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Impalement injury is an unique open injury which can be characterized by a penetrating, contused wound combining two distinct factors of stab wound and blunt trauma. Therefore, for its complexity appropriate managements are necessary in the treatment of this injury. From the review of nine impaled patients treated in our institute over the past seven years, the diagnosis and treatment especially perioperative management were evaluated. It was characteristic that all patients were hemodynamically stable without any episodes of hemorrhagic shock. In addition, enhanced CT scan was considered of great help obtaining an accurate route of impalement preoperatively. The patients of this type of injury may be well treated according to the following principles of perioperative managements; 1) the involved organs and the relationship to the great vessels should be assessed preoperatively; 2) the impaled object should be extricated under appropriate vascular control and direct vision; 3) the injured sites or organs should be appropriately managed; and 4) the route of impalement should be exposed as entirely as possible and debridement, hemostasis and drainage of the route should be completed.

Summary In an attempt to study the role of the myenteric plexus in Hirschsprung's disease, pyloric stenosis and achalasia of esophagus, a selective destructive lesion of the intramural ganglia has been experimentally produced in the respective parts of the gut by perfusion with Tyrode's solution containing 0.002 per cent of mercuric chloride. A nonorganic stenosis accompanied by proximal dilatation and muscular hypertrophy was successfully produced in these three areas. The mechanism of stenosis appears to be a tonic contraction of the smooth muscle. The induced functional stenosis of the lower esophagus and the distal colon of the dog appeared in all respects to be identical physiologically to that seen in achalasia and Hirschsprung's disease in patients. Destruction of the myenteric plexus of the pylorus has produced similar functional stenosis in the pyloric region, but failed to produce the muscular tumor characteristic of the infant with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Vagotomy has been carried out in a group of dogs for comparative study. Symptoms which mimic achalasia were produced, but motility studies have revealed it to be a reverse phenomenon, namely, an atonic dilatation of the whole esophagus.

Considering the starting performance of the car and the driver's foot motion the ratio-x-of the maximum transmitting torque of the friction clutch-Mo-to the maximum engine torque-ME-(x=MC/ME) is determined. The results obtained are as follows. x≒1.5 for passenger car x≒2 for generally used truck.

A special handsheet-making apparatus, in which the velocity component of the pulp suspension is parallel to the forming wire, was constructed. The tensile properties of the fiber oriented handsheets were compared with those of the TAPPI standard handsheets. Holocellulose and sulfate pulp of softwood were also used for making handsheets. The fiber angle distribution φ (θ) was expressed in Fourier series : φ (θ) =1+α1cos 2θ+α2 cos 4θ+α3 cos 6θ+…The coefficientsα1 andα2 were used for the characteristic values of the fiber orientation. It was found that the fiber orientation of the sheet prepared from holocellulose was higher than that of sulfate pulp.Astress-strain curve at a constant rate of elongation was normalized in such a way that the stress at 1mm elongation (2% strain) was one unit. Such a normalized curve was called a master curve. The master curves of the sheets prepared from the same pulp are almost the same irrespective of the degree of fiber orientation. The master curves in the machine and cross directions are also the same one.Namely, it may be possible to express the stress-strain curve by the shape of master curve, the stress at the constant strain and the ultimate strain. The value of f/w is the stress (at 2% strain) divided by the weight of test strip. The value of (f/w) r is the ratio of f/w of machine direction to that of cross direction, and it represents the degree of anisotropy of the sheet. The (f/w) r of the sheet treated with resins (melamine resine and polyvinyl acetate resin) is lower than that of the untreated sheet. The ultimate strain has no relation to the fiber orientation.

Two methods of analyzing the indicator diagram (damping force-stroke diagram) of the shock absorber test are introduced. One is numerical and theother is graphical. The graphical method is of practical use but should be used when the disc to which the shock absorber is fixed is comparatively small. With the use of the graphical method, single-hole type shock absorbers (simplest type) were tested and the effects of piston diameter, hole diameter, and viscosity of damping oil on the damping factor were investigated.

In this paper the authors give the opinnion that the difference between the sliding and statical friction coefficients of the friction clutch causes the longitudinal vibration of the motor-car when the car starts in spite of the normal engine running. And they calculate the period of the clutch transmitting torque which fluctuates because of the above-mendtioned reason.

Prepared by the Case Histories Committee for the Engineering Geology Division of the Geological Society of America, these histories are intended as reference material for the practicing geologist and for the college student. This volume, the ninth in the series, contains the following papers: Rapid excavation and the role of engineering geology; The engineering geologist’s role in hard rock tunnel machine selection; Some geological structural influences in quarrying limestone and dolomite; Geologic factors in rapid excavation with nuclear explosives; Theory of spacing of extension fracture; Experimental investigation of sliding friction in multilithologic specimens; Total systems approach to rapid excavation and its geological requirements; and more.

Fe-montmorillonite (Na0.3Fe3+1.7Mg0.3Si4O10(OH)2·H2O) was synthesized hydrothermally for 24 hours at 100 and 200 °C. XRD analysis showed the synthesized material to be crystalline Fe-montmorillonite without impurities, with d001=11-14.3 A and d06=1.52-1.53 A, respectively. The particle size of the material was found to be > 500 A by TEM. The X-ray photoelectron binding energy of Fe indicated that iron is present in smectite as Fe3+.