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683 results on '"Jaboyedoff, Michel"'

251. Detection of seasonal cycles of erosion processes in a black marl gully from a time series of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs)

Author

Bechet, Jacques, primary, Duc, Julien, additional, Loye, Alexandre, additional, Jaboyedoff, Michel, additional, Mathys, Nicolle, additional, Malet, Jean-Philippe, additional, Klotz, Sébastien, additional, Le Bouteiller, Caroline, additional, Rudaz, Benjamin, additional, and Travelletti, Julien, additional

Published
2016
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259. Methods for Debris Flow Hazard and Risk Assessment

Author

van Asch, Theo, Luna, Byron Quan, Blahut, Jan, Kappes, Melanie, Malet, Jean-Philippe, Remaitre, Alexandre, Jaboyedoff, Michel, and AKBAŞ, SAMİ OĞUZHAN

Abstract

Debris flow events yield a threat to different components of mountainous environments not only as the result of the process evolution but of the interaction with human systems and their coupled vulnerabilities. A variety of models exists for characterising the hazard that the different mass-flow phenomena present. In the case of dynamic run-out models, they are able to forecast the propagation of material after the initial failure and to delineate the zone where the elements at risk will suffer an impact with a certain level of intensity. The results of these models are an appropriate input for vulnerability and risk assessments. An important feature of using run-out models is the possibility to perform forward analyses and forecast changes in hazards. However, still most of the work using these models is based on the calibration of parameters doing a back calculation of past events. Given the number of unknown parameters and the fact that most of the rheological parameters cannot be measured in the laboratory or in the field, it is very difficult to parameterize the run-out models. For this reason the application of run-out models is mostly used for back analysis of past events and very few studies attempts to achieve a forward modelling with the available run-out models. A reason for this is the substantial degree of uncertainty that still characterizes the definition of the run-out model parameters. Since a variety of models exists for simulating mass-flows and for identifying the intensity of the hazardous phenomena, it is important to assess these models, perform a parameterization and reduce their uncertainties. This will enable to improve the understanding to assess the hazard and will provide the link with vulnerability curves that will lead eventually to generate risk curves and quantify the risk.

Published
2014

260. Rockfalls detection and characterization in the west face of the Drus (Mont Blanc) based on Gigapixel images and Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Author

Matasci, B., Ravanel, Ludovic, Guérin, A., Jaboyedoff, Michel, Deline, Philip, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geomatics and Risk Analysis (IGARS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), and Maury, Christine

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Published
2014

261. Recent evolution of an ice‐cored moraine at the Gentianes Pass, Valais Alps, Switzerland.

Author

Lambiel, Christophe, Ravanel, Ludovic, Duvillard, Pierre‐Allain, and Jaboyedoff, Michel

Subjects
MORAINES, GLACIERS, ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature, PERIGLACIAL processes, PERMAFROST ecosystems
Abstract

Lateral moraines located in permafrost environments often preserve large amounts of both glacier and periglacial ice. To understand how ice‐cored moraines located in high alpine environments evolve in a context of both glacier retreat and permafrost degradation, we performed 11 terrestrial laser‐scanning measurement campaigns between 2007 and 2014 on a highly anthropogenic overprinted moraine prone to instability. Resulting comparison of the subsequent 3D models allowed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the morphological evolution of the moraine. The comparisons indicate a very high geomorphic activity of the moraine including large areas affected by downslope movements of blocks and 10 landslides with a volume between 24 ± 1 and 1,138 ± 47 m3. Data also indicated a very strong ice melt with a loss of ice thickness locally reaching 17.7 m at the foot of the moraine. These results, compared with resistivity and thermal measurements of the ground, suggest the combined role of ice loss at the foot of the moraine and the permafrost activity/warming in triggering these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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262. Estimating rock fall frequency in a limestone cliff using LIDAR measurements

Author

Guerin, Antoine, Rossetti, Jean-Pierre, Hantz, Didier, Jaboyedoff, Michel, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geomatics and Risk Analysis (IGARS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), and Hantz, Didier

Subjects
LiDAR, [SDU.STU.AG] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, hazard, frequency, rock fall, terrestrial laser scanner, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, risk
Abstract

International audience; Terrestrial Laser Scanner has been used to detect rock falls which have occurred in a limestone cliff during some years, in the difficult configuration of the Subalpine Chains. In a rock wall of width 750 m and height 200 m, 130 rock falls larger than 0.1 m3 have been detected for a period of 1180 days. The distribution of the rock fall volumes is well fitted by a power law, with an exponent which is compatible with the exponent found for the 120 km long cliffs of the Grenoble area. But the spatial-temporal frequencies given by the two analyses are very different. The number of rock falls larger than 1 m3, which occur per century and per hm2, is about 150 times larger for the bedded limestone of Sequanian stage than for the massive limestones of Tithonian and Barremian stages.

Published
2013

263. Coupling terrestrial and marine datasets for coastal hazard assessment and risk reduction in changing environments : a EUR-OPA major hazards agreement project

Author

Soldati, Mauro, Maquaire, Olivier, Micallef, Aaron, Foglini, Federica, Pasuto, Alessandro, Prampolini, Mariacristina, Tonelli, Chiara, Costa, Stephane, Delacourt, Christophe, Jaboyedoff, Michel, and 8th IAG International Conference on Geomorphology

Subjects
Coastal ecology -- France -- Normandy, Submarine topography -- France -- Normandy, Submarine geology -- Research, Coastal mapping, Geomorphology -- Research, Landslides -- Risk assessment
Abstract

The main objectives of the EUR-OPA Agreement of the Council of Europe are to provide closer cooperation among member states in order to ensure better prevention and protection in case of disasters and to develop new methodologies and tools for efficient risk management. This poster aims to show the first results of the Project “Coupling terrestrial and marine datasets for coastal hazard assessment and risk reduction in changing environments”, managed by the Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Insular Coastal Dynamics (ICoD) in collaboration with the European Centre on Geomorphological Hazards (CERG). The Project foresees also the participation of Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, CNR-ISMAR Bologna and CNR-IRPI Padova. This Project aims at linking and integrating terrestrial and marine datasets along the coastlines of Malta and Lower Normandy (France). The investigations carried out so far have contributed to a better definition of the kinematics of active landslides that may determine risk situations., N/A

Published
2013

267. 7.28 Numerical modeling of flows and falls

Author

Worni, Raphael, Huggel, Christian, Dorren, Lukas Karel Agnes, Jaboyedoff, Michel, University of Zurich, Shroder, John F, and Worni, Raphael

Subjects
2300 General Environmental Science, 10122 Institute of Geography, 1900 General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 910 Geography & travel
Published
2013

270. Ambient seismic noise monitoring of a clay landslide: Toward failure prediction

Author

Mainsant, Guénolé, LAROSE, Eric, Brönnimann, Cornelia, Jongmans, Denis, Michoud, Clément, Jaboyedoff, Michel, Risques (Risques), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ondes et Structures, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GEOLEP, Institute of Geomatics and Risk Analysis (IGARS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), European Project, Risques, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Ondes et Structures (Isterre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)

Subjects
Rainfall, Mobility, Slope, Movement, Waves, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Debris Flows, Arrays, Model
Abstract

International audience; Given that clay-rich landslides may become mobilized, leading to rapid mass movements (earthflows and debris flows), they pose critical problems in risk management worldwide. The most widely proposed mechanism leading to such flow-like movements is the increase in water pore pressure in the sliding mass, generating partial or complete liquefaction. This solid-to-liquid transition results in a dramatic reduction of mechanical rigidity in the liquefied zones, which could be detected by monitoring shear wave velocity variations. With this purpose in mind, the ambient seismic noise correlation technique has been applied to measure the variation in the seismic surface wave velocity in the Pont Bourquin landslide (Swiss Alps). This small but active composite earthslide-earthflow was equipped with continuously recording seismic sensors during spring and summer 2010. An earthslide of a few thousand cubic meters was triggered in mid-August 2010, after a rainy period. This article shows that the seismic velocity of the sliding material, measured from daily noise correlograms, decreased continuously and rapidly for several days prior to the catastrophic event. From a spectral analysis of the velocity decrease, it was possible to determine the location of the change at the base of the sliding layer. These results demonstrate that ambient seismic noise can be used to detect rigidity variations before failure and could potentially be used to predict landslides.

Published
2012
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271. Coupling terrestrial and marine datasets for coastal hazard assessment and risk reduction in changing environments – Un Progetto di ricerca nell’ambito dell’EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement del Consiglio d’Europa

Author

Soldati, Mauro, Maquaire, Olivier, Micallef, Aaron, Foglini, Federica, Pasuto, Alessandro, Prampolini, Mariacristina, Tonelli, Chiara, Costa, Stephane, Delacourt, Christophe, Jaboyedoff, Michel, and IV Convegno Nazionale AIGeo : La geomorfologia del nuovo millennio tra cambiamenti climatici, velocità dei processi ed eventi estremi

Subjects
Coastal ecology -- France -- Normandy, Submarine topography -- France -- Normandy, Submarine geology -- Research, Geomorphology -- Research, Landslides -- Risk assessment
Abstract

Lo European and Mediterranean Major Hazards Agreement (EUR-OPA) del Consiglio d’Europa è una piattaforma per la cooperazione tra paesi europei e del Mediterraneo meridionale nel campo dei rischi naturali e tecnologici. L’accordo si prefigge di stimolare una più stretta collaborazione tra gli stati membri ai fini della prevenzione e della protezione da possibili calamità, di condividere conoscenze sulle pericolosità legate ai cambiamenti ambientali e di sviluppare nuove metodologie e strumenti per una gestione efficace dei rischi., peer-reviewed

Published
2012

275. Discontinuity Set Extractor

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Riquelme, Adrián, Abellán Fernández, Antonio, Tomás, Roberto, Jaboyedoff, Michel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Riquelme, Adrián, Abellán Fernández, Antonio, Tomás, Roberto, and Jaboyedoff, Michel

Abstract

Discontinuity Set Extractor (DSE) is programmed by Adrián Riquelme for testing part of his PdD studies. Its aim is to extract discontinuity sets from a rock mass. The input data is a 3D point cloud, which can be acquired by means of a 3D laser scanner (LiDAR or TLS), digital photogrammetry techniques (such as SfM) or synthetic data. It applies a proposed methodology to semi-automatically identify points members of an unorganised 3D point cloud that are arranged in 3D space by planes.

Published
2015

284. Assessing the rock failure return period on an unstable Alpine rock wall based on volume-frequency relationships: The Brenva Spur (3916 m a.s.l., Aosta Valley, Italy).

Author

Fei, Li, Jaboyedoff, Michel, Guerin, Antoine, Noël, François, Bertolo, Davide, Derron, Marc-Henri, Thuegaz, Patrick, Troilo, Fabrizio, and Ravanel, Ludovic

Subjects
*ROCKFALL, *GLOBAL warming, *DATABASES, *CONFIDENCE intervals
Abstract

Defining the relationship between volume and return period is critical when estimating the risk of rockfalls and/or rock avalanche, especially during continued global warming at high altitudes that threatens rock wall stability. Characterizing the volume-frequency relationship based on historical datasets is, however, limited by observation and quantification biases, which have not received enough attention. Here, to monitor recent activities for the Brenva Spur (Mont-Blanc massif, Italy) that is also a rock avalanche scar and estimate the return period of future rock failures based on the volume-frequency relationship (and the corresponding uncertainty), a structure-from-motion photogrammetric survey was conducted from 2017 to 2021. 39 rockfall sources with volumes ranging from 11 to 13,250 m3 were identified within the scar. The total failure volume is 22,438 m3, with an associated erosion rate of 15.5 mm/year, indicating very active morphodynamics possibly linked to the permafrost evolution in the spur. The volumes were characterized by a negative power-law that fits significant two events in 2016 (3.4 × 104 m3) and one in 1997 (2.0 × 106 m3) remarkably well, and the randomness of the fit was evaluated by a Monte Carlo approach. 7 potential failure scenarios ranging from 3.1 × 104 m3 (S 1) to 4.8 × 106 m3 (S 7) were defined according to a structural analysis and the sloping local base level concept. Their extrapolated return periods derived by the power-law fit indicate a longer return period for the maximum failure scenario than for the smaller scenarios. S 1 has a 50% chance of occurring every 3 years, while S 7 has a 50% chance of occurring every 31 years. Though the median return period of S 7 is 31 years, the 95% and 68.2% confidence intervals range from 8 to 399 years and 14 to 93 years, respectively, which reflects a high level of uncertainty but is realistic when considering global warming, progressive rock failure, etc. In addition to characterizing recent rock failure activities in high mountains, this study offers a preliminary examination of the return periods of some extreme scenarios and provides primary data for risk management in mountainous areas that are very sensitive to global warming. • Updated rock failure database by helicopter based SfM photogrammetry survey for Brenva Spur. • Detailed rockfall sources analysis linking geo-structures on the Brenva avalanche scar. • Extreme failure scenarios definition by discontinuity characterization and the SLBL concept. • Failure scenario return period estimation by volume-frequency relationship considering the uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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293. A new approach for semi-automatic rock mass joints recognition from 3D point clouds

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Riquelme, Adrián, Abellán Fernández, Antonio, Tomás, Roberto, Jaboyedoff, Michel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Riquelme, Adrián, Abellán Fernández, Antonio, Tomás, Roberto, and Jaboyedoff, Michel

Abstract

Rock mass characterization requires a deep geometric understanding of the discontinuity sets affecting rock exposures. Recent advances in Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) instrumentation currently allow quick and accurate 3D data acquisition, yielding on the development of new methodologies for the automatic characterization of rock mass discontinuities. This paper presents a methodology for the identification and analysis of flat surfaces outcropping in a rocky slope using the 3D data obtained with LiDAR. This method identifies and defines the algebraic equations of the different planes of the rock slope surface by applying an analysis based on a neighbouring points coplanarity test, finding principal orientations by Kernel Density Estimation and identifying clusters by the Density-Based Scan Algorithm with Noise. Different sources of information —synthetic and 3D scanned data— were employed, performing a complete sensitivity analysis of the parameters in order to identify the optimal value of the variables of the proposed method. In addition, raw source files and obtained results are freely provided in order to allow to a more straightforward method comparison aiming to a more reproducible research.

Published
2014

298. Dating incipient metamorphism using 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and XRD modeling: a case study from the Swiss Alps

Author

Jaboyedoff, Michel and Cosca, Michael A.

Subjects
Swiss Alps -- Natural history, Metamorphism (Geology) -- Research, Mica -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

X-ray diffraction modeling and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology were used to study samples of metamorphosed neoformed illite of the Couches Rouges that were collected at different locations within the Swiss Alps. Results revealed an extrapolated age of 27 Ma for 100% neoformed dioctahedral phyllosilicates. This age represents the time of incipient metamorphism of the Couches Rouges stratigraphic unit.

Published
1999

299. 7.28 Numerical modeling of flows and falls

Author

Shroder, John F, Shroder, J F ( John F ), Worni, Raphael, Huggel, Christian, Dorren, Lukas Karel Agnes, Jaboyedoff, Michel, Shroder, John F, Shroder, J F ( John F ), Worni, Raphael, Huggel, Christian, Dorren, Lukas Karel Agnes, and Jaboyedoff, Michel

Abstract

A wide range of programs used to model mass movements currently exist. In this chapter, we provide an overview by presenting a selection of approaches used for modeling flows (e.g., debris flows and hyperconcentrated flows) and falls (e.g., rockfall). Mass-movement models support the study of geomorphic landscape changes, and, probably more importantly, they are commonly used for natural hazard assessments in mountain areas. As a first approach, the energy-line principle is widely applied, but not all flow and fall processes can be simulated with this rather simple method. Therefore, dynamic, process-based models have been developed, each one adapted to specific mass-movement problems. The energy-line principle is explained and models based thereon as well as modeling problems presented. Then, models and modeling approaches are introduced, which are used to describe mass flows with equations of motion and continuity. Rockfall is commonly modeled by trajectory models, which are explained theoretically and illustrated with an applied example. This state-of-the-art chapter on numerical modeling of flows and falls is followed by a discussion on future challenges in mass-movement modeling.

Published
2013

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