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The influence of solvent evaporation rate, in the dry-casting process, on crystallinity and morphology of crystallizable polymeric membrane was studied. Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) was taken as an example. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). By controlling the solvent evaporation rate, samples with various crystallinities were prepared. From higher to lower crystallinity the membranes exhibit three types of surface morphology in sequence: granule, stripe and smooth.

Supercritical water (SCW) has been employed as an efficient activating agent for the preparation of activated carbon microspheres (P-ACS) with developed mesopores from phenolic-resin. Several processing factors that influenced the activation reaction, including activation temperature, activation duration, supercritical pressure and water flow rate were investigated. Increasing activation temperature and duration lead to larger porosity and higher specific surface area as demonstrated in the samples. Supercritical pressure change has little effect on the activation; however, there are indications that a slight increase in mesoporosity can be obtained when the pressure was raised to 36 MPa or higher. Higher water flow rate slightly enhanced the development of microporosity but had little effect on the mesoporosity. Compared with the traditional steam activation, SCW activation can produce P-ACS with more mesoporosity and higher mechanical strength.

This study reports a Li–S battery cathode of high volumetric capacity enabled by novel micro- and mesostructuring. The cathode is based on monodisperse highly porous carbon nanospheres derived from a facile template- and surfactant-free method. At the mesoscale, the nanospheres structure into interconnected close-packed clusters of a few microns in extent, thus facilitating the fabrication of dense crack-free high areal sulfur loading (5 mg cm−2) cathodes with high electrical conductivity and low cathode impedance. A combination of the nitrogen doping (5 wt%), high porosity (2.3 cm3 g−1), and surface area (2900 m2 g−1) at the microscale enables high sulfur immobilization and utilization. The cathode delivers among the best reported volumetric capacity to date, above typical Li-ion areal capacity at 0.2 C over 200 cycles and low capacity fading of 0.1% per cycle at 0.5 C over 500 cycles. The compact cathode structure also ensures a low electrolyte requirement (6 µL mg−1), which aids a low overall cell weight, and further, among the best gravimetric capacities published to date as well. C.H. acknowledges a Postdoctoral Fellowship provided by Loughborough University. Dr. Zhaoxia Zhou at Loughborough Materials Characterization Centre, Loughborough University is gratefully acknowledged for assistance with the TEM work. Q.C. gratefully acknowledges the support by the EPSRC program EP/M027066/1.

The simulation system design is proposed for global vision robot-fish and autonomous robot-fish, to satisfy the actual need of underwater bionic robot-fish research and the robot-fish water-polo-game. The system design is put forward originally that concludes a semi-physical simulation model with a 3 layer structure and 2 UDP/IP communications. The simulation system uses the architecture of Client/Server and the centralization simulation model combined with distribution simulation model on the base of the Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio (MRDS), and has irreplaceable advantages, especially for the development of underwater multi-robot-fish cooperation.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) associated apoptosis can be primarily attributed to some early proteins, such as E2, E5, E6, E7, and so on. Though these proteins have a low molecular size, they are capable to interact with a series of host cellular regulation proteins to induce or inhibit apoptosis. The oncoproteins E6 can inhibit the apoptosis mainly through p53 pathway. The E5 protein can protect cells from tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis. The protein E2 protein have regulatory functions in viral transcription and induction of apoptosis. The oncoprotein E7 plays the role in both apoptosis activation and inhibition. In addition, the HPV full-length E2 proteins involve in activating or repressing the transcription of E6/E7, so as to regulating the apoptosis caused by E6 and E7. We search major databases (such as Elsevier) with the following selection criteria: HPV, early protein, apoptosis. In this review, we summary the literature related with E2, E5, E6, and E7 proteins, and describe the regulatory principles and specific mechanism by which HPV early proteins can interfere with apoptosis and trigger gynaecopathias for women.

Hydrogen production using solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOECs) has attracted increasing research attention as it may provide a cost-effective and green route to hydrogen generation especially when coupled to a source of renewable or nuclear energy. Developing control strategies for the SOEC stack to respond to changes or disturbances that may occur during its operation is necessary to support the development and demonstration of this technology. A one-dimensional (1D) dynamic model of a planar SOEC stack developed at Imperial College has been employed to study optimal control strategies. In this paper, some preliminary results are reported for two control strategies during a change of operating regime - maximizing hydrogen production and minimizing electrical energy consumption. The results offer optimal control policies for the chosen situations and provide a good starting point for identifying the optimal control strategy in practical operation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Abstrac t—This paper presents a method reconstructing 3-d image structures with data collected from double optical paths microscopy. A color image gathered is divided into two monochromatic images which respectively represent right and left vision data by color filter. Then the image structures are extracted by median filter and calculated with Sobel operator or Canny operator. Pixels between the right and left images are corresponded by stereo matching. Finally 3-d real-time reconstruction of micro image is realized. Keywords-Binocular vision, 3-d reconstruction, Stereo matching It is normal that date is extracted by single CCD, observed by binocular naked eyes in the microscope application. Researchers search those stereo reconstruction methods based on this application. References (1) derives a precise expression for the bias in the depth estimate, based on the continuous (differentiable) version of structure from motion (SfM),How monocular image cues can be combined with triangulation cues to build a photo-realistic model of a scene given only a few images-even ones taken from very different viewpoints or with little overlap is shown in references (2). Geometric optimization-based algorithms for simultaneous 3-D shape (depth) and motion (linear and angular velocities) recovery that minimizes the squared distance between the observed and predicted optical flow measurements is shown in reference (3).A comparison of Three 3-D Facial Reconstruction Approaches is given in the literature (4). Those data which is kept by computer is all two dimensional data. Consequently, the formed stereo is stereo model. Those applications which is currently less used in the microscope application instantly and simultaneously is collected by double optical paths, allocate double path is applied to collect two CCD from left-right eyepiece, form static images which are 2 paths with different visual. Two static images are colored synthesizd(5) diff erent visual images can be formed by double color ocular, stereo synthesis by human brain can be formed. But how to make the image in computer match with the image by observer's brain, this is the focus point of this research. Human's visual habit is taken into consideration, the original information from 2 optical path branches is obtained instantly and operators are apperceived the stereo micro- object storage directly in the computer by their eyes, the real "what you saw is what you get" is realized, characteristics of all kinds of samples can be picked out and reappear the configuration of stereo object. This research can be considered as it realizes the original stereo is obtained simultaneously and afterwards analysis. Consequently, this image analysis system is more suitable in samples' collection and analysis of biology and medical science fields. Any object's stereo profile can be confirmed by using of isolated optical path's digitalized 3-d reconstruction system of 3-d micro information, and 3-d coordinate can be obtained at any point. II. TECHNICA L SPECI FICATION For the collected double optical path images is separated into two left-right optical paths images, edge line of construction can be manifested by every extracted image, and then left-right light is synthesized into new 3-d construction to realize stereo reconstruction. A. Color Isolation Original color image P is Y X  i mage which is obtained by computer in 2-d coordinate, )

This paper proposed an edge detection algorithm for images captured by Binocular Microscope. An image is divided into two monochromatic images with red and blue channel first. Then the monochromatic images are subtracted background, denoised by median filter, detected edges by Sobel operator and thinned by morphological algorithm. Finally edge of red-channel and blue-channel monochromatic images is realized.

In the title complex, [Co(C15H12N3O4)2Cl(C6H7N)], the CoIII ion is coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms from two deprotonated Schiff base ligands, one N atom from a 4-methylpyridine ligand and one Cl atom, forming a distorted octahedral geometry. The CoIII ion is displaced by 0.038 (2) Å from the equatorial plane towards the axial Cl atom.

Keloids are common abnormal raised fibroproliferative lesions that can occur following even minor cutaneous trauma. There is strong evidence suggesting a genetic susceptibility in individuals affected by keloids including familial heritability, common occurrence in twins, and high prevalence in certain ethnic populations. Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) have been proposed to modulate the immune response to keloids. HLA class II molecules are critical to the development of CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses through their role in antigen presentation. No report has been published on HLA-DRB1 association with keloids in Chinese Han individuals. To investigate the etiology of keloids, the polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer method was used to analyze the distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles in 192 patients with keloids and 273 healthy control individuals. Controls were matched by sex, age, and race. The HLA-DRB1*15 allele [19.01% vs 12.09%, odds ratio(OR) = 2.10, Pc = 0.024] was significantly more prevalent among keloid patients than healthy controls, whereas the frequency of the HLA-DRB1*03 allele (1.04% vs 4.95%, OR = 0.19, Pc = 0.022) was lower among keloid patients. Furthermore, through stratified analysis, we found that the HLA-DRB1*15 allele is related to the multiple-site group, severe group, and family history of keloids. This study supports an association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and susceptibility or resistance to keloids in Chinese Han individuals. The association of certain HLA alleles with susceptibility or resistance to keloids provides clues to choosing proper preventive strategies against keloid disease.

To assess roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.(1) Expression of Prox1, a newly described lymphatic endothelial cell nucleus marker, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C, PDGF-D were detected by RT-PCR in SKOV3 cell line and in 90 ovarian tissue samples, included 15 benign tumors, 10 borderline tumors, 45 malignant tumors and 20 normal ovarian samples. (2) Expression levels of Prox1, VEGF-A, -C, -D and PDGF-A, -B, -C, -D were detected in 90 ovarian tissue sample mentioned above by real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR).(1) Prox1 was expressed in ovarian samples mentioned above, while not detected in SKOV3 cell. VEGF-A, -C, -D and PDGF-A, -B, -C, -D were found in SKOV3 cell and various ovarian tissues. (2) Expression levels of Prox1 (2.2 +/- 1.3, P0.01), VEGF-A (3.5 +/- 1.5, P0.01), VEGF-C (19 +/- 14, P0.01), VEGF-D (3.0 +/- 1.8, P0.01) and PDGF-A (3.3 +/- 3.3, P0.05), PDGF-C (6.9 +/- 4.6, P0.01) in malignant group were found to be significantly higher than those in borderline group and benign group. (3) The expression levels of Prox1, VEGF-A and PDGF-A were significantly greater in samples from the patients with lymph node metastasis (Prox1: 3.0 +/- 1.4, VEGF-A: 4.1 +/- 1.7, PDGF-A: 4.9 +/- 4.1), peritoneum metastasis (Prox1: 2.8 +/- 0.9, VEGF-A: 4.0 +/- 1.8, PDGF-A: 4.5 +/- 4.0) and in stage III - IV (Prox1: 2.6 +/- 1.3, VEGF-A: 4.0 +/- 1.4, PDGF-A: 4.1 +/- 3.7) than those without lymph node metastasis, without peritoneum metastasis and in stage I - II. There was a significant increased in the degree of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression in positive lymph node metastasis group (VEGF-C: 24 +/- 13, VEGF-D: 3.9 +/- 2.0) compared with negative group (P0.05). (4) There were significant positive correlations between the expression levels of Prox1 and VEGF-D (r = 0.62, P0.01), PDGF-C (r = 0.91, P0.01) or PDGF-D (r = 0.61, P0.01).VEGF-A, VEGF-C and PDGF-A may promote lymphatic metastasis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma through else mechanisms other than lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-D may facilitate lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer. There is no significant correlation between the expression of PDGF-B and lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. PCGF-C and PDGF-D may motivate lymphangiogenesis, but could not participate in lymph node metastasis in ovarian carcinoma.

Multi-core architectures require Dynamic Thermal Management mechanisms (DTM) to handle (1) multiple hotspots and (2) global chip heating effect while finding the best trade-off between performance and thermal control. In that scenario Thin-Film Thermoelectric Cooling devices can be used to mitigate both effects since they provide on-die localized cooling with a dynamic and heterogeneous effect. This work proposes controlling TFTECs from the microarchitecture for an enhanced Dynamic Thermal Management in multi-core architectures. We show that by using our TFTEC-based proposals the performance is within 8% of that of a thermally-unconstrained processor.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The exact pathogenesis of SLE is still unknown. Recently, several genome-wide association studies (GWA) in European population have found many novel susceptibility genes for SLE including TNFAIP3. In order to examine whether TNFAIP3 is associated with SLE in Chinese Han population, we genotyped one of its non-synonymous mutation SNP rs2230926, showing significant association evidence with SLE in European population, with 1,420 cases and 4,461 controls of Chinese Han by using Sequenom MassArray system. Highly significant association between SNP rs2230926 and SLE of Chinese Han was detected [OR = 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.392-1.986, P = 2.03 x 10(-8)]. Interestingly, rs2230926 of TNFAIP3 was also associated with arthritis, ANA and some other subphenotypes of the disease. Our findings suggest that SNP rs2230926 in the TNFAIP3 might be a common genetic factor for SLE within different populations in terms of Chinese Han and European population.

Keloids are benign fibroproliferative dermal tumors of unknown etiology. Some studies have suggested that human HLA status might potentiate development of keloids phenotype. No report has been published about HLA class I alleles associated with keloids in Chinese Han individuals. To investigate the etiology of keloids, the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method was used to analyze the distribution of HLA class I alleles in 192 patients with keloids and 252 healthy controls in a Chinese Han population. The frequencies of HLA-A*03 (6.77% vs 0%, p(c)10(-7)), A*25 (10.16% vs 4.56%, p(c) = 0.0111), B*07 (7.81% vs 2.58%, p(c) = 0.0080), and Cw*0802 (19.79% vs 10.32%, p(c) = 0.0004) were significantly increased in keloid patients, whereas the frequency of HLA-A*01 (18.75% vs 38.10%, p(c)10(-7)) was highly decreased, compared with that in healthy controls. The A*03-B*07, A*25-B*07, A*03-Cw*0802, A*25-Cw*0802, and B*07-Cw*0802 were found as high-risk haplotypes in developing keloids in this study. No extended haplotype was found to be significantly related to keloids. Through stratified analysis, the association of subgroups (single site/multiple site, severity, and family history) of keloid patients with specific HLA alleles was identified. Our data suggest these alleles may be keloids susceptibility genes or may be in close linkage with the susceptibility genes.

We present a novel mechanism, called meeting point thread characterization, to dynamically detect critical threads in a parallel region. We define the critical thread the one with the longest completion time in the parallel region. Knowing the criticality of each thread has many potential applications. In this work, we propose two applications: thread delaying for multi-core systems and thread balancing for simultaneous multi-threaded (SMT) cores. Thread delaying saves energy consumptions by running the core containing the critical thread at maximum frequency while scaling down the frequency and voltage of the cores containing non-critical threads. Thread balancing improves overall performance by giving higher priority to the critical thread in the issue queue of an SMT core. Our experiments on a detailed microprocessor simulator with the Recognition, Mining, and Synthesis applications from Intel research laboratory reveal that thread delaying can achieve energy savings up to more than 40% with negligible performance loss. Thread balancing can improve performance from 1% to 20%.

Summary Background Some studies have suggested that human HLA status might potentiate development of keloids phenotype, and exists ethnic differences. No report has been published about HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles associated with keloids in Chinese Hans. Objectives To investigate whether HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles are associated with genetic susceptibility to keloids in Chinese Hans. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method was used to analyze the distribution of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles among 192 patients with keloids and 273 healthy controls in Chinese Hans. Results (1) The frequencies of HLA-DQA1*0104, DQB1*0501 and DQB1*0503 (OR = 2.13, P c = 0.0063; OR = 14.42, P c −7 and OR = 6.09, P c −7 , respectively) were significantly higher, while the frequencies of DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201 and DQB1*0402 (OR = 0.46, P c = 0.0099; OR = 0.24, P c −4 and OR = 0.10, P c = 0.0054, respectively) were lower in patients than in controls. (2) In this study significant susceptibility haplotypes to keloids were DQA1*0104–DQB1*0501 and DQA1*0104–DQB1*0503. (3) HLA-DQB1*0501 and DQB1*0503 were positively associated with all subgroups of keloid patients. However, the DQA1*0104 (OR = 2.51, P c = 0.0009; OR = 2.22, P c = 0.0090 and OR = 2.20, P c = 0.0117, respectively) was only prevalent in keloid patients with single site, moderate severity and negative family history. (4) HLA-DQB1*0201 (OR = 0.27, P c = 0.0018 and OR = 0.27, P c = 0.0012, respectively) and DQB1*0402 (OR = 0.07, P c = 0.0270 and OR = 0.07, P c = 0.0306, respectively) were negatively associated with moderate severity and negative family history in keloids, moreover, HLA-DQB1*0201 (OR = 0.23, P c = 0.0003) and DQA1*0501 (OR = 0.43, P c = 0.0234) were less prevalent in patients with single site. Conclusion This study demonstrated the positive association of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles and haplotypes with keloids.

This work proposes Thread Fusion as an effective way of reducing power consumption when a Simultaneous Multi-Threaded (SMT) core is executing two threads from a homogeneous parallel application. Two dynamic instances of the same static instruction, each from a different thread are merged (fused) into a single instruction, consuming half of the resources of front-end pipeline stages. When the fused instruction is executed, it is cloned and it proceeds at full bandwidth. Our simulation results show average energy reduction of 10% with less than 1% impact on performance.

The pore size distribution (PSD) and the pore-network connectivity of a porous material determine its properties in applications such as gas storage, adsorptive separations, and catalysis. Methods for the characterization of the pore structure of porous carbons are widely used, but the relationship between the structural parameters measured and the real structure of the material is not yet clear. We have evaluated two widely used and powerful characterization methods based on adsorption measurements by applying the methods to a model carbon which captures the essential characteristics of real carbons but (unlike a real material) has a structure that is completely known. We used three species (CH, CF, and SF) as adsorptives and analyzed the results using an intersecting capillaries model (ICM) which was modeled using a combination of Monte Carlo simulation and percolation theory to obtain the PSD and the pore-network connectivity. There was broad agreement between the PSDs measured using the ICM and the geometric PSD of the model carbon, as well as some systematic differences which are interpreted in terms of the pore structure of the carbon. The measured PSD and connectivity are shown to be able to predict adsorption in the model carbon, supporting the use of the ICM to characterize real porous carbons. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

The intersecting capillaries model (ICM), combined with the Monte Carlo simulation approach, was applied to characterize a computer-generated microporous "model carbon" with known structure, in order to evaluate the realism of this characterization method. The "partial" PSDs for three species (CH, CF and SF) were obtained by comparing the Monte Carlo simulated isotherms in the slit pores of the ICM with the isotherms generated from the model carbon. There is good agreement between model carbon-generated isotherms and the isotherms predicted based on the overall PSDs (by combining the partial PSDs). The overall PSD agree well with the real PSD of the model carbon in their dominant pore size range. These results support the validity and the realism of this characterization method for the characterization of porous carbons. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This chapter outlines an absolute assessment process based on molecular simulation. This process is a useful tool in determining the correctness or methods, and the consistency and meaningfulness of quantities. These capabilities are demonstrated by application of the absolute assessment process to methods for determining the pore size distribution, mean coordination number of the pore network, and the fractal dimension. The assessment shows that the pore size distribution is another way of presenting the energy distribution, and that the concept of “pore size” is only weakly linked to actual pore size. It also reveals that while the only method currently available for determining the mean coordination number of microporous solids yield a quantity with meaning, it does not relate to the coordination number relevant to transport in the pore network, which is substantially higher.

To evaluate the influence of bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AODN) on reversing cisplatin (DDP) resistance in ovarian carcinoma cell lines.In the experiment groups, cisplatin resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780/DDP cells were treated with cisplatin after oligodeoxynucleotides were transfected by lipofectamine. Cell proliferation was determined by counting the number of the cells continuously for six days. The expression level of bcl-2 mRNA was detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein was tested by immunofluorescence technique. The apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell lines was measured by DNA ladder assay. The inhibitory rate of cells was detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The cells treated with culture media were used as the negative control, and the untreated cells were used as the blank.The proliferation of AODN transfected cells was inhibited significantly compared with that in the control groups, and the logarithmic growth delayed for 24h. The expression of bcl-2 mRNA and bcl-2 protein in AODN transfected cells was 0.76 +/- 0.01 and 171.3 +/- 3.1 respectively. Compared with the expression of bcl-2 mRNA 1.56 +/- 0.03 and bcl-2 protein 105.3 +/- 1.7 in the blank, the difference was significant (P0.01), but compared with the same concentration of sense oligodeoxynucleotides (SODN) or random-oligodeoxynucleotides (RODN) transfected cells, the difference was not significant (P0.05). The AODN transfected cells were sensitive to DDP again, and the inhibitory rate was (97.49 +/- 1.00)%, which was higher than that of the negative control (P0.01). In the cells treated with 16 microg/ml AODN for 72 h followed by DDP, DNA ladder was obviously observed with agarose gel electrophoresis, but in the RODN and SODN transfected cells, DNA ladder could not be seen.Through inhibiting the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and protein and increasing the apoptosis, AODN can reverse the resistance to cisplatin in ovarian cancer cell line A2780/DDP.

To construct an adenoviral vector in which the fusion gene cytosine and uracil phosphoribosyl (UPP) transferase was directed by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) promoter, and to investigate specific killing effect of the suicide gene system on cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells.Recombinant adenovirus was generated through homologous recombination in bacteria. A2780 and A2780/DDP cells were infected with Ad and then received flucytosine (5-FC) administration. The relative survival of these cells was tested. And a bystander effect was observed by mixing gene-transferred and gene-untransferred A2780/DDP cells with 5-FC.In vitro, when MOI was 100 and 5-FC was 250 micro g/ml, relative survival rate of A2780/DDP cells was only (3.6 +/- 1.0)%; that of A2780 cells was (76.5 +/- 2.8)%. Significant bystander effect was caused by CD-UPP gene and 20% gene-transferred A2780/DDP cells induced 80.3% of total cells to death.Recombinant adenovirus carrying CD-UPP gene driven by GSTP1 promoter has a specific killing effect on cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells.

Biomineralization centers on the idea that organics control the nucleation, growth and final form of inorganics. The present studies investigated the deposition or precipitation of inorganics templated by organic monolayer films, unilamellar phospholipid vesicles, and selfassembled hexadecylamine, with the emphasis on the regulation of template on phase, orientation and microstructure of minerals. The obtained calcium phosphate varied from the thin layer precipitated on the organic monolayer to the confined particles formed inside the lipid vesicles to the mesolamellar structure self-organized in the precursor sol-gel. The typically regulated features of these three systems have been revealed. Consequently, the different phases of calcium phosphate can be obtained through variation of controllable parameters.

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In the title complex, [Co(C(15)H(12)N(3)O(4))(2)Cl(C(6)H(7)N)], the Co(III) ion is coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms from two deprotonated Schiff base ligands, one N atom from a 4-methyl-pyridine ligand and one Cl atom, forming a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Co(III) ion is displaced by 0.038 (2) Å from the equatorial plane towards the axial Cl atom.

Objective: To investigate the technique of labelling 131I-Rituximab and establish an easy, fast and effective method for iodine-labelled antibodies. To detect the stability and immunoactivity of the labelled compound. To study the biological response of B-cell lymphoma cells to 131I-Rituximab. To observe the tissue distribution and the therapeutic effect of 131I-Rituximab in lymphoma tumor borne in nude mice, in order to offer the experimenta ecidence for the next radioimmunotherapy. Methods: Rituximab was labelled with 131I by means of Iodogen method. Detecting the labelling efficiency, radiochemical purity and immunoreactive fraction of 131I-Rituximab at different reaction time. Measuring the changes of radiochemical purity of 131I-Rituximab at different storage conditions(stores at 4°C). Study the biological character of Raji cells by measuring the cytoactivity by Type Blue, the expression of surface antigens by flow cytometry(FCM), The cells were randomized into four groups that were 131I-Rituximab group ARituximab alone A131I alone Ablank group, and its effects on apoptosis and cell cycles of Raji cells were determined by cytometry. Raji cell was inoculated subcutaneously in 35 nude mice. Observe the tissue distribution and the therapeutic effect of 131I-Rituximab in lymphoma tumor borne in nude mice. Nude mice were randomized into six groups while the tumor was 8 mm in diameter. The groups were: high,middle,low dose radioimmunotherapy groups,Rituximab alone,131I alone Ablank group. The size of the tumor was measured per three days and the mice were killed in four weeks after treatment. The tumors were resected and weighed. Results: 1.The labelling efficiency of 131I and Rituximab at 4 minutes reaction time was 90.0%, and the radiochemical purity was 99.4%, the immunoreacive fraction of 131I- Rituximab was 35.6%. The compound was satble,after 24h, the radiochemical purity was 91.0%. 2.The Raji cells had more than 90% of cytoactivity and 98.03% of surface expression of CD20. The apoptosis rate measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI was higher than that in other groups. Cell cycle alteration occurred in 131I-Rituximab group, and the majority of cells were arrested at G2 stage. 3.The tissue distribution indicate that 131I-Rituximab was mainly detected in the tumor. As compared to blank group, therapy groups’ tumor growth was inhibited and the inhibition was does and time dependent. The pathological results show that the therapy is effective. Conclusion: The labelling method-Iodogen method proved to be effective as the labeling rate was high, the compound was stable, immunoreactive to Raji cells. According to our research, the optimal reaction time for labelling Rituximab with Na131I is 4 minutes. the labelling efficiency(90.0%), radiochemical purity(98.4%) and immunoactivity were all high very much, and can be obtained for intraurmor injection at animal tests. 131I-Rituximab can regulate the cycle of Raji cells and induce their apoptosis to inhibit their proliferation. The results indicate that the radioimmunological drug made from anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and 131I can specifically localise in tumor tissue and ensure radioimmunological targeting therapy, so it has underlying clinical value.

The effect of the pore wall model on the self-diffusion coefficient and transport diffusivity predicted for methane in graphitic slit pores by equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) and non-equilibrium MD (NEMD) is investigated. Three pore wall models are compared--a structured wall and a smooth (specular) wall, both with a thermostat applied to the fluid to maintain the desired temperature, and a structured wall combined with the diffuse thermalizing scattering algorithm of MacElroy and Boyle (Chem. Eng. J., 1999, 74, 85). Pore sizes ranging between 7 and 35 angstroms and five pressures in the range of 1-40 bar are considered. The diffuse thermalizing wall yields incorrect self-diffusion coefficients and transport diffusivities for the graphitic slit pore model and should not be used. Surprisingly, the smooth specular wall gives self-diffusion coefficients inline with those obtained using the structured wall, indicating that this computationally much faster wall can be used for studying this phenomenon provided the fluid-wall interactions are somewhat weaker than the fluid-fluid interactions. The structured wall is required, however, if the transport diffusivity is of interest.

The present work was designed to examine the interaction of collagen/calcium phosphate during the initial mineralization process. Circular dichroism analysis was performed to investigate the conformation change of collagen during the initial process. An ultraviolet photometer was used for turbidity measurements in situ to study the kinetic process of mineralization. It was revealed for the first time that during the initial mineralization process the collagen conformation changed markedly while amorphous/crystalline conversion and crystal ripening occurred. The mechanism for the conformation change was discussed based on the experimental results. The conformation change of the organic matrix may be a widespread phenomenon in biomineralization systems in the living body.