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Abstract Background MEN1 mutations can inactivate or disrupt menin function and are leading to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, a rare heritable tumor syndrome. Case presentation We report on a MEN1 family with a novel heterozygous germline mutation, c.674delG; p.Gly225Aspfs*56 in exon 4 of the MEN1 gene. Diagnosis and clinical phenotyping of MEN1 was established by laboratory tests, ultrasound, biopsy, MRI imaging and endosonography. The clinical course of the disease was followed in the index patient and her family members for eight years. The mutation was associated with distinct clinical phenotypes in the index patient and three family members harboring p.Gly225Aspfs*56. Family members affected showed primary hyperparathyroidism but variable patterns of associated endocrine tumors, adrenal cortical adenomas, prolactinoma, multifocal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, insulinoma and nonsecretory neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. The mutation c.674delG; p.Gly225Aspfs*56 leads to a frameshift from codon 225 with early truncation of the menin protein. In silico analysis predicts loss of multiple protein-menin interactions in p.Gly225Aspfs*56, potentially rendering menin insufficient to control cell division and replication. However, no aggressive neuroendocrine tumors were observed in the follow-up of this family. Conclusions We report a novel heterozygous MEN1 frameshift mutation, potentially causing (at least partial) inactivation of menin tumor suppression potential but lacking a genotype–phenotype correlation. Our study highlights the importance of personalized care with appropriate testing and counseling in MEN1 families.

Nanoparticles serve various purposes in the hydrocarbon industry which are utilized to improve the volume of oil and gas production. Nanomaterials are used in petroleum applications as nanoparticles, nanosensors, nanocomposites, coated nanoparticles, nanofluids etc. Thus, the application of nanotechnology in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method helps to extract the trapped oil present beneath the surface. Some nano ultra-fine particles are cost-effective and eco-friendly. The injected fluid interacts with the rock/oil system to create a favourable environment for oil recovery. This study focuses on a review of the different types of nanoparticles and nanomaterials used in petroleum applications. This paper aims to study the classification and characterization of nanoparticles. This also includes the physiochemical and mechanical properties of nanomaterials. The study discusses the applications of nanoparticles in chemical, miscible, thermal and microbial floodings. It mainly focuses on various mechanisms involved by adding nanoparticles such as wettability alteration, IFT reduction, rheology improvement, mobility control etc. This research also addresses new green nanomaterials and nanocomposites, which includes injecting specialized green chemicals (surfactants, alcohols, and polymers) that successfully displace oil. The IFT between the displacing fluid and the oil is reduced due to phase-behaviour properties.

City gas distribution (CGD) sector is influenced by several factors like policy, infrastructure, health, safety etc. In order to understand this sector, an exploratory factor analysis is conducted. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) survey meticulously simplifies interconnected steps and examines the possible causal factor structure of a series of measured variables without hitting a predetermined result model. In this paper, the factor analysis is performed in three broad categories namely: managerial level, technical level and site workers to understand the most influencing factor of the sector. 60 questionnaires were prepared to get feedback on parameters affecting CGD sector. The survey is performed by various means, like google form, email, phone calls, appointments with employees and personal meetings. It has been observed from the survey that the nine factors influences this sector and requires certain modifications for the development. Out of these nine factors, five were selected for the analysis which are infrastructure factor, policy factor, gas consumption factor, total energy demand factor and economy factor. The factor analysis has been performed in five major steps, namely factor analysis applicability, selection of factors, loading of factors, significance test of factors and factor loading matrix analysis. The results obtained from these exploratory factor analysis shows that variables like infrastructure, total energy demand and economy affects the CGD market most than the policy and gas consumption.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), also referred to as co-trimazole, is a common antibiotic used to treat a wide range of infections ranging from simple skin and soft tissue infections to opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis jirovecii. Generally, this medication is well-tolerated, but severe adverse reactions, such as myelosuppression and hepatitis, can occur, albeit rarely. In this case report, we describe a patient who presented to the hospital with symptoms of rash, elevated liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury 2 weeks after completing a course of TMP-SMX for a skin infection. We highlight the difficulties in diagnosing adverse events associated with this drug due to the variability in its presentation and the unpredictable onset of symptoms. By excluding common differential diagnoses including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and glucose-6-phosphate- dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, we concluded that the patient was suffering from TMP-SMX-induced multi-organ dysfunction and treated him supportively. Through this case report, we aim to elucidate the importance of early recognition and treatment of the adverse effects of TMP-SMX.