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Background: Among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), decreased hemoglobin is associated with lower oxygen saturation (SpO2) and increased risk of stroke, both of which are associated with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Thus, increasing hemoglobin and SpO2 in individuals with SCD may increase IQ and educational attainment. Methods: A cohort simulation model was built to determine academic performance and educational attainment based on cognitive function (measured by IQ) of a pediatric SCD cohort randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The model contained two key stages: childhood (<10 years) and adolescence (≥10 years). In stage 1, increased hemoglobin and increased SpO2 (assigned to the treatment group) were determinants of higher IQ, prevention of IQ deterioration over time. Increased hemoglobin was also a determinant of decreased stroke risk. In stage 2, improvement in adolescent IQ as a result of treatment was a determinant of academic performance. Results: In a simulated cohort of 2000 children and adolescents with SCD (52.5% female, 50% treated), stroke incidence was predicted to be 44.4% lower among the treated group than the untreated group (4.5% versus 8.1%, respectively). The average IQ among the treated group was estimated to be 91.1 compared with 82.9 in the untreated group (a 9.9% difference; P<0.001). Finally, high school (≥12 years of education) completion rates were estimated to be 64.7% higher among the treated group: 76.1% of the treated group was projected to complete high school compared with 46.2% of the untreated group. Conclusions: Our model predicts that an average improvement in hemoglobin of 1.1 g/dL (11 g/L) among individuals with SCD may be associated with improved neurocognition and educational outcomes. These improvements may also generate benefits not captured by our model, including improved quality of life, employment, and income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestational age) is associated with certain risks to child development. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize available and updated empirical evidence on prematurity as a risk factor for cognitive development in school age. Thus, we attempted to identify similarities and dierences with the full-term population and to point out possible risk or protective factors among the biological, psychosocial and family variables. The conceptualization and methodology of this review followed the PRISMA recommendations. The search was carried out in Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Dialnet databases, in May 2022. The search was limited to journal articles, published between 2012 and 2022, in English and Spanish. Research articles selected were those focused on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of preterm children aged 6–12 years. The review included studies with cross-sectional or longitudinal cohorts, compared to a control group of children born at term or to standardized scales. The quality of evidence of the selected studies was verified with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The initial search identified 1,040 articles. Forty articles met the inclusion criteria and were finally included in this review. These studies involved 5,396 preterm children from 37 dierent cohorts. Despite the diversity found among the results, in general, total IQ scores were within the normative mean for premature children; however, compared to their full-term peers, these scores were lower. The most studied variables in relation to IQ are perinatal (e.g., gestational age and birth weight) and family (e.g., socioeconomic level and education level of the mother). Recent studies corroborate that premature birth aects cognitive development in school age, and identify associated perinatal and family variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time and accurate bucket pose estimation plays a vital role in improving the intelligence level of mining excavators, as the bucket is a crucial component of the excavator. Existing methods for bucket pose estimation are realized by installing multiple non-visual sensors. However, these sensors suffer from cumulative errors caused by loose connections and short service lives caused by strong vibrations. In this paper, we propose a method for bucket pose estimation based on deep neural network and registration to solve the large registration error problem caused by occlusion. Specifically, we optimize the Point Transformer network for bucket point cloud semantic segmentation, significantly improving the segmentation accuracy. We employ point cloud preprocessing and continuous frame registration to reduce the registration distance and accelerate the Fast Iterative Closest Point algorithm, enabling real-time pose estimation. By achieving precise semantic segmentation and faster registration, we effectively address the problem of intermittent pose estimation caused by occlusion. We collected our own dataset for training and testing, and the experimental results are compared with other relevant studies, validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to Ca2+ signals, the evolutionarily‐conserved Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) regulates protein targets via direct interaction. Plants possess many CaM‐like (CML) proteins, but their binding partners and functions are mostly unknown. Here, using Arabidopsis CML13 as 'bait' in a yeast two‐hybrid screen, we isolated putative targets from three, unrelated protein families, namely, IQD proteins, calmodulin‐binding transcriptional activators (CAMTAs) and myosins, all of which possess tandem isoleucine‐glutamine (IQ) structural domains. Using the split‐luciferase complementation assay in planta and the yeast 2‐hybrid system, CML13 and CML14 showed a preference for interaction with tandem over single IQ domains. Relative to CaM, CML13 and CML14 displayed weaker signals when tested with the non‐IQ, CaM‐binding domain of glutamate decarboxylase or the single IQ domains of CNGC20 (cyclic‐nucleotide gated channel‐20) or IQM1 (IQ motif protein1). We examined IQD14 as a representative tandem IQ‐protein and found that only CaM, CML13 and CML14 interacted with IQD14 among 12 CaM/CMLs tested. CaM, CML13 and CML14 bound in vitro to IQD14 in the presence or absence of Ca2+. Binding affinities were in the nM range and were higher when two tandem IQ domains from IQD14 were present. Green fluorescent protein‐tagged versions of CaM, CML13 and CML14 localized to both the cytosol and nucleus in plant cells but were partially relocalized to the microtubules when co‐expressed with IQD14 tagged with mCherry. These and other data are discussed in the context of possible roles for these CMLs in gene regulation via CAMTAs and cytoskeletal activity via myosins and IQD proteins. Summary Statement: Plants possess many calmodulin‐like proteins (CMLs), but very few downstream targets of CMLs have been identified. We show that Arabidopsis CML13 and CML14 interact with proteins with multiple IQ‐domain proteins, including CAMTAs, myosins and IQDs, suggesting broad cellular roles for these CMLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive development in children and adolescents with focal lesional epilepsy is determined by the underlying epileptogenic lesion, in addition to epilepsy itself. However, the impact of lesion-related variables on intelligence quotient (IQ) and developmental quotient (DQ) remains largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of lesion-related predictors and their relation with epilepsy-related predictors of intellectual functioning. We retrospectively analyzed data from children with focal lesional epilepsy who underwent standardized cognitive evaluation yielding IQ/DQ in our institution. We included 50 consecutive patients aged 0.5 to 17.5 years (mean, 9.3; S.D., 4.9) at cognitive assessment. Epilepsy duration was 0 to 15.5 years (mean, 3.8; S.D., 4.1). Of the total cohort, 30 (60%) patients had unilobar lesions, seven (14%) multilobar, 10 (20%) hemispheric, and three (6%) bilateral. Etiology was congenital in 32 (64%) cases, acquired in 14 (28%), and progressive in four (8%). For patients with unilobar lesions, the mean IQ/DQ was 97.1 ± 15.7, for multilobar 98.9 ± 20.2, for hemispheric 76.1 ± 20.5, and for bilateral 76.3 ± 4.5. Larger lesion extent, earlier epilepsy onset, and longer epilepsy duration correlated with lower IQ/DQ in the univariate analysis, whereas only lesion extent and epilepsy duration contributed significantly to the explanatory model in the multivariable analysis. The present study demonstrates that lesion extent and epilepsy duration are important risk factors for intellectual impairment in pediatric patients with focal lesional epilepsy. These findings are useful for family counseling and the early consideration of interventions that may limit the duration of epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disease progression modeling (DPM) represents an important model‐informed drug development framework. The scientific communities support the use of DPM to accelerate and increase efficiency in drug development. This article summarizes International Consortium for Innovation & Quality (IQ) in Pharmaceutical Development mediated survey conducted across multiple biopharmaceutical companies on challenges and opportunities for DPM. Additionally, this summary highlights the viewpoints of IQ from the 2021 workshop hosted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sixteen pharmaceutical companies participated in the IQ survey with 36 main questions. The types of questions included single/multiple choice, dichotomous, rank questions, and open‐ended or free text. The key results show that DPM has different representation, it encompasses natural disease history, placebo response, standard of care as background therapy, and can even be interpreted as pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling. The most common reasons for not implementing DPM as frequently seem to be difficulties in internal cross‐functional alignment, lack of knowledge of disease/data, and time constraints. If successfully implemented, DPM can have an impact on dose selection, reduction of sample size, trial read‐out support, patient selection/stratification, and supportive evidence for regulatory interactions. The key success factors and key challenges of disease progression models were highlighted in the survey and about 24 case studies across different therapeutic areas were submitted from various survey sponsors. Although DPM is still evolving, its current impact is limited but promising. The success of such models in the future will depend on collaboration, advanced analytics, availability of and access to relevant and adequate‐quality data, collaborative regulatory guidance, and published examples of impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prior to selecting an NBA player, teams consider multiple factors, including game film and tests of agility, strength, speed, anthropometry, and personality. In recent years, as the other major professional sports have begun to place greater emphasis on the measurement of cognitive abilities, so too have representatives in the NBA. In this study, the predictive validity of an empirically-supported measure of cognitive ability (AIQ) was examined vis-à-vis performance outcomes in the NBA. Specifically, AIQ scores were obtained from 356 NBA prospects prior to their draft between 2014 and 2019. The players' professional status and subsequent performance were assessed through composite and isolated NBA statistics. ANOVAs demonstrated that there were significant differences between NBA and non-NBA players, and subsequent independent samples t-tests revealed that NBA players had significantly higher AIQ scores than non-NBA players for 3 out of 4 factors and the Full Scale AIQ Score. Additionally, using hierarchical multiple regression analyses, it was demonstrated that the AIQ predicted some modest statistically significant relationships with multiple NBA stats (e.g., Player Efficiency Rating, Effective Field Goal Percentage), after controlling for the impact of draft placement. While the effect sizes for these differences and relationships were somewhat small, such findings are consistent with sport analytics and the restricted range when evaluating professional athletes. Given the expanding role of analytics and cognitive assessment in the NBA, the potential importance of the AIQ is considered in the draft process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies suggest that acquired brain injury with impaired consciousness in infancy is related to more severe and persistent effects and may have a cumulative effect on ongoing development. In this work, we aim to describe vocational outcome in a group of patients at 15 years from a severe brain lesion they suffered in developmental age. Methods: This study included a total of 147 patients aged 1.5 to 14 years with acquired brain lesion. Clinical and functional details ("Glasgow Outcome Scale", "Functional Independent Measure" and Intelligence Quotient) were collected at the time of their first hospitalization and vocational outcome was determined after 15 years. Results: 94 patients (63.9%) presented with traumatic brain injury, while 53 patients (36.1%) presented with a brain lesion of other origin. Traumatic patients had a higher probability of being partly or fully productive than non-traumatic ones: 75.5% of traumatic subjects were working—taking into account limitations due to the traumatic event—versus 62.3% of non-traumatic ones. A relationship between some clinical variables and the vocational outcome was found. Conclusions: Rehabilitation should adequately emphasize "vocational rehabilitation" because a significant proportion of people experiencing a disorder of consciousness in childhood may show good social integration in adult age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy may exhibit cognitive impairment. • Cognitive impairment in boys with DMD rises with increasing brain dystrophin loss. • Boys with DMD may show improved cognition after glucocorticoids treatment. Our study aimed to explore the intellectual function of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in China and examine the correlation of full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) with age, mutation locations, mutation class, and dystrophin isoforms. We assessed 64 boys with DMD using The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-Fourth Edition and compared intellectual function at enrollment and follow-up in the 15 patients who completed the follow-up. Our findings confirm that boys with DMD may exhibit cognitive impairment, with the Working Memory Index being the most impaired. There was no significant correlation between FSIQ and age; however, a positive correlation was noted between age and the Verbal Comprehension Index. FSIQ was not associated with mutation class, the number of affected mutated exons, or mutation locations. However, there was a significant difference in FSIQ between the groups with intact and deficient Dp140. Fifteen participants adhered to glucocorticoid therapy throughout the two-year follow-up period, and eleven of them showed an improvement in FSIQ compared to their initial scores, with improvement ranging from 2 to 20. In conclusion, patients with the cumulative loss of isoforms in the brain are at a higher risk of cognitive deficits and may require early cognitive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients frequently verbalize memory complaints that require evaluation. A brief objective screening test of short-term aka episodic memory would be useful. Assessment of verbal episodic memory is a central factor in neurocognitive status, frequently evaluated with list learning and memory tests. Currently, normed list learning tests of verbal episodic memory are mostly high demand, long, and composed of unrelated items and thus can be onerous and disinteresting for certain populations, such as those who are cognitively limited, elderly, or poorly motivated. Presented here are initial performance data for a brief, low demand, readily accepted nine-item grocery list test, derived from the Dementia Assessment Battery, including three learning trials and one delayed recall trial. With this data set, the test can thus be useful in a wide range of assessment circumstances including screening, brief evaluations, mental status evaluations, and bedside deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In forensic contexts, children who are victims or witnesses of crimes are repeatedly questioned using stressful leading questions and social pressure. The main aims of the present study are to verify the effects of repeated suggestive interviews on children's level of suggestibility and resistant responses and to study how age and intelligence quotient may reduce the vulnerability of children. The study involved 110 children aged 10–15 years who were administered the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 2, and 6 months later, the parallel form GSS1. Older children showed a significant reduction in levels of yielding leading questions in the second administration, while the levels of a shift in answers related to negative criticism remained unchanged. In older children, the age and intelligence quotients may reduce the effect of leading questions and improve resistant responses. The results showed that younger children maintain a stable suggestive vulnerability and constant use of the same strategies to cope with cognitive and social risk factors of interrogative suggestibility, while older children could reduce their levels of yield and use more resistant responses that defer to greater source monitoring and less adherence to external expectations. Children, when exposed to repeated suggestive interviews, may learn to cope with more cognitive aspects of misleading questions while being less able to handle social–emotional pressures. In forensic practice, these results may indicate how children, depending on their age, manage the factors of suggestibility during a testimony hearing and which resistance capacities they can actually use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The academic research on the spatial distribution of pension institutions is mostly from the perspective of constructing or improving spatial analysis methods. It is not considered that with the development of social science and technology, the facilities and services of elderly care institutions will develop in the direction of intelligence. Exploring the intelligence level and spatial distribution of Shanghai's elderly care institutions has important practical significance for improving and optimizing the service facilities and resource allocation of Shanghai's pension institutions. The spatial scale and cluster distribution of pension institutions in Shanghai are described by means of standard deviation ellipse, kernel density analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and spatial hotspot analysis. The Gini coefficient of intelligent bed is proposed to describe the comprehensive allocation of resources of pension institutions. Additionally, correlation analysis is used to explore the spatial fairness distribution of pension institutions in Shanghai. The results show that the development of pension institutions in various districts of Shanghai is uneven; the distribution of pension institutions is concentrated in the central urban area; the intelligent facilities, service resources, and the number of beds of pension institutions in the suburbs are better than those in the central urban area. Based on the analysis results, policy suggestions are put forward, such as optimizing the allocation of bed resources in pension institutions and focusing on building a more equitable and rationally structured smart pension institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Emergence from anesthesia starts from the limbic structures and then spreads outwards to brainstem, reticular activating systems, and then to the cortex. Epilepsy surgery often involves resection of limbic structures and hence may disrupt the pattern of emergence. The aim of this study was to explore the pattern of emergence from anesthesia following epilepsy surgery and to determine associated variables affecting the emergence pattern. Setting and Design Tertiary care center, prospective observational study. Materialsand Methods We conducted a prospective observation pilot study on adult patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy for epilepsy. Anesthesia management was standardized in all patients, and they were allowed to wake up with "no touch" technique. Primary outcome of the study was the pattern of emergence (normal emergence, agitated emergence, or slow emergence) from anesthesia. Secondary outcomes were to explore the differences in preoperative neuropsychological profile and limbic structure volumes between the different patterns of emergence. Quantitative variables were analyzed using Student's t -test. Qualitative variables were analyzed using chi-square test. Results Twenty-nine patients completed the study: 9 patients (31%) had agitated emergence, and 20 patients had normal emergence. Among the agitated emergence, 2 patients had Riker scale of 7 indicating violent emergence. Patient demographics, anesthetic used, neuropsychological profile, and limbic structure volumes were similar between normal emergence and agitated emergence groups. However, two patients who had severe agitation (Riker scale of 7) had the lowest intelligence quotient. Conclusion Our pilot study showed that emergence agitation is not uncommon in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. However, due to smaller sample size, the role of preoperative neuropsychologic profile and hippocampal volumes in predicting the pattern of emergence is inconclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carriers of the FMR1 premutation (PM) allele are at risk of one or more clinical conditions referred to as FX premutation-associated conditions (FXPAC). Since the FMR1 gene is on the X chromosome, the activation ratio (AR) may impact the risk, age of onset, progression, and severity of these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of AR measured using different approaches and to investigate potential correlations with clinical outcomes. Molecular and clinical assessments were obtained for 30 PM female participants, and AR was assessed using both Southern blot analysis (AR-Sb) and methylation PCR (AR-mPCR). Higher ARs were associated with lower FMR1 transcript levels for any given repeat length. The higher AR-Sb was significantly associated with performance, verbal, and full-scale IQ scores, confirming previous reports. However, the AR-mPCR was not significantly associated (p > 0.05) with these measures. Similarly, the odds of depression and the number of medical conditions were correlated with higher AR-Sb but not correlated with a higher AR-mPCR. This study suggests that AR-Sb may be a more reliable measure of the AR in female carriers of PM alleles. However, further studies are warranted in a larger sample size to fully evaluate the methylation status in these participants and how it may affect the clinical phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a longitudinal person-oriented approach to examine whether two distinct developmental pathways of maladaptive motivation could be distinguished among high-ability students (intelligence quotient [IQ] ≥ 120, N = 403, M age = 12.2 years, 60.5% males), as proposed by the Pathways to Underachievement Model. Latent class growth analysis provided evidence for a three-class solution, including an adaptive class and two maladaptive classes, largely corresponding with the predictions of the Pathways to Underachievement Model. Furthermore, the classes related to the outcome variables in the expected ways, with the maladaptive classes showing higher disengagement and underachievement. These findings substantiate the Pathways to Underachievement Model and provide developmental insight into the multiple motivational pathways underlying disengagement and underachievement among high-ability students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the predictive role of child cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioural dimensions assessed at the age of 4½, as well as of the traditional variables related to academic school readiness before the entry to primary school, on mathematics achievement at the end of Year 1. A sample of 58 Portuguese children and their parents participated in this longitudinal study. Initial correlations indicated significant associations between child intelligence quotient (IQ), inhibitory control, set-shifting, dysregulation profile, academic school readiness, and their subsequent performance in mathematics. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that inhibitory control at 4½ years significantly predicted mathematics achievement at the end of Year 1 over and above the effect of academic school readiness before entering primary school. These results add to the existing literature by highlighting the impact of child executive functioning assessed during the preschool years on subsequent mathematics performance in early school years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the emotional intelligence as influencer between academic and achievement motivation in college students. The mediating role of emotional intelligence between academic and achievement motivation was studied. The sample was consisted of 300 college students from different colleges of Multan city. Emotional Intelligence Scale, Achievement motivation scale, and Academic Motivation Scale were used to collect the data. The findings revealed that the emotional intelligence, academic and achievement motivation are positively correlated with each other and emotional intelligence play mediating role between academic and achievement motivation. It is also revealed in findings that the science students and the students belong to nuclear family system have higher level of emotional intelligence, academic and achievement motivation. The results of the study reflected that the emotional intelligence is a significant part of academic and achievement motivation and it plays role in enhancing the academic and achievement motivation of the students. Longitudinal study should be conducted to study the learning of emotional intelligence and its effects on students’ academic and achievement motivation. There should be need to conduct a research to study the effects of IQ and EQ on academic and achievement motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Miradas is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, intelligent machines are increasingly equipped with human-like abilities such as autonomous decision-making, reasoning, active interaction, and situation awareness. Intelligent machines can act as peers to humans and collaborate with humans to complete decision tasks. The ability to collaborate with humans has become an indicator of the intelligence level of a machine, and determines the scope and depth of its applications. Human-machine collaborative decision-making has attracted attentions from multi-disciplines in recent years, and the diverse origins of its developments make the mechanism of collaborative decision-making ambiguous. A thorough combing of the evolution of human-machine collaboration based on cognitive intelligence is of great importance for understanding the nature of human-machine collaboration at the decision layer and guiding future studies. This article makes a retrospect on the evolution of human-machine collaborative decision-making based on cognition intelligence. It summarizes current research in three categories: the human-machine collaborative system implementation, the human-machine intelligence integrative mechanism and the human-machine interaction in collaborative decision-making process. It reveals the roadmap of the evolution of intelligent machines toward human-machine integration intelligence. Based on the roadmap, prospects for future research of human-machine collaborative decision-making are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of robots, especially robotic arms, has been primarily focused on the industrial sector due to their relatively low level of intelligence. However, the rapid development of deep learning has provided a powerful tool for conducting research on highly intelligent robots, thereby offering tremendous potential for the application of robotic arms in daily life scenarios. This paper investigates multi-object grasping in real-life scenarios. We first analyzed and improved the structural advantages and disadvantages of convolutional neural networks and residual networks from a theoretical perspective. We then constructed a hybrid grasping strategy prediction model, combining both networks for predicting multi-object grasping strategies. Finally, we deployed the trained model in the robot control system to validate its performance. The results demonstrate that both the model prediction accuracy and the success rate of robot grasping achieved by this study are leading in terms of performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Automotive Digest is the property of Automotive Digest Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The prognostic ability of global white matter and gray matter metabolite ratios following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their relationship to 12-month neuropsychological assessments of intelligence quotient (IQ), attention, and memory is presented. Three-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in pediatric subjects with complicated mild (cMild), moderate, and severe TBI was acquired acutely (6–18 days) and 12 months post-injury and compared to age-matched typically developing adolescents. A global linear regression model, co-registering MRSI metabolite maps with 3D high-resolution magnetic resonance images, was used to identify longitudinal white matter and gray matter metabolite ratio changes. Acutely, gray matter NAA/Cr, white matter NAA/Cr, and white matter NAA/Cho ratios were significantly lower in TBI groups compared to controls. Gray matter NAA/Cho was reduced only in the severe TBI group. At 12 months, all metabolite ratios normalized to control levels in each of the TBI groups. Acute gray matter and white matter NAA ratios were significantly correlated to 12-month assessments of IQ, attention, and memory. These findings suggest that whole brain gray matter and white matter metabolite ratios reflect longitudinal changes in neuronal metabolism following TBI, which can be used to predict neuropsychological outcomes in pediatric subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by technologies and demands, the modern transportation system has developed from intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to autonomous transportation systems (ATS) to resolve intertwined demands and supplies with few human interventions. In ATS, personal mobility service (PMS) is the service that can sense real-time traffic conditions comprehensively, learn travelers' preferences accurately, recommend multimodal travel options appropriately, and provide service responses timely to elevate the level of personalization and intelligence in smart mobility services. Since current PMS widely employs centralized approaches (CPMS) to process massive sensitive data from individuals and support diverse edge devices, resulting in high pressure in privacy protection and performance balancing, this paper presents a federated PMS (FPMS) and its design architecture in logical and physical views by adopting federated learning to provide multimodal, dynamic, and personalized travel options with system-saving safety and efficiency guaranteed. Moreover, through an extensive evaluation, the performances of CPMS and FPMS are compared to reveal the merits of FPMS in reducing costs and latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To analyze the clinical phenotype of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by SPG11 mutations (SPG11-HSP). Methods: Among the 17 patients with sporadic HSP who performed whole exome sequencing analysis, six were diagnosed with SPG11-HSP. The clinical and radiologic findings and the results of the electrodiagnostic and neuropsychologic tests were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The median age at onset was 16.5 years (range, 13-38 years). Progressive spastic paraparesis was a core feature, and the median spastic paraplegia rating scale score was 24/52 (range, 16-31 points). Additional major symptoms were pseudobulbar dysarthria, intellectual disability, bladder dysfunction, and being overweight. Minor symptoms included upper limbs rigidity and sensory axonopathy. The median body mass index was 26.2 kg/m² (range, 25.2-32.3 kg/m2). The thin corpus callosum (TCC) was predominant at the rostral body or anterior midbody, and the ears of the lynx sign was seen in all. The follow-up MRI showed the worsening of periventricular white matter (PVWM) signal abnormalities with ventricular widening or the extension of the TCC. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) to the lower limbs showed an absent central motor conduction time (CMCT) in all subjects. The upper limb CMCT was initially absent in three subjects, although it became abnormal in all at the follow-up. The mini-mental state examination median score was 27/30 (range, 26-28) with selective impairment of the attention/calculation domain. The median score of the full-scale intelligence quotient was 48 (range, 42-72) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale test. Conclusion: Attention/calculation deficits and being overweight as well as pseudobulbar dysarthria were common additional symptoms in patients with SPG11-HSP. The rostral body and anterior midbody of the corpus callosum were preferentially thinned, especially in the early stage of the disease. The TCC, PVWM signal changes, and MEP abnormality worsened as the disease progressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal self‐sustainable autonomous locomotions integrated into one individual system, are high‐level intelligent behavioral characteristics of living organisms and are the scientific hotspot of bionic soft actuators. Here, we report a light‐fueled soft actuator with multimodal self‐sustainable movements based on a Seifert ribbon bounded by a Hopf link. The Seifert ribbon actuator can self‐sense the illumination area adjustment, and the actuation component becomes either a discontinuous strip‐like structure or a continuous toroidal structure, which can realize adaptive switches between self‐sustained oscillatory and rotary motions. The two motion modes are applied to the self‐oscillatory piezoelectric generation and self‐rotational work multiplication of cargo transport, respectively. The unique smartness of Seifert surface topology advances the level of actuation intelligence with broad implications for the adaptability, multifunctionality, and autonomy of soft robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study evaluated, as a snapshot, the variability in quantification and image quality (IQ) of the clinically utilized PET [18F]FDG whole-body protocols in Finland using a NEMA/IEC IQ phantom permanently filled with 68Ge. Methods: The phantom was imaged on 14 PET-CT scanners, including a variety of models from two major vendors. The variability of the recovery coefficients (RCmax, RCmean and RCpeak) of the hot spheres as well as percent background variability (PBV), coefficient of variation of the background (COVBG) and accuracy of corrections (AOC) were studied using images from clinical and standardized protocols with 20 repeated measurements. The ranges of the RCs were also compared to the limits of the EARL 18F standards 2 accreditation (EARL2). The impact of image noise on these parameters was studied using averaged images (AVIs). Results: The largest variability in RC values of the routine protocols was found for the RCmax with a range of 68% and with 10% intra-scanner variability, decreasing to 36% when excluding protocols with suspected cross-calibration failure or without point-spread-function (PSF) correction. The RC ranges of individual hot spheres in routine or standardized protocols or AVIs fulfilled the EARL2 ranges with two minor exceptions, but fulfilling the exact EARL2 limits for all hot spheres was variable. RCpeak was less dependent on averaging and reconstruction parameters than RCmax and RCmean. The PBV, COVBG and AOC varied between 2.3–11.8%, 9.6–17.8% and 4.8–32.0%, respectively, for the routine protocols. The RC ranges, PBV and COVBG were decreased when using AVIs. With AOC, when excluding routine protocols without PSF correction, the maximum value dropped to 15.5%. Conclusion: The maximum variability of the RC values for the [18F]FDG whole-body protocols was about 60%. The RC ranges of properly cross-calibrated scanners with PSF correction fitted to the EARL2 RC ranges for individual sphere sizes, but fulfilling the exact RC limits would have needed further optimization. RCpeak was the most robust RC measure. Besides COVBG, also RCs and PVB were sensitive to image noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The etio-pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be explained using a biopsychosocial model. Little is known about obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in the context of chromosomal disorders involving the X chromosome. Case studies of two patients with chromosomal disorders involving the X chromosome (Patient 1 with a variant of Turner syndrome and Patient 2 with triple X syndrome). Both patients were treated due to severe OCS. In the research MRI analysis, the most pronounced MRI change in both patients was a gray matter volume loss in the orbitofrontal cortex. Patient 1 additionally showed left mesiotemporal changes. Patient 2 presented with global gray matter volume reduction, slowing in EEG, and a reduced intelligence quotient. OCS could occur in the context of Turner syndrome or triple X syndrome. The detected MRI changes would be compatible with dysfunction of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops involved in OCD pathophysiology. Further studies with larger patient groups should investigate whether this association can be validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 3836 adults completed a personality test (the HPTI) and a multidimensional intelligence test (GIA). Two prominent theories that link personality traits to intelligence (compensation and investment) were tested. There were more sex differences in the personality traits than in the IQ scores. Correlational and regression analyses results provided little evidence for either theory but pointed to the role of tolerance of ambiguity as a consistently significant, positive correlate of IQ at both the facet and domain levels. The role of this neglected trait is discussed. Limitations of various aspects of this study and its implications are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the possibility of increasing psychometric IQ and discusses the SMART method, which focuses on developing relational abilities, reviewing the history of IQ testing and highlights the importance of perceiving and understanding relationships in intelligence.

Cognitive intelligence is rarely discussed in the context of digital inequality for practical and normative reasons: substantial difficulties around measurements and the fact that it cannot (easily) be changed. In the current contribution, cognitive intelligence is studied in relation to resources and appropriation theory which explains digital inequality as a process of four successive phases of Internet access: motivational, material, skills, and usage. For the measurement of cognitive intelligence, we build on considerable efforts devoted to developing alternatives to cumbersome intelligence quotient (IQ) tests of intelligence. We conducted a two-wave online survey in the Netherlands, resulting in a sample of 1733 respondents. The importance of IQ was confirmed with direct positive effects on education, economic, social, and cultural resources, and on Internet attitude and skills. The results reveal several details that can enhance our understanding of the specific mechanisms through which IQ and education operate in digital inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare, genetic disorders caused by absent/reduced melanin biosynthesis. The aim of this study was to explore the neurovisual, cognitive, adaptive, and behavioral profile of children affected by OCA, also evaluating any possible effect of the visual acuity deficit on the clinical profile and genotype–phenotype correlations. Eighteen children (9 males, mean age 84 months ± 41; range 18–181 months) with a molecular confirmed diagnosis of OCA were enrolled in the study. We collected data on clinical history, neurodevelopmental profile, neurological and neurovisual examination, and cognitive, adaptive, and emotional/behavioral functioning. A global neurodevelopmental impairment was detected in 56% of the children, without evolving into an intellectual disability. All the patients showed signs and symptoms of visual impairment. Low adaptive functioning was observed in 3 cases (17%). A risk for internalizing behavioral problems was documented in 6 cases (33%), for externalizing problems in 2 (11%), and for both in 5 (28%). Twelve children (67%) showed one or more autistic-like features. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between the visual acuity level and performance intelligence quotient (p = 0.001), processing speed index (p = 0.021), Vineland total score (p = 0.020), Vineland communication (p = 0.020), and socialization (p = 0.037) domains. No significant correlations were found between genotype and phenotype. Conclusion: Children with OCA may present a global neurodevelopmental delay that seems to improve with age and emotional/behavioral difficulties, along with the well-known visual impairment. An early neuropsychiatric evaluation and habilitative training are recommended to improve vision-related performance, neurodevelopment, and any psychological difficulties. What is Known: • Children with oculocutaneous albinism show dermatological and ophthalmological problems. • An early visual impairment may have negative implications on motor, emotional, and cognitive processes that would allow the child to organize his or her experiences. What is New: • In addition to a variable combination of ocular signs and symptoms, children with oculocutaneous albinism may present an early neurodevelopmental delay and emotional/behavioral difficulties. • An early visual treatment is recommended to improve vision-related performance, neurodevelopment, and any psychological difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theodore John Kaczynski, better known as the Unabomber, died by suicide in June 2023. One of the most best known criminals of the late twentieth century, and a former Harvard mathematics prodigy with an IQ of 167, Kaczynski is remembered for the 1995 publication of his 35,000-word anti-technology essay, Industrial Society and Its Future. This work called for the rejection of technological civilization and the embracing of wild nature. Its publication led to Kaczynski's identification, apprehension, and a convoluted set of legal proceedings that culminated in a coerced plea arrangement and his incarceration in the US federal supermax prison. Kaczynski was not permitted to introduce a defense of necessity. Instead, he was labeled as 'mad' by the press and his family, and identified as a paranoid schizophrenic by a court-appointed psychiatrist. But several commentators have argued that Kaczynski's reasoning is sound. Indeed, many of Kaczynski's observations about technology and the environment have proven to be prescient. Accordingly, a new generation of followers have adopted his anti-technology philosophy. If Kaczynski was correct about technology and the environment, this might warrant a reevaluation of his socio-theoretical writings and reconsideration of his constructed persona as a mad genius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), is the manifestation of multiple sclerosis in individuals before 18 years of age. About a third of children with POMS show some form of lower cognitive performance. The purpose of this study is to examine using quantitative meta-analyses the effect size of altered performance between children with and without POMS on overall intelligence quotient (IQ), information processing speed, and language functions. We searched the literature for studies that reported scores on cognitive tests administered to children with and without POMS. Studies were systematically reviewed using PRISMA guidelines. We analyzed data from 14 studies that examined 1283 children with and without POMS when cognitive categories consisted of five or more studies. Effect sizes, publication bias and potential confounds were considered. Significant cognitive differences are revealed for all categories with the strongest effect observed for overall IQ. A moderate effect is observed for information processing speed, and small effects for verbal fluency and verbal memory. Cognitive abilities present differently in children with POMS and a better understanding of this manifestation will inform intervention and remediation tools that can improve clinical and educational practice for the benefit of children with POMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are associated with intelligence quotients (IQs) lower than the normative values, and it is suggested that IQ is negatively correlated with the number of affected isoforms (i.e., Dp427, Dp140 and Dp71). Therefore, the objective of this meta‐analysis was to estimate the IQ, and the IQ–genotype association according to the altered dystrophin isoforms, in the population with BMD or DMD. Methods: A systematic search in Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to March 2023. Observational studies that determined the IQ and/or the IQ by genotype in the population with BMD or DMD were included. Meta‐analyses of IQ, IQ by genotype and IQ–genotype association by comparing IQ according to the genotype were conducted. The results are shown as the mean/mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Fifty‐one studies were included. The IQ in BMD was 89.92 (85.84, 94.01) and in DMD was 84.61 (82.97, 86.26). Moreover, the IQ for Dp427−/Dp140+/Dp71+ and Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71+ was 90.62 (86.72, 94.53) and 80.73 (67.49, 93.98) in BMD, while the IQ for Dp427−/Dp140+/Dp71+, Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71+ and Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71− was 93.05 (89.42, 96.67), 81.78 (77.23, 86.32) and 49.19 (40.47, 57.90) in DMD. Finally, in DMD, Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71+ vs Dp427−/Dp140+/Dp71+ and Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71− vs Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71+ were associated with −10.73 (−14.66, −6.81) and −36.14 (−48.87, −23.41) points, respectively. Conclusions: The IQ in BMD and DMD was lower than the normative values. Moreover, in DMD, there is a synergistic association between the number of affected isoforms and IQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the chemical process, abnormal situations are precursor events of incidents and accidents. Abnormal situation management (ASM) can effectively identify abnormalities and prevent them from evolving into incidents or accidents, ensuring the safe and smooth operation of chemical plants. In recent years, ASM has attracted extensive attention from the process industry and from academia, and a lot of research work has been conducted. However, the intelligence level of ASM in actual chemical plants is still relatively low, and industrial applications still face many difficulties and challenges. This review first summarizes the concepts and involved in the contents of ASM. Then, the latest research progress in various aspects of ASM is systematically reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of ASM are analyzed based on the perspective of industrial application. This review aims to provide the most cutting-edge reference for follow-up research on ASM, and to promote the intelligent development and practical industrial application of ASM in the chemical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm denotes billions of physical entities connected to Internet that allow the collecting and sharing of big amounts of data. Everything may become a component of the IoT thanks to advancements in hardware, software, and wireless network availability. Devices get an advanced level of digital intelligence that enables them to transmit real-time data without applying for human support. However, IoT also comes with its own set of unique challenges. Heavy network traffic is generated in the IoT environment for transmitting data. Reducing network traffic by determining the shortest route from the source to the aim decreases overall system response time and energy consumption costs. This translates into the need to define efficient routing algorithms. Many IoT devices are powered by batteries with limited lifetime, so in order to ensure remote, continuous, distributed, and decentralized control and self-organization of these devices, power-aware techniques are highly desirable. Another requirement is to manage huge amounts of dynamically changing data. This paper reviews a set of swarm intelligence (SI) algorithms applied to the main challenges introduced by the IoT. SI algorithms try to determine the best path for insects by modeling the hunting behavior of the agent community. These algorithms are suitable for IoT needs because of their flexibility, resilience, dissemination degree, and extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]