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Abstract: Zinc sulfide hollow microspheres were synthesized via a solvothermal route. The products were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. The results showed that the as-prepared ZnS hollow spheres have uniform size about 2–3 μm in diameter and have been formed through the aggregation of ZnS nanocrystals. The optical property of the products was also recorded by means of photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: The low frequency of disseminated carcinoma cells in the blood now makes immunomagnetic bead sorting and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique more popular. Methods: Three milliliters of peripheral blood were collected from 91 patients and 18 normal donors. The circulating carcinoma cells were enriched with CD45 and Ber-EP4 immunomagnetic beads. The α-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA was amplified with nested RT-PCR. Results: The total positive detection rate was 72.1%, 43.8%, 25.0%, 100%, and 66.7% in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) untreated, liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatitis, metastasis liver cancer, and postsurgery of hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. There was a significant difference among the patients with HCC, LC and hepatitis (HCC vs. LC, P <0.05; HCC vs. hepatitis, P <0.01) and between Class A and B of the HCC patients (P <0.05). Meanwhile, AFP mRNA was markedly expressed in HCC patients compared to the patients with no HCC (LC and hepatitis). The levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) were significantly different in AFP mRNA-positive patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) or LC in contrast to the corresponding negative patients. Conclusion: Combining negative and positive immunomagnetic bead sorting and RT-PCR technique can effectively detect circulating tumor cells. AFP mRNA is a more reliable marker of metastasis compared to serum AFP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: By using t-Se powders and NaOH as starting materials, t-Se aligned microrod bundles, microtubes and dendrites were successfully grown through a reversible chemical reacting process under hydrothermal conditions. It is found that the quantity of MnCl2·4H2O, which served as the antalkali agent to control the reversible reaction, plays important roles in the morphology control of the final t-Se products. The possible mechanism of the formation of different morphologies was briefly discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

SiO2 thick films were quickly deposited on silicon wafers by flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD) method, followed by consolidation in electric resistance furnace at 1380 °C. The as-deposited films were confirmed to be vitreous silica by means of SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thickness of the films is up to 37 μm, and the deposition speed is as high as 8 μm min−1. The refractive index and absorbing loss (extinction coefficient) are also measured by spectroscopic ellipsometer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

NodD is the major regulator of nod genes expression in rhizobia. Previously, a HU-like protein in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae has been identified to bind specifically with nod promoters and be involved in in vitro nodD transcription, but its in vivo function remained unknown. In this work we have cloned and sequenced the R. leguminosarum bv. viciae gene, named hurL, for this HU-like protein. Using the E. coli-expressed HurL proteins, we proved that HurL had high affinity to several nod promoters and showed a stimulation effect on in vitro nodD transcription at appropriate concentration. The R. leguminosarum bv. viciae hurL gene was mutated by insertion of a kanamycin resistance cassette. The obtained hurL mutant strain M704 exhibited poor growth under free-living conditions and failed to induce nodules on Pisum sativum cv. Frisson and Vicia hirsuta. Further studies of NodD production and nod genes- lacZ fusions expression in the hurL mutant revealed that inactivation of hurL led to severe impairment in the nodD expression, repression in the inducible expression of nodA and nodF, and slight enhancement in the expression of px2, a gene identified earlier in this lab. These results suggested that hurL might be required for maintaining the normal expression of nod genes in R. leguminosarum bv. viciae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A broadband achromatic phase retarder in the full visible region (wavelength λ∈[400,800 nm]) using subwavelength grating (SWG) is designed, fabricated and tested. For the first time, it is experimentally proved that the achromatic phase retarder in the full visible region can be realized by SWG. An improved method combining enumeration with optimization for designing the achromatic phase retarder with rectangular and sinusoidal SWG is presented. Rigorous coupled wave theory (RCWT) is applied to calculate the diffraction performances. Examples show that the designed phase retarders perform broadband achromatic phase retardation successfully. Compared with the previous methods, the improved method shows the advantages of good versatility and flexibility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Vegetation or land cover maps have been made directly or indirectly available for the entire territory of China. The certainties and uncertainties of land cover statistics were analyzed by comparing three data sources: China's Vegetation Map. IGPB DISCover, and University of Maryland Product. Great similarities in the statistics of 7 aggregated and cover types were found among the three data sources, particularly between the two global land cover maps. the per-pixel agreement between any 2 of 3 maps was between 38.0%--51.4%; the per-pixel agreement among all three maps was only 27.1%. Certainties were found in regions where vegetation types are typical and human land use practice is relatively diversified. Systematic and multidisciplinary efforts are necessary to promote accurate mapping of nationwide land cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integrated diffractive optical mode converter, which can be integrated into planar lightwave circuits (PLCs), consisting of a diffractive optical element (DOE) and a slab waveguide is presented for fiber-to-waveguide coupling. The DOE is designed using iterative phase retrieval algorithm. In the iterative algorithm, we introduce a new modification of far-field amplitude constraint to provide very high mode conversion quality. Compared with previously published mode converters, the scheme is more universal because it is applicable for any waveguide structure. In simulation, coupling losses lower than 0.12 dB have been reached for all the discussed waveguides. The converter is shown to be polarization-insensitive and applicable in multi-wavelength PLCs. And the tolerance on axis misalignment has been investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An integrated mode converter consisting of two diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and a Silicon slab is presented for low-loss coupling between a semiconductor laser diode (LD) and a single-mode fiber (SMF). The phase structures of the DOEs are designed using iterative phase retrieval algorithm. We introduce a new far-field amplitude constraint into the iteration to provide very high mode conversion quality. Compared with previously published mode converters, the scheme is more universal because it’s applicable for any semiconductor LD. In simulation, coupling losses lower than 0.02 dB are predicted for all the discussed LDs with aspect ratios of the elliptical fields from 1 to 9. The requirements on axial displacement and rotation angle have been removed. The tolerance for 1-dB loss increment for lateral misalignment is 0.9 μm. And the coupling loss is insensitive to tilt angle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• An RRS assay has been developed for the detection of Eca109 cell. • Antibody and aptamer multifunctional gold nanoparticles are used as cell probe. • The sensor has been successfully applied in serum samples. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in China. Early and accurate diagnosis is the key to effective treatment of this disease. In this work, a resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) strategy was established to determine the concentration of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) over-expressed ESCC cancer cells, which based on the selective binding of the anti-EGFR aptamer (Apt) and anti-EGFR antibody (Ab) multi-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) probe (Apt-AuNPs-Ab) to the EGFR-positive cancer cell. When the probe was mixed with the Eca109 ESCC cancer cell, a distinct RRS intensity increase was observed. The probe possesses a dynamic range from 1.0 × 102-5.0 × 105 cell·mL−1 for Eca109 cells, and the detection limit is 20 cell·mL−1. Experimental results with the A2780 ovarian cancer cells line, as well as with the Eca109 ESCC cancer cell line, clearly demonstrated that the RRS assay was sensitive and selective to Eca109 than the other cancer cell lines that express a low level of EGFR. The proposed RRS assay provided a novel platform for detection of EGFR-positive cancer cells and shown the good potential for clinical diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landing on the surfaces of small solar system bodies (3SBs) is a prerequisite for maximizing the value of probes and provides technical reserves for the resource development of 3SBs and crewed landings on their surfaces. Motivated by the purposes of space exploration, such as finding the origin of life and developing space resources, launching probes and landing them on 3SBs is attracting increasing attention. The microgravitational environment and uncertain surface characteristics on 3SBs will contribute to the rebounding and tipping over of probes and thus pose great challenges to the landing of probes. In this paper, global deep space missions and plans to explore 3SBs are summarized, and the technologies related to landing mechanisms and sampling-cushioning assemblies are organized. The surface characteristics of 3SBs are important factors affecting the landing process of probes, so the achievements of the surface characteristics that have been obtained by scientific observations are reviewed, and theoretical research on mechanical properties is discussed. For more experience in the landing-cushioning of space probes, the existing landing structures and cushioning assemblies adopted for missions to other extraterrestrial bodies are studied, then their characteristics are analyzed and several novel approaches for landing on 3SBs are proposed. Subsequently, the microgravitational landing experiments and realization methods are sorted. Finally, some discussion about the future development of landing on 3SBs is presented. • Landing on the surface of small solar system bodies helps to maximize probes value. • Few probes have landed on the surface of small solar system bodies. • Microgravity and uncertain surface make challenges to the landing of probes. • Suppression of rebounding and tipping over of probes is crucial issues. • Both passive and controlled active landing-cushioning are worth solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is life-threatening but effective treatments is lacking. Recently, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been identified as a mediator of ischemic and toxic AKI through regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in our previous studies. However, the role of FABP4 in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI and extended organelle dysfunctions need to be explored and validated. We firstly performed mRNA-seq and bioinformatic analysis to investigate the role of FABP4. The mouse model was established via injecting glycerol to FABP4 wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. Blood biochemical, inflammatory and apoptotic parameters were measured and compared across groups. Representative pathways of ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were also detected and quantified. Comparing FABP4 WT and FABP4 KO model groups, FABP4 deficiency significantly attenuated renal dysfunction, by reducing serum creatinine (165.90 ± 15.61 μmol/L vs 35.5 ± 8.33 μmol/L, p < 0.0001) and blood urea nitrogen (89.78 ± 6.82 mmol/L vs 19.75 ± 5.97 mmol/L, p < 0.0001), and alleviating tubular injury scores. Inflammatory and apoptotic responses were alleviated by FABP4 genetic inhibition. Mechanistically, glycerol injection triggered ER stress characterized by activated IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 signaling pathways, and induced mitochondrial dysfunction supported by ultrastructural damage, energy metabolic derangement, and excessive mitochondrial fission (upregulated DRP1/downregulated OPA1). These two organelle dysfunctions were effectively relieved by FABP4 deficiency. Taken together, genetic inhibition of FABP4 protected against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI via reducing ER stress as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. FABP4 might act as a novel therapeutic target in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction path of preference on three surfaces [Display omitted] • Cu addition makes CH more easily to be oxidized rather than dissociation. • Introducing Cu can make C more easily to be oxidized than that on Ni(111). • Cu 6 Ni 3 surface has the best carbon resistance. The focus of this paper is to solve the carbon deposition on Ni catalyst during dry reforming of methane (DRM). Cu has shown a great carbon resistance in DRM. Different doping ratio of Cu on Ni(111) surface, Cu 1 Ni 8 and Cu 6 Ni 3 , have been studied through density functional theory (DFT), and the same procedure has been proceeded on Ni(111) to compare with. It is found that introducing Cu into Ni(111) surface can weaken the interaction between the surface and the absorbates, thus decrease the energy barrier of CH dissociation. Furthermore, two good linear relationships between the electron transferring from the surface to reactants and the energy barrier of CH dissociation and C2 formation have been discovered. In addition, the adsorption energy and activation energy are obtained, from which the dominated reaction pathway can be deduced. On the three surfaces, the dominated reaction pathways are the same, which can be shown as CH* + O* → HCO* → CO* + H*. However, on the surface of Cu 6 Ni 3 , the activation energy of CH oxidation is 0.63 eV, which is almost half the activation energy on the other two surfaces (1.24 eV and 1.24 eV), indicating that the Cu 6 Ni 3 surface has the extraordinary ability of carbon resistance. Nevertheless, when C is formed on the three surfaces, it would accumulate rather than be oxidized, especially on the Cu 6 Ni 3 surface because it has the lowest energy barrier (0.28 eV). In general, Cu 6 Ni 3 surface having the best carbon resistance for CH* is more easily to be consumed through oxidation than through direct dissociation, thus it can be regarded as one of the potential candidates as the catalyst for DRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg , known as the Chinese tulip tree, has a long history of cultivation and utilization in many Asia countries, especially in China to use in traditional Chinese medicine for expelling "wind and dampness", a term corresponding to rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, the barks of Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg was also found in folk to treat gout. However, further experimental studies remained to confirm its uric acid-lowering effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol extract of the barks of Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg (EELC) in a mouse model of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) and the involved mechanisms. EELC at a respective dose of 250 mg/kg/d or 500 mg/kg/d were orally administered to HN mice induced by a mixture of adenine (160 mg/kg/d)/potassium oxonate (2.4 g/kg/d) for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, serum uric acid, kidney functions (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urine microalbumin), 24-h urine uric acid excretion, as well as kidney pathological changes were investigated by biochemical assay, histopathological score, immunofluorescence and histochemistry, RT-qPCR, and western blotting analysis. Oral administration of EELC significantly lowered serum uric acid level at 500 mg/kg (185.75 ± 15.49 μmol/L of EELC vs. 238.28 ± 20.97 μmol/L of HN model, p < 0.01) in HN mice. EELC at 500 mg/kg also remarkably reduced the levels of serum creatinine (82.92 ± 7.86 μmol/L of EELC vs. 92.08 ± 6.13 μmol/L of HN model, p < 0.0001), blood urea nitrogen (21.50 ± 1.87 mmol/L of EELC vs. 29.40 ± 3.95 mmol/L of HN model, p < 0.001) and urine microalbumin (4.25 ± 0.40 mg/L of EELC vs. 5.95 ± 0.33 mg/L of HN model, p < 0.001) to improve renal function. It also attenuated renal fibrosis, especially the high-dose of EELC. Furthermore, EELC could inhibit the activation of NF-κB, ASK1/JNK/c-Jun, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in the kidneys of HN mice. Additionally, EELC remarkably increased urine uric acid excretion of HN mice, which may be achieved by the upregulation of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), OAT3 and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) proteins. EELC alleviated the progression of HN by suppressing the activation of NF-κB, ASK1/JNK/c-Jun and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, reducing the infiltration of inflammatory factors and uric acid accumulation in the kidney. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD1d-dependent type I NKT cells, which are activated by lipid antigen, are known to play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity, as are a portion of type II NKT cells. However, the heterogeneity of NKT cells, especially NKT-like cells, remains largely unknown. Here, we report the profiling of NKT (NK1.1+CD3e+) cells in livers from wild type (WT), Jα18-deficient and CD1d-deficient mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Unbiased transcriptional clustering revealed distinct cell subsets. The transcriptomic profiles identified the well-known CD1d-dependent NKT cells and defined two CD1d-independent NKT cell subsets. In addition, validation of marker genes revealed the differential organ distribution and landscape of NKT cell subsets during liver tumor progression. More importantly, we found that CD1d-independent Sca-1−CD62L+ NKT cells showed a strong ability to secrete IFN-γ after costimulation with IL-2, IL-12 and IL-18 in vitro. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of NKT cell heterogeneity and unveil a previously undefined functional NKT cell subset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mouse somatic cells can be chemically reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) through an intermediate extraembryonic endoderm (XEN)-like state. However, it is elusive how the chemicals orchestrate the cell fate alteration. In this study, we analyze molecular dynamics in chemical reprogramming from fibroblasts to a XEN-like state. We find that Sox17 is initially activated by the chemical cocktails, and XEN cell fate specialization is subsequently mediated by Sox17 activated expression of other XEN master genes, such as Sall4 and Gata4. Furthermore, this stepwise process is differentially regulated. The core reprogramming chemicals CHIR99021, 616452 and Forskolin are all necessary for Sox17 activation, while differently required for Gata4 and Sall4 expression. The addition of chemical boosters in different phases further improves the generation efficiency of XEN-like cells. Taken together, our work demonstrates that chemical reprogramming is regulated in 3 distinct "prime–specify–transit" phases initiated with endogenous Sox17 activation, providing a new framework to understand cell fate determination. Yang, Xu, Gu et al. demonstrate that activation of endogenous Sox17 pushes fibroblasts to an extraembryonic endoderm-like state in chemically induced reprogramming of somatic cells into stem cells. This study provides insights into how chemicals prime the transition of somatic cells into stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal hernia is an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction, and the through sites of hernias may include the paraduodenum, transmesenteric region, foramen of Winslow, paracecum, the broad ligament of the uterus, and the transomental region. Transomental hernia is the rarest type of internal hernia and accounts for fewer than 1% of internal hernias. Transmesenteric and transomental hernias are different from the other types of internal hernia, and usually present acute intestinal obstruction with strangulation of the small bowel. We report a 74-year-old male with initial manifestation of peritonitis. Internal hernia-induced intestinal obstruction with strangulation was highly suspected from the image study. After an urgent exploratory laparotomy, transomental hernia was diagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new type of tensegrity robot (FTR) based on new class 1 tensegrity system is proposed. • The kinematic and static problems of FTRs are analyzed using the law of minimum energy. • The force space is proposed to present the relationship between external and internal forces acting on the FTR. Tensegrity robots, which are famous for their light weight and high adaptability, have unique potential applications in space exploration and task execution in complex environments. In this paper, a new type of tensegrity robot containing springs is introduced and analysed. The kinematic and static problems of the tensegrity robot are solved using the law of minimum energy. The accessible workspace of the tensegrity robot is calculated using a numerical method according to the kinematic and static model. In addition, the feasible force space, which is the collection of external forces that can be applied to the tensegrity robot in a certain equilibrium configuration, is derived and verified using a particular tensegrity robot as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of using ibuprofen as an albumin-binding entity was recently demonstrated by the development of [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-PSMA-01. In the present study, we designed a novel ibuprofen-containing radioligand (Ibu-PSMA-02) with subtle structural changes regarding the linker entity in order to investigate a potential impact on the in vitro and in vivo properties. Ibu-PSMA-02 was prepared using solid-phase synthesis techniques and labeled with lutetium-177. [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-PSMA-02 was evaluated in vitro with regard to its plasma protein-binding properties, PSMA affinity and uptake into PSMA-expressing PC-3 PIP tumor cells. The tissue distribution profile of [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-PSMA-02 was assessed in tumor-bearing mice and dose estimations were performed. The in vitro characteristics of [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-PSMA-02 were similar to those previously obtained for [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-PSMA-01 with respect to plasma protein-binding, PSMA affinity and tumor cell uptake. The in vivo studies revealed, however, an unprecedentedly high uptake of [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-PSMA-02 in PC-3 PIP tumors, resulting in an increased absorbed tumor dose of 7.7 Gy/MBq as compared to 5.1 Gy/MBq calculated for [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-PSMA-01. As a consequence of the high tumor accumulation, [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-PSMA-02 showed higher tumor-to-background ratios than [177Lu]Lu-Ibu-PSMA-01. This study exemplified that smallest structural changes in the linker entity of PSMA radioligands may have a significant impact on their pharmacokinetic profiles and, thus, may be applied as a means for ligand design optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, non-aqueous Fe(OH) 3 /palygorskite dispersion was prepared and its liquid crystal phase behavior was investigated. Positively charged Fe(OH) 3 colloidal particles were put in to non-aqueous and organically modified palygorskite dispersion. The effects of organically treated palygorskite and Fe(OH) 3 on the preparation of stable palygorskite dispersion were characterized with FT-IR, XRD, Contact Angle measurement, Zeta potential detection, Settlement measurement and SEM, respectively. The addition of Fe(OH) 3 particles shifted the concentrations of the coexisting isotropic and nematic phases to higher values while at the same time markedly accelerated the phase separation. The influence of Fe(OH) 3 particles on the dispersion in magnetic field was also discussed. • Fe(OH) 3 improved organic-Pal dispersity in non-aqueous dispersion. • Fe(OH) 3 could accelerate the phase separation of the palygorskite liquid crystal. • Organic-Pal were orientationally order in a magnetic field aided by Fe(OH) 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a 5 Terawatt, 5 MV, 1 MA pulsed power system based on vacuum magnetic insulation is simulated by the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation method. The system consists of 50 100-kV linear transformer drive (LTD) cavities in series, using magnetically insulated induction voltage adder (MIVA) technology for pulsed power addition and transmission. The pulsed power formation and the vacuum power flow are simulated when the system works in self-limited flow and load-limited flow. When the pulsed power system isn’t connected to the load, the downstream magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) works in the self-limited flow, the maximum of output current is 1.14 MA and the amplitude of voltage is 4.63 MV. The ratio of the electron current to the total current is 67.5%, when the output current reached the peak value. When the impedance of the load is 3.0 Ω, the downstream MITL works in the self-limited flow, the maximums of output current and the amplitude of voltage are 1.28 MA and 3.96 MV, and the ratio of the electron current to the total current is 11.7% when the output current reached the peak value. In addition, when the switches are triggered in synchronism with the passage of the pulse power flow, it effectively reduces the rise time of the pulse current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the evolution and dynamics of anode plasmas in high-power hollow cathode diodes were studied by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The simulation results show that the ion flow emitted by the anode plasma layer and the increase of the electron current caused by the ion flow will cause a significant decline in the diode impedance in a short time. In addition, the expansion of the anode plasma layer will cause the diode impedance to decrease. The PIC simulation technique is also applied to a high-power hollow cathode diode of a 1.0 MV-LTD generator for anode plasmas, and the PIC simulation results were compared with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface evolution for a conductor electrode under pulsed megagauss (MG) magnetic field was investigated. Stainless steel rods with 3 mm diameter were driven by 8 MA, 130 ns (10%–90%) current pulse in a series of shots on the Primary Test Stand. Experimental data from two complementary diagnostic systems and simulation results from one-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamics code reveal a transition phase for instability development. The transition, which begins as the conductor surface starts to expand, lasts about 40 ns in the pulse. It ends after the thermal plasma is formed, and striation electrothermal instability growth stops but magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability (MRTI) starts to develop. An expanding velocity which grows to about 2.0 km/s during the transition phase was directly measured for the first time. The threshold magnetic field for thermal plasma formation on the stainless steel surface was inferred to be 3.3 MG under a rising rate of about 66 MG/μs, and after that MRTI becomes predominant for amplitude growth in surface perturbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous radio and extreme ultraviolet (EUV)/white-light imaging data are examined for a solar type II radio burst occurring on 2010 March 18 to deduce its source location. Using a bow-shock model, we reconstruct the three-dimensional EUV wave front (presumably the type-II-emitting shock) based on the imaging data of the two Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory spacecraft. It is then combined with the Nançay radio imaging data to infer the three-dimensional position of the type II source. It is found that the type II source coincides with the interface between the coronal mass ejection (CME) EUV wave front and a nearby coronal ray structure, providing evidence that the type II emission is physically related to the CME-ray interaction. This result, consistent with those of previous studies, is based on simultaneous radio and EUV imaging data for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]