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Recently, Liu et al. (Opt. Commun. 284:3160, ) proposed a protocol for quantum private comparison of equality (QPCE) based on symmetric W state. However, Li et al. (Eur. Phys. J. D 66:110, ) pointed out that there is a flaw of information leak, and they proposed a new protocol based on EPR pairs. While examining these two protocols, we find that there exists a same flaw: the third party (TP) can know the comparison result. In this paper, through introducing and constructing a special class of asymmetric W state, a secure QPCE protocol based on this asymmetric W state is presented. Analysis shows the present protocol can not only effectively avoid the information leak found by Li et al., but also ensure TP would not get any information about the comparison result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Yang et al.'s literatures (J. Phys. A: Math. 42, 055305, ; J. Phys. A: Math. 43, 209801, ), a quantum private comparison protocol based on Bell states and hash function is proposed, which aims to securely compare the equality of two participants' information with the help of a dishonest third party (TP). However, this study will point out their protocol cannot resist a special kind of attack, TP's same initial states attack, which is presented in this paper. That is, the dishonest TP can disturb the comparison result without being detected through preparing the same initial states. Finally, a simple improvement is given to avoid the attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • HIPEs were successfully prepared by PPI nanoparticles induced by potassium metabisulfite. • A predominant elastic behavior was observed in gel-like Pickering HIPEs. • The Pickering HIPEs had excellent stability in storage and centrifugation. • The increase of ionic strength and temperature caused the reversible flocculation of emulsion. The oil-in-water high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) could be stabilized by pea protein isolate nanoparticles (PPINs) induced by potassium metabisulfite (K 2 S 2 O 5). Confocal laser scanning microscope proved that PPINs were attached on the oil–water interface, indicating characteristic of Pickering HIPEs. The HIPEs stabilized by PPINs of higher concentration had smaller droplet size, better storage and centrifugal stability than that of PPINs of low concentration because there were enough particles to constitute the thick interface film. The storage modulus was higher than loss modulus indicating that HIPEs exhibited gel-like structure. At different temperatures and ionic strengths, HIPEs exhibited flocculation but still maintained a stable gel-like structure. The strain curve of HIPEs showed Type III nonlinear behavior due to the flocculation of emulsion droplets. HIPEs stabilized by PPINs might be a potential alternative to partially hydrogenated oils to reduce intake of trans fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three kinds of enzymes were employed to hydrolyze high-density lipoprotein. • Enzymatic hydrolysis significantly improved the solubility of hydrolysates. • The enhancement of emulsifying properties was correlated with hydrolysis time. • The environmental stability of the emulsions prepared by hydrolysates was improved. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was extracted from hen eggs and enzymatic hydrolysates were formed by neutral protease, trypsin and alkaline protease, which were named as EHN, EHT and EHA, respectively. The solubility of hydrolysates was significantly higher than that of HDL, especially that of EHA significantly increased from 7.69% to 27.54% when it was hydrolyzed for 1.5 h. The emulsifying properties of EHT, EHA and EHN exhibited an increase trend as a function of hydrolysis time and reached the peak values at 3.5, 1.5 and 3.5 h, respectively. This improvement was attributed to the generation of soluble peptides fragments and the exposure of ionizable residues. At different pH, temperatures and ionic strengths, the stability of emulsions stabilized by hydrolysates was higher than that of HDL, especially for emulsions prepared by EHT. These findings might indicate feasible guidance to broaden the application of HDL and enzymatic hydrolysates in emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deterministic multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is put forward, in which Bell states in high-dimensional Hilbert space are used. Only by preforming High-dimensional Bell measurements, all agents can recover the secret according to the dealer's announcement when collaborating with each other. It shows that unitary operation for encoding deterministic secret is unnecessary in quantum communication. The security of the transmission of the high-dimensional Bell states can be ensured by randomly using one of the two mutually unbiased bases for eavesdropping checking, and thus by which the proposed quantum secret sharing scheme is secure against usual attacks. In addition, the proposed scheme has three advantages: generality, high resource capacity and high security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the measurement of the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in soil, fog, rain, and plant non-photosynthetic tissues, as well as the gravimetric soil water content, soil water potential, and leaf water potential, this paper studied the water use strategy of F. tinctoria at its different life stages in Xishuangbanna of Southwestern China. The water potential in shallow soil layer (10-50 cm) had a greater change between hot-dry season and foggy season, whereas that in deeper soil layer (51-120 cm) had less change during the seasons. No significant difference was observed in the soil water content between foggy season and hot-dry season. The leaf water potential at predawn and midday varied with life stage. From the measurement of the stable isotope ratios and other parameters, it was found that shallow soil water was the main water source for F. tinctoria, and F. tinctoria had different water use strategy at its different life stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To identify the possible sources of fog drip, samples of rainfall, fog drip, throughfall, stemflow, stream water, river water, pond water and soil water were collected for 3 years (2002–2004) for stable isotopic analysis, at a tropical seasonal rain forest site in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. We found that radiation fog is produced mainly through evaporation from pond, river, and soil, and through forest evapotranspiration. The analyses suggest that evaporation from the stream is limited. In addition, radiation fog produced during the dry season (low absolute humidity) contained more terrestrially recycled water than fog produced during the rainy season (high absolute humidity). Forest evapotranspiration appears to be the largest fraction, but a more intense sampling scheme will be needed to assign the relative contribution of the different sources of fog. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The effects of canopy development, solar angle, and weather conditions on temporal variation in photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) at three heights within a tropical rain forest canopy in Xishuangbanna, China, were examined. PPFD was measured every second and stored as 10-min averages from 1 December 2002 to 30 November 2003. PPFD variability was examined at three different temporal scales. Specific days in March, September, and December with clear and overcast sky conditions were selected to separate the effects of leaf area index (LAI) and solar angle on diurnal variability. On both clear and overcast days, mean daily average PPFD was significantly different between March and September at all heights, except 10 m on clear days, suggesting that LAI directly influences PPFD. In contrast, the differences in daily average PPFD among three heights between September and December were likely due to variation in solar angle. In addition, daily average PPFD at all locations were significantly lower under overcast than clear sky conditions in March, September and December. Over the year-long study, the mean daily total PPFD at 21 m, 10 m and 4 m was 2.8, 2.7 and 0.7 mol/(m2 · d), which accounted for 9.7%, 9.4% and 2.4% of the daily PPFD above the canopy, respectively. Significant differences in mean daily total PPFD occurred at the same heights among different seasons, and diurnal, day-to-day and seasonal PPFD varied at different heights within the canopy. The possible effects of light variability on physiological and morphological responses of plants are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Permian–Triassic (P-Tr) transition marks a vital period in Earth's history, characterized by major environmental perturbations and the largest mass extinction event of the Phanerozoic, with volcanic activities playing a key role. Previous investigations of mercury (Hg) anomalies in over 50 marine and terrestrial sections spanning the P-Tr boundary (PTB) have suggested a predominant volcanogenic influence. However, there remains ongoing debate regarding the exact timing and primary sources of these anomalies in different regions. In this study, we present stratigraphically high-resolution (∼7× higher compared to the previous work in the same section) Hg records from the shallow marine strata of the Qubu section, located at the Himalayan Tethys Zone of southern Tibet, Southwest China. Our analysis reveals peak Hg concentrations of approximately 80 to 100 ng/g and Hg/TOC ratios of 111 to 263 (ppb/wt%) at the uppermost Permian. Notably, new measurements of Hg isotopes, characterized by ∼0‰ of Δ199Hg values, provide unambiguous evidence supporting the prevailing volcanic influence. Our results are consistent with similar observations of Hg anomalies in proximal shallow-marine sections around the Neo-Tethys Ocean, including those in northern India and western Australia. However, we found that relatively shallower marine settings (shelf, lagoon or inshore) tend to exhibit Hg spikes in the latest Permian, whereas deeper sections (outer-shelf or deep carbonate ramp) show peaks in the Early Triassic. Since Hg anomalies for all the sections have been verified to be volcanogenic based on their near-zero values of Δ199Hg, the discrepancies among them concerning timing and water depth may be attributed to prolonged volcanic influences extending into the Triassic period. Our findings underscore the complexity of sedimentary Hg records and further raise questions about the spatiotemporal consistency of Hg anomalies during the P-Tr transition. Additionally, the most negative Δ199Hg value (−0.20‰) in the uppermost black shale in the Qubu section likely resulted from photic zone euxinia consistent with globally developed P-Tr shallow-marine anoxic conditions, while other low values of Δ199Hg with low Hg concentrations were derived from some moderate terrestrial influx. • High-resolution Hg records from the Qubu section in Himalayan Tethys Zone. • Near-zero Δ199Hg values confirm the prevailing volcanic influence immediately below PTB. • Spatiotemporal disparities within different shallow marine sections in the Neo-Tethys Ocean. • Negative Δ199Hg values indicate photic zone euxinia and/or moderate terrestrial influx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant activation of dermal fibroblasts during wound healing often leads to debilitating fibrotic changes in the skin, such as scleroderma and keloids. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we established a wound‐induced skin fibrosis (WISF) mouse model in mature adult mice, characterised by excessive deposition of collagen bundles, loss of dermal adipocytes, and enrichment of DPP4+Ly6A+THY1+ hypodermal interstitial adipocyte progenitors (HI‐APs) and pericytes, resembling human fibrotic skin diseases. This WISF model exhibited an age‐dependent gain of fibrotic characteristics, contrasting with the wound‐induced hair neogenesis observed in younger mice. Through comprehensive analyses of the WISF, we delineated a trajectory of fibroblast differentiation that originates from HI‐APs. These progenitors highly expressed several extracellular matrix (ECM) genes and exhibited a TGFβ pathway signature. TGFβ was identified as the key signal to inhibit the adipogenic potential and maintain the fibrogenic potential of dermal APs. Additionally, administering a TGFβ receptor inhibitor to wound scar reduced the abundance of ECM‐producing APs. Finally, analysis of human scleroderma skin tissues revealed a negative correlation between the expression of AP‐, ECM‐, and TGFβ pathway‐related genes and PPARG. Overall, this study establishes a wound‐induced skin fibrosis mouse model and demonstrates that TGFβ‐mediated blockage of HI‐AP differentiation is crucial for driving fibrotic pathology. Targeting HI‐APs and adipogenesis may provide novel avenues for developing disease‐modifying therapies for fibrotic skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Low-temperature Sn fusion bonding technique was proposed to fabricate GaN-based blue vertical light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on Si substrate. First, by studying photoluminescence (PL) spectra of GaN LED epilayers/Ag-based mirror/Si structures fabricated at different bonding temperatures, it was confirmed that the quality of Ag-based mirror was not degraded when the bonding temperature was 250°C. Then GaN-based blue vertical LEDs were fabricated at this bonding temperature. As compared with conventional GaN-based LEDs, the vertical LEDs revealed improved forward current–voltage characteristic, especially, the reverse current of the vertical LEDs was as low as 39nA at the reverse bias of −10V. In the mean time, vertical LEDs showed an increase in light output of about 127% at 200mA, and no saturation was observed as the driving current increased to 500mA. Further measurement revealed that vertical LEDs had a much lower junction temperature. These results indicate that the Sn fusion bonding technique is an effective way for fabrication of high-power GaN-based LEDs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Herein, we present a unified chemical synthesis of three subgroups of cephalotaxus diterpenoids. Key to the success lies in adopting a synthetic strategy that is inspired by biosynthesis but is opposite in nature. By employing selective one‐carbon introduction and ring expansion operations, we have successfully converted cephalotane‐type C18 dinorditerpenoids (using cephanolide B as a starting material) into troponoid‐type C19 norditerpenoids and intact cephalotane‐type C20 diterpenoids. This synthetic approach has enabled us to synthesize cephinoid H, 13‐oxo‐cephinoid H, 7‐oxo‐cephinoid H, fortalpinoid C, 7‐epi‐fortalpinoid C, cephanolide E, and 13‐epi‐cephanolide E. Furthermore, through the development of an intermolecular asymmetric Michael reaction between β‐oxo esters and β‐substituted enones, we have achieved the enantioselective synthesis of advanced intermediates within our synthetic sequence, thus formally realizing the asymmetric total synthesis of the cephalotaxus diterpenoids family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relief algorithm is a feature selection algorithm used in binary classification proposed by Kira and Rendell, and its computational complexity remarkably increases with both the scale of samples and the number of features. In order to reduce the complexity, a quantum feature selection algorithm based on Relief algorithm, also called quantum Relief algorithm, is proposed. In the algorithm, all features of each sample are superposed by a certain quantum state through the CMP and rotation operations, then the swap test and measurement are applied on this state to get the similarity between two samples. After that, Near-hit and Near-miss are obtained by calculating the maximal similarity, and further applied to update the feature weight vector WT to get WT¯ that determine the relevant features with the threshold τ. In order to verify our algorithm, a simulation experiment based on IBM Q with a simple example is performed. Efficiency analysis shows the computational complexity of our proposed algorithm is O(M), while the complexity of the original Relief algorithm is O(NM), where N is the number of features for each sample, and M is the size of the sample set. Obviously, our quantum Relief algorithm has superior acceleration than the classical one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichopodus leeriihas been given many popular names in the ornament market, such as pearl gourami, lace gourami and mosaic gourami, which causes confusion in species identification. This species belongs in the family Osphronemidae of Perciformes. This species and its congeners are characterized by a brownish-silver body, covered in a pearl-like pattern. In this study, we first determined and described the complete mitogenome sequence ofT. leerii, which is 16,472 bp in length. The overall base composition is 29.2%, 27.3%, 28.0% and 15.5% for A, C, T and G, respectively, with a slight bias in the AT content (57.2%). All protein-coding genes share the start codon ATG and most of them have TAA or TAG as the stop codon, exceptND4andND6use an incomplete stop codon T. Maximum likelihood tree and Bayesian analyses based on partitioned nucleotide sequences of 12 mitochondrial protein-coding genes were constructed, and both yielded identical topologies. These results are expected to provide useful molecular data for species identification and further phylogenetic studies of Osphronemidae and Perciformes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed an efficient method for analyzing the quasi-static interaction between the pipe pile and multilayered saturated soft soils. A pipe pile is simplified into a 1D compression bar and then discretized into a number of elements. The interaction forces on the inner and outer interfaces between the pipe pile and soft soils are integrated by the trapezoidal rule. Based on the precise integration solution of multilayered saturated soft soils with a fractional viscoelastic model, the flexibility matrix of the soil under a vertical annular load is formed. According to the force equilibrium and displacement compatibility on the pile–soil interfaces, the coupling interaction equations are established and solved. The correctness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the calculated results with those of the existing literature. Numerical examples are discussed to evaluate the effects of the viscoelasticity of soils, pipe wall thickness, pile length–radius ratio, pile–soil modulus ratio, and soil stratification on the interaction between pipe piles and soft soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fractional derivative modeling for axisymmetric consolidation of multilayered cross-anisotropic viscoelastic porous media. The elastic solution for multilayered porous media is acquired by the extended precise integration method. The flexibility coefficient of the fractional Merchant viscoelastic model is deduced in the Laplace transformed domain, and the viscoelastic solution of the problem is further obtained by the elastic–viscoelastic correspondence principle. The numerical results are compared with those of published literatures to verify the proposed method, and the influences of fractional derivative order, viscoelasticity of solid skeleton and layering of materials on the axisymmetric consolidation of multilayered viscoelastic porous media are investigated by several examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Privacy-preserving geometric intersection (PGI) is an important issue in Secure multiparty computation (SMC). The existing quantum PGI protocols are mainly based on grid coding, which requires a lot of computational complexity. The phase-encoded query method which has been used in some Quantum SMC protocols is suitable to solve the decision problem, but it needs to apply high dimensional Oracle operators. In this paper, we use the principle of phase-encoded query to solve an important PGI problem, namely privacy-preserving two-party circle intersection. We study the implementation of Oracle operator in detail, and achieve polynomial computational complexity by decompsing it into quantum arithmetic operations. Performance analysis shows that our protocol is correct and efficient, and can protect the privacy of all participants against internal and external attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This systematic review aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of telerehabilitation on family caregivers of stroke survivors. Background. After discharge from the hospital, family caregivers of stroke survivors faced physical and psychological stress. Telerehabilitation seems crucial for family caregivers. However, the impact of telerehabilitation on family caregivers' health outcomes remains to be studied. Evaluation. Six databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched up to June 16th, 2022, without language restrictions. The Revised Cochrane Risk-of-bias Tool for Randomized Trials was used to assess the quality of included studies. The GRADEpro (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Profile) tools were applied to assess the synthesized evidence quality. The subgroup analysis was performed according to the intervention formats. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3, and the publication bias was calculated by Stata 14.0. Key Issue(s). A total of 16 studies containing 992 caregivers were pooled in this systematic review. Telerehabilitation significantly improved the caregiver burden (SMD = −0.18, 95% CI = −0.35∼−0.02, P = 0.03 , moderate-quality evidence), knowledge (SMD = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.03∼1.47, P = 0.04 , very low-quality evidence), and competence (SMD = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.82∼1.88, P < 0.001 , very low-quality evidence) but not depression (SMD = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.3∼0.21, P = 0.74 , moderate-quality evidence), anxiety (MD = 0.68, 95% CI = −0.68∼2.04, P = 0.32 , low-quality evidence), and self-efficacy (SMD = −0.30, 95% CI = −1.22∼0.61, P = 0.52 , very low-quality evidence) in family caregivers of stroke survivors. The subgroup analysis demonstrated that multi-form telerehabilitation (SMD = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.32∼2.40, P < 0.001) was significantly effective in improving caregiving competence. Conclusion. Telerehabilitation can effectively reduce the caregiver burden as well as improve the knowledge and competence of stroke caregivers. Implications for Nursing Management. The emergence of telerehabilitation can help relieve caregivers' stress and provide a new form for nursing managers to make discharge plans for stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information leakage problem in the efficient bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom is pointed out. Next, a way to revise this protocol to a truly secure one is given. We hope people pay more attention to the information leakage problem in order to design truly secure quantum communication protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, near-infrared Au-grating/MoS2/Au hot-electron photodetectors (HEPDs) with magnetic polaritons (MPs) beneath the top Au grating strips are designed and proposed. The MPs are formed by the near-field coupling between the grating and the bottom Au film, which achieves a light absorption greater than 99.5% at 1550 nm for the HEPDs. The simulations show that the absorption wavelength can be tuned independently and widely to cover the whole short wavelength infrared band by adjusting width of the grating strips, and the near-perfect absorption characteristics can be maintained. Then, dual-frequency HEPDs with two different grating strip widths in one cycle of the Au-grating are designed. Without external bias, the theoretical responsivities as high as 11.2 mA W−1 at 1200 nm and 6.2 mA W−1 at 1550 nm are achieved for the HEPDs by a three-step electrical model. In addition, a modulation distance between the two absorption peak positions of the HEPDs could be larger than 1100 nm. This provides a new idea for the realization of high-responsivity near-infrared HEPDs for arbitrary dual-band detection, which has great potential in modern optical communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the home quarantine on pregnancy outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients during the COVID-19 outbreak. The complete electronic medical records of patients with GDM with home quarantine history were collected and classified into the home quarantine group from 24 February 2020 to 24 November 2020. The same period of patients with GDM without home quarantine history were included in the control group from 2018 to 2019. The pregnant outcomes of the home quarantine and control groups were systematically compared, such as neonatal weight, head circumference, body length, one-minute Apgar score, fetal macrosomia, and pre-term delivery. A total of 1358 patients with GDM were included in the analysis, including 484 in 2018, 468 in 2019, and 406 in 2020. Patients with GDM with home quarantine in 2020 had higher glycemic levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes than in 2018 and 2019, including higher cesarean section rates, lower Apgar scores, and higher incidence of macrosomia and umbilical cord around the neck. More importantly, the second trimester of home quarantine had brought a broader impact on pregnant women and fetuses. Home quarantine has aggravated the condition of GDM pregnant women and brought more adverse pregnancy outcomes during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, we suggested governments and hospitals strengthen lifestyle guidance, glucose management, and antenatal care for patients with GDM with home quarantine during public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a non-geodesic cyclic evolution scheme to produce and measure the geometric phase in an S U (3) interferometer. In contrast to those existing schemes, we let U(2)-invariant states evolve in the parameter space non-geodetically. During the evolution, the geometric phase shift accumulated, at the same time the dynamical phase can be cancelled when the evolution path is appropriately designed. We note that our scheme can be conveniently extended to the S U( N) case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-luminous efficacy green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with InGaN/GaN quasi-superlattice (QSL) interlayer and Al-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) current spreading film have been demonstrated. The photoluminescence mapping results revealed that the 2-inch green LED wafer with the QSL interlayer had a longer average peak wavelength as compared to that without the QSL interlayer. In addition, the forward voltage was decreased and the light output power was considerably improved for the green LED chips fabricated from the wafer with the QSL interlayer. Then, an Al-doped ITO film was employed in the green LEDs showing a further improvement in external quantum efficiency. It was mainly ascribed to the increased internal quantum efficiency by analyzing the injection efficiency, light extraction efficiency and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum. Finally, at an injected current of 20 mA, a high luminous efficacy of 264.7 lm/W and peak wavelength of 537.2 nm was achieved for the green LEDs with a chip-on-board silicone encapsulation. We determine that the high luminous efficacy was attributed to the improved electrical and light output performance of the LEDs due to the use of the InGaN/GaN QSL interlayer, the Al-doped ITO and the chip packaging structure. • Luminous efficacy above 260 lm/W for 540 nm green LEDs is demonstrated. • The QSL interlayer reduces non-radiative recombination and enhances hole injection. • The Al-doped ITO film improves the current spreading ability of the green LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial neuropathology, the discovery of multi-targeted inhibitors has gradually demonstrated greater therapeutic potential. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the main neuropathologic hallmarks of AD, are mainly associated with hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau. The overexpression of GSK3β and DYRK1A has been recognized as an important contributor to hyperphosphorylation of Tau, leading to the strategy of using dual-targets inhibitors for the treatment of this disorder. ZDWX-12 and ZDWX-25, as harmine derivatives, were found good inhibition on dual targets in our previous study. Here, we firstly evaluated the inhibition effect of Tau hyperphosphorylation using two compounds by HEK293-Tau P301L cell-based model and okadaic acid (OKA)-induced mouse model. We found that ZDWX-25 was more effective than ZDWX-12. Then, based on comprehensively investigations on ZDWX-25 in vitro and in vivo, 1) the capability of ZDWX-25 to show a reduction in phosphorylation of multiple Tau epitopes in OKA-induced neurodegeneration cell models, and 2) the effect of reduction on NFTs by 3xTg-AD mouse model under administration of ZDWX-25, an orally bioavailable, brain-penetrant dual-targets inhibitor with low toxicity. Our data highlight that ZDWX-25 is a promising drug for treating AD. • The effects of ZDWX-25 had been investigated for the first time in several models of Tau hyperphosphorylation. • ZDWX-25 reduced the formation of NFTs in 3×Tg AD mice and thus improving cognitive function in model AD mice. • ZDWX-25 had good BBB permeability, good PK properties and low toxic effects, and it was a promising anti-AD drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The subtropical forest has a high water conservation capacity. • High spatial-temporal differentiations in water use of co-occurring canopy trees. • Trees of similar ages showed interspecific competition for water under drought. • Large and middle-sized trees depended on water from both shallow and deep soil layers. • Seedlings relied on soil water from shallow depths all the time. Southern China houses the largest subtropical broadleaf forest in the world, with abundant rainfall brought by the Pacific and Indian monsoons. As the intensity and frequency of drought are increasing, understanding the water use patterns of co-occurring trees is a key issue for predicting the response of these subtropical forests. The water uptake depths and water use-related leaf traits of three dominant canopy tree species at different ages (DBH) were investigated in a subtropical forest (2018–2019). We found that the δ 2H and δ 18O of various water pools, such as fog, soil, stream, lake, and groundwater, plotted almost entirely on the local meteoric water lines (2018: y = 8.2x +11.5; 2019: y = 8.1x +10.4). This result suggested that water bodies within the forest experienced minor evaporation. An interspecific partitioning of water acquisition was detected among tree species of similar ages in 2018 (a regular year), but they tapped soil water from similar depths after experiencing drought event in 2019. Most large (DBH > 50 cm) and middle-sized (15 cm < DBH < 30 cm) trees switched their major water sources from shallow (2018) to deep (2019) soil layers, whereas the seedlings (DBH < 2 cm) relied on shallow soil water during the study periods. The water use patterns of different trees were related to the leaf-level intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE i) and specific leaf area (SLA). The spatial-temporal differentiation of water use in regular years can facilitate plant co-existence among the canopy trees, but the interspecific competition for similar water sources in drought years may increase the risk of tree dieback in the subtropical forests. These fingdings provide a mechanistic explanation for the high diversity of subtropical forests in China from the perspective of differentiation in plant water use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel method for preparing iron enriched yeast using siderophores from high iron environment microorganisms was optimized. • The iron enrichment of S-iron-enriched yeast increased approximately twice that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. • Our rat experiment suggests that the S-iron-enriched yeast may be applied as supplementation or food fortification. • The strategy used in this work provides a new perspective for preparation of organic trace elements including zinc and copper. Efforts to obtain organic trace elements have been made, including yeast enrichment and transformation, but the application of yeast for this purpose is restricted by poor tolerance and low enrichment. Siderophores play an important role in iron transport. Thus, the role of siderophores in iron transport under high-iron conditions and the application of siderophores in the enrichment of elements was explored. The results showed that some siderophores from iron-tolerant strains promoted yeast growth and increased its intracellular iron content. Among them, siderophore TZT-12 (from LK1110) was the best for promoting yeast growth and iron conversion. The siderophore-iron-enriched yeast (S-iron-enriched yeast) effectively restored the iron concentration, and an iron concentration of 59.40 mg/g was obtained by adding TZT-12. Iron deficiency anemia in rats was significantly mitigated with S-iron-enriched yeast compared with ferrous sulfate. These findings provide a new perspective on the preparation of organic trace elements for supplementation or food fortification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]