Search

Abstract: Neuropsychiatric adverse events have been reported in influenza patients with and without exposure to oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), triggering speculation as to whether oseltamivir may be interacting with any human receptors and contributing to such neuropsychiatric events. In this study, the in vitro selectivity profile of oseltamivir prodrug and active metabolite was investigated. Both compounds lacked clinically relevant pharmacological activities on human, rodent and primate neuraminidases and on a panel of 155 other molecular targets, including those relevant for mood, cognition and behavior. Neuropsychiatric adverse events observed in influenza patients are likely a phenomenon caused by the infection rather than by oseltamivir. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The magnitude of subsidies provided to the fishing sector by governments worldwide is immense—an estimated $35.4 billion USD per year. The majority of these subsidies may be impeding efforts to sustainably manage fisheries by incentivizing overfishing and overcapacity. Recognizing the threat these subsidies pose, the World Trade Organization has set a goal of reaching an agreement that would end fisheries subsidies that contribute to overcapacity, overfishing, and illegal fishing. However, negotiations have been hampered by uncertainty around the likely effects of reforming these subsidies. Here we present a novel method for translating a bioeconomic model into an interactive online decision support tool that draws upon real-world data on fisheries subsidies and industrial fishing activity so users can directly compare the relative ambition levels of different subsidy reform options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article calls on the World Trade Organization (WTO) to eliminate harmful fisheries subsidies to curb overfishing, biodiversity degradation and loss, and carbon dioxide emissions. Fisheries subsidies that cause harm include those that lower the cost of fuel and vessel construction, those that provide price support to keep market prices artificially high, and those provided to distant-water fishing fleets.

Highlights a study which examined the impact of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes' differential expression, in relation to their antigen-presenting cells on the T helper type 1 (Th1)-Th2 balance. Identification of protective/suppressive MHC class II alleles in humans and mice; Proposition of several modes of action among the differential expression of MHC class II genes; Methodology used to conduct the study; Results of the study.

The next few months will be crucial in determining whether the world’s major fishing nations will deliver on commitments under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations to prohibit harmful fisheries subsidies. Timing is of heightened importance given that the EU-the second-largest subsidizer-is reforming its financial instrument for fisheries. This article therefore examines the last 20 years of subsidies provided to the fisheries sector by the EU and supports discussion of the potential future for EU fisheries subsidies and the chance of success for the SDGs. Significant changes have occurred to EU fisheries subsidies during this period. Partly these changes have occurred as a result of the removal of certain capacity-enhancing subsidies and partly due to additional funds being allocated to beneficial forms of public funding. However, progress is slow and a significant amount of capacity-enhancing subsidies remain. Furthermore, the true extent of any reduction in capacity-enhancing subsidies may be shrouded by the Pollyannaish classifications of subsidization, but most disconcerting are the recent positions adopted by both the European Parliament and Council of the EU, which aim to reintroduce some of the most harmful subsidies, thereby putting the progress needed to achieve sustainable fisheries at risk [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine and coastal tourism deliver economic benefits to coastal communities that far surpass those generated by fisheries, yet its potential contribution to global marine conservation remains underexamined. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) help restore biodiversity and enhance nearby fisheries, but their direct tourism benefits are not well understood. Here, we estimate the global demand for recreational scuba dive tourism, map the distribution and protection status of all marine dive sites globally, and develop a bioeconomic model to estimate the revenue gains from upgrading unprotected dive sites to fully protected MPAs. We estimate that 33.1 million scuba dives occur annually in marine environments worldwide, with 70% taking place within MPAs. However, only 15% of these MPA-affiliated dive sites are highly or fully protected. We show that designating all unprotected recreational dive sites, representing less than 1% of the global ocean, as highly or fully protected MPAs would improve fish biomass and biodiversity while generating an additional US$2 billion per year in direct tourism revenue (not including economic multipliers). Importantly, 62% of marine diving currently occurs in developing countries, underscoring the potential for dive tourism to support both marine conservation and local livelihoods in regions where such benefits are most needed., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. Crown.)

This article contains data on subsidies provided to the fisheries sector by maritime countries. The dataset is the culmination of extensive data collection efforts using peer-reviewed and grey literature, national budgets, online databases, websites and other relevant sources (e.g. OECD, World Bank and WTO), in order to estimate the scope and magnitude of global fisheries subsidies. For subsidies where we found evidence of expenditure by a country, we record the total amount alongside the source references and refer to these as 'reported' data. Where evidence is found that a country provides a subsidy but no amount reported, we estimate using various approaches and refer to these as 'modeled' data. Where evidence exists that no subsidy is provided by a country we refer to these null values as 'not found evidence of subsidy'. All amounts were converted to constant 2018 USD using 2017 exchange rates and annual Consumer Price Index averages. The final dataset of 'reported', 'modeled' and 'not found' subsidies for 2018 consists of 13 subsidy types across 152 maritime countries. The dataset, first developed in the early 2000s, now forms part of the global fisheries management infrastructure and is a central tool used by WTO negotiators. The data we provide may be used to support local, regional and global fisheries management decision-making and may have further uses when analysed in combination with other fisheries related data. Interpretation of these data can be found in the associated research article titled " Updated estimates and analysis of global fisheries subsidies " [1]., (Crown Copyright © 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Globalisation and climate change are the main drivers of invasion of non-endemic regions by mosquitoes. Mass transportation of people, animals and goods facilitate accidental long-distance displacement while climate warming supports active spread and establishment of thermophilic species. In the framework of a mosquito-monitoring programme, eight non-indigenous culicid species have been registered in Germany since 2011, with four of them being more or less efficient vectors of disease agents and another four now considered established. The eight newly emerged species include Aedes albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. koreicus, Ae. berlandi, Ae. pulcritarsis, Anopheles petragnani and Culiseta longiareolata. We here review recent findings and at the same time present new findings of specimens of non-native mosquito species in Germany.

The Galapagos Sailfin grouper, Mycteroperca olfax, locally known as bacalao and listed as vulnerable by the IUCN, is culturally, economically, and ecologically important to the Galapagos archipelago and its people. It is regionally endemic to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, and, while an important fishery resource that has shown substantial declines in recent years, to date no effective management regulations are in place to ensure the sustainability of the Galapagos fishery for this species. Previous estimates of longevity and size at maturity for bacalao are inconsistent with estimates for congeners, which brings into question the accuracy of prior estimates. We set out to assess the age, growth, and reproductive biology of bacalao in order to provide more accurate life history information to inform more effective fisheries management for this species. The oldest fish in our sample was 21 years old, which is 2-3 times greater than previously reported estimates of longevity. Parameter estimates for the von Bertalanffy growth function (k = 0.11, L ∞ = 110 cm TL, and to = - 1.7 years) show bacalao to grow much slower and attain substantially larger asymptotic maximum length than previous studies. Mean size at maturity (as female) was estimated at 65.3 cm TL, corresponding to a mean age of 6.5 years. We found that sex ratios were extremely female biased (0.009 M:1F), with a large majority of the individuals in our experimental catch being immature (79%). Our results show that bacalao grow slower, live longer, and mature at a much larger size and greater age than previously thought, with very few mature males in the population. These findings have important implications for the fishery of this valuable species and provide the impetus for a long-overdue species management plan to ensure its long-term sustainability.