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A new verification technique with real time simulation and post processing simulation is proposed. It aims to reduce the time for verification, simulation time as well as time for debugging. This approach will give more advantage if simulate for a large scale design since no checking process is involved during real time simulation and hence will consumes less time to simulate. Resimulation on the design itself to reproduce waveform for validation which will consume more time can be avoided. During real time simulation, UVM testbench is mainly used to obtain the inputs driven into DUT and output received from DUT by introducing eight different inputs of plaintext and globalkey into sequence. After real time simulation is completed, post processing simulation is started with the tracker extracts the inputs from input monitor and outputs from output monitor. The inputs extracted from input monitor are sent into lookup table to search for reference output. A comparison between reference output from lookup table and output extracted from output monitor is performed. The simulation results are analyzed to evaluate whether the aims can be achieved or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of railway in Malaysia has encounter tremendous controversial issues in past three decades and it has been an unwaveringly upsetting the escalation of the National Planning on infrastructure development. Large investment on the allocated by the Government Development Budget of Malaysia has been gradually revised to achieved to cost efficiency of the infrastructure delivery. Recent light events highlighted, there are issues on the minimizing the rail construction costing, but in return the cost efficiency hasn't been achieved even by minimizing the cost. Understandably, that minimizing the cost was not the only way to attained the wise government expenditure. The thorough exploration on the electrified railway network construction elements shall be implemented to understand the landscape of cost distribution in each elements and investigate on which elements shall be worth to spend on the railway financial planning. Therefore, this research has indicated to investigate the cost implications in between three electrified railway network construction elements in Malaysia. Using three case studies and fieldwork observation, the data has been obtained and recorded. Later, the data been analyses according to Elemental Railway Analysis features and findings were presented. The proven scenario where the element of System (SYS) has the leading cost implication towards the railway network construction in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zerbattiya is one of the remote areas in Iraq that have retained their old generation stations and networks despite their expansion. As the rehabilitation of these stations and networks is extremely costly, supplying renewable energy sources to these regions is reasonable. The problem in Zerbattiya is that electricity supply comprises 75% of the total energy load. In this regard, we propose the use of a hybrid system using renewable energy with the national grid as a means of compensating for power supply shortage. The proposed system composed of grid, wind turbines, solar panels, converters, batteries, and auxiliary tools. The most optimal system configuration was determined with HOMER. Meanwhile, the average life expectancy of the proposed system is 20 years. Three on-grid scenarios were considered for power generation. The most suitable system was determined in WT-grid hybrid systems. The results showed that the NWT, NBT, Nconv, COE, NPC, Operating cost, and IC are 61, 4, 12, 0.0349 US$/KWh, US$1.32 million, 23,982 US$/year, and US$1.05 million respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wearable antenna is antenna that can be worn or integrated into clothing for the purposes of communication, which include navigation and tracking, public safety and mobile computing. In this paper, proposed antenna is designed to operate from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with -10dB return loss bandwidth. It consists of a circular patch and a partial ground plane. This antenna was designed on substrate with overall size of 40 x40mm and dielectric substrate with εr =1.44. The analysis of the structures were carried out using CST Microwave Studio. Simulated results in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth, current distribution, radiation pattern, as well as gain and efficiency are presented to validate the usefulness of the proposed design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a difference type of wavelet transform de-noising technique based on measured lightning electric field. The lightning electric fields captured by two parallel plats sensor and the signal were analyses accordingly. In engineering application, lightning stroke current parameter will relate with electric fields and these parameters can be recognized by direct and in-direct measuring method. Therefore, measuring lightning electric fields (LEF) using parallel plate was done by many researchers. However, measuring LEF has many disturbances such as noise from other apparatus and other device. Therefore, de-noising of LEF signal is important to get useful signal for further research. For this reason, the Centre for Electromagnetic and Lighting Protection Research (CELP) group has been working on a research program to study and characteristic lightning using de-noising technique in order to process and analyse the radiated LEF produced during flash happens. Only three types of wavelet transform are selected and there are Daubechies, Symlets and Coiflets wavelet. The result will be discussed and the best will be selected based on the measured signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was designed to investigate the role of community radio in the practice of democracy among Nigerians with specific attention on the rural dwellers. This study took advantage of establishment of Kakaki Radio in Ondo West Local Government Areas of Ondo State in Nigeria to gather data among the populace. Adopting the quantitative design and the survey method, it gathered data relevant to measuring the influence of community radio programmes on political political participation. The study populations are the Ondo West local Government Areas of Ondo state in Nigeria. According to the record obtained from Independent Electoral Commission (INEC), there are about 172,815 registered voters in Ondo West Local Government. Using the krejcie and Morgan (1970), formula, a sample size of 400 respondents were drawn from the population. The sampling technique used is the multistage, probability sampling procedure. The findings revealed that Kakaki community radio programmes increases their level of political participation through, news, current affairs, commentaries, and phone- in programmes.. There is also connection between frequency of listening to Kakaki community radio programmes and the level of political political participation among residents of Ondo West Local Government Area. The study concluded that community radio plays an important role t in political life of rural community. The findings informed the recommendation from the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio is a fast-emerging technology with many unique attractive features that promotes major advances in wireless communications, networking, radar, imaging, and positioning systems. Here, we propose a microstrip antenna with an ultra-wideband frequency. Because of the round corner of the rectangular slot and partial rectangular patch, the bandwidth of the antenna is enhanced largely. Good agreement between the measurement and simulation has been achieved. To validate the simulation results, prototypes of the proposed antenna are fabricated and tested. Measured results show a good agreement with simulated results. The prototype with overall size of 138 mm × 40 mm achieves good impedance matching, constant gain, and stable radiation patterns. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna reaches up from 600 MHz to 6.0 GHz for S11. Meanwhile, a good omnidirectional radiation performance has also been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently assembly line balancing (ALB) is an ultimate focus issue in manufacturing industries for optimizing both common goals which were the number of workstations and the production rate. Metaheuristic is one of optimization problem-independent technique. This paper focusses on the short review of metaheuristic optimization in solving assembly line balancing problems. Hence, to produce a summary of the review, this paper selects some publications for the past 3 years from year 2016 to 2019. From the review shows the metaheuristic optimization that often used are Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Differential Evaluation (DE), Evolutionary Algorithm (EA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA). Besides, GA is most frequently used to solve ALB problems. Finally, recommendation for future research for solving ALB Problems using metaheuristic optimization are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, most smartphone use lithium rechargeable batteries because this kind of battery is mostly common used and they have some good features, such as high energy density, a long life cycle, wide operating range in temperature, and the quality of being robust against short circuit, but a couple of extenuating circumstance can cause them to explode. Based on the limitations that have been highlighted previously, this project aims to develop a high speed batteries charger management system to monitor the current into and/or out of the cell. This project will consist of two main parts, which are the development batteries charges system and monitoring batteries charges system. They are various type of batteries in this world but for this project, it will be focusing on the three type of performance comparison between the Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion), Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMh) and Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) battery. From this high speed batteries charger will monitoring by using Arduino board, it will get a data to display on the I2C LCD without have to measure manually the batteries charges system. The using of this batteries management system charger will make human life more efficient, easy and convenience. One of the primary tasks for the batteries management system is to monitor the cell capacity battery. The following sections also describe the design for measuring battery voltage, current, and cell capacity as well as measuring other important parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the nature of the vortex formation is important to research that needs to be cover in order to develop a mitigation plan to avoid or reduce its formation that may cause serious damage to the hydropower mechanical machines. This paper presents a review of significant cases of vortex formation in the hydraulic intake that has been adopted Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) as a method of the research. The focus of this review is to provide a solid basis for the efficiency of the PIV measurement to study the vortex formation in the hydraulic intake. As a new innovative approach to the vortex study, it stated that PIV is a method that able to find a good agreement and can be validated together with another method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction industry is one of the key players in developing a country. However, the industry is often plagued with the same problem which is maintaining the quality. Industrialized Building System (IBS) has been identified as a potential method to improve overall construction performance in term of quality, cost effectiveness, safety and health, waste reduction and productivity. This paper is to focus on highlighted the success factors and validate the content of an instrument for factors that affect the quality of construction projects in Malaysia. A panel of 37 experts was used to validate the instrument through Content Validity Index (CVI). It was found that the highest kappa coefficient value is 1.000 for item; 'Consideration for the selection and position of special equipment for the transportation and handling of IBS components', 'Site layout has storage areas for materials', and 'Comprehensible structure of process planning and control'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For this project, it is focused on the harvesting swiftlets nest process to design and analysis new mechanism of harvest equipment. Industry swiftlets nest is not a new industry in Malaysia. It gets very high demand from China. Harvesting swiftlets nest is one of the processes to produce any products that made from swiftlets nest. Currently, they are using manual harvesting equipment to harvest swiftlets nest without using any auxiliary equipment. It is the first step in process flow and very important role before cleaning process. The objectives of this project are to design mechanism harvesting equipment to harvest swiftlets nest and to decrease the time of harvesting swiftlets nest process in a swiftlets house in a day. The design of harvesting equipment is using CAD software and then transfer to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to analyses the capabilities of part design. At the end of this project, this research will give understanding about design using CAD software and do analysis that improved the harvesting equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of rehabilitation is to let the patient who has difficulties of moving some parts of their body to recover. Patient will work one-on-one with physiotherapist who helps them to repeatedly perform the exercise but unfortunately, the number of physiotherapist becomes limited with numerous patients. Moreover, the disadvantages found in quite a number of commercialized rehabilitation robots in terms of their weight and product cost. This paper design a monitoring robot for rehabilitation. It consists of motors, monitoring sensor which called Surface Electrode and actuators. This robot helps the patients to move their lower limb to experience flexion and extension motions in two degree of freedom (DOF) with the help of motors. The motors can be controlled remotely by the patient itself for forwarding and reversing movements. The Surface Electrode will keep monitor the patient's progress in terms of the movement of muscle of the leg or any related to the area of the sensor being placed. The result shows that the project will ease the physiotherapist work by analyze the data given by the sensors and with help of the robot and patient can remotely control the motors to continue the rehabilitation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onion is the important cooking ingredients in the world of a cook. The current method to peel an onion is by a traditional method. There are have many effects when using a traditional method such as used by a hand and knife. By using this traditional method, the probability of injured such as sore eyes and hand pain are too high. Beside that, the process also takes a long time if the user needs to peel in the large quantities. The development of onion peeling machine needs to achieve the objective such as increasing the safety, save time and energy of human. The method of use in this project in fabricating this machine is by analysing the source of information data and apply its knowledge in fabricating the onion peeling machine. The method of design is generated with followed the engineering design guided. The final design selection of machine transforms into a 3D drawing using CATIA software. And then, 3D CAD data are analyses using ANSYS CFX simulation software to analyses the flow analysis of the part design. From this result, it will be considered whether it is necessary to make improvements on the machine design to improve the capabilities and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Paper is studied on the assembly problem of old bicycle tire inflator in the early stage of product design. During producing a product, the most important decisions are the final cost of the product. The approach based on Boothroyd Dewhurst methods has been implemented in this study to provide a quantitative measure called the design efficiency based on an analysis of a product. The main focuses of this research are to analyze the current design efficiency of old bicycle tire inflator and improved design efficiency. The product was design by using UNIGRAPHIC NX. The components and manufacturing of the old bicycle tire inflator were undergone alteration with the design for assembly (DFA) and redesigned methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a numerical study was carry out to study the existence of strong vortices in the flow behavior of dam reservoir. The occurence of vortex breakdown is extremely complex and quite difficult to acquire enough details experimentally. To fully understand and comprehend the mechanisms that involved, numerical study is required. With the evolution of computer devices and numerical techniques, a computational approach seemed very appealing to get the additional information regarding the structure of the breakdown. Besides, the identifying of the various parameters affecting its occurrence and development can be obtained to. Getting supplementary insight into the physics itself of the circumstance has been another ambition. This paper reviews recent published works on CFD (computational fluid dynamic) simulations of vortex in hydraulic intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Todays, there are various of optimisation methods that have been studied by many researchers in order to find the appropriate combination of processing parameters setting in the injection moulding process. From the previous literatures, the optimisation works have been proven will improve the moulded part quality. In this study, the application of optimisation work to improve warpage of front panel housing has been explored. By selecting cooling time, coolant temperature, packing pressure and melt temperature as the variable parameters, design of experiment (DOE) have been constructed by using the rotatable central composite design (CCD) approach. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed in order to define the optimal processing parameters setting which will optimise the warpage condition. Based on the results, melt temperature is the most significant factor contribute to the warpage condition and warpage have optimised by 47.1% after optimisation. The findings show that the application of optimisation work offers the best quality of moulded part produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the urban development in the cities, the underground transport has become a priority transit route used by the population, due to the fact that it is a faster route and also due to the need to reduce the road traffic from the surface in order to improve the quality of the air (especially degraded from traffic emissions). Given the large flow of passengers, especially during peak hours, studying the quality of ambient air in underground spaces has become a necessity. Therefore, this paper presents the results of the particulate matter (PM10) measurements, in 4 subway stations in Bucharest, selected according to the flow of people passing through the areas, choosing 2 stations with low flow and 2 very congested (which are intersection railway nodes). Also, in order to identify the influence of the atmospheric air quality on the underground air and the most vulnerable areas prone to lower air quality status, the results of the air pollutant dispersion scenarios realized with the Breeze AERMO software were taken into account. In addition to high level of PM10 concentrations (above the limit permitted by the national law for surface air quality), there were performed laboratory tests in order to identify metal concentration levels (lead, cadmium, manganese, copper and iron). Thus, it has been found that PM10 derives both from the erosion of the rails and the walls of the tunnels and also from the braking system of the subway trains. Furthermore, a connection was observed between the atmospheric air quality measured near the intake ventilation system and the quality of the underground air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequency response function (FRF) and modal parameters including the natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shapes need to be studied in order to aid the monitoring process as well as to avoid the resonance to the structure. This is important since these measurements will be used as reference for any operational methods for the dam structure. This paper will discuss the structural dynamic analysis of one of the dam available in Malaysia which is Kenyir Dam (Sultan Mahmud Power Station) in Terengganu. The study has been conducted on the spillway section of the dam structure. The CAD model of the structure has been designed based on real size structure (1:1 scale) with the consideration of real build-in materials. A finite element (FE) model of the structure is then constructed in ANSYS Workbench software to run the analysis. Meshing sensitivity analysis has been conducted and the boundary condition has been set before performing the analysis. 30 natural frequencies have been determined and 6 most significant mode shapes are chosen to be discussed in this paper. For the FRF, all three axes, x, y and z-direction have the same dominant natural frequency value of 19.6 Hz, where the highest deflection occurred at z-direction with 6.795 x 10−4 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses the structural analysis on the sector gate in dam spillway with 5 m gap opening. The parameters determined on this study are equivalent stress and total deformation. The structure analysis on the spillway structure is due to the impact of water discharge. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling is applied to assess the water flow that affect stress and deformation occurred using computational aided program using ANSYS. Result of the transient structure model show that the highest stress value is at the radial gate which is 29.69 MPa and the lowest stress value is at stilling basin which is 0.037 x 10−9 MPa. All the deformation values are relatively low especially at the stilling basin which is 1.021 x 10−9 m and the largest deformation value is at the radial gate which is 10.47 x 10-6 m. It can be concluded that the stress and deformation give different result due to different materials. Stress and deformation values at mild steel material parts are higher than concrete material parts due to the high impact of water pressure. Future mitigation measures have to take to ensure the sustainability of the structural integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shoreline changes that leads to coastal erosion is a natural phenomenon that concern many researchers worldwide. It is important to understand the particle movement of the sand that induced by sea waves to predict the changes of the shorelines. In the present study, sand sediment erosion model has been developed to determine which division that has high movement of the particle by using DEM-DPM method. The simulation works reported that, the velocity magnitude of the particle at the upper part is high while at the lower part is low. It is also found that, the total pressure at the upper part of the sand sediment is low compare to the lower part of the sediment. Furthermore, the most critical division can be determined through this simulation as the critical division has a high movement of the particle. Based on the findings, the most critical division for this sand sediment model is Division A as the particle on that division has a high movement of the particle due to high velocity magnitude and low total pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and magnetorheological fluid (MRF) are widely known as the class of smart materials which contained micron-sized ferromagnetic particles that can reversibly tune the mechanical properties of damping and stiffness coefficient respectively in the presence of magnetic field. However, the current MR technology of MRE and MRF are working individually in addressing both mechanical properties. This study is concerned with investigation on the hybrid MRE-F which incorporates both MRE and MRF as a single system that can work on the stiffness and damping variability simultaneously. To prove the excellent performance of hybrid MRE-F, this study is done to compare the static behavior of all type of elastomers: hybrid MRE-F, MRE and passive elastomer in compression mode. In most cases, the performance of all elastomer types is increasing with the increasing percentage of ferromagnetic particles contained in the elastomer. The result reported on the static performance of hybrid MRE-F is affected not only by the type and volume percentage of the ferromagnetic particles, but also the type of elastomer and the strength of magnetic field applied in addressing the stiffness. Although hybrid MRE-F is claimed to be able to change its stiffness and damping properties simultaneously, its performance is less significant when compared even to the passive elastomer if the volume percentage of ferromagnetic particles contained in the silicone matrix falls below 30 %. The results observed in this research would be useful for vibration control in wide range of engineering application such as engine mounting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combine effect of soft drink tins (SDT) and polypropylene (PP) fiber on mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive and flexural strengths were observed in this research. In this research it is found that by combining 0.2% of SDT with 0.2 % PP fiber has increase compressive strength of concrete by 30% and 18.4 % for SDT 30 mm and 60 mm long, respectively. It was also observed by using the same combination for SDT 60 mm has increase flexural strength of concrete by 23.8% and 12.6 % for SDT 30 mm and 60 mm long, respectively. It is concluded that the optimum fiber contents are 0.2% for SDT and PP and the use of 30 mm long SDT fiber has better performance as compared to 60 mm SDT fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mycelial growth performance of wild isolated Schizophyllum commune of Northern Malaysia on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) was first compared in order to be further used in the study. A total of 7 and 13 days was required by the mycelial to fully colonized MEA and PDA in the petri dish respectively. Hence MEA was selected in investigating mycelial growth rate at different pH (5 to 10) and different temperature (20, 25, 30, and 35℃). Results showed that wild S. commune growth rate was the highest (10.91±0.37 mm/day) on MEA at pH 6 with incubation temperature of 30℃. Biomass dry weight, pellets diameter, and final pH in Malt Extract Broth (MEB) at different pH were examined under optimal growth temperature (30℃) after 14 days of liquid state fermentation. High biomass dry weight was obtained from culture incubated at pH 5 (4.84 g/L) and 6 (4.87 g/L) and the longest pellet diameter was obtained at pH 6 (45.6 mm). There were decrements in pH value observed after end of the liquid state fermentation. It was expected that the growth data gathered in the study can be utilized later to design optimal pH and temperature conditions for artificial cultivation of S. commune. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction stir welding (FSW) is categorized as solid state welding process which has attracted many researchers and industrialist due to its environmental friendly, clean and hazard free process. This study is undertaken to investigate the effect of tool pin profile and process parameters of FSW on AA5083 aluminum alloy. The marine grade aluminum alloy had a wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structure requiring high strength and good corrosion resistance properties. The current investigation provides an insight on the influence of various FSW parameters under the effect of different tool pin designs. Three tool pin profiles which include cylindrical, cylindrical thread and cylindrical tapered with combination of various level of rotation and transverse speeds were experimented and evaluated during the FSW process. Optimization on the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness result were analyzed using ANOVA. Result showed that the optimum FSW parameters obtained were at 1400 rpm, transverse speed of 75 mm/min when using cylindrical pin profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapidly decreasing price of photovoltaic (PV) modules in the world market in line with the increasing demand of fresh produce promotes the idea of agro-PV integration or commonly known as agrivoltaic system. The agrivoltaic concept is an integrated system that associate, on the same land area, food crops and solar photovoltaic panels where the PV panels provides some shading elements for plant growth. This study provides some important information on the ground condition of an Agrivoltaic system installed in Selangor state, Malaysia. The stochastic tropical weather condition is explored based on four main factors which are Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD), air temperature, air humidity and wind speed underneath PV arrays for 5 days continuous monitoring with 1 minute time intervals. The maximum height of PV array at site is 1.3 meter with development area of 3.67m x 3.36m (18 x 95Wp Monocrystalline modules). The temperature value using K-type thermosensor underneath PV is segregated into six temperature levels which covers temperature range from PV bottom surface until ground temperature with 1 feet clearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the techniques used in Wireless power transfer (WPT). WPT is one of the most useful ways to transfer power. Based on power transfer distances, the WPT system can be divided into three categories, namely, near medium, and far fields. Inductive coupling and capacitive coupling contactless techniques are used in the near-field WPT magnetic resonant coupling technique is used in the medium-field WPT. Electromagnetic radiation is used in the far-field WPT. In addition, energy encryption plays a major role in ensuring that power is transferred to the true receiver. Therefore, this paper reviews the energy encryption techniques in WPT system. A comparison between different technique shows that the distance, efficiency, and number of receivers are the main factors in selecting the suitable energy encryption technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University education and its environment are totally different from the nature of learning at the high school. The university students are facing a lot of challenges such as academic stress, financial problem, independent living, and future career planning. These factors predispose them to depression. Depression can be said as a serious medical condition and it is totally impossible to avoid it. However, with some preventive actions might be able to overcome the problem. The threat of depression caused the nervous system to respond by releasing a flood of stress hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol. The Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) is described as change in the electrical resistance of the skin that is physiochemical response to emotional arousal which increases sympathetic nervous system activity. The aim of this research is to investigate the waveform pattern of a depressed patient by using Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). The research was conducted on the university students with a range of gestational age 20 – 25 years old regardless of gender. The GSR measurements are performed by detecting changes in electrical activity as a result of changes in sweat gland activity during depression and at rest (sleep). The data from GSR and pulse rate are then transmitted to the serial plotter and organic light-emitting diode display. The GSR readings for no emotional arousal and physiological occurred were 600 mΩ. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the readings of depression patients were below 600 mΩ with pulse rate of 210bpm compared with those were sleeping of 700 mΩ with mean pulse rate of 79bpm. Hence, pulse Galvanic Skin Resistance is a useful tool to indicate the waveform pattern in depressed patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal contamination such as arsenic becomes serious threat to the health and environment of many millions in a worldwide. Arsenic contamination especially in paddy field has driven to the accumulation of As in paddy soils and possibly have adverse effects on rice products. To assess the level of severity of arsenic in paddy field is a major constraint at early stages. In the past, quantification of concentration of arsenic has been as difficult as reducing it. Thus label free Aptamer based biosensor is the most reliable sensor recently due to the advantages for the sensitive and selective detection towards detecting arsenic. Finally, this paper will discuss the current outcomes in arsenic detection using Aptasensor with sensing element formatting in enhancing the sensor signal for detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debris flow is a kind of geological disasters occurred in a mountainous area and can cause serious impacts on human lives, infrastructure and houses. Therefore, the potential exposure to this hazard may occur in the surrounding area. This paper assesses some recent noncommercial Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) package for debris flow. SPH as a Lagrangian method, in recent decade SPH showed to be effective in solving in engineering problems involving numerical formulation. The paper considers the features and capabilities can be offer from the non-commercial SPH package that are available and accessible for researcher related to debris flow, solid fluid interaction and so on. Finally, researcher may consider the SPH package based on the suitability of the study as well as the accuracy of the experimental test that have been compared with SPH package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the variation of water level height in scaled down physical model of Chenderoh spillway and velocity through the spillway is measured. As a part of the physical model design process, a 3D model drawing of 1:20 scaled of spillway has been drawn based on basic scale ratios. Froude number is used for scalling down method as it is more relevant in this study compared to Reynold number. Spillway physical model then been operated with five different water levels. It shows that the height of water level would affect the velocity proportional with the flow rate of water. The highest velocity in this study is 0.6667m/s with 0.11m water level height. Based on the results, the higher the water level, the higher the velocity of water through the spillway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swirling Fluidized Bed (SFB) is a new method which is very useful in drying process especially in mineral processing. By designing the annular blade distributor inclined, the gas will pass through the distributor, then certainly achieve suitable performance in term of fluidization. Numerical simulation such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been widely used to investigate the parameters that influence the system itself. The current study focused on the spiral blade distributor with various pitch length (60 mm, 80 mm, and 100 mm), and various horizontal inclination angle (0°, 12° and 15°). The CFD is used to compute and btain the velocity distribution data, as well as tangential velocity. The uniformity of tangential velocity distribution are the crucial investigation as this will be used to determine the optimum SFB systems. Effect of low blades inclination angle (0°) and low pitch length (60 mm) has showed the most significant finding in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work was to study the effect of addition of SiO2 nanoparticles to a lithium grease and of contact pressure on the friction coefficient COF during reciprocating rotational movement in the contact zone between a ball stud and its bearing in the ball joint. The studies were carried out using a tribotester with reciprocating friction torque in the contact between the ball stud and its bearing. Ball stud was fixed and the holder with the bearing rotated reversibly around ball stud axis at a constant frequency. The ball stud was loaded by a force increasing in a stepwise manner for the consecutive series. The contact zone was lubricated with a pure lithium grease or with the lithium grease with dispersed SiO2 nanoparticles. The friction coefficient decreased with increase of the contact pressure for the pure lithium grease. For the concentration ☐=6 wt.% of SiO2 nanoparticles the COF value decreased further. However, for the concentration ☐=2 wt.% it increased with increase of the contact pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the Database Management System (DBMS) keeps growing and is available on various platforms. The use of various types of DBMS in a system can cause problems with limitations in the synchronization process because each DBMS only provides synchronization methods for similar DMBS. Previous research has examined heterogeneous database synchronization algorithms on mobile devices using the Message Digest 5 (MD5) method. The process of synchronization with this method is done by comparing the hash values of each record data in the source table with the data hash values in the destination table. If a different hash value is obtained, the synchronization process is based on the type of transaction that has been determined. Based on the principle of work, this algorithm requires a long synchronization time for large-scale databases because it has to check the hash values of each data record. This study examined the performance analysis of the DBMS synchronization method using MD5. The testing was performed by observing the parameters of execution time of synchronization ptocess for the MySQL DBMS and PostgreSQL types. The results showed that the execution time of the MD5 synchronization process was proportional to the number of data records that need to be synchronized. This is because the hashing process that must be done on every data record and synchronization mechanism requires all data to be sent to check and compare the hash values of each data record in the destination synchronization database even though the data has not changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings on the influence of ignition positions at various feeding temperatures on pressure and temperature profiles in silo using computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT. The RNG k-ε model is used to simulate the turbulence of the gas phase, and the species transport model was selected within the disperse phase model to enable the prediction of dust cloud combustion. The finite rate-eddy dissipation model was employed in the combustion model. The result shows that the pressure was decreased about 16% when the ignition location is located at the bottom of the silo compared to the ones at the middle. It was found that the ignition source would not induce a dust explosion when the feeding and surrounding temperatures are equal. Findings reported in this work enhanced understanding of the ignition sensitivity arising from dust-air mixtures during the silo filling operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced alkali-activated composite (FRAC) was studied with the aim of recycling solid wastes and developing a sustainable high-performance building material. FRACs were prepared by the alkali-activation of binary waste ashes: fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and various contents of ceramic-based short basalt fibers (BFs) of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% (volume/volume %). The engineering properties of compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength measurements obtained at different aging of 3, 7 and 28 days, were used to assess the mechanical characteristics of the composite against a control mortar mix containing 0% BF. The obtained results showed a significant improvement in the strength characteristics and toughness of the alkali-activated matrix due to incorporation of high modulus BFs. Maximum tensile and flexural strengths were obtained with the highest BF content of 0.8%, while, the maximum compressive strength was achieved at the optimum fiber content of 0.6%, which achieved about 108% of the control mix strength. Moreover, conducted microstructure analysis explained the positive effect of BFs incorporation into the matrix. The high modulus fibers worked on relived the matrix by absorption some of the stresses through the interface between matrix and fiber and. Thus, improved the matrix toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the use of nanotechnology is being explored to create materials with specific properties that perform explicit functions. Thus, the investigation of different synthesis routes of various types of silica-based materials has been pursued. Mesoporous silica can be widely used in the field of environmental protection due to its specific and impressive properties that include uniform hexagonal pores and high specific surface areas, which render it a good host material. Moreover, the mesoporous silica regeneration property through simple technologies makes it a suitable option for different applications. Therefore, in this research were used two types of mesoporous silica obtained by hydrothermal method, which were functionalized with TiO2 and ZnO for subsequent environmental applications. In order to characterize the developed materials, advanced characterization techniques have been used: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for chemical composition determination, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for mineralogical compounds and electronic scanning microscopy (SEM) to assess the morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was aimed to investigate the Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract gel of Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves (EEGABL) in mice. The results indicated that the healing period of the first-day test on the 7.5% extract was more stable compared to the betadine, which had a faster healing period, followed by 5% extract, 10% extract, and without extract. The study concludes that the ethanol extract gel of Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves had an anti-inflammatory effect on wound healing. It is suggested that the next study focus on other forms of preparations, such as creams, ointments, and lotions for the treatment of anti-inflammatory effects and look for broader functions of the secondary metabolites of the Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmet need is a multidimensional problem and will not only be a cause of population explosion but can also affect the high maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia. The percentage of national unmet need itself in 2015 was 14.87%. Unmet need in the province of Aceh amounted to 14.25% and with a percentage of the incidence in Aceh Besar as much (16.28%). The purpose of this study was to determinants of unmet need at working area of Puskesmas Peukan Bada Aceh Besar in 2019. This type of research is analytic with cross sectional approach. The research was carried out on 10th until 30th June 2019 in at working area of Puskesmas Peukan Bada Aceh Besar. Sampling by purposive sampling with a sample of 32 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire and data collection techniques by interview. Analysis of data by univariate, bivariate and multivariate methods. The results of the bivariate analysis obtained determinants of age (p=0.000 OR=27.00), education (p=0.002 OR=17.00), knowledge (p=0.018 OR=7.93), number of children (p=0.002), husband support (p=0.006 OR=12.60) and health workers role (p=0.002 OR=18.00). The results of multivariate analysis found that the most dominant factor was health workers' role (OR=11.379). It can be concluded that there is a relationship between age, education, knowledge, number of children, husband's support, and the role of health workers with the Unmet need events at working area of Puskesmas Peukan Bada Aceh Besar. It is expected that health workers can provide more education to the community in the form of family planning health education, so as to reduce the number of unmet need events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of this project will bring out an automated recycle bin which able to sort metal and nonmetal item that can be monitor through IOT. The ideas of this project came out from the problem statement which Recyclable materials end up mistakenly disposed to general landfill. Even though the awareness campaign is already made by government, mix recycle trash problem still occurs. Furthermore, workers affiliate with trash is more likely to be infected. In order to reduce these problems, an automated recycle bin which sort metal and nonmetal item is created with additional function of trash level monitoring system through IOT. This project will implement the usage of Arduino, servo motor, ultrasonic, IR and metal sensor. With the design of this machine, may it help those who involve in waste management and reduce the company cost in hiring manpower to separate the recycle waste and monitoring the waste which result to cleaning or trash collection more efficient. With a further modification, may it sort more recycle item [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosthetic is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part that may be lost due to trauma, disease and congenital conditions. It is intended to restore the function of the missing body part. The prosthetic that will be developed in this project is prosthetic hand. This prosthetic hand will have the robotic part applied to it to help the handicap person to do their daily activities just as how they used to when they still have their hand. The problem with the current prosthetic hand is that it does not function well and does not assist the patient to do daily chores. Hence, this robotic prosthetic hand is developed to overcome the problem. The objectives of this project are to develop a prototype of the prosthetic hand using 3D printer, to determine placement of actuator on the prosthetic hand, to help assist the handicap person in doing daily activities and to control the movement of the prosthetic hand by using EMG. The prosthetic hand will be design with Solid Work software and then print with a 3D printer. Then, three EMG electrodes are placed on the patient‟s forearm to detect the signal. The signal will then be interpret by the Arduino microcontroller as to which part of the hand will move whether it is the fingers or elbow. This prosthetic hand can be attached to the patient‟s bicep. At the end of this project, this prosthetic hand can hold or release for the fingers part and move the elbow up and down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this documentation is to detect and monitor the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) or Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) by using the specific module and system that will fully complied with detailed explanations on engineering aspect regarding the knowledge gained and valuable experiences that I have learned during this proposal period. The mechanism used in this system is the module of Arduino Mega 2560 that act as the main platform for acquiring RFI from the specific sensor and will convey the signal into information that will link to the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) in the certain way and method of communication through all of the devices. In order to show the supportive toward the Industrial Revolution 4.0 the system is integrated by IOT gateway device that will monitor the data in term of cloud-based using the SIMATIC IOT 2000 as the data storage flatform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, the approach that has been used in the design of pattern classification was to experimentally assess the performance of several classifiers so that the best one would be chosen. Ensemble classifiers is developed to design a such reliable system with improved accuracy. Recognising that each classifier may make different or complementary errors, the idea is to pool the results from all classifiers to find a composite system that would out-perform any individual (base) classifier. In this way, a single complex classifier may be replaced by a set of relatively simple classifiers. Similarly, the idea of ensemble learning is to employ multiple learners and combine their predictions. Most ensemble methods use a single base learning algorithm to produce homogeneous base learners to produce homogeneous ensembles. Some methods use heterogeneous learners to create heterogeneous ensembles. For ensemble methods to be more accurate than any of its members, the base learners must be as accurate and as diverse as possible. Motivated by this ensemble approach, a heterogeneous ensemble model with different algorithms for members' training is proposed. More specifically, three types of classifiers namely the ELM, SVM and RF have been adopted for classification of Malay syllables. In the process of improving ensemble accuracy and stability, different combination methods are explored. These methods vary in their approach to treat the training data, the type of algorithms used, and the combination methods followed. Diversity among the performance of each single classifier in the ensemble classifiers is also analysed and compared with SD, SI, FI, FD, MI and MD configurations. Based on the obtained results, heterogeneous ensemble method has been successfully proven in improving recognition accuracy on the selected Malay syllables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal Precautions is a very important part of occupational safety and health in healthcare activities and one of the causes of disease from patients to medical personal is the lack of discipline of medical personnel in applying standard precautions. Health gathering places are surgery rooms (46%), maternity room (37%), inpatient room (11%), maternity room (3%) etc. (3%) and one of disease exposures from medical personnel undisciplined medical personnel in the exercise of standard precautions. The aim of this research is to determine the factors related to the practice of universal precautions of midwives in childbirth assistance in the delivery room of Tgk. Chik Ditiro Hospital Sigli. The design of this research was cross sectional design. The samples were the midwives as many as 39 midwives collected /schema/raw/master/. The data were analyzed with Chi Square test. The results indicate that there are 22 well-knowledge midwives apply 100% precautionary practice with p-value 0.000, length of work from 28 midwife categories the long working applying the precaution of universal practice well by 92.9% with p-value 0.005. There was no relationship between training factor and the application of universal precautionary practice in labor delivery, there was a correlation between knowledge factors with the application of universal precautionary practice in labor delivery and there was a relationship between long-standing factors of the work with the application of universal precautionary practice in deliveries in delivery room Tgk Chik Ditiro Hospital Sigli. Midwives should improve their knowledge and preventive efforts to prevent infection and disease transmission by attending seminars, reading articles, and health books and applying SOP of Universal Precautions to perfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, hardware implementation of bicubic interpolation for vein enhancement biometric system is proposed. This paper present hardware architecture that enable pipelining computation with less hardware resource that elude redundant computation, reduce computation complexity and improve the throughput. The architecture utilized parallel pipeline hardware to achieve fast processing time and high throughput. Using temporary interpolation points (TIPs), the offchip memory is accessed only once and redundant memory access is avoided. The TIPs are shifted using shift registers between blocks so its do not need to be calculated again. For the interpolation process, instead of using multipliers, shifters are used to reduce hardware cost and size. Shift registers are used as intermediate buffer between horizontal and vertical interpolation so that memory buffer or FIFO is not required. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed hardware implementation architecture is efficient, use less hardware resources and speeds up the processing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common problems occured among the people who need to sit in a long time are the affected postural position that lead to the back pain diseases. The sitting position of a person determine the health condition of the backbone. Many cases of back pain diseases because of the bad routine are reported for both gender. By maintaining the good posture and actively move signifanctly improved the health condition. Nowadays, people all use internet in their daily life including for the healthcare management. Wearable electronic device that improve the quality of life became the main focus of this century from simple hearing aid to the full health monitoring smartwatches with different functions and specifications. The project starts with the design stage, software modification and hardware construction with using an IMU sensor, a flex sensor and a microprocessor - WeMos ESP8266 D1 R2 with Wi-Fi built in. This report devote the design, development and experimental process of this wearable posture estimation monitoring system that uses multiple sensors to measure the back posture of a user in real time and alert them with the notification from their smartphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current industry, underwater concrete is one of the special type of high performance concrete in which it can perform well at least in strength, workability, service life and probably have a bright future as long as there is a need to construct bridges. With sufficient attention to concrete mix design and placement technique, the underwater concrete casting can be successfully implemented. Thus, this paper investigates the effect of different sodium hydroxide molarity towards the strength of fly ash based geopolymer for underwater concreting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia, there are several areas that frequently occur flash flood and mostly it happens more than twice a year. Flash flood causes damage to the valuable properties including crops, livestock, and possession including vehicles. Some part of the engine vehicle is sensitive to water as it consists of few electrical and mechanical components inside it. Hence, a high cost is needed to repair the vehicles. The primary focus of this project is to develop a prototype of an early flood detector system specifically for the vehicle by utilizing a GSM to alert the owner when the flash flood starts to happen. This system has two input sources, namely an ultrasonic sensor and car supply 12 volts. As the primary goal of this project is to actualize the water sensor in a vehicle, therefore it must be associated with the supply of the vehicle which is the car battery. The sensor will work when the vehicle was parked and not working when the vehicle begins running. Relay has been utilized in order to make sure the supply work naturally. The ultrasonic sensor is working as a water sensor to detect the rising of water level. The input signal then will be sent to the PIC controller. All process was controlled by PIC 16F877A that acts as a brain for the system. When the water reaches the level that has been set in the programmed, the signal, then will be transmitted to the GSM module through RS 232 driver. The message then will be sent to the owner's mobile phone to give a warning about the flood as the water level increasing near their vehicle. The development of the prototype basically can be divided into two sections which are the simulation part by using Proteus Software and the coding has been implemented by using Kiel Software. Eagle Software has been used for PCB Design. In conclusion, the early flood detector system for a vehicle which can alert the vehicle owner was successfully developed. These could be one of an alternative method in helping the vehicle owner to avoid their vehicle from being drowned in the flash flood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method to predict mechanical failure-mechanicsm. This method is capable of predicting failure mechanism of diverse geo-hazards, such as landslides, rock slope failures, etc. The method uses the displacement or strain divergence phenomenon in the fatal phase of failure to predict failure mechanism irrespective of failure mechanism, lithology and other parameters. Using the proposed method (RocSlope), prediction of failure mechanism of case histories was done (Rock mass failure and landslides) and laboratory studies (creep tests). In most cases, safe predictions were obtained. RocSlope, is a simple, quick and reliable practical method that revealed independency to volume of failure, lithology and failure mechanism. In addition, two empirical relations to estimate the terminal phase of failure and the critical deformation rate were developed, these practical relations complement the RocSlope method. This research will analysed rock orginally from a cool temperate region in West Hokkaido,Japan was presented. A rock slope deformations of jointed- chert rock were monitored using six surface fracturedisplacement sensors. Some movements that could be related to joint growth were observed. With the RocSlope, rock mass and rock deformations were numerically analysed and joints deformations were dominantly caused by thermal fatigue. Affects of the minor freezing on deformation of rock slope can be seen were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of elderly people prefer to live independently and hence, choose to stay away from their children and relatives. Bad incidents could happen during the time for instance the elderly might be severely injured due to falling down. However, nobody else would notice and this may cause the victim to receive delayed emergency help. In serious cases, victims were found dead only after few days by the neighbours. To mitigate this issue, a fall detection system device for elderly based on their blood pressure is developed and presented in this paper. The developed device detects fall incident through accelerometer and pulse sensor reading as attached to the elderly body. If a fall incident occurs based on blood pressure abnormality, the device will promptly send an alert message to victim's emergency contact. This innovative development would alert people regarding bad incident happened on their love ones and thus, prompt emergency assistance can be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]