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The spaceborne solar observation system is crucial for the study of space phenomena such as solar flares, which requires high tracking accuracy. This study presents a coupling model that integrates mechanical, electrical, and control models to investigate the structural flexibility effect on the micro-vibration response. We established a rigid–flexible model using mechanical parts. We considered the influence of flexible features while studying the dynamic responses in its operation. The state-space equations of the system showed that modal frequency, damping, and modal participation factors played significant roles. We derived transfer functions using the Laplace transform of the coupling models to better understand this mechanism, and Simulink models were thereby established. We simulated the acceleration responses of the rigid–flexible and rigid models under angle tracking modes, and the results showed significant differences. We also simulated the acceleration responses of the models under various control frequencies, and the optimal control frequency was thus obtained. Finally, we performed experiments, and the results indicated that the rigid–flexible model could better predict the motion and acceleration responses for the spaceborne solar observation system. This study provides valuable information for understanding the role of flexible features in space performance high-tracking accuracy instruments and for micro-vibration suppression research.

Organic amine and nanosilica were combined to create a nano-demulsifier, which was employed in the oil–water separation process of a condensate emulsion. The nano-demulsifier has the structure of hyperbranched polymers and the skeleton structure of hyperbranched nanomaterials, and displays the demulsification impact of organic amine polymers as well as the synergistic effect of nanomaterials. This nano-demulsifier has the potential to drastically reduce the quantity of condensate demulsifiers utilized in the gathering station. The dehydration rate of the condensate lotion in the gas gathering station can reach more than 95% only at a concentration of 1.0 wt.%. Its application can significantly increase the separation efficiency of the condensate emulsion as well as the quality of condensate oil. It has a positive impact on cost reduction and efficiency in gas well production. The mechanism of action of the demulsifier was also studied, and the results show that the demulsifier is a phase reverse demulsifier.

The heart is an important organ that maintains human life activities, and its movement reflects its health status. Utilizing electromagnetic waves as a sensing tool, radar sensors enable noncontact measurement of cardiac motion, offering advantages over conventional contact-based methods in terms of comfort, hygiene, and efficiency. In this study, the high-precision displacement detection algorithm of radar is applied to measure cardiac motion. Experimental is conducted using a single out-channel frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar operating in the ISM frequency band with a center frequency of 24 GHz and a bandwidth of 150 MHz. Since the detection signal is influenced by both respiratory and heartbeat movements, it is necessary to eliminate the respiratory signal from the measurement signal. Firstly, the harmonic composition of the respiratory signal is analyzed, and a method is proposed to calculate the parameters of the respiratory waveform by comparing the respiratory waveform coverage area with the area of the circumscribed rectangle. This allows for determining the number of respiratory harmonics, assisting in determining whether respiratory harmonics overlap with the frequency range of the heartbeat signal. Subsequently, a more accurate cardiac motion waveform is extracted. A reference basis is provided for extracting cardiac health information from radar measurement waveforms by analyzing the corresponding relationship between certain extreme points of the waveform and characteristic positions of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. This is achieved by eliminating the fundamental frequency component of the heartbeat waveform to emphasize other spectral components present in the heartbeat signal and comparing the heartbeat waveform, the heartbeat waveform with the fundamental frequency removed, and the heartbeat velocity waveform with synchronized ECG signals.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion is the key route for the mitigation of the greenhouse effect and utilization of carbon sources to obtain value-added products or fuels. Much attention is paid to the development of novel materials with high CO2 adsorption capacity and conversion rate. MXene is the graphene-like two-dimensional metal carbide/nitride/carbonitride owning favorable structure, morphology, high surface–bulk ratio, and physicochemical properties. Here, we review the CO2 capture, sensing, and conversion by MXene and MXene-based materials. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism involved the capture, sensing, and conversion of CO2 is summarized. This review would open a new horizon for CO2 valorization with high efficiency and promising widespread applications.

Here, Biswas et al. present and characterize a second-generation model of HBV infection in rhesus macaques, showing that extended infection requires suppression of host immunity.

Abstract The integration of functional fibers into wearable devices by traditional methods is commonly completed in weaving. A new post‐weaving method of integrating fiber devices into textiles is needed to address the challenge of incorporating functional fiber into ready‐made garments without tearing down the clothing and re‐weaving. A 3D printing method to simultaneously fabricate and integrate highly stretchable conductive fiber into ready‐made garments with designed patterns is presented. The fabricated sheath–core fiber consists of a styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) shell and a Ga–In–Sn alloy liquid metal core. The SEBS shell guarantees the high stretchability (up to 600%) and flexibility, while the liquid metal core offers a high conductivity maintained at large deformation. It is shown that sophisticated patterns, which have millimeter‐level‐resolution that are difficult to be integrated into textiles by weaving, and even more laborious to be incorporated into ready‐made garments, can now be easily modified and implemented into both textiles and ready‐made garments by a time‐saving and low‐cost 3D printing method. Utilizing the electrical characteristics of the fiber in pre‐designed patterns, on‐clothing soft electronics can be printed directly. A printed on‐clothing strain sensor, bending sensor, wireless charging coil, and a touch‐sensing network are demonstrated to show the potential applications in wearable electronics.

IntroductionThe black shank disease seriously affects the health of tobacco plants. Conventional control methods have limitations in terms of effectiveness or economic aspects and cause public health concerns. Thus, biological control methods have come into the field, and microorganisms play a key role in suppressing tobacco black shank disease.MethodsIn this study, we examined the impact of soil microbial community on black shank disease basing on the structural difference of bacterial communities in rhizosphere soils. We used Illumina sequencing to compare the bacterial community diversity and structure in different rhizosphere soil samples in terms of healthy tobacco, tobacco showing typical black shank symptoms, and tobacco treated with the biocontrol agent, Bacillus velezensis S719.ResultsWe found that Alphaproteobacteria in the biocontrol group, accounted for 27.2% of the ASVs, was the most abundant bacterial class among three groups. Heatmap and LEfSe analyses were done to determine the distinct bacterial genera in the three sample groups. For the healthy group, Pseudomonas was the most significant genus; for the diseased group, Stenotrophomonas exhibited the strongest enrichment trend, and Sphingomonas showed the highest linear discriminant analysis score, and was even more abundant than Bacillus; for the biocontrol group, Bacillus, and Gemmatimonas were the largely distributed genus. In addition, co-occurrence network analysis confirmed the abundance of taxa, and detected a recovery trend in the network topological parameters of the biocontrol group. Further functional prediction also provided a possible explanation for the bacterial community changes with related KEGG annotation terms.DiscussionThese findings will improve our knowledge of plant-microbe interactions and the application of biocontrol agents to improve plant fitness, and may contribute to the selection of biocontrol strains.

Background: Gout is one of the most prevailing inflammatory arthritis, in which joint pain and dysfunction may drastically reduce patients' quality of life, work efficiency, and increase the burden of medical treatment. The Huzhang Tongfeng granule (HZTFG) has been utilized clinically for more than 30 years with satisfactory effects and no significant adverse reactions. However, the mechanisms that underlie HZTFG's effect remain indeterminate. Methods: Firstly, the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses were applied to clarify the multi-components of HZTFG to establish the quality control parameters. After the monosodium urate (MSU) crystals induced Acute gouty arthritis (AGA) model was established, behavioral testing, joint swelling, hematoxylin, and eosin (H&E) staining were applied to assess the effect of HZTFG on improving joint pain, swelling, synovial inflammation of the MSU crystals-injected mice. Moreover, to further understand the underlying mechanism of the action of HZTFG on AGA, RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after HZTFG treatment. Thereafter, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were enriched via gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to assess the functions and pathways of DEGs. Furthermore, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied for validation in vivo. Results: After treatment with HZTFG, RNA-seq results revealed 44 DEGs, of which 20 genes were remarkably down-regulated and 24 genes were up-regulated. Besides, the expression of these assayed genes were noticeably decreased, including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cebpb, Lcn2, Ptgs2, Mmp13, Fos, Socs3, Sele, and Junb. Moreover, animal experiments also demonstrated that TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway are key pathways in HZTFG treated MSU-induced AGA mouse model. Conclusion: HZTFG attenuated MSU crystals-induced inflammatory response through TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways by inhibiting the activation of related chemokines, inflammatory proteins, transcription factors, suppressor of cytokine signaling, and adhesion molecule in AGA. This study further provides the potential therapeutic targets for AGA treatment.

ObjectivesWe investigated the protective effect of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides (RGO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier injury among mice.MethodsRGO is prepared from fresh rehmannia glutinosa by water extraction, active carbon decolorization, ion exchange resin impurity removal, macroporous adsorption resin purification, and decompression drying. LPS could establish the model for intestinal inflammation and barrier injury in mice. Three different doses of RGO were administered for three consecutive weeks. Then the weight, feces, and health status of the mice were recorded. After sacrificing the mice, their colon length and immune organ index were determined. The morphological changes of the ileum and colon were observed using Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, followed by measuring the villus length and recess depth. RT-qPCR was utilized to detect the relative mRNA expression of intestinal zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. The expression of inflammatory factors and oxidation markers within ileum and colon tissues and the digestive enzyme activities in the ileum contents were detected using ELISA. The content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon was determined with GC. The gut microbial composition and diversity changes were determined with 16S-rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The association between intestinal microorganisms and SCFAs, occludins, digestive enzymes, inflammatory factor contents, and antioxidant indexes was also analyzed.ResultsRGO significantly increased the weight, pancreatic index, thymus index, and colon length of mice compared with the model group. Moreover, it also improved the intestinal tissue structure and increased the expression of intestinal barrier-related junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin. The contents of IL-6, IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the intestinal tissues of mice were significantly reduced. Additionally, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) were elevated. In contrast, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased. Trypsin and pancreatic lipase activities in the ileum enhanced, and the SCFA contents such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the colon increased. The study on intestinal flora revealed that RGO could enhance the abundance of intestinal flora and improve the flora structure. After RGO intervention, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, and Akkermania bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice increased compared with the model group, while that of Actinomycetes decreased. The intestinal microbiota structure changed to the case, with probiotics playing a dominant role. The correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus and Ackermann bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice were positively associated with SCFAs, Occludin, ZO-1, pancreatic amylase, SOD, and CAT activities. Moreover, they were negatively correlated with inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α.ConclusionsRGO can decrease LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier injury in mice and protect their intestinal function. RGO can ameliorate intestinal inflammation and maintain the intestinal barrier by regulating intestinal flora.

ABSTRACT Flagellins are the main constituents of the flagellar filaments that provide bacterial motility, chemotactic ability, and host immune elicitation ability. Although the functions of flagellins have been extensively studied in bacteria with a single flagellin-encoding gene, the function of multiple flagellin-encoding genes in a single bacterial species is largely unknown. Here, the model plant-growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas kilonensis F113 was used to decipher the divergent functions of duplicated flagellins. We demonstrate that the two flagellins (FliC-1 and FliC-2) in 12 Pseudomonas strains, including F113, are evolutionarily distinct. Only the fliC-1 gene but not the fliC-2 gene in strain F113 is responsible for flagellar biogenesis, motility, and plant immune elicitation. The transcriptional expression of fliC-2 was significantly lower than that of fliC-1 in medium and in planta, most likely due to variations in promoter activity. In silico prediction revealed that all fliC-2 genes in the 12 Pseudomonas strains have a poorly conserved promoter motif. Compared to the Flg22-2 epitope (relative to FliC-2), Flg22-1 (relative to FliC-1) induced stronger FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2)-mediated microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and significantly inhibited plant root growth. A change in the 19th amino acid in Flg22-2 reduced its binding affinity to the FLS2/brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated kinase 1 complex. Also, Flg22-2 epitopes in the other 11 Pseudomonas strains were presumed to have low binding affinity due to the same change in the 19th amino acid. These findings suggest that Pseudomonas has evolved duplicate flagellins, with only FliC-1 contributing to motility and plant immune elicitation. IMPORTANCE Flagellins have emerged as important microbial patterns. This work focuses on flagellin duplication in some plant-associated Pseudomonas. Our findings on the divergence of duplicated flagellins provide a conceptual framework for better understanding the functional determinant flagellin and its peptide in multiple-flagellin plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

Abstract Background Chromosomal imbalances of several megabasepair in size are normally deleterious for the carrier. Still, rarely reported are so-called “unbalanced chromosome abnormalities” (UBCAs), which are either gains or losses or equally large genomic regions, but the affected person is not or only minimally clinically affected. The knowledge of such UBCAs is imperative also in chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) or noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Case presentation A maternally inherited del(18)(p11.32p11.31) was identified in a over two generations in a Chinese family with normal phenotype. The affected region encompasses 19 genes, among which TGIF1 is expressed in fetal and adult nervous system. TGIF1 deletions and /or mutations have been seen in cases with holoprosencephaly but also non-affected individuals, suggesting incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Conclusions Deletions in the terminal region of chromosome 18 short arm have been reported previously in clinically healthy persons. Here a further family with an UBCA in 18p11.3 is added to the literature, suggesting a careful genetic counselling in comparable, especially prenatal cases.

This study systematically determined the nutrient components, bioactive substances and heavy metal content of Stropharia rugosoannulata in Bo’ai County, and its nutritional value was analyzed and evaluated. The nutrient components, mineral elements, vitamins, amino acid composition, bioactive substances and heavy metal content of Stropharia rugosoannulata were determined using national standards and conventional inspection methods. The results showed that the contents of moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrates, total sugars, reducing sugars, polysaccharides and total triterpenes in the tested Stropharia rugosoannulata were 11.43%±0.15%, 8.47%±0.15%, 34.17%±3.17%, 1.33%±0.25%, 7.30%±0.30%, 45.17%±3.75%, 36.67%±2.40%, 3.53%±0.31%, 13.18%±0.05% and 1.420%±0.005%, respectively. It contained 18 kinds of amino acids, of which isoleucine was as high as 6.32±0.42 mg/100 g, accounting for 33.54%±2.92% of the total amino acids, and the content of 8 essential amino acids for the human body was 11.70±0.91 mg/100 g. The E/T was 61.94% and the E/N was 162.73%, which were better than the ideal protein model proposed by FAO/WHO. It contained many kinds of mineral elements, and was rich in content including some constant elements necessary for the human body such as Na, K, Mg, P, Ca, etc. and some trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Mn, Se, Cu, etc. The content of the constant elements was more than 1000 mg/kg, and selenium as high as 2.57±0.47 mg/kg. It was rich in six group-B vitamins including B2, B6, B12, folic acid, niacin, especially the content of niacin was as high as 392.053±17.200 mg/kg. The content of total lead, total mercury and cadmium were all within the limits range of national food safety standards except total arsenic. Bo'ai Stropharia rugosoannulata was a good raw material for eating and developing into health food, which was high in protein, low in fat and fiber, and rich in mineral elements and B-group vitamins, had a reasonable amino acid composition, and contained water-soluble polysaccharides, triterpenoids and other biologically active substances.

Osteolytic lesions (OL) are frequent in multiple myeloma (MM), but are poorly understood. Here, the authors characterise OLs in MM patient samples using single-cell RNA-seq, revealing genes that are specifically regulated in OL compared to random bone marrow aspirates and that reflect the response to induction therapy.