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The self-heating acid-curing and normal temperature water leaching process was used to extract vanadium from vanadium-containing metallurgical waste, and the optimal process parameters and mechanism of vanadium extraction were analyzed. The research results showed that when the dosage of concentrated sulfuric acid was 70% of the raw material, the aging time was 3 h, the particle size of the raw material was −0.6 mm, the leaching liquid-solid ratio was 4:1, and the leaching time was 1.5 h, the leaching rate of vanadium in the raw material was as high as 99.1%, the grade of V2O5 in the leaching residue was only 0.09%. The results of vanadium leaching kinetics showed that the leaching process was conformed to the unreacted shrinking core model, and was controlled by solid film diffusion, the reaction activation energy was 16.9 kJ/mol. The advantage of this process was that the reaction was carried out at room temperature. The leaching solution was enriched and purified to prepare high-purity V2O5 products, and the washing solution was used to leach the slag after being cured by concentrated sulfuric acid, so as to realize the recycling of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has strived to address racial/ethnic disparities in cancer care since 2009. Surgery plays a pivotal role in cancer care; however, it is unclear whether and how racial/ethnic disparities in cancer surgery have changed over time. Methods: This cohort study included 1,113,256 White and Black cancer patients across 9 years (2007–2015) using patient data extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐18 registries. Patient data were included from 2007 to adjust insurance status and by 2015 to obtain at least a 3‐year survival follow‐up (until 2018). The primary outcome was a surgical intervention. The secondary outcomes were the use of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Adjusted associations of the race (Black/White) with the outcomes were measured in each cancer type and year. Results: The gap between surgery rates for Black and White patients narrowed overall, from an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.621 (0.592–0.652) in 2007 to 0.734 (0.702–0.768) in 2015. However, the racial gap persisted in the surgery rates for lung, breast, prostate, esophageal, and ovarian cancers. In surgically treated patients with lymph node metastasis, Black patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were less likely to receive (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy than White patients. Black patients undergoing surgery were more likely to have a worse CSS rate than White patients undergoing surgery. In breast cancer patients, the overall trend was narrow, but continuously present, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.224 (1.278–1.173) in 2007 and 1.042 (1.132–0.96) in 2015. Conclusions: Overall, progress has been made toward narrowing the Black‐White gap in cancer surgical opportunity and survival. Future efforts should be directed toward those specific cancers for which the Black‐White gap continues. Additionally, it is worth addressing the Black‐White gap regarding the use of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for CRC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co2FeSi film is potential in the spintronics applications, due to its low damping factor, which is reflected in the ferromagnetic resonance behavior. In this work, we demonstrate that the ferromagnetic resonance behavior in Co2FeSi film can be well engineered by post-annealing. After 450 °C post-annealing for 1 hour, the Gilbert damping factor decreases drastically from 0.039 at as-deposited state to 0.006, and the inhomogeneity contribution of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth decreases to 60.5 Oe. These decreases are ascribed to the crystallization of film from amorphous state to an ordered B2 phase. Higher annealing temperature, however, leads to the formation of the A2 phase with higher atomic disorder, instead of B2 phase, and brings about the increase of Gilbert damping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new bimetal coordination polymer composed of Li + , Zn 2+ and 4,5‑imidazole dicarboxylic acid (idca) with a molecular formula of Li 5 Zn 6 C 25 H 11 N 10 O 24 (LiZn1) was prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. The single crystal structure shows that LiZn1 has a 3-D framework consisting of three independent four coordinated Li + and three independent five coordinated Zn 2+ cations, respectively. Topological study indicates the network of LiZn1 is 9-nodal, 3,3,3,3,3,4,5,5,6-connected net, with a point symbol of {4.6.7} 2 {4.6 2 } 4 {4 2 .6 2 .7 2 .9 3 .11}{4 2 .6} 2 {4 3 .6 3 .7 2 .8 5 .9 2 } 2 {4 3 .6 3 } 2 {6 2 .8}{6 5 .7 2 .8.9 2 } 2 . The graphene composite (LiZn1/gr, gr stands for graphene.) was prepared via a sonication treatment of the mixture of LiZn1 and graphene. LiZn1 was employed as the anode of a lithium ion battery, the initial discharge capacity was obtained for 558 mAh/g, after 100 cycles the discharge capacity was decreased to around 75 mAh/g. However, the graphene composite (LiZn1/gr) has improved very much the performance with the initial discharge capacity of 1090 mAh/g and after 100 cycles the discharge capacity could remain about 133 mAh/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling of spent commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) generates numerous environmental and economic benefits. In this research, a thermal treatment-ammoniacal leaching process is proposed to recover valuable metals from cathode active powder. Based on the thermal behavior by TG-DSC analysis, the cathode active powder is calcined at 300 °C and 550 °C in air atmosphere, and the crystalline phase characterization indicates that a new phase of Co 3 O 4 appears in the cathode active powder calcined at 550 °C, which signifies that the layer structure of LiCoO 2 collapses. The valence of manganese increases to form Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 in spinel structure of LiMn 2 O 4 . Using calcined cathode powder as feed material, ammoniacal leaching is carried out in (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 -(NH 4 ) 2 SO 3 solution. Under the optimum conditions, Ni, Co, Mn and Li can be completely leached out with efficiencies of 98%, 81%, 92% and 98%, respectively. However, with the increase of ammonia concentration, the leaching efficiency of Mn decreases dramatically to 4% due to the formation of double salts. It is found that Co and Mn can be precipitated into residues in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 Co(SO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O, (NH 4 ) 2 Mn(SO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O and (NH 4 ) 2 Mn(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O under different leaching parameters. Based on the corresponding relationship between the leaching efficiency and phase evolution of object element, selective leaching can be achieved by controlling the formation of double salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a simple and facile sequential hydrothermal process for the synthesis of Co3O4 nanowire@NiO nanosheet arrays (CNAs). The as-synthesized CNAs were characterized in detail using various analytical techniques, which confirmed the high crystallinity, purity, and high-density growth of these nanomaterials. From an application point of view, the as-synthesized CNAs were directly used as supercapacitor electrodes, revealing a specific capacitance of up to 2018 mF cm−2 at a current density of 2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using the as-synthesized CNAs as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode, which revealed a specific capacitance of 134.6 mF cm−2 at a current density of 2 mA cm−2. In addition, the supercapacitor showed excellent capacity retention of 73.5% after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, grain-like ɑ-Fe 2 O 3 nanostructures are successfully obtained by a facile hydrothermal approach without using any templates. The morphology and microstructure of the as-synthesized products are characterized using scanning electron morphology (SEM) and transmission electron morphology (TEM). A possible growth mechanism of grain-like ɑ-Fe 2 O 3 nanostructures is proposed by adjusting volume ratio of ethanol/water. The as-prepared ɑ-Fe 2 O 3 products are used as the photocatalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) dyes. The result indicate that CR molecules can be degraded nearly completely (over 99%) after 24 min under visible light irradiation. The as-synthesized grain-like ɑ-Fe 2 O 3 nanostructures might have potential application in eliminating organic pollutants in waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is crucial in the development of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy(DN). Previous data shows that SIRT1 plays an important role on fibrosis, but the effect on TIF in DN and underlying mechanisms remains uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the vital role of SIRT1 and identified SIRT1 as a downstream target gene of microRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p) in TIF of DN. The result revealed that expression of miR-34a-5p, fibronectin(FN),collagen type I (COL1) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were up-regulated accompanied by the corresponding down-regulation of SIRT1 in renal tissues of high fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)induced diabetic mice with DN, and that the SIRT1 mRNA level was negatively correlated with miR-34a-5p expression in high glucose stimulated human proximal tubule cell line(HK-2) cells. We then demonstrated that overexpression of SIRT1 reduced, whereas small interfering RNA targeting SIRT1 enhanced the expressions of TGF-β1 and fibrosis-related genes including FN and COL1 in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, we identified that miR-34a-5p directly suppressed SIRT1 to increase the profibrogenic effects of TGFβ1 through targeting the 3'untranslated region of SIRT1. The functional correlation of miR-34a-5p induced SIRT1 decrease was supported by overexpression and inhibition of miR-34a-5p in HK-2 cells. All the results reveal that SIRT1 which is vital in the evolution of renal TIF in DN can be directly suppressed by miR-34a-5p, and suggest that miR-34a-5p is a new target for DN treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a dissipative quantum system which is described by the Doebner–Goldin equation (DGE) model. For time-independent states, the new three-dimensional analytical solutions of the DGE are obtained by binding the vertical relation of velocity and the gradient of density in the system, when the form of a central potential such as hard core or harmonic oscillator is suggested. Through the gauge-invariant parameters which characterize the physical nature of the dissipation, we find a novel set of gauge-invariant parameters which show that the Galilean invariance is broken in this system. Moreover, a subfamily of the DGE can be obtained after a gauge transformation, which describes a dissipative quantum system with the conserved Galilean invariance. It is interesting that this dissipative quantum system is completely equivalent to a charge-monopole system, in which the Dirac potential is supplied with the nonlinear terms and two cases of the velocity potential. Especially, the two gauge potentials given by Wu and Yang emerge from solving the DGE as two cases in our approach. The results not only present some new physical comprehension of the dissipative quantum system, but also might shed light on the Dirac monopole potential, in the sense that the partition into south and north hemisphere is avoided in our new solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation in weaning pig diet on growth performance, blood profile, carcass characteristics and economic analysis on weaning to finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 120 cross bred ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) weaning pigs were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 4 replications with 6 pigs per pen. Five different levels of RSM (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) were used as dietary treatments. Results: Overall, no treatment showed significant differences in growth performance with increased dietary RSM levels. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased as dietary RSM levels increased in 6 weeks (linear response, p<0.01). Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine showed no significant differences, neither were there any significant differences in the immune response (IgG and IgA). As the dietary RSM levels of weaning pig diet were increased, no differences were found among dietary treatments upon performing proximate analyses of the pork after finishing. The influence of RSM supplementation on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were not affected by dietary RSM levels either. With increased dietary RSM levels in the weaning pig diet, no differences among dietary treatments were found after performing proximate analyses of the pork's physiochemical properties. In addition, there were no significant differences observed in pork colors, pH levels, and economic benefits. Conclusion: Consequently, this experiment demonstrated that weaning pig's diet containing RSM influenced BUN concentration, but there were no detrimental effects on the growth performance of weaning pigs with up to 8% RSM in the diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate various wheat supplementation levels on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility, and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 120 growing pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc), with an average 27.75 ± 1.319 kg body weight, were used in growth trial. Pigs were allotted into each treatment by body weight and sex in 4 replicates with 6 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Four-phase feeding programs were used in this experiment. The treatments included the following: i) corn-soybean meal (SBM) - based diet (CON), ii) corn-SBM - based diet+15% of wheat (W15), iii) corn-SBM - based diet+30% of wheat (W30), iv) corn-SBM - based diet+45% of wheat (W45), and 5) corn-SBM-based diet+60% of wheat (W60). Results: There was no significant difference in growth performance among the dietary treatments. However, the gain-to-feed (G:F) ratio tended to increase (quadratic, p<0.08) when the pigs were fed a higher wheat diet during the finishing period. The digestibility of crude ash and fat tended to decrease as the wheat supplementation level increased (p<0.08). The proximate analysis of the longissimus muscle was not affected by the dietary level of wheat. The crude ash content in pork was decreased linearly as the wheat supplementation level increased (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the pH level, shear force, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of the pork. In pork and fat, L*, a*, and b* values were not significantly different among dietary treatments. Conclusion: Wheat can be supplemented up to 60% in a growing-finishing pig without detrimental effects on growth and pork quality. The G:F ratio tended to improve in the finishing period by wheat inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: 158 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scalable protocol for the synthesis of title compounds tolerates various functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title reaction is promoted by a bifunctional thiourea-phosphine catalyst derived from an axially chiral binaphthyl scaffold affording spirooxindoles (III) with high enantioselectivities but only moderate diastereoselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title cyclization is accomplished via a tandem Rauhut-Currier/Michael/Rauhut-Currrier reaction sequence to give spirocyclic oxindoles in high yields along with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Albuminuria is a hallmark of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) that promotes its progression, leading to renal fibrosis. Renal macrophage function is complex and influenced by macrophage metabolic status. However, the metabolic state of diabetic renal macrophages and the impact of albuminuria on the macrophage metabolic state are poorly understood. Methods: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting. Glycolytic enzyme expression in macrophages co-cultured with HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs was detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The potential role of EV-associated HIF-1α in the mediation of glycolysis was explored in HIF-1α siRNA pre-transfected macrophages co-cultured with HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs, and the extent of HIF-1α hydroxylation was measured using western blotting. Additionally, we injected db/db mice with EVs via the caudal vein twice a week for 4 weeks. Renal macrophages were isolated using CD11b microbeads, and immunohistofluorescence was applied to confirm the levels of glycolytic enzymes and HIF-1α in these macrophages. Results: Glycolysis was activated in diabetic renal macrophages after co-culture with HSA-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs promoted macrophage glycolysis both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of glycolysis activation in macrophages using the glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG decreased the expression of both inflammatory and fibrotic genes. Mechanistically, EVs from HSA-stimulated HK-2 cells were found to accelerate macrophage glycolysis by stabilizing HIF-1α. We also found that several miRNAs and lncRNAs, which have been reported to stabilize HIF-1α expression, were increased in HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs. Conclusion: Our study suggested that albuminuria induced renal macrophage glycolysis through tubular epithelial cell-derived EVs by stabilizing HIF-1α, indicating that regulation of macrophage glycolysis may offer a new treatment strategy for DKD patients, especially those with macroalbuminuria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strontium is one of the main radionuclide in wastewater from nuclear power plants. A new strongly acidic cation exchange resin of LewatitSM 1000KR was used to adsorb Sr2+, and the resin after adsorbing Sr2+ was volume-reduced and cured. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of LewatitSM 1000KR resin for Sr2+ was 35.82 mg/mL at 308 K. The volume of the resin after adsorption of Sr2+ was reduced by 80% after calcination at 900 °C, while the content of Sr2+ in the resin was unchanged. This research provides a new idea for the solidification of radioactive strontium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new type of phosphorylated chitosan-supported nano iron (CSP/Fe0) composite material. CSP/Fe0 had a high adsorption rate (99.25%) and a maximum adsorption capacity (627.34 mg g−1) when the conditions were pH = 6, 308.15 K and 12 h. CSP/Fe0 had a specific surface area of CSP/Fe0 was 6.02 m2 g−1, and has a mesoporous structure with more active sites (average pore size is 9.67 nm). The primary mechanism may be the complexation of U(VI) with abundant –OH, –NH2, P=O on the surface of the material and the reduction of nanoscale zero-valent iron. Therefore, it is indicated that the material has good potential in remediation of uranium-contaminated groundwater environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The prognostic role of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the association of PD-L1 with survival in NSCLC patients. Methods Relevant studies were collected from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Only studies in which PD-L1 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in NSCLC patients correlated with patient survival data were included. Stata 12.0 was performed in this meta-analysis. Results Fifteen studies with 3116 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The combined hazard ratio (HR) of 1.18 (95%CI, 0.90–1.56; P > 0.05) shows that PD-L1 over-expression in NSCLC patients didn't associate with overall survival (OS). However, subgroup analysis indicated that PD-L1 over-expression was correlated with poor OS in Asian patients (HR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.14–2.28; P < 0.001). Moreover, the results suggested that a significant relationship between PD-L1 expression and OS was also showed in studies with late stage (HR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.06–1.48; P = 0.031), poor tumor differentiation (HR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.35–2.64; P = 0.001) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation (HR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.03–5.78; P = 0.028). Conclusions PD-L1 over-expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in Asian NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic compensated materials attracted much interests due to the observed large exchange bias and large coercivity, and also their potential applications in the antiferromagnetic spintronics with merit of no stray field. In this work, by using ab-initio studies, we designed several Ni (Pd, Pt) doped Mn 3 Ge-based D0 22 -type tetragonal Heusler alloys with fully compensated states. Theoretically, we find the total moment change is asymmetric across the compensation point (at ~x=0.3) in Mn 3-x Y x Ge (Y=Ni, Pd, Pt). In addition, an uncommon discontinuous jump is observed across the critical zero-moment point, indicating that some non-trivial properties may emerge at this point. Further electronic analyses of these compensated alloys reveal high spin polarizations at the Fermi level, which is advantageous for spin transfer torque applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Pd(II)-Catalyzed Alkylation of Unactivated C(sp³)-H Bonds: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active Unnatural α-Amino Acids" by researchers F. Hu, K. Chen and others published in the "Chemical Science" in 2013.

Dexing porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposit, one of the largest copper deposits in China, is located adjacent to the Neoproterozoic suture of South China Block. It has similar characteristics in terms of hydrothermal vein and alteration types to those of typical porphyry copper deposits, but differs in fluid compositions and properties. Through petrographic observation on the mineralized veins and phenocryst quartz, five types of fluid inclusions were recognized, i.e. multi-phase high salinity inclusions (A type) which was subdivided into A 1 (containing only halite as daughter mineral) and A 2 (containing halite and opaque daughter minerals) subtypes, vapor-rich inclusions (B type), CO 2 -bearing inclusions (C type), LV inclusions with vapor to liquid ratio of ~ 20% (D type) and LV inclusions with vapor to liquid ratio less than 10% (E type). The earliest barren quartz veins with potassic halos contain primary A 1 and C type inclusions; primary fluid inclusions in the Q + Py + Mo ± Cp veins consist of C type inclusions in coexistence with minor A 1 type inclusions; primary inclusions in the Q + Py + Cp ± Cc veins with sericitic selvages are A 2 and B type inclusions; fluid inclusions in phenocryst quartz are secondary, and consist of D, A 2 , B and E type inclusions. Laser Raman spectroscopic investigation revealed that daughter minerals within the A type inclusions include anhydrite, siderite and magnetite; vapor in B type inclusions contains CO 2 . Microthermometry revealed that A type inclusions were predominantly homogenized by halite dissolution. These inclusions exhibit variations in both halite melting temperatures (T m, halite ) and liquid to vapor homogenization temperatures (Th L–V ). They are interpreted to originate from heterogeneous trapping of halite-saturated solutions, and subjected to post-entrapment stretching. Pressure calculations suggest that A and C type inclusions formed at great pressures of > 150 MPa, which resulted in the retention of more CO 2 in the exsolved fluids than those of shallow porphyry Cu systems. Compositions of hydrothermal fluids were possibly in the “L + V + H” field of the H 2 O–NaCl–CO 2 ternary system, thus leading to immiscibility to produce halite-saturated solution, halite crystals and CO 2 -bearing vapor. The barren quartz veins and potassic alteration represented by A 1 subtype and C type inclusions formed at a temperature range of 450 to 500 °C and pressure of ~ 265 to 300 MPa. Later, a decrease in temperature to 300–400 °C and pressure to ~ 220 MPa resulted in the precipitation of molybdenite. Subsequently, a decrease in temperature (to ~ 200–250 °C) and pressure (to ~ 150 MPa) occurred during chalcopyrite precipitation and pervasive sericitic alteration. Pyrite-dominated veins and barren carbonate quartz veins formed in response to influx of meteoric waters, and were the last stage hydrothermal activities at Dexing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sanshandao gold deposit is located at the northwestern edge of the Jiaodong peninsula, North China Craton. It is mainly hosted in the Mesozoic granitoids. Gold mineralization occurs as disseminated- and stockwork-style ores, typically enveloped by broad alteration selvages. Mineralization and alterations are structurally controlled by the Sanshandao–Cangshang fault. Three paragenetic stages were identified with the early stage represented by quartz ± pyrite, the middle stage by gold + quartz + pyrite or gold + quartz + base metal sulfides, and the late stage by quartz + carbonate ± pyrite, respectively. Four types of fluid inclusions were distinguished, including (1) pure CO 2 fluid inclusions (type I), (2) H 2 O–CO 2 –NaCl fluid inclusions (type II), (3) H 2 O–NaCl fluid inclusions (type III), and (4) daughter mineral-bearing or multiphase fluid inclusions (type IV). The early- and middle-stage quartz mainly contain primary type II fluid inclusions that completely homogenized at temperatures of 241–390 °C with salinities of 2.96–18.39 wt.% NaCl equivalent, and temperatures of 207–336 °C with salinities of 2.06–17.57 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively. A few primary type I fluid inclusions can be observed in the early-stage quartz, while the middle-stage quartz contains a few primary type I, type III and type IV fluid inclusions. In contrast, the late-stage quartz only contains type III fluid inclusions showing homogenization temperatures of 101–268 °C, and salinities of 0.17–15.47 wt.% NaCl equivalent. CH 4 , derived from extensive water–rock interaction between the ore-forming fluids and wall rocks in the main fault, is the key factor controlling the gold mineralization. CH 4 changed the physico-chemical conditions of the ore fluids, and led to gold precipitation. Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopic analyses for quartz from different ore-forming stages show that the ore-forming fluids are of magmatic origin, with gradual incorporation of meteoric water during/after mineralization. δ 34 S values of pyrite from different ore-forming stages vary between 1.9‰ and 11.9‰. 3 He/ 4 He ratios of fluid inclusions in the middle-stage pyrite mainly range from 0.14 to 2.94 Ra, while it is from 675.10 to 5926.44 for 40 Ar/ 36 Ar. All these isotopic signatures suggest that the ore fluids could be derived from a combination of crustal and mantle components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, According to the nonlinear seepage law of the special low permeability reservoir, the mathematical model of the three dimensional three phase nonlinear reservoir is established based on the conventional three dimensional black oil model and the two parameter nonlinear seepage model. The block centered seven point finite difference method of extra low permeability reservoir mathematical model of nonlinear flow difference discrete, introducing non dimensionless permeability coefficient to revise the absolute permeability, gives the corresponding numerical model. The numerical model of nonlinear flow in a special low permeability reservoir is solved by using the alternating iterative method. Establish a production concept model of nonlinear seepage parameter sensitivity analysis and research on oil-water different nonlinear seepage law of ultra - low permeability reservoir development effect. The research results provide a reference for the wide application of the nonlinear seepage numerical simulation method and the nonlinear seepage numerical simulation technology in the special low permeability reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient IrIII-catalyzed cascade cyclization of indoles and diazoes giving access to unique pentacyclic-fused carbazoles has been developed. This novel strategy expanded the application scope of coupling partners to take diazo compounds as a C2 source, and two new cycles, three new C−C and one new C−N bonds were formed in one-pot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC nano-multilayer films with different modulation period were successfully deposited on SiO 2 /Si substrates by sputtering alternately using Cu–Se and SiC targets. The deposited films were observed on both surface and cross-section, and the thermoelectric properties were studied. The results show that both carrier concentration and mobility at room temperature decreased with the reducing modulation period for the nano-multilayer films. The conductivity slightly decreased and Seebeck coefficient greatly increased with the reducing modulation period. As a result of competition, the power factor of the nano multilayer films increased with the reducing modulation period because the positive effect of the Seebeck coefficient exceeded the negative effect of the conductivity. In the case of β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC nano multilayer film with the smallest modulation periods (210 ​nm), the power factor reached 0.39 ​mWm−1K−2 and 0.59 ​mWm−1K−2 at room temperature and 325 ​°C, respectively. The enhanced power factor for nano multilayer films is attributed to the scattering process at the β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC layer interface, which reduces the carrier concentration and the mobility. It is concluded that the thermoelectric properties of β-Cu 2+x Se films can be effectively improved by designing nano multilayer structure. [Display omitted] • β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC nano-multilayer films were prepared on Si substrates by sputtering. • The carrier concentration and the mobility decreased with the reducing modulation period. • The conductivity reduced and Seebeck coefficient enhanced by the inserting interface. • An increase in power factor is attributed to the scattering at β-Cu 2+x Se/SiC interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Skewed usage of H/L chain genes were identified in various clinical presentations. • IGKV3–7 and IGKV2–24 enriched in asymptomatic patients. • Dock analysis indicated that IGHV3–13 might be a potential vaccine candidate. • IGHV3–23 was differentially expressed in naive and memory B cell clusters. B cell-mediated immune responses play important roles in controlling SARS-CoV infection. Here, we performed the single-cell B cell receptor sequencing (scBCR-seq) of the PBMC samples from eleven healthy controls, five asymptomatic subjects and 33 symptomatic COVID-19 patients with various clinical presentations, and subsequently analyzed the abundance and diversity of the BCR repertoires in different groups, respectively. We revealed the skewed usage of the IGHV, IGLV and IGKV genes and identified a number of heavy or light chain VDJ gene pairs and combinational preference in each group, such as IGKV3–7 and IGKV2–24 enriched in the asymptomatic subjects, whereas IGHV3–13, IGHV3–23-IGHJ4, IGHV1–18–IGLV3–19, IGHV1–18–IGLV3–21, and IGHV1–18–IGLV3–25 enriched in the recovery patients with severe diseases. We also observed the differential expression of IGHV3–23 in various B cell clusters by analysis of the scRNA-seq data. Additional dock analysis indicated that IGHV3–13 could bind to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. These findings may advance our understanding of the humoral immune responses in COVID-19 patients and help develop novel vaccine candidates as well as therapeutical antibodies against SASR-CoV-2 infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migraine is a common disease worldwide and migraine prevention is primarily currently based on pharmaceuticals. The mechanism of Vitamin B2 may positively contribute to migraine. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of Vitamin B2 supplementation on the days, duration, frequency, and pain score of the migraine attack. : The PRISMA guideline was used for the studying process. Five electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and CEPS were searched from 1990 to March 2019. The search terms were Vitamin B2, migraine, and prophylactic. A meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version. : Nine articles were included in systemic review and finally meta-analysis. Eight randomized controlled trials and one controlled clinical trial with 673 subjects were analyzed using meta-analysis. Vitamin B2 supplementation significantly decreased migraine days (p =.005, I2 = 89%), duration (p =.003, I2 = 0), frequency (p =.001, I2 = 65%), and pain score (p =.015, I2 = 84%). A pooled analysis of available randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrated that Vitamin B2 400 mg/day for three months supplementation had significant effect on days, duration, frequency, and pain score of migraine attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Albuminuria is a hallmark of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) that promotes its progression, leading to renal fibrosis. Renal macrophage function is complex and influenced by macrophage metabolic status. However, the metabolic state of diabetic renal macrophages and the impact of albuminuria on the macrophage metabolic state are poorly understood. Methods: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting. Glycolytic enzyme expression in macrophages co-cultured with HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs was detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The potential role of EV-associated HIF-1α in the mediation of glycolysis was explored in HIF-1α siRNA pre-transfected macrophages co-cultured with HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs, and the extent of HIF-1α hydroxylation was measured using western blotting. Additionally, we injected db/db mice with EVs via the caudal vein twice a week for 4 weeks. Renal macrophages were isolated using CD11b microbeads, and immunohistofluorescence was applied to confirm the levels of glycolytic enzymes and HIF-1α in these macrophages. Results: Glycolysis was activated in diabetic renal macrophages after co-culture with HSA-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs promoted macrophage glycolysis both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of glycolysis activation in macrophages using the glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG decreased the expression of both inflammatory and fibrotic genes. Mechanistically, EVs from HSA-stimulated HK-2 cells were found to accelerate macrophage glycolysis by stabilizing HIF-1α. We also found that several miRNAs and lncRNAs, which have been reported to stabilize HIF-1α expression, were increased in HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs. Conclusion: Our study suggested that albuminuria induced renal macrophage glycolysis through tubular epithelial cell-derived EVs by stabilizing HIF-1α, indicating that regulation of macrophage glycolysis may offer a new treatment strategy for DKD patients, especially those with macroalbuminuria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model test investigates the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the slamming effects in the stepped moonpool under wave excitation with ship forward speed. An analysis is conducted to compare and examine the variations in the duration and extreme value of slamming at different positions along the moonpool wall. The mechanism of the slamming formation on the moonpool wall during the piston and sloshing motion of the fluid in the moonpool is studied in depth. The results indicate that the slamming phenomenon of the stepped moonpool is limited to one side of the step, while the opposite side does not exhibit any noticeable slamming phenomenon. The existence of the step leads to a similar phenomenon of the 'dam-break effect', which in turn produces a slamming phenomenon. The slamming on the wall of the moonpool is significantly influenced by the motion mode of the fluid within the moonpool, which in turn affects its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. The duration and magnitude of slamming vary with the vertical location of the wall. The presence of steps in the moonpool is a crucial structural element that leads to the slamming of the moonpool, regardless of whether the fluid inside is in piston or sloshing action. This paper provides citations and recommendations for the design of moonpools and the mitigation of slamming phenomena within them. • The slamming phenomenon of the stepped moonpool is limited to one side of the step, while the opposite side does not exhibit any noticeable slamming phenomenon. The existence of the step leads to a similar phenomenon of 'dam-break effect', which in turn produces a slamming phenomenon. • The slamming on the wall of the moonpool is significantly influenced by the motion mode of the fluid within the moonpool, which in turn affects its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. • The presence of steps in the moonpool is a crucial structural element that leads to the slamming, regardless of whether the fluid inside is in piston or sloshing action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel environmentally-friendly porous hydrogel adsorbent (GHPN) is firstly designed and prepared using dextran, phosphate, and calcium hydroxide for the adsorption of Be(II). GHPN shows good adsorption selectivity for Be(II) (K d = 1.53 × 104 mL/g). According the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics, the theoretical adsorption capacity of GHPN to Be(II) is 43.75 mg/g (35 °C, pH = 6.5), indicating a spontaneous exothermic reaction. After being reused for 5 cycles, the adsorption and desorption efficiencies of Be(II) with GHPN are obtained to be more than 80 %, showing acceptable recycling performance. Both of the characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that the phosphate group, hydroxyl group, and amino group own the affinity to form stable complexes with Be(II). Benefiting from the introduction of phosphate and amino, the adsorption effect of the hydrogel adsorbent on Be(II) can be greatly improved, and surface precipitation, complexation, and ligand exchange are the dominant mechanisms of beryllium adsorption. The results suggest that GHPN has great potential to be utilized as an eco-friendly and useful adsorbent of Be(II) from aqueous solution. [Display omitted] • A novel porous hydrogel GHPN was prepared to remove Be(II) from aqueous solution for the first time. • The maximum adsorption capacity of Be(II) by GHPN was up to 43.75 mg/g. • Surface precipitation, complexation, and ligand exchange were dominant for the adsorption of Be(II) by GHPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intensification of uranium-beryllium mining, a large amount of tailings wastewater is urgently needed to be treated. In this paper, the agricultural waste longan shell is used as the material (LSB), and the biochar with excellent pore structure is prepared by a straightforward high-temperature carbonization method. The primary adsorption mechanism may be ion exchange between beryllium and LSB. In addition, by characterizing the physical and chemical properties of LSB and adsorbed LSB (Used-LSB), it can be seen that the hydroxyl group on LSB forms a stable complex with beryllium and promotes the combination of carbonate group and beryllium.Graphical abstract: With the intensification of uranium-beryllium mining, a large amount of tailings wastewater is urgently needed to be treated. In this paper, the agricultural waste longan shell is used as the material (LSB), and the biochar with excellent pore structure is prepared by a straightforward high-temperature carbonization method. The primary adsorption mechanism may be ion exchange between beryllium and LSB. In addition, by characterizing the physical and chemical properties of LSB and adsorbed LSB (Used-LSB), it can be seen that the hydroxyl group on LSB forms a stable complex with beryllium and promotes the combination of carbonate group and beryllium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) Si-based sodium ion microbatteries (SIMBs) are one of the most promising micro/nano power sources to meet the urgent demands of the micro/nano electromechanical system (M/NEMS) and the tiny smart semiconductor devices. Herein, the Sb electrode is firmly anchored on the 3D hierarchical Si/graphene supporting structure and embraces enhanced electrochemical performance when employed as anode for Si-based SIMBs. Both the enlarged surface area and the reduced electrons&ions transporting distance are beneficial to promote more Na ions reversibly and fast stored in the Sb active material. Moreover, the volume expansion of the Sb electrode during cycling can be well alleviated due to the enough space existed in the 3D micro/nanostructures, thus bring improved cycle life, which are verified from the post morphology characterizations. Systematical Na ion storage behaviors of the 3D Si/graphene/Sb (3D Si/Gr/Sb) microrod (MR) arrays electrode are investigated from the different scan rates of cyclic voltammetry (CV) results, ex-situ XRD/Raman tests, and first-principles theoretical calculations, which prove that the favorable kinetics in the 3D multilayer electrode configurations. Superb cycle stability of the as-constructed full battery of 3D Si/Gr/Sb||NaNiFeMnO 2 implies that the potential application of the 3D hierarchical electrode. Illustration of the promoted kinetics of the unique 3D Si/Graphene/Sb electrode. [Display omitted] • Attractive 3D Si/Gr/Sb anode for Na ion microbattery. • 3D graphene interlayer positively promotes the kinetics. • Improvement in hierarchical 3D Si/Gr/Sb electrode. • Systematic investigation on Na ion storage mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Summarizing the targeted AIE photosensitizers (PSs) and tumor microenvironment activated AIE PSs for enhancing the intraoperative safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT). • Discussing two-photon excitable AIE PSs for precise PDT with decreased side effects. • Reviewing the degradable AIE PSs, including the bio-degradable ones and self-degradable ones, for improving the postoperative safety of PDT. • Analyzing the challenges and opportunities confronted by safe PDT. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a powerful tool in tumor treatment due to its unique advantages of being minimally invasive and universally applicable. Photosensitizers (PSs) play a crucial role in PDT, and those with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have been developed to enhance fluorescence and improve photosensitization under physiological conditions for image-guided PDT. However, the non-specific distribution of PSs during PDT and their prolonged retention in the body after PDT can result in damage to normal tissues upon exposure to light, leading to the occurrence of severe side effects. Therefore, this review systematically summarized the latest advances in designing new AIE PSs to enhance the safety of PDT. In particular, some strategies of targeted PSs, responsive turn-on PSs, and two-photon excitable PSs to enhance the intraoperative safety, as well as the strategy of degradable PSs to enhance the postoperative safety were focused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrestrial silicon (Si) from biogeochemically weathered rocks and soils into oceans must pass through several water bodies, resulting in some Si immobilized. Hence, the knowledge on Si distribution characteristics in different water bodies at a basin scale is helpful to understand Si immobilization. A total of 65 surface sediments and corresponding overlying water samples were sampled from six water bodies (Dianchi Lake, DL; Dadu River, DR; Tuojiang River, TR; Honghu Lake, HL; Donghu Lake, DhL; Taihu Lake, TL) in the Yangtze River Basin of China, total dissolved Si (TDSi) in overlying water and exchangeable Si (Ex-Si), active non-biogenic Si (NBSi), and total acid dissolved Si (TADSi) in sediments were analyzed. Water chemical parameters (pH, EC, and TDP) and sediment components (LOI, TN, TP, and TADFe) showed that the water environment characteristics of six water bodies differed. TDSi differed among regions and between lakes and rivers, significantly higher in water bodies in the upper reaches and rivers than the middle or lower reaches and lakes (p < 0.05), respectively. Ex-Si in sediments in the upper reaches was significantly higher than in the middle or lower reaches (p < 0.05), except for DhL, whose Ex-Si was the highest. Mean TADSi and active NBSi were significantly higher in lakes than rivers (p < 0.05). Oxidation of sediments significantly increased TDSi in overlying water and active NBSi in sediments (p < 0.01). Si forms in six water bodies significantly depended on components of the sediments (e.g. active Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, and Al3+) and water chemical parameters (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that immobilization of Si in water bodies in the Yangtze River Basin depends on the types of water bodies and sediments, lakes and Fe–Al dominated sediments have a high potential to immobilize Si, but anthropogenic interference should not be ignored. • TDSi in overlying water in upper reaches was higher than middle or lower reaches. • Exchangeable Si in upper reaches sediments was higher than middle or lower reaches. • TADSi and active non-biogenic Si in sediments in lake were higher than river. • Ca–Mg-dominated sediments had lower capacity to immobilize Si than Fe–Al-dominated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title reaction is studied using β-isocupreidine and 2-(OH)-2′-(PPh2)-1,1′-binaphthyl as comparable chiral catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure, ferroelectric polarization, magnetism, and electronic structure in Fe-substituted tetragonal BiCoO 3 at concentrations of 25% and 50% are investigated within the framework of density functional theory. The C-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin configurations with intra-layer AFM coupling interactions are energetically favorable among all the considered magnetic ordering states. Fe substitutions produce 1 μB net magnetic moment in Fe-substituted BiCoO 3 system. Using the point charge model, the ferroelectric polarizations are predicted to be as high as 165 and 163 μC/cm 2 for 25% and 50% Fe substitution. Electronic band structures reveal that the Fe-substituted BiCoO 3 systems are ferrimagnetic insulator. Present first-principles calculation results demonstrate that Fe substitutional doping may produce multiferroic materials simultaneously showing ferrimagnetic and excellent ferroelectric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first example of Ni-catalyzed halogenation of (hetero)aryl C–H bonds with lithium halides (LiX, X = Br, I, Cl) using PIP as a removable directing group is reported. This protocol provides an efficient access to ortho-halogenated (hetero)arenes with operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, and large-scale synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel carbazole-based mono- and dinuclear gold(I) complexes with various lengths of alkyl chains were synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffractometry. Their aggregation-induced emission characteristics were investigated by ultraviolet/visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Their solid-state mechanochromic luminescence behavior was also studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. All gold(I) complexes based on a carbazole scaffold structure exhibited excellent aggregation-induced emission properties. Luminogens 1 and 2 showed reversible mechanochromism phenomena involving luminescent color transformation from yellow–green to green. Luminogens 3 and 4 exhibited switchable mechanochromic luminescence behavior involving fluorescent color change from colorless to green. The solid-state fluorescence of luminogens 5 and 6 can be switched between weak and strong fluorescence by mechanical force stimulus, and this conversion is irreversible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C13H17N5O2, the dihedral angle angle between the pyrazole and pyridazine rings is 14.44 (8)°. The mol­ecules are linked into a chain along the b axis by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the successful synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic degradation applications of hollow ZnS nanospheres prepared by facile hydrothermal process. The detailed structural and morphological properties revealed that the prepared nanospheres are well-crystalline and grown in very high density. The prepared nanospheres were utilized as efficient photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of three harmful and toxic dyes, i.e. methyl orange(MO), eosin red and methylene blue(MB) which exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation in the order of MO (65%)

We investigated stage-dependent changes in sensitivity of the thyroid gland to perchlorate during development of African clawed frog tadpoles ( Xenopus laevis ) in relation to non-thyroidal iodide transporting tissues. Perchlorate-induced increases in thyroid follicle cell size and colloid depletion were blunted when exposures began at Nieuwkoop–Faber (NF) stage 55 compared to when exposures began at NF stages 49 or 1–10. To determine if the development of other iodide transporting tissues may contribute to this difference we first examined which tissues expressed transcripts for the sodium dependent iodide symporter (NIS). RT-PCR analysis revealed that NIS was expressed in stomach and small intestine in addition to the thyroid gland of X. laevis tadpoles. NIS mRNA was not detected in lung, kidney, skin, gill, muscle, heart or liver. Perchlorate sensitive 125 I uptake was found in stomach, lung, kidney, gill, and small intestine but not muscle, liver, or heart. Perchlorate-sensitive 125 I uptake by stomach was 6–10 times greater than in any other non-thyroidal tissue in tadpoles. While NF stage 49 tadpoles exhibited perchlorate-sensitive uptake in stomach it was roughly 4-fold less than that observed in NF stage 55 tadpoles. Although abundance of NIS gene transcripts was greater in stomachs from NF stage 55 compared to NF stage 49 tadpoles this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that gastric iodide uptake increases between NF stages 49 and 55, possibly due to post-translational changes in NIS glycosylation or trafficking within gastric mucosal cells. These developmental changes in gastric NIS gene expression may affect iodide availability to the thyroid gland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced the preparation, structural, and friction characteristics of graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 )/poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) composites. The g-C 3 N 4 /PVDF composites with different g-C 3 N 4 contents were prepared via wet mixing and hot press molding technique. The structure, morphology, thermal properties, and friction characteristics were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and universal micro-tribotester under dry sliding conditions. The XRD and FT-IR studies confirmed the incorporation of g-C 3 N 4 into the PVDF matrix. The SEM results showed good dispersion of g-C 3 N 4 in PVDF matrix. The “onset” temperature T o of the composites increased with increasing the content of g-C 3 N 4 filler, which confirmed the enhancement of thermal stability of the composites. The friction characteristics results indicated that small amount of g-C 3 N 4 filler was not beneficial to reduce friction coefficient of the composite while large amount of filler had little effect on it. In addition, the g-C 3 N 4 filler was beneficial to reduce wear loss of the composite, and the wear loss decreased with increasing the content of g-C 3 N 4 filler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Codonopsis Radix, a popular food homology medicine, is widely used in clinical traditional Chinese medicine and food supplement, raw products and three types of processed products are the main forms of decoction pieces in China. However, there is no scientific basis for comprehensive chemical characterization of raw and three types of processed products. Herein, we investigated qualitatively and quantificationally secondary and primary metabolites in raw Codonopsis Radix and three types of processed products by metabolomics and glycomics employing multiple chromatography‐mass spectrometry technology combined with chemometric analysis further to look for differential compounds and propose the processing‐induced chemical mechanisms. The results indicated that Codonopsis Radix became dark‐colored and the smell of burnt incense odor was observed after processing. The principal component analysis demonstrated that secondary metabolome and glycome were significantly altered between raw and processed products, and 36 differential secondary metabolites and 11 differential primary metabolites were finally screened through orthogonal partial least‐squares‐discriminant analysis. The main types of compounds are alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, amino acids, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and furfural derivatives. Meanwhile, Chemical mechanisms could be involved, including oxidation, glycosidic hydrolysis, esterification, dehydration, and Maillard reaction. This work supplies a chemical basis for the application of various types of Codonopsis Radix decoction pieces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effects of active and passive calf muscle contraction on the hemodynamics of the lower extremity vein. Methods: 30 females were selected by convenient sampling. The hemodynamic indexes of the common femoral vein were measured by Duplex ultrasound during the active ankle pump exercise, active circular exercise, passive ankle pump exercise, passive circular exercise, and massage the calf muscles. Results: There was no significant difference in the velocity of common femoral vein when the subjects do active ankle pump exercise, active circular exercise, and massage the calf muscles (p >.05), but the velocity of common femoral vein was faster than that of passive ankle pump exercise and passive circular exercise (p <.01). Conclusion: The effects of active ankle exercise and massage on promoting venous blood return of lower extremity are better than that of passive ankle exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new tirucallane-type triterpenoid, codopitirol A (1), has been isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Nannf.) L. D. Shen, together with fourteen known compounds, including four triterpenoids (2–5), five steroids (6–10), one eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid (11), one phenylpropanoid (12), one coumarin (13), and two other compounds (14 and 15). The structure of the new compound (1) was determined by HR-ESI-MS and extensive spectroscopic analyses, particularly 1D and 2D NMR, and IR. In addition, compounds 1, 2, and 14 exhibited potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 28.3 ± 2.7, 5.5 ± 0.5, 27.4 ± 1.5 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Historically, antimicrobial resistance has been rare in US invasive meningococcal disease cases.Methods: Meningococcal isolates (n = 695) were collected through population-based surveillance, 2012-2016, and national surveillance, 2015-2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by broth microdilution. Resistance mechanisms were characterized using whole-genome sequencing.Results: All isolates were susceptible to 6 antibiotics (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, meropenem, rifampin, minocycline, and azithromycin). Approximately 25% were penicillin or ampicillin intermediate; among these, 79% contained mosaic penA gene mutations. Less than 1% of isolates were penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, or levofloxacin resistant.Conclusions: Penicillin- and ampicillin-intermediate isolates were common, but resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics remained rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tongshi intrusive complex from the southeastern margin of the North China Craton is composed of syenite and monzonite, and was emplaced at ca. 180 Ma. Apatite from the syenite and monzonite were analyzed to better understand the petrogenesis of the complex and its mineralization potential. The cathodoluminescence images of some apatites from the monzonite exhibit core–rim texture, whereas the apatites from the syenite display uniform inner texture. The core and rim domains of the apatites exhibit distinct Sr isotopes and major–trace element compositions, whereas only little variation is displayed by the oxygen isotopes. The core portions of the apatites were inferred to be inherited from the protolith of the monzonite during remelting process. The calculated δ 18 O values of the syenite range from 3.5‰ to 4.1‰ with an average of 3.8‰ (SE = 0.21), which is significantly lower than that of the monzonite sample (with a range of 6.4–6.9‰, and mean at 6.7‰). In conjunction with the heterogeneity of Nd isotopic compositions (with normalized 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ratios varying from 0.51151 to 0.51236, and ε Nd ( t = 180 Ma) values from −20.3 to −4.8) of the apatites from the syenite, it is proposed that the syenite melts may have been contaminated by crustal components which were earlier hydrothermally altered at high temperature. Based on element diffusion theory, we calculate the temperature of this crustal contamination to be higher than 637 °C, the closure temperature of Sm–Nd isotopic diffusion in apatite, and estimate that the duration of this process is probably shorter than 0.13 Ma. The oxygen fugacity of the syenite and monzonite calculated by apatite Mn content indicate that high oxidization state of the syenite magma can enhance the metallic mineralization potential. In contrast, the lower oxygen fugacity of the monzonite melt was unfavorable for metal enrichment, thus leading to insignificant mineralization. Our study recommends more focus for gold exploration in the rocks with syenitic affinities in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]