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252. Modeling the non-CO2contribution to climate change

Author

Smith, Christopher J. and Gasser, Thomas

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the best-known and most important driver of climate change, but the climate also responds to other anthropogenic forcers that have different sources, mitigation potentials, atmospheric residence times, and climate change potential. These drivers include non-CO2greenhouse gases, short-lived climate forcers such as aerosol and ozone precursors, and changes in the land surface. Smart targeting of these non-CO2drivers, in combination with a serious and sustained attempt to reach net-zero CO2emissions, could result in substantial avoided climate damages. Evaluating the climate effect of non-CO2greenhouse gas emissions is not yet possible in most state-of-the-art climate models, though exciting developments are occurring. Simpler tools including reduced-complexity climate models and climate metrics are currently used to evaluate the climate impacts of non-CO2drivers. This primer discusses strengths and weaknesses of these approaches and opportunities and outlook for future development.

Published
2022
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259. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report WGIII climate assessment of mitigation pathways: from emissions to global temperatures.

Author

Kikstra, Jarmo S., Nicholls, Zebedee R. J., Smith, Christopher J., Lewis, Jared, Lamboll, Robin D., Byers, Edward, Sandstad, Marit, Meinshausen, Malte, Gidden, Matthew J., Rogelj, Joeri, Kriegler, Elmar, Peters, Glen P., Fuglestvedt, Jan S., Skeie, Ragnhild B., Samset, Bjørn H., Wienpahl, Laura, Vuuren, Detlef P. van, van der Wijst, Kaj-Ivar, Khourdajie, Alaa Al, and Forster, Piers M.

Subjects
GLOBAL temperature changes, CLIMATE change mitigation, RADIATIVE forcing, WORKFLOW management, PYTHON programming language
Abstract

While the IPCC's physical science report usually assesses a handful of future scenarios, the IPCC Sixth Assessment Working Group III report (AR6 WGIII) on climate mitigation assesses hundreds to thousands of future emissions scenarios. A key task is to assess the global-mean temperature outcomes of these scenarios in a consistent manner, given the challenge that the emission scenarios from different integrated assessment models come with different sectoral and gas-to-gas coverage and cannot all be assessed consistently by complex Earth System Models. In this work, we describe the "climate assessment" workflow and its methods, including infilling of missing emissions and emissions harmonisation as applied to 1,202 mitigation scenarios in AR6 WGIII. We evaluate the global-mean temperature projections and effective radiative forcing characteristics (ERF) of climate emulators FaIRv1.6.2, MAGICCv7.5.3, and CICERO-SCM, discuss overshoot severity of the mitigation pathways using overshoot degree years, and look at an interpretation of compatibility with the Paris Agreement. We find that the lowest class of emission scenarios that limit global warming to "1.5 °C (with a probability of greater than 50 %) with no or limited overshoot" includes 90 scenarios for MAGICCv7.5.3, and 196 for FaIRv1.6.2. For the MAGICCv7.5.3 results, "limited overshoot" typically implies exceedance of median temperature projections of up to about 0.1 °C for up to a few decades, before returning to below 1.5 °C by or before the year 2100. For more than half of the scenarios of this category that comply with three criteria for being "Paris-compatible", including net-zero or net-negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are projected to see median temperatures decline by about 0.3–0.4 °C after peaking at 1.5–1.6 °C in 2035–2055. We compare the methods applied in AR6 with the methods used for SR1.5 and discuss the implications. This article also introduces a 'climate-assessment' Python package which allows for fully reproducing the IPCC AR6 WGIII temperature assessment. This work can be the start of a community tool for assessing the temperature outcomes related to emissions pathways, and potential further work extending the workflow from emissions to global climate by downscaling climate characteristics to a regional level and calculating impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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260. The Bristol CMIP6 Data Hackathon.

Author

Mitchell, Dann M., Stone, Emma J., Andrews, Oliver D., Bamber, Jonathan L., Bingham, Rory J., Browse, Jo, Henry, Matthew, MacLeod, David M., Morten, Joanne M., Sauter, Christoph A., Smith, Christopher J., Thomas, James, Thomson, Stephen I., Wilson, Jamie D., Fung, Fai, Hall, Richard, Holley, Patricia, Mitchell, Dann, Seviour, William, and Stone, Emma J

Subjects
SCIENTIFIC ability, PHYSICAL sciences, POLAR vortex, STRATOSPHERIC aerosols, ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, CLIMATE change
Published
2022
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264. Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: Synthesising Earth system knowledge for probabilistic climate projections

Author

Nicholls, Zebedee R.J., primary, Meinshausen, Malte Alexander, additional, Lewis, Jared, additional, Rojas Corradi, Maisa, additional, Dorheim, Kalyn, additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gieseke, Robert, additional, Hope, Austin Patrick, additional, Leach, Nicholas, additional, McBride, Laura Anne, additional, Quilcaille, Yann, additional, Rogelj, Joeri, additional, Salawitch, Ross J., additional, Samset, Bjørn Hallvard, additional, Sandstad, Marit, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexey N, additional, Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt, additional, Smith, Christopher J, additional, Smith, Steven, additional, SU, Xuanming, additional, Tsutsui, Junichi, additional, Vega-Westhoff, Benjamin Aaron, additional, and Woodard, Dawn, additional

Published
2021
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265. Is 1.5 °C of global warming inevitable and if so, when?

Author

Milinski, Sebastian, primary, Fischer, Erich, additional, Forster, Piers, additional, Fyfe, John C., additional, Lee, June-Yi, additional, Smith, Christopher J., additional, Thorne, Peter, additional, Trewin, Blair, additional, and Marotzke, Jochem, additional

Published
2021
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268. 'Actually Existing' Olympism - The Beijing 2008 Games and China´s Neoliberal Project

Author

Smith, Christopher J. and Himmelfarb, Katie M.G.

Abstract

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games have been the subject of much speculation because of the Olympic movement’s purported compatibility with the promotion of universal human rights, the elimination of discrimination, and international peace. The powerful ideology of “Olympism” has much in common with the increasingly widespread phenomenon of neoliberalism, including a focus on “mega-events” and projects; a shared vocabulary of individual liberty, competition, and achievement; and an uneven record in promoting such values in reality. This paper outlines an agenda for a multi-scalar evaluation of the effect of the Beijing Games, focusing on some of the likely geographical impacts and the potential they have to influence social justice, as understood in spatial terms. (Manuscript received November 2, 2007; accepted for publication March 28, 2008), China aktuell, China aktuell - 2/2008

Published
2020
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269. China's response to pandemics: from inaction to overreaction

Author

Huang, Yanzhong and Smith, Christopher J.

Subjects
China -- Health policy, China -- Social aspects, Quarantine -- Management, Epidemics -- Control, Epidemics -- Social aspects, Medical policy -- Interpretation and construction, Company business management, Economics, Geography, Regional focus/area studies
Abstract

Two U.S. specialists (on the governance and foreign policy aspects of China's public health issues as well as its human and medical geography) examine how two different sets of policies implemented by the government of China have affected both the geography and political ecology of pandemic disease outbreaks (HIV/AIDS, SARS, and H1N1) over the past two decades. More specifically, they argue that: (1) broad development and reform policies largely responsible for China's rapid modernization/urbanization and increasingly successful perfomance in the global economic arena have generated unexpected side-effects in terms of the location, incidence, and spread of pandemics as well as the state's capacity to mount an adequate health care response: and (2) politically motivated public health policies implemented in response to the spread of specific pandemics in China have had unanticipated impacts on the progression of disease outbreaks and their outcomes. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H510, H750, 1180.3 figures, 2 tables, 76 references. Key words: China, pandemics, public health, HIV/ AIDS, SARS, H1N1, herd community effect, urban consumption, quarantine, vaccination, political intervention. DOI: 10.2747/1539-7216.51.2.162

Published
2010

276. 13C methodologies for quantifying biochar stability in soil: A critique.

Author

Chalk, Phillip and Smith, Christopher J.

Subjects
*BIOCHAR, *SOILS, *ORGANIC compounds
Abstract

Methodologies based on 13C‐enrichment (E), 13C‐depletion (D) and 13C‐natural abundance (NA) to estimate the stability of biochar in soil were critically examined. The stability of 13C‐enriched biochar can be estimated by the quantitative recovery of excess 13C, either in the soil or in evolved CO2. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Recovery in the soil is a measure of both residual biochar 13C + 13C immobilised in soil organic matter during biochar decomposition. Variable proportions of organic‐ and inorganic‐C are present in alkaline biochars, and few data exist on the uniformity of labelling, which is a basic requirement of the respired 13CO2 and E methodology. The E technique has had limited application due to the cost and difficulty of obtaining a uniformly‐enriched feedstock through continuous labelling of plants with 13CO2 at a constant 13C enrichment. In contrast, the NA technique has been widely applied. The NA and D techniques are in situ methods that involve the addition of C4‐derived biochar to a C3‐soil or vice versa. Stability is estimated by a two‐end‐member mixing model that allows the proportion of evolved CO2 derived from the biochar (Cdfb) to be estimated. The mixing model has recently been misused to estimate the Cdfb of 13C‐enriched biochar, with 13C‐abundance expressed as erroneously large δ values. 13C‐based methods provide a yardstick against which rapid stability tests should be evaluated. While numerous laboratory incubation comparisons have been conducted, very few field‐based data have been published. Highlights: 13C methods for estimating biochar stability are based on uniform isotopic labelling.Organic and inorganic constituents of biochar may not be uniformly labelled.Expression of 13C enriched biochar as large δ values (>500 units) rather than atom fraction excess led to larger errors in stability estimation.Few 13C field‐based estimates of biochar stability exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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277. Tracing boron dynamics in agro-ecosystems using enriched (10B, 11B) stable isotopic signatures: A centennial legacy.

Author

Chalk, Phillip, Smith, Christopher J., Chen, Deli, and He, Ji-Zheng

Subjects
*BORON isotopes, *INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry, *ISOTOPIC signatures, *PLANT nutrition, *PHYSICAL mobility, *BORON
Abstract

For many years after the discovery of the two stable isotopes of B (10B,11B) in 1920 it was not used routinely as a tracer in the biological sciences until the development of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the early 1980s. This development provided an impetus to the study of the role of B in plant nutrition, although many seminal discoveries were made beforehand without the aid of isotopes. Thus, much information on the mobility and physiological function of B in plants is post-1985. Boron is unusual in plant nutrition in that it is taken up by plants through roots or foliage as undissociated boric acid, unlike other essential elements that are taken up in ionic form. The within-plant mobility of B in species important in agriculture and horticulture is examined in the present review including the role of sugar alcohols in xylem to phloem transfer. The molecular basis of its movement at the cellular level via transporters as revealed through the strategic application of enriched 11B and 10B is addressed. Few studies have been carried out on B use efficiency by crops and results show great variability. Suggestions for future applications of tracing with 10B and 11B are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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279. Effective radiative forcing from emissions of reactive gases and aerosols – a multi-model comparison

Author

Thornhill, Gillian D., primary, Collins, William J., additional, Kramer, Ryan J., additional, Olivié, Dirk, additional, Skeie, Ragnhild B., additional, O'Connor, Fiona M., additional, Abraham, Nathan Luke, additional, Checa-Garcia, Ramiro, additional, Bauer, Susanne E., additional, Deushi, Makoto, additional, Emmons, Louisa K., additional, Forster, Piers M., additional, Horowitz, Larry W., additional, Johnson, Ben, additional, Keeble, James, additional, Lamarque, Jean-Francois, additional, Michou, Martine, additional, Mills, Michael J., additional, Mulcahy, Jane P., additional, Myhre, Gunnar, additional, Nabat, Pierre, additional, Naik, Vaishali, additional, Oshima, Naga, additional, Schulz, Michael, additional, Smith, Christopher J., additional, Takemura, Toshihiko, additional, Tilmes, Simone, additional, Wu, Tongwen, additional, Zeng, Guang, additional, and Zhang, Jie, additional

Published
2021
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280. A functional genomics screen identifying blood cell development genes in Drosophila by undergraduates participating in a course-based research experience

Author

Evans, Cory J, primary, Olson, John M, additional, Mondal, Bama Charan, additional, Kandimalla, Pratyush, additional, Abbasi, Ariano, additional, Abdusamad, Mai M, additional, Acosta, Osvaldo, additional, Ainsworth, Julia A, additional, Akram, Haris M, additional, Albert, Ralph B, additional, Alegria-Leal, Elitzander, additional, Alexander, Kai Y, additional, Ayala, Angelica C, additional, Balashova, Nataliya S, additional, Barber, Rebecca M, additional, Bassi, Harmanjit, additional, Bennion, Sean P, additional, Beyder, Miriam, additional, Bhatt, Kush V, additional, Bhoot, Chinmay, additional, Bradshaw, Aaron W, additional, Brannigan, Tierney G, additional, Cao, Boyu, additional, Cashell, Yancey Y, additional, Chai, Timothy, additional, Chan, Alex W, additional, Chan, Carissa, additional, Chang, Inho, additional, Chang, Jonathan, additional, Chang, Michael T, additional, Chang, Patrick W, additional, Chang, Stephen, additional, Chari, Neel, additional, Chassiakos, Alexander J, additional, Chen, Iris E, additional, Chen, Vivian K, additional, Chen, Zheying, additional, Cheng, Marsha R, additional, Chiang, Mimi, additional, Chiu, Vivian, additional, Choi, Sharon, additional, Chung, Jun Ho, additional, Contreras, Liset, additional, Corona, Edgar, additional, Cruz, Courtney J, additional, Cruz, Renae L, additional, Dang, Jefferson M, additional, Dasari, Suhas P, additional, De La Fuente, Justin R O, additional, Del Rio, Oscar M A, additional, Dennis, Emily R, additional, Dertsakyan, Petros S, additional, Dey, Ipsita, additional, Distler, Rachel S, additional, Dong, Zhiqiao, additional, Dorman, Leah C, additional, Douglass, Mark A, additional, Ehresman, Allysen B, additional, Fu, Ivy H, additional, Fua, Andrea, additional, Full, Sean M, additional, Ghaffari-Rafi, Arash, additional, Ghani, Asmar Abdul, additional, Giap, Bosco, additional, Gill, Sonia, additional, Gill, Zafar S, additional, Gills, Nicholas J, additional, Godavarthi, Sindhuja, additional, Golnazarian, Talin, additional, Goyal, Raghav, additional, Gray, Ricardo, additional, Grunfeld, Alexander M, additional, Gu, Kelly M, additional, Gutierrez, Natalia C, additional, Ha, An N, additional, Hamid, Iman, additional, Hanson, Ashley, additional, Hao, Celesti, additional, He, Chongbin, additional, He, Mengshi, additional, Hedtke, Joshua P, additional, Hernandez, Ysrael K, additional, Hlaing, Hnin, additional, Hobby, Faith A, additional, Hoi, Karen, additional, Hope, Ashley C, additional, Hosseinian, Sahra M, additional, Hsu, Alice, additional, Hsueh, Jennifer, additional, Hu, Eileen, additional, Hu, Spencer S, additional, Huang, Stephanie, additional, Huang, Wilson, additional, Huynh, Melanie, additional, Javier, Carmen, additional, Jeon, Na Eun, additional, Ji, Sunjong, additional, Johal, Jasmin, additional, John, Amala, additional, Johnson, Lauren, additional, Kadakia, Saurin, additional, Kakade, Namrata, additional, Kamel, Sarah, additional, Kaur, Ravinder, additional, Khatra, Jagteshwar S, additional, Kho, Jeffrey A, additional, Kim, Caleb, additional, Kim, Emily Jin-Kyung, additional, Kim, Hee Jong, additional, Kim, Hyun Wook, additional, Kim, Jin Hee, additional, Kim, Seong Ah, additional, Kim, Woo Kyeom, additional, Kit, Brian, additional, La, Cindy, additional, Lai, Jonathan, additional, Lam, Vivian, additional, Le, Nguyen Khoi, additional, Lee, Chi Ju, additional, Lee, Dana, additional, Lee, Dong Yeon, additional, Lee, James, additional, Lee, Jason, additional, Lee, Jessica, additional, Lee, Ju-Yeon, additional, Lee, Sharon, additional, Lee, Terrence C, additional, Lee, Victoria, additional, Li, Amber J, additional, Li, Jialing, additional, Libro, Alexandra M, additional, Lien, Irvin C, additional, Lim, Mia, additional, Lin, Jeffrey M, additional, Liu, Connie Y, additional, Liu, Steven C, additional, Louie, Irene, additional, Lu, Shijia W, additional, Luo, William Y, additional, Luu, Tiffany, additional, Madrigal, Josef T, additional, Mai, Yishan, additional, Miya, Darron I, additional, Mohammadi, Mina, additional, Mohanta, Sayonika, additional, Mokwena, Tebogo, additional, Montoya, Tonatiuh, additional, Mould, Dallas L, additional, Murata, Mark R, additional, Muthaiya, Janani, additional, Naicker, Seethim, additional, Neebe, Mallory R, additional, Ngo, Amy, additional, Ngo, Duy Q, additional, Ngo, Jamie A, additional, Nguyen, Anh T, additional, Nguyen, Huy C X, additional, Nguyen, Rina H, additional, Nguyen, Thao T T, additional, Nguyen, Vincent T, additional, Nishida, Kevin, additional, Oh, Seo-Kyung, additional, Omi, Kristen M, additional, Onglatco, Mary C, additional, Almazan, Guadalupe Ortega, additional, Paguntalan, Jahzeel, additional, Panchal, Maharshi, additional, Pang, Stephanie, additional, Parikh, Harin B, additional, Patel, Purvi D, additional, Patel, Trisha H, additional, Petersen, Julia E, additional, Pham, Steven, additional, Phan-Everson, Tien M, additional, Pokhriyal, Megha, additional, Popovich, Davis W, additional, Quaal, Adam T, additional, Querubin, Karl, additional, Resendiz, Anabel, additional, Riabkova, Nadezhda, additional, Rong, Fred, additional, Salarkia, Sarah, additional, Sama, Nateli, additional, Sang, Elaine, additional, Sanville, David A, additional, Schoen, Emily R, additional, Shen, Zhouyang, additional, Siangchin, Ken, additional, Sibal, Gabrielle, additional, Sin, Garuem, additional, Sjarif, Jasmine, additional, Smith, Christopher J, additional, Soeboer, Annisa N, additional, Sosa, Cristian, additional, Spitters, Derek, additional, Stender, Bryan, additional, Su, Chloe C, additional, Summapund, Jenny, additional, Sun, Beatrice J, additional, Sutanto, Christine, additional, Tan, Jaime S, additional, Tan, Nguon L, additional, Tangmatitam, Parich, additional, Trac, Cindy K, additional, Tran, Conny, additional, Tran, Daniel, additional, Tran, Duy, additional, Tran, Vina, additional, Truong, Patrick A, additional, Tsai, Brandon L, additional, Tsai, Pei-Hua, additional, Tsui, C Kimberly, additional, Uriu, Jackson K, additional, Venkatesh, Sanan, additional, Vo, Maique, additional, Vo, Nhat-Thi, additional, Vo, Phuong, additional, Voros, Timothy C, additional, Wan, Yuan, additional, Wang, Eric, additional, Wang, Jeffrey, additional, Wang, Michael K, additional, Wang, Yuxuan, additional, Wei, Siman, additional, Wilson, Matthew N, additional, Wong, Daniel, additional, Wu, Elliott, additional, Xing, Hanning, additional, Xu, Jason P, additional, Yaftaly, Sahar, additional, Yan, Kimberly, additional, Yang, Evan, additional, Yang, Rebecca, additional, Yao, Tony, additional, Yeo, Patricia, additional, Yip, Vivian, additional, Yogi, Puja, additional, Young, Gloria Chin, additional, Yung, Maggie M, additional, Zai, Alexander, additional, Zhang, Christine, additional, Zhang, Xiao X, additional, Zhao, Zijun, additional, Zhou, Raymond, additional, Zhou, Ziqi, additional, Abutouk, Mona, additional, Aguirre, Brian, additional, Ao, Chon, additional, Baranoff, Alexis, additional, Beniwal, Angad, additional, Cai, Zijie, additional, Chan, Ryan, additional, Chien, Kenneth Chang, additional, Chaudhary, Umar, additional, Chin, Patrick, additional, Chowdhury, Praptee, additional, Dalie, Jamlah, additional, Du, Eric Y, additional, Estrada, Alec, additional, Feng, Erwin, additional, Ghaly, Monica, additional, Graf, Rose, additional, Hernandez, Eduardo, additional, Herrera, Kevin, additional, Ho, Vivien W, additional, Honeychurch, Kaitlyn, additional, Hou, Yurianna, additional, Huang, Jo M, additional, Ishii, Momoko, additional, James, Nicholas, additional, Jang, Gah-Eun, additional, Jin, Daphne, additional, Juarez, Jesse, additional, Kesaf, Ayse Elif, additional, Khalsa, Sat Kartar, additional, Kim, Hannah, additional, Kovsky, Jenna, additional, Kuang, Chak Lon, additional, Kumar, Shraddha, additional, Lam, Gloria, additional, Lee, Ceejay, additional, Lee, Grace, additional, Li, Li, additional, Lin, Joshua, additional, Liu, Josephine, additional, Ly, Janice, additional, Ma, Austin, additional, Markovic, Hannah, additional, Medina, Cristian, additional, Mungcal, Jonelle, additional, Naranbaatar, Bilguudei, additional, Patel, Kayla, additional, Petersen, Lauren, additional, Phan, Amanda, additional, Phung, Malcolm, additional, Priasti, Nadiyah, additional, Ruano, Nancy, additional, Salim, Tanveer, additional, Schnell, Kristen, additional, Shah, Paras, additional, Shen, Jinhua, additional, Stutzman, Nathan, additional, Sukhina, Alisa, additional, Tian, Rayna, additional, Vega-Loza, Andrea, additional, Wang, Joyce, additional, Wang, Jun, additional, Watanabe, Rina, additional, Wei, Brandon, additional, Xie, Lillian, additional, Ye, Jessica, additional, Zhao, Jeffrey, additional, Zimmerman, Jill, additional, Bracken, Colton, additional, Capili, Jason, additional, Char, Andrew, additional, Chen, Michel, additional, Huang, Pingdi, additional, Ji, Sena, additional, Kim, Emily, additional, Kim, Kenneth, additional, Ko, Julie, additional, Laput, Sean Louise G, additional, Law, Sam, additional, Lee, Sang Kuk, additional, Lee, Olivia, additional, Lim, David, additional, Lin, Eric, additional, Marik, Kyle, additional, Mytych, Josh, additional, O'Laughlin, Andie, additional, Pak, Jensen, additional, Park, Claire, additional, Ryu, Ruth, additional, Shinde, Ashwin, additional, Sosa, Manny, additional, Waite, Nick, additional, Williams, Mane, additional, Wong, Richard, additional, Woo, Jocelyn, additional, Woo, Jonathan, additional, Yepuri, Vishaal, additional, Yim, Dorothy, additional, Huynh, Dan, additional, Wijiewarnasurya, Dinali, additional, Shapiro, Casey, additional, Levis-Fitzgerald, Marc, additional, Jaworski, Leslie, additional, Lopatto, David, additional, Clark, Ira E, additional, Johnson, Tracy, additional, and Banerjee, Utpal, additional

Published
2021
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281. Monumentality in urban design: the case of China

Author

Smith, Christopher J.

Subjects
City planning -- Analysis, City planning -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Economics, Geography, Regional focus/area studies
Abstract

An American urban geographer and noted specialist on China comments on the preceding review essay on monumentality in the urban design in world cities (Ford, 2008). Focusing on monumentality in China, the author surveys a number of monumental urban projects in Beijing (particularly in relation to Olympic construction), Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Kunming. In the context of urban theory, he discusses the massive presence of the Chinese state in everyday urban life. Noting the explosive urban growth and megaproject-related construction, the author alludes to recent evidence that the clearing of city neighborhoods and mass displacement of residents have prompted widespread opposition and resistance at the local level. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, R14, R53.9 figures, 42 references. Key words: China, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Kunming, Hong Kong, Olympic Games, global cities, megaprojects, neoliberal economics, relocation of residents.

Published
2008

285. Past warming trend constrains future warming in CMIP6 models

Author

Tokarska, Katarzyna B., Stolpe, Martin B., Sippel, Sebastian, Fischer, Erich M., Smith, Christopher J., Lehner, Flavio, and Knutti, Reto

Subjects
Climatology, Atmospheric Science, Coupled model intercomparison project, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Global warming, 0207 environmental engineering, SciAdv r-articles, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Climate model, 020701 environmental engineering, Research Articles, Research Article, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Strong future warming in some new climate models is less likely as their recent warming is inconsistent with observed trends., Future global warming estimates have been similar across past assessments, but several climate models of the latest Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) simulate much stronger warming, apparently inconsistent with past assessments. Here, we show that projected future warming is correlated with the simulated warming trend during recent decades across CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, enabling us to constrain future warming based on consistency with the observed warming. These findings carry important policy-relevant implications: The observationally constrained CMIP6 median warming in high emissions and ambitious mitigation scenarios is over 16 and 14% lower by 2050 compared to the raw CMIP6 median, respectively, and over 14 and 8% lower by 2090, relative to 1995–2014. Observationally constrained CMIP6 warming is consistent with previous assessments based on CMIP5 models, and in an ambitious mitigation scenario, the likely range is consistent with reaching the Paris Agreement target.

Published
2020
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286. Restructuring Beijing's social space: observations on the Olympic Games in 2008

Author

Smith, Christopher J. and Himmelfarb, Katie M.G.

Subjects
Olympics -- 2008 AD, Public spaces -- Research, City planning -- Research, Economics, Geography, Regional focus/area studies
Abstract

Two American geographers comment on the preceding analysis of restructuring of Beijing's social space (Feng et al., 2007) by presenting observations on the city's Olympic Games, forthcoming in the summer of 2008. The authors focus on some of the more salient geographical impacts stemming from construction, relocation, and related measures undertaken by the authorities to accommodate the event. Included in the paper are sections on environmental concerns (particularly air pollution), infrastructure (water supply, automobile traffic, and mass transit), and relocation and displacement of residents (particularly of migrants and other disadvantaged segments of the population). Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: I31, O15, O18, P20. 2 figures, 2 tables, 44 references. Key words: China, Beijing, Olympic Games, air pollution, environmental protection, urban housing, urban water supply, automobile traffic, urban mass transit, relocation of residents.

Published
2007

287. Elastic response of a nematic liquid crystal to an immersed nanowire

Author

Smith, Christopher J. and Denniston, Colin

Subjects
Liquid crystals -- Magnetic properties, Hydrodynamics -- Analysis, Lattice dynamics -- Analysis, Hydrofoil boats -- Hydrodynamics, Hydrofoil boats -- Analysis, Physics
Abstract

The immersion of a ferromagnetic nanowire within a nematic liquid crystal is studied by using a lattice Boltzmann algorithm to solve the full three-dimensional equations of hydrodynamics. The nematic has imposed a torque on a wire that has increased linearly with the angle between the wire and the equilibrium direction of the director field.

Published
2007

289. Genomewide linkage scan of 409 European-ancestry and African American families with schizophrenia: suggestive evidence of linkage at 8p23.3-p21.2 and 11p13.1-q14.1 in the combined sample

Author

Suarez, Brian K., Duan, Jubao, Sanders, Alan R., Hinrichs, Anthony L., Jin, Carol H., Hou, Cuiping, Buccola, Nancy G., Hale, Nancy, Weilbaecher, Ann N., Nertney, Deborah A., Olincy, Ann, Green, Susan, Schaffer, Arthur W., Smith, Christopher J., Hannah, Dominique E., Rice, John P., Cox, Nancy J., Martinez, Maria, Mowry, Bryan J., Amin, Farooq, Silverman, Jeremy M., Black, Donald W., Byerley, William F., Crowe, Raymond R., Freedman, Robert, Cloninger, C. Robert, Levinson, Douglas F., and Gejman, Pablo V.

Subjects
African Americans -- Health aspects, African Americans -- Genetic aspects, Schizophrenia -- Risk factors, Schizophrenia -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Published
2006

292. Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2: Synthesising Earth system knowledge for probabilistic climate projections

Author

Nicholls, Zebedee R.J., primary, Meinshausen, Malte Alexander, additional, Lewis, Jared, additional, Rojas Corradi, Maisa, additional, Dorheim, Kalyn, additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gieseke, Robert, additional, Hope, Austin Patrick, additional, Leach, Nicholas, additional, McBride, Laura Anne, additional, Quilcaille, Yann, additional, Rogelj, Joeri, additional, Salawitch, Ross J., additional, Samset, Bjørn Hallvard, additional, Sandstad, Marit, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexey N, additional, Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt, additional, Smith, Christopher J, additional, Smith, Steven, additional, SU, Xuanming, additional, Tsutsui, Junichi, additional, Vega-Westhoff, Benjamin Aaron, additional, and Woodward, Dawn, additional

Published
2020
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294. Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1: introduction and evaluation of global-mean temperature response

Author

Nicholls, Zebedee R. J., primary, Meinshausen, Malte, additional, Lewis, Jared, additional, Gieseke, Robert, additional, Dommenget, Dietmar, additional, Dorheim, Kalyn, additional, Fan, Chen-Shuo, additional, Fuglestvedt, Jan S., additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Golüke, Ulrich, additional, Goodwin, Philip, additional, Hartin, Corinne, additional, Hope, Austin P., additional, Kriegler, Elmar, additional, Leach, Nicholas J., additional, Marchegiani, Davide, additional, McBride, Laura A., additional, Quilcaille, Yann, additional, Rogelj, Joeri, additional, Salawitch, Ross J., additional, Samset, Bjørn H., additional, Sandstad, Marit, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexey N., additional, Skeie, Ragnhild B., additional, Smith, Christopher J., additional, Smith, Steve, additional, Tanaka, Katsumasa, additional, Tsutsui, Junichi, additional, and Xie, Zhiang, additional

Published
2020
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298. Brain Vital Signs Detect Cognitive Improvements During Combined Physical Therapy and Neuromodulation in Rehabilitation From Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report

Author

Fickling, Shaun D., primary, Greene, Trevor, additional, Greene, Debbie, additional, Frehlick, Zack, additional, Campbell, Natasha, additional, Etheridge, Tori, additional, Smith, Christopher J., additional, Bollinger, Fabio, additional, Danilov, Yuri, additional, Rizzotti, Rowena, additional, Livingstone, Ashley C., additional, Lakhani, Bimal, additional, and D’Arcy, Ryan C. N., additional

Published
2020
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300. Contributors

Author

Abu Dayyeh, Barham K., Agostini, Maura, Aiello, Lloyd Paul, Alicic, Radica Z., Anawalt, Bradley D., Ang, Lynn, Angelidi, Angeliki M., Antonio, Leen, Armstrong, David G., Arner, Peter, Assié, Guillaume, Athonvarangkul, Diana, Auchus, Richard J., Avery, Michael B., Avram, Anca M., Baloch, Zubair W., Bancos, Irina, Barb, Diana, Barkhoudarian, Garni, Basaria, Shehzad, Basham, Kaitlin J., Bashari, Waiel, Bastepe, Murat, Batterham, Rachel L., Bauer, Elizabeth M., Bellin, Melena D., Bertherat, Jérôme, Berthon, Annabel, Bhasin, Shalender, Bilezikian, John P., Billington, Emma O., Boelen, Anita, Bouillon, Roger, Brada, Michael, Brent, Gregory A., Broekmans, Frank J., Bronstein, Marcello D., Brown, Edward M., Bulun, Serdar E., Burch, Henry B., Burghard, Anne Claire, Burney, Richard O., Pop-Busui, Rodica, Cagliero, Enrico, Cameron, Sharon, Caoili, Elaine M., Carmeliet, Geert, Cavallerano, Jerry D., Chatterjee, Krishna, Chen, Zi-Jiang, Cheung, N. Wah, Christian, Helen C., Cidlowski, John A., Clavijo, Leonardo C., Clifton-Bligh, Roderick J., Considine, Robert V., Conti, Marco, Copps, Kyle D., Corcuff, Jean- Benoît, D’Alessio, David, Dattani, Mehul T., Davey, Rachel A., Davis, Stephen N., De Felice, Mario, de Kretser, David, DeFranco, Donald B., Demay, Marie B., DeMayo, Francesco J., De Santis, Pascual, Deutsch, Madeline B., Dhatariya, Ketan, Dhillon, Vaninder K., Di Lauro, Roberto, Dillon, Joseph S., Dinneen, Sean F., Doherty, Gerard M., Donahoo, William Troy, Econs, Michael J., Egan, Aoife M., Ehrhardt, Nicole, Ehrmann, David A., Eisenhofer, Graeme, El-Khairi, Ranna, Elisei, Rossella, Else, Tobias, Erickson, Lori A., Erinjeri, Neeta J., Eszlinger, Markus, Eugster, Erica A., Evert, Alison B., Faix, James D., Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Fassnacht, Martin, Fauser, Bart C.J.M., Findlay, David M., Fliers, Eric, Freeman, Mason W., Frydenberg, Mark, Fuller, Peter J., Gagliano-Jucá, Thiago, Gardella, Thomas J., Garrahy, Aoife, Garvey, W. Timothy, German, Michael S., Gershengorn, Marvin C., Gild, Matti, Gilliam, Lisa K., Giudice, Linda C., Glezer, Andrea, Glorieux, Francis H., Goodpaster, Bret H., Grinman, Diego Y., Guasti, Leonardo, Gurnell, Mark, Habra, Mouhammed Amir, Haddad, Nadine G., Halperin, Daniel M., Hammes, Stephen R., Hardman, Sarah, Harmon, Jamie S., Haugen, Bryan R., Hebrok, Matthias, Hedger, Mark P., Heindel, Jerrold J., Hirsch, Irl B., Hobbs, Robin M., Hollenberg, Anthony N., Hruska, Keith A., Husebye, Eystein, Iacovazzo, Donato, Ilie, Mirela Diana, Imel, Erik A., Isaac, Adam L., Jameson, J. Larry, Jasuja, Ravi, Jayasena, Channa N., Johannsson, Gudmundur, Jones, Glenville, Jonklaas, Jacqueline, Jørgensen, Niels, Jüppner, Harald, Juul, Anders, Kahaly, George J., Karavitaki, Niki, Katugampola, Harshini, Keevil, Brian, Kelley, David E., Kellogg, Todd Andrew, Kelly, David F., Klein, Ronald, Kleinau, Gunnar, Koniares, Katherine, Kopp, Peter, Korbonits, Márta, Korevaar, Tim I.M., Koulouri, Olympia, Krausz, Csilla, Kronenberg, Henry M., La Greca, Amanda, Lamos, Elizabeth M., Lebovitz, Harold E., Hong Lee, Alan Chun, Legro, Richard S., Lenders, Jacques W.M., Lerario, Antonio M., Lernmark, Åke, Lightman, Stafford L., Lin, David S., Liu, Eva S., Lo, Janet, Loomba, Lindsey A., Loveland, Kate L., Lue, Tom F., Lundgren, Markus, MacFarlane, James Robert, Magee, Gregory A., Maes, Christa, Maharaj, Avinaash, Main, Katharina M., Makaronidis, Janine M., Malina, Robert, Mannstadt, Michael, Manohar, Paul, Mantzoros, Christos S., Marazuela, Mónica, Matrone, Antonio, Maxwell, Jessica E., McCartney, Christopher R., McGee, Elizabeth A., Melanson, Edward L., Melmed, Shlomo, Mendelson, Carole R., Merke, Deborah P., Mesiano, Sam, Metherell, Louise A., Miller, Barbra S., Mizokami-Stout, Kara, Mohan, Dipika R., Molitch, Mark E., Moran, Carla, Moravek, Molly B., Neumann, Susanne, Neumiller, Joshua J., Newell-Price, John D.C., Newey, Paul J., Norwitz, Errol R., O’Donnell, Liza, O’Rahilly, Stephen, Oakley, Robert H., Oberfield, Sharon E., Orellana, Minerva, Mete, Ozgur, Pacak, Karel, Pace-Asciak, Pia, Page, Stephanie T., Paschke, Ralf, Pasquel, Francisco J., Pearce, Elizabeth N., Peters, Anne L., Pook, David W., Potts, Callum A., Potts, John T., Jr, Purcell, Sarah A., Raff, Hershel, Ragnarsson, Oskar, Rajpert-De Meyts, Ewa, Ramos-Levi, Ana M., Rao, Sarika N., Rastrelli, Giulia, Raverot, Gérald, Ray, David W., Razavi, Christopher R., Reed-Maldonado, Amanda B., Reid, Ian R., Retnakaran, Ravi, Rickels, Michael R., Riddell, Michael Charles, Rinaudo, Paolo, Risbridger, Gail P., Robertson, R. Paul, Robinson, Bruce G., Rogol, Alan D., Romei, Cristina, Rosenfelder, Nicola, Rowen, Tami S., Ruderman, Neil B., Rushing, John, Russell, Jonathon O., Russo, Jose, Rydén, Mikael, Santoro, Nanette, Schlegel, Peter N., Schoenmakers, Erik, Schoenmakers, Nadia, Senanayake, Russell Martin, Shaear, Mohammad, Shalev, Anath, Shields, James, Shimy, Kim, Shindel, Alan W., Shulman, Gerald I., Silva, Paolo S., Simmons, David, Simon, James A., Singer, Frederick R., Sipos, Jennifer A., Skaznik-Wikiel, Malgorzata E., Smallridge, Robert C., Smith, Christopher J., Smith, Roger, Smith, Ulf, Snyder, Peter J., Solda, Francesca, Speiser, Phyllis W., St-Arnaud, René, Stewart, Elizabeth A., Stowasser, Michael, Straseski, Joely, Strauss, Jerome F., III, Styne, Dennis M., Swerdloff, Ronald S., Tabarin, Antoine, Tanavde, Ved, Taïeb, David, Thakker, Rajesh V., Thompson, Christopher J., Timmers, Henri J.L.M., Toppari, Jorma, Torpy, David J., Tsang, Venessa, Tsoukas, Michael A., Tufano, Ralph P., Tuttle, Katherine R., Udelsman, Robert, Umpierrez, Guillermo, Upton, Thomas J., Vaidya, Anand, Val, Pierre, Vasiljevic, Alexandre, Vaughan, Denis A., Vella, Adrian, Verlinden, Lieve, Vietor, Nicole O., Viglianti, Benjamin L., Vilain, Eric, Barisson Villares Fragoso, Maria Candida, Visser, W. Edward, Walford, Geoffrey, Walker, Marcella D., Wang, Christina, Weetman, Anthony P., Wei, Daimin, White, Kenneth E., White, Morris F., White, Perrin C., Whyte, Michael P., Williams, Matthew James, Witchel, Selma Feldman, Wong, Ka Kit, Wu, Frederick C.W., Wysolmerski, John J., Young, Morag J., Zennaro, Maria-Christina, Zimmerman, Michael B., and Zoeller, R. Thomas

Published
2023
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