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Renowned for their role in haemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are also increasingly recognized for their contribution in innate immunity, immunothrombosis and inflammatory diseases. Platelets express a wide range of receptors, which allows them to reach a variety of activation endpoints and grants them immunomodulatory functions. Activated platelets release extracellular vesicles (PEVs), whose formation and molecular cargo has been shown to depend on receptor‐mediated activation and environmental cues. This study compared the immunomodulatory profiles of PEVs generated via activation of platelets by different receptors, glycoprotein VI, C‐type lectin‐like receptor 2 and combining all thrombin‐collagen receptors. Functional assays in vivo in zebrafish and in vitro in human macrophages highlighted distinct homing and secretory responses triggered by the PEVs. In contrast, omics analyses of protein and miRNA cargo combined with physicochemical particle characterization found only subtle differences between the activated PEV types, which were insufficient to predict their different immunomodulatory functions. In contrast, constitutively released PEVs, formed in the absence of an exogenous activator, displayed a distinct immunomodulatory profile from the receptor‐induced PEVs. Our findings underscore that PEVs are tunable through receptor‐mediated activation. To truly comprehend their role(s) in mediating platelet functions among immune cells, conducting functional assays is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite recent increases in institutional efforts to improve sexual health safety, few studies have explored Latino college men’s sexual risk behaviors. Considering prior research examining links between sexual risk behaviors and factors such as condom use self-efficacy, sexual health knowledge and education, and sexual empowerment, it is critical to examine their influence on Latino college men’s sexual health in the context of cultural values and sexual scripts. Quantitative cross-sectional design and linear regression models were utilized to analyze responses from 177 Latino college men attending a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) in the Southeastern region of the United States (U.S.). Our findings revealed that higher satisfaction with sexual health knowledge and education when obtained from informal sources such as family members and peers significantly increased condom use self-efficacy. Contrastingly, greater levels of sexual empowerment significantly decreased Latino college men’s condom use self-efficacy. Findings underline the importance of considering the dynamic interaction of multilevel factors and the sexual decision-making process from a developmentally appropriate, evidence-based, and culturally syntonic lens to address sexual risk behaviors among Latino college men students.“Sexual health knowledge and education obtained from informal sources play a significant role in increasing Latino college men student’s condom use self-efficacy, in contrast to the effect shown by factors like sexual empowerment. Hence, approaching Latino sexual health from a culturally syntonic lens is essential in preventing sexual risky behaviors at a critical developmental stage.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines medical students reported attitudes about their current medical training experiences and desired knowledge about lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health issues within India. Members of a medical college in the state of Karnataka, India, were recruited to complete a questionnaire examining perspectives about medical students in India and their knowledge, education, and training, specifically on LGBTQ individuals. This study included open-ended questions focused on the perspectives of medical students in India and their knowledge, education, and training, specifically on LGBTQ individuals. A total of 198 participants in different medical-related classes ages 19-35 completed the open-ended questions about their perceptions of current medical training focused on LGBTQ patients. Most participants reported the need for education and training related to LGBTQ sexual minorities. It was also suggested by the participants that education has to start with the training of professors in the field and the necessity to stop stigmas related to this community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review updates the different categories and formulations of the calculation of longshore sediment transport (LST) and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages. Most of these methodologies require calibration for areas different from those studied by their authors. Thus, a method of validation and calibration is presented here by processing satellite images with CoastSat software (release v 2.7) to determine accretion and erosion volumes. This low-cost methodology was applied to Salaverry Beach (Peru) to compare the results of the different formulations. A range of variation between −96% and +68% was observed concerning the error, with van Rijn's formula being the most accurate for this particular case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research field of Learning Design (LD) has been active for some time now, but several questions remain open for the scientific community. In particular, the article tackles issues that have been core concerns in LD over the years: (1) how to support the different phases of the LD process; (2) what representations should be used in the various steps; and (3) to what extent should digital LD tools be structured or flexible, either guiding the teacher/designer or leaving them free to pursue their own design path and style. The authors investigated these open questions through an LD tool called the Pedagogical Planner. This tool has been evaluated in authentic contexts with the goal of providing input for the ongoing debate. Evaluation has focused on the perceptions and actual usage by teachers, generating significant evaluative data to be used as a spur for further reflection on LD.

In the framework of the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, the U.S. LARP collaboration and CERN are jointly developing a 150 mm aperture Nb3Sn quadrupole for the LHC interaction regions. Due to the large stored energy density and the low copper stabilizer section, the quench protection of these magnets is particularly challenging, relying on a combination of quench heaters attached to the coil surface and coupling loss induced quench (CLIQ) units electrically connected to the coils. This paper summarizes the performance of the quench heater strips in different configurations relevant to machine operation. The analysis is focused on the inner layer quench heaters, where several heater strips failed during powering tests. Failure modes are discussed in order to address the technology issues and provide guidance for future tests.

As part of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Project, a set of Nb3Snquadrupoles are being developed, aiming to enhance the performance of the inner triplets. The new magnets, identified as MQXFA and MQXFB, will share the same cross section with two different lengths, 4.2 and 7.2 m, respectively. During the magnet development, three short models were tested, along with a number of mechanical models, demonstrating the capability of the magnet cross section to achieve the specified performances. The same performances are now required for the full-length magnets. To ensure this, the authors studied the impact of the magnet length on the capability of the structure to provide an adequate support to the coils. Finite element and simplified analytical models were used to evaluate the impact of the magnet length on the stresses in the magnet ends and coil elongation during powering. The models were calibrated using the results from the short model tests, and used to provide an indication on the required prestress and its foreseen impact on the magnet performance.

A next step of energy increase of hadron colliders beyond the LHC requires high-field superconducting magnets capable of providing a dipolar field in the range of 16 T in a 50-mm aperture with accelerator quality. These characteristics could meet the requirements for an upgrade of the LHC to twice the present beam energy or for a 100-TeV center of mass energy future circular collider. This paper summarizes the activities and plans for the development of these magnets, in particular within the 16 T Magnet Technology Program, the WP5 of the EuroCirCol, and the U.S. Magnet Development Program.

The development of Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets for the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade is a joint venture between the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP)∗ and CERN with the goal of fabricating large aperture quadrupoles for the LHC interaction regions (IR). The inner triplet (low-β) NbTi quadrupoles in the IR will be replaced by the stronger Nb3Sn magnets boosting the LHC program of having 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity after the foreseen upgrades. Previously, LARP conducted successful tests of short and long models with up to 120 mm aperture. The first short 150 mm aperture quadrupole model MQXFS1 was assembled with coils fabricated by both CERN and LARP. The magnet demonstrated a strong performance at Fermilab's vertical magnet test facility reaching the LHC operating limits. This paper reports the latest results from MQXFS1 tests with changed prestress levels. The overall magnet performance, including quench training and memory, ramp rate, and temperature dependence, is also summarized.

The high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project aims at allowing to increase the collisions in the LHC by a factor of ten in the decade 2025-2035. One essential element is the superconducting magnet around the interaction region points, where the large aperture magnets will be installed to allow to further reduce the beam size in the interaction point. The core of this upgrade is the Nb3Sn triplet, made up of 150-mm aperture quadrupoles in the range of 7-8 m. The project is being shared between the European Organization for Nuclear Research and the US Accelerator Upgrade Program, based on the same design, and on the two strand technologies. The project is ending the short model phase, and entering the prototype construction. We will report on the main results of the short model program, including the quench performance and field quality. A second important element is the 11 T dipole that replaces a standard dipole making space for additional collimators. The magnet is also ending the model development and entering the prototype phase. A critical point in the design of this magnet is the large current density, allowing increase of the field from 8 to 11 T with the same coil cross section as in the LHC dipoles. This is also the first two-in-one Nb3Sn magnet developed so far. We will report the main results on the test and the critical aspects.

The LHC accelerator research program (LARP), in collaboration with CERN and under the scope of the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, is in the prototyping stage in the development of a 150 mm aperture high-field Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet called MQXF. This magnet is mechanically supported using a shell-based support structure, which has been extensively demonstrated on several R&D models within LARP, as well as in the more recent short (1.2 m magnetic length) MQXF model program. The MQXFA magnets are each 4.2 m magnetic length, and the first mechanical long model, MQXFA1M (using aluminum surrogate coils), and MQXFAP1 prototype magnet (the first prototype with Nb3Sn coils) have been assembled at the LBNL. In this paper, we summarize the tooling and the assembly processes, and discuss the mechanical performance of these first two assemblies, comparing strain gauge data with finite element model analysis, as well as the near-term plans for the long MQXF magnet program.