ε ​= ​1.812(7), c ​= ​ε, and a ​= ​ b ​= ​ω. Furthermore, this mineral is insoluble in HCl, HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4. Electron microprobe analysis demonstrated that the sample was relatively pure, yielding the empirical formula (with calculated H 2 O): (Ce 4.02 La 1.64 Nd 1.49 Pr 0.41 Sm 0.10 Gd 0.02 Ho 0.02 Tm 0.01 Lu 0.02 Y 0.03 Ca 0.66 Mg 0.05 Th 0.01–0.51) Σ9 (Mg 0.75 Fe 0.25 3+) Σ1 (SiO 4) 3 {[SiO 3 (OH)] 3.98 [PO 3 (OH)] 0.02 } Σ4 (F 1.81 OH 1.17 Cl 0.02) Σ3. Taipingite-(Ce) is trigonal and exhibits space group symmetry R 3 c with unit cell parameters a ​= ​10.7246(3) Å, c ​= ​37.9528(14) Å, V ​= ​3780.39(20) Å3 and Z ​= ​6. The strongest eight lines in the X-ray diffraction pattern are d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 4.518(50)(202), 3.455(95)(122), 3.297(85)(214), 3.098(35)(300), 2.941(100)(02,10), 2.683(65)(220), 1.945(40)(238) and 1.754(40)(30,18). The crystal structure has been refined to a R 1 factor of 0.025, calculated for the 2312 unique observed reflections (F o ​≥ ​4σ). The mineral is named after its discovery locality and is characterized as the F-dominant analogue of cerite-(Ce). Image 1 • A new cerite group mineral—taipingite-(Ce) has been found in the North Qinling Orogen (NQO), Central China. • The ideal formula of taipingite-(Ce) is (Ce 7 3 + Ca 2) Σ9 Mg(SiO 4) 3 [SiO 3 (OH)] 4 F 3. • Taipingite-(Ce) is trigonal, space group ​ R 3 c , with ​ a ​= 10.7246(3) Å, ​ c ​= 37.9528(14) Å, ​ V ​= 3780.39(20) Å3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassic-hastingsite (IMA2018–160), ideally KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2,was discovered in Danailingou, Inner Mongolia, China. Potassic-hastingsite is black to dark green with a vitreous luster, brittle with conchoidal fracture. The {110} cleavage is perfect and the calculated density is 3.541 g·cm−3. It is biaxial negative with α = 1.708 (2), β = 1.716 (3) and γ = 1.718 (3). Combined electron probe,icro-analyser (EPMA) and Mössbauer spectroscopy data yielded 35.02 wt% SiO2, 0.35 wt% TiO2, 10.69 wt% Al2O3, 0.03 wt% Cr2O3, 7.33 wt% Fe2O3, 26.08 wt% FeO, 11.35 wt% CaO, 0.43 wt% MnO, 0.23 wt% MgO, 0.061 wt% Na2O, 2.79 wt% K2O, F 0.00 wt%, Cl 2.79 wt%, Cl ≡ O − 0.67 wt%, and H2O+ 1.43 wt%, resulting in an analytical total of 98.66 wt%. The empirical structural formula, calculated based of the assumption of a total of 24 anions per formula unit and OH + F + Cl = 2 atoms per formula unit (apfu) at the W site is A(K0.61Na0.20Ca0.07)0.88BCa2.00C(Fe2+3.72Fe3+0.94Al0.12Mn0.06Mg0.06Ti0.04Ni0.01)4.96T(Si5.97Al2.03)O22(OH1.14Cl0.86). The derived simplified formula is (K,Na,□)Ca2(Fe2+,Fe3+)5[(Si,Al)6Al2]O22(OH,Cl)2. Potassic-hastingsite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, with the unit-cell parameters a = 9.9405(7) Å; b = 18.2561(19) Å; c = 5.3501(3) Å; β = 105.117(5)°; V = 937.304(11) Å3; Z = 2. The structure was solved (R1 0.044) using all measured independent data and the reflections with I>2σ (I). The strongest six X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in Å; (I/I0); (hkl)] are 8.504 (100) (110), 3.417 (35) (131), 3.155 (60) (310), 2.735 (70) (151), 2.623 (35) (061) and 2.570 (35) ( 2 ¯ 02). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The homeostatic link between oxidative stress and autophagy plays an important role in cellular responses to a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions. However, the regulatory pathway and outcomes remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules that regulate autophagy through ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), a DNA damage response (DDR) pathway activated during metabolic and hypoxic stress. We report that CHK2 binds to and phosphorylates Beclin 1 at Ser90/Ser93, thereby impairing Beclin 1‐Bcl‐2 autophagy‐regulatory complex formation in a ROS‐dependent fashion. We further demonstrate that CHK2‐mediated autophagy has an unexpected role in reducing ROS levels via the removal of damaged mitochondria, which is required for cell survival under stress conditions. Finally, CHK2−/− mice display aggravated infarct phenotypes and reduced Beclin 1 p‐Ser90/Ser93 in a cerebral stroke model, suggesting an in vivo role of CHK2‐induced autophagy in cell survival. Taken together, these results indicate that the ROS‐ATM‐CHK2‐Beclin 1‐autophagy axis serves as a physiological adaptation pathway that protects cells exposed to pathological conditions from stress‐induced tissue damage. Synopsis: Whether hypoxia and nutrient starvation are coupled to cellular autophagy remains unclear. Here, DNA damage response kinases ATM and CHK2 are shown to trigger autophagy in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, suggesting a novel physiological adaptation pathway toward metabolic stress. Depletion of CHK2 or ATM impairs oxidative stress‐induced autophagy in MEFs.CHK2 binds and phosphorylates Beclin1 at Ser90/Ser93, suppressing Beclin1‐Bcl‐2 autophagy regulatory complex formation.CHK2‐induced autophagy limits intracellular ROS levels by clearing damaged mitochondria.CHK2‐induced autophagy protects against cell death and tissue damage following cerebral ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a comprehensive DFT mechanism study, the reaction characteristics of β-C–H arylation of α-methyl pentanone with iodobenzene are revealed. In this reaction, glycine plays an important role as organic transient ligand, which can directly activate β-C–H of α-methyl pentanone together with metal Pd(II). And in the whole reaction, the formation of N=C bond during the condensation of pentanone and glycine and the breaking of N=C bond are two rate-determining steps. The energy barrier of TS4 and TS23 is 57.5 kcal/mol and 41.9 kcal/mol, respectively, which is higher than other transition states. Correspondingly, metal Pd(II) still is a wonderful catalyst in this reaction, which can flexibly coordinate with nonmetal atom (N, O, C) and form different inorganic metal intermediates. And these inorganic metal intermediates have significant function in further decreasing reaction energy barrier and inducing the formation of β-C–H arylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]