794 results on '"Toft, Sune"'
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252. Exhausted gas reservoirs drive massive galaxy quenching in the early universe
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Whitaker, Katherine, primary, Williams, Christina, additional, Mowla, Lamiya, additional, Spilker, Justin, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Narayanan, Desika, additional, Pope, Alexandra, additional, Magdis, Georgios, additional, Dokkum, Pieter van, additional, Akhshik, Mohammad, additional, Bezanson, Rachel, additional, Brammer, Gabriel, additional, Leja, Joel, additional, Man, Allison, additional, Nelson, Erica, additional, Richard, Johan, additional, Pacifici, Camilla, additional, Sharon, Keren, additional, and Valentino, Francesco, additional
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- 2020
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253. REQUIEM-2D Methodology: Spatially Resolved Stellar Populations of Massive Lensed Quiescent Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope 2D Grism Spectroscopy
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Akhshik, Mohammad, primary, Whitaker, Katherine E., additional, Brammer, Gabriel, additional, Mahler, Guillaume, additional, Sharon, Keren, additional, Leja, Joel, additional, Bayliss, Matthew B., additional, Bezanson, Rachel, additional, Gladders, Michael D., additional, Man, Allison, additional, Nelson, Erica J., additional, Rigby, Jane R., additional, Rizzo, Francesca, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Wellons, Sarah, additional, and Williams, Christina C., additional
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- 2020
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254. The ALPINE–ALMA [C ii] Survey: Size of Individual Star-forming Galaxies at z = 4–6 and Their Extended Halo Structure
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Fujimoto, Seiji, primary, Silverman, John D., additional, Bethermin, Matthieu, additional, Ginolfi, Michele, additional, Jones, Gareth C., additional, Le Fèvre, Olivier, additional, Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava, additional, Rujopakarn, Wiphu, additional, Faisst, Andreas L., additional, Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, additional, Cassata, Paolo, additional, Morselli, Laura, additional, Maiolino, Roberto, additional, Schaerer, Daniel, additional, Capak, Peter, additional, Yan, Lin, additional, Vallini, Livia, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Loiacono, Federica, additional, Zamorani, Gianni, additional, Talia, Margherita, additional, Narayanan, Desika, additional, Hathi, Nimish P., additional, Lemaux, Brian C., additional, Boquien, Médéric, additional, Amorin, Ricardo, additional, Ibar, Edo, additional, Koekemoer, Anton M., additional, Méndez-Hernández, Hugo, additional, Bardelli, Sandro, additional, Vergani, Daniela, additional, Zucca, Elena, additional, Romano, Michael, additional, and Cimatti, Andrea, additional
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- 2020
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255. RELICS: A Very Large (θ E ∼ 40″) Cluster Lens—RXC J0032.1+1808
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Acebron, Ana, primary, Zitrin, Adi, additional, Coe, Dan, additional, Mahler, Guillaume, additional, Sharon, Keren, additional, Oguri, Masamune, additional, Bradač, Maruša, additional, Bradley, Larry D., additional, Frye, Brenda, additional, Forman, Christine J., additional, Strait, Victoria, additional, Su, Yuanyuan, additional, Umetsu, Keiichi, additional, Andrade-Santos, Felipe, additional, Avila, Roberto J., additional, Carrasco, Daniela, additional, Cerny, Catherine, additional, Czakon, Nicole G., additional, Dawson, William A., additional, Fox, Carter, additional, Hoag, Austin T., additional, Huang, Kuang-Han, additional, Johnson, Traci L., additional, Kikuchihara, Shotaro, additional, Lam, Daniel, additional, Lovisari, Lorenzo, additional, Mainali, Ramesh, additional, Nonino, Mario, additional, Oesch, Pascal A., additional, Ogaz, Sara, additional, Ouchi, Masami, additional, Past, Matthew, additional, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, additional, Peterson, Avery, additional, Ryan, Russell E., additional, Salmon, Brett, additional, Stark, Daniel P., additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Trenti, Michele, additional, Vulcani, Benedetta, additional, and Welch, Brian, additional
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- 2020
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256. Erratum: “Stellar Velocity Dispersion of a Massive Quenching Galaxy at z = 4.01” (2019, ApJL, 885, L34)
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Tanaka, Masayuki, primary, Valentino, Francesco, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Onodera, Masato, additional, Shimakawa, Rhythm, additional, Ceverino, Daniel, additional, Faisst, Andreas L., additional, Gallazzi, Anna, additional, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, additional, Kubo, Mariko, additional, Magdis, Georgios E., additional, Steinhardt, Charles L., additional, Stockmann, Mikkel, additional, Yabe, Kiyoto, additional, and Zabl, Johannes, additional
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- 2020
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257. The BUFFALO HST Survey
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Steinhardt, Charles L., primary, Jauzac, Mathilde, additional, Acebron, Ana, additional, Atek, Hakim, additional, Capak, Peter, additional, Davidzon, Iary, additional, Eckert, Dominique, additional, Harvey, David, additional, Koekemoer, Anton M., additional, Lagos, Claudia D. P., additional, Mahler, Guillaume, additional, Montes, Mireia, additional, Niemiec, Anna, additional, Nonino, Mario, additional, Oesch, P. A., additional, Richard, Johan, additional, Rodney, Steven A., additional, Schaller, Matthieu, additional, Sharon, Keren, additional, Strolger, Louis-Gregory, additional, Allingham, Joseph, additional, Amara, Adam, additional, Bahé, Yannick, additional, Bœhm, Céline, additional, Bose, Sownak, additional, Bouwens, Rychard J., additional, Bradley, Larry D., additional, Brammer, Gabriel, additional, Broadhurst, Tom, additional, Cañas, Rodrigo, additional, Cen, Renyue, additional, Clément, Benjamin, additional, Clowe, Douglas, additional, Coe, Dan, additional, Connor, Thomas, additional, Darvish, Behnam, additional, Diego, Jose M., additional, Ebeling, Harald, additional, Edge, A. C., additional, Egami, Eiichi, additional, Ettori, Stefano, additional, Faisst, Andreas L., additional, Frye, Brenda, additional, Furtak, Lukas J., additional, Gómez-Guijarro, C., additional, Remolina González, J. D., additional, Gonzalez, Anthony, additional, Graur, Or, additional, Gruen, Daniel, additional, Hensley, Hagan, additional, Hovis-Afflerbach, Beryl, additional, Jablonka, Pascale, additional, Jha, Saurabh W., additional, Jullo, Eric, additional, Kneib, Jean-Paul, additional, Kokorev, Vasily, additional, Lagattuta, David J., additional, Limousin, Marceau, additional, von der Linden, Anja, additional, Linzer, Nora B., additional, Lopez, Adrian, additional, Magdis, Georgios E., additional, Massey, Richard, additional, Masters, Daniel C., additional, Maturi, Matteo, additional, McCully, Curtis, additional, McGee, Sean L., additional, Meneghetti, Massimo, additional, Mobasher, Bahram, additional, Moustakas, Leonidas A., additional, Murphy, Eric J., additional, Natarajan, Priyamvada, additional, Neyrinck, Mark, additional, O’Connor, Kyle, additional, Oguri, Masamune, additional, Pagul, Amanda, additional, Rhodes, Jason, additional, Rich, R. Michael, additional, Robertson, Andrew, additional, Sereno, Mauro, additional, Shan, Huanyuan, additional, Smith, Graham P., additional, Sneppen, Albert, additional, Squires, Gordon K., additional, Tam, Sut-Ieng, additional, Tchernin, Céline, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Umetsu, Keiichi, additional, Weaver, John R., additional, van Weeren, R. J., additional, Williams, Liliya L. R., additional, Wilson, Tom J., additional, Yan, Lin, additional, and Zitrin, Adi, additional
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- 2020
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258. The Archival Discovery of a Strong Ly α and [C ii ] Emitter at z = 7.677.
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Valentino, Francesco, Brammer, Gabriel, Fujimoto, Seiji, Heintz, Kasper E., Weaver, John R., Strait, Victoria, Gould, Katriona M. L., Mason, Charlotte, Watson, Darach, Laursen, Peter, and Toft, Sune
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- 2022
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259. Deceptively cold dust in the massive starburst galaxy GN20 at z similar to 4
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Cortzen, Isabella, Magdis, Georgios E., Valentino, Francesco, Daddi, Emanuele, Liu, Daizhong, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, Sargent, Mark, Riechers, Dominik, Cormier, Diane, Hodge, Jacqueline A., Walter, Fabian, Elbaz, David, Bethermin, Matthieu, Greve, Thomas R., Kokorev, Vasily, and Toft, Sune
- Subjects
ISM [galaxies] ,starburst [galaxies] ,evolution [galaxies] ,high-redshift [galaxies] - Published
- 2020
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260. RELICS: A Very Large ($\theta_{E}\sim40'$) Cluster Lens -- RXC J0032.1+1808
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Acebron, Ana, Zitrin, Adi, Coe, Dan, Mahler, Guillaume, Sharon, Keren, Oguri, Masamune, Bradač, Maruša, Bradley, Larry, Frye, Brenda, Forman, Christine J., Strait, Victoria, Su, Yuanyuan, Umetsu, Keiichi, Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Avila, Roberto J., Carrasco, Daniela, Cerny, Catherine, Czakon, Nicole G., Dawson, William A., Fox, Carter, Hoag, Austin T., Huang, Kuang-Han, Johnson, Traci L., Kikuchihara, Shotaro, Lam, Daniel, Lovisari, Lorenzo, Mainali, Ramesh, Nonino, Mario, Oesch, Pascal A., Ogaz, Sara, Ouchi, Masami, Past, Matthew, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, Peterson, Avery, Ryan, Russell E., Salmon, Brett, Stark, Daniel P., Toft, Sune, Trenti, Michele, Vulcani, Benedetta, and Welch, Brian
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Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Extensive surveys with the \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} (HST) over the past decade, targeting some of the most massive clusters in the sky, have uncovered dozens of galaxy-cluster strong lenses. The massive cluster strong-lens scale is typically $\theta_{E}\sim10\arcsec$ to $\sim30-35\arcsec$, with only a handful of clusters known with Einstein radii $\theta_{E}\sim40\arcsec$ or above (for $z_{source}=2$, nominally). Here we report another very large cluster lens, RXC J0032.1+1808 ($z=0.3956$), the second richest cluster in the redMapper cluster catalog and the 85th most massive cluster in the Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich catalog. With our Light-Traces-Mass and fully parametric (dPIEeNFW) approaches, we construct strong lensing models based on 18 multiple images of 5 background galaxies newly identified in the \textit{Hubble} data mainly from the \textit{Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey} (RELICS), in addition to a known sextuply imaged system in this cluster. Furthermore, we compare these models to Lenstool and GLAFIC models that were produced independently as part of the RELICS program. All models reveal a large effective Einstein radius of $\theta_{E}\simeq40\arcsec$ ($z_{source}=2$), owing to the obvious concentration of substructures near the cluster center. Although RXC J0032.1+1808 has a very large critical area and high lensing strength, only three magnified high-redshift candidates are found within the field targeted by RELICS. Nevertheless, we expect many more high-redshift candidates will be seen in wider and deeper observations with \textit{Hubble} or \emph{JWST}. Finally, the comparison between several algorithms demonstrates that the total error budget is largely dominated by systematic uncertainties., Comment: 23 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ
- Published
- 2019
261. The Farmer: Improved model-based photometry for the next generation of galaxy surveys
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Weaver, John, Toft, Sune, Iary Davidzon, Capak, Peter, and McCracken, Henry
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Astrostatistics ,Galaxy Evolution ,Galaxies ,Software - Abstract
While the increasing depth and area of galaxy surveys promise definitive high-redshift studies, ever more crowded sources challenge current photometric methodology. Pressed by the declining ratio of galaxies with spectroscopy to those without, we must pioneer methods to characterize these increasingly faint sources. Recent work by Lang and Hogg (2016) has provided another toolkit: The Tractor. By leveraging our understanding of galaxy morphologies, the Tractor is able to force galaxy models derived from high-resolution images onto less resolved ones, with superior deblending and robust photometric redshifts– advantageous for high-redshift studies. We present the Farmer, a comprehensive software interfacing with The Tractor to detect sources, efficiently determine the best model type for each source, and perform forced photometry in a scalable architecture. Built in part to exploit the future synergies of Spitzer/Euclid, the Farmer is here showcased with results from the next COSMOS catalog.
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- 2019
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262. Deceptively cold dust in the massive starburst galaxy GN20 at z∼4
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Cortzen, Isabella, Magdis, Georgios E., Valentino, Francesco, Daddi, Emanuele, Liu, Daizhong, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, Sargent, Mark, Riechers, Dominik, Cormier, Diane, Hodge, Jacqueline A., Walter, Fabian, Elbaz, David, Béthermin, Matthieu, Greve, Thomas R., Kokorev, Vasily, Toft, Sune, Cortzen, Isabella, Magdis, Georgios E., Valentino, Francesco, Daddi, Emanuele, Liu, Daizhong, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, Sargent, Mark, Riechers, Dominik, Cormier, Diane, Hodge, Jacqueline A., Walter, Fabian, Elbaz, David, Béthermin, Matthieu, Greve, Thomas R., Kokorev, Vasily, and Toft, Sune
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- 2020
263. Deceptively cold dust in the massive starburst galaxy GN20 at $z\sim4$
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Cortzen, Isabella, Magdis, Georgios E., Valentino, Francesco, Daddi, Emanuele, Liu, Daizhong, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, Sargent, Mark, Riechers, Dominik, Cormier, Diane, Hodge, Jacqueline A., Walter, Fabian, Elbaz, David, Béthermin, Matthieu, Greve, Thomas R., Kokorev, Vasily, Toft, Sune, Cortzen, Isabella, Magdis, Georgios E., Valentino, Francesco, Daddi, Emanuele, Liu, Daizhong, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, Sargent, Mark, Riechers, Dominik, Cormier, Diane, Hodge, Jacqueline A., Walter, Fabian, Elbaz, David, Béthermin, Matthieu, Greve, Thomas R., Kokorev, Vasily, and Toft, Sune
- Abstract
We present new observations, carried out with IRAM NOEMA, of the atomic neutral carbon transitions [CI](1-0) at 492 GHz and [CI](2-1) at 809 GHz of GN20, a well-studied star-bursting galaxy at $z=4.05$. The high luminosity line ratio [CI](2-1)/[CI](1-0) implies an excitation temperature of $48^{+14}_{-9}$ K, which is significantly higher than the apparent dust temperature of $T_{\rm d}=33\pm2$ K ($\beta=1.9$) derived under the common assumption of an optically thin far-infrared dust emission, but fully consistent with $T_{\rm d}=52\pm5$ K of a general opacity model where the optical depth ($\tau$) reaches unity at a wavelength of $\lambda_0=170\pm23$ $\mu$m. Moreover, the general opacity solution returns a factor of $\sim 2\times$ lower dust mass and, hence, a lower molecular gas mass for a fixed gas-to-dust ratio, than with the optically thin dust model. The derived properties of GN20 thus provide an appealing solution to the puzzling discovery of starbursts appearing colder than main-sequence galaxies above $z>2.5$, in addition to a lower dust-to-stellar mass ratio that approaches the physical value predicted for starburst galaxies., Comment: Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters on February 4th 2020
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- 2020
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264. A Method to Distinguish Quiescent and Dusty Star-forming Galaxies with Machine Learning
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Steinhardt, Charles L., Weaver, John R., Maxfield, Jack, Davidzon, Iary, Faisst, Andreas L., Masters, Dan, Schemel, Madeline, Toft, Sune, Steinhardt, Charles L., Weaver, John R., Maxfield, Jack, Davidzon, Iary, Faisst, Andreas L., Masters, Dan, Schemel, Madeline, and Toft, Sune
- Abstract
Large photometric surveys provide a rich source of observations of quiescent galaxies, including a surprisingly large population at z>1. However, identifying large, but clean, samples of quiescent galaxies has proven difficult because of their near-degeneracy with interlopers such as dusty, star-forming galaxies. We describe a new technique for selecting quiescent galaxies based upon t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), an unsupervised machine learning algorithm for dimensionality reduction. This t-SNE selection provides an improvement both over UVJ, removing interlopers which otherwise would pass color selection, and over photometric template fitting, more strongly towards high redshift. Due to the similarity between the colors of high- and low-redshift quiescent galaxies, under our assumptions t-SNE outperforms template fitting in 63% of trials at redshifts where a large training sample already exists. It also may be able to select quiescent galaxies more efficiently at higher redshifts than the training sample., Comment: ApJ, in press
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- 2020
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265. The BUFFALO HST Survey
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Steinhardt, Charles L., Jauzac, Mathilde, Acebron, Ana, Atek, Hakim, Capak, Peter, Davidzon, Iary, Eckert, Dominique, Harvey, David, Koekemoer, Anton M., Lagos, Claudia D. P., Mahler, Guillaume, Montes, Mireia, Niemiec, Anna, Nonino, Mario, Oesch, P. A., Richard, Johan, Rodney, Steven A., Schaller, Matthieu, Sharon, Keren, Strolger, Louis-Gregory, Allingham, Joseph, Amara, Adam, Bah'e, Yannick, Boehm, Celine, Bose, Sownak, Bouwens, Rychard J., Bradley, Larry D., Brammer, Gabriel, Broadhurst, Tom, Canas, Rodrigo, Cen, Renyue, Clement, Benjamin, Clowe, Douglas, Coe, Dan, Connor, Thomas, Darvish, Behnam, Diego, Jose M., Ebeling, Harald, Edge, A. C., Egami, Eiichi, Ettori, Stefano, Faisst, Andreas L., Frye, Brenda, Furtak, Lukas J., Gomez-Guijarro, C., Gonzalez, J. D. Remolina, Gonzalez, Anthony, Graur, Or, Gruen, Daniel, Hensley, Hagan, Hovis-Afflerbach, Beryl, Jablonka, Pascale, Jha, Saurabh W., Jullo, Eric, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Kokorev, Vasily, Lagattuta, David J., Limousin, Marceau, von der Linden, Anja, Linzer, Nora B., Lopez, Adrian, Magdis, Georgios E., Massey, Richard, Masters, Daniel C., Maturi, Matteo, McCully, Curtis, McGee, Sean L., Meneghetti, Massimo, Mobasher, Bahram, Moustakas, Leonidas A., Murphy, Eric J., Natarajan, Priyamvada, Neyrinck, Mark, O'Connor, Kyle, Oguri, Masamune, Pagul, Amanda, Rhodes, Jason, Rich, R. Michael, Robertson, Andrew, Sereno, Mauro, Shan, Huanyuan, Smith, Graham P., Sneppen, Albert, Squires, Gordon K., Tam, Sut-Ieng, Tchernin, Celine, Toft, Sune, Umetsu, Keiichi, Weaver, John R., van Weeren, R. J., Williams, Liliya L. R., Wilson, Tom J., Yan, Lin, Zitrin, Adi, Steinhardt, Charles L., Jauzac, Mathilde, Acebron, Ana, Atek, Hakim, Capak, Peter, Davidzon, Iary, Eckert, Dominique, Harvey, David, Koekemoer, Anton M., Lagos, Claudia D. P., Mahler, Guillaume, Montes, Mireia, Niemiec, Anna, Nonino, Mario, Oesch, P. A., Richard, Johan, Rodney, Steven A., Schaller, Matthieu, Sharon, Keren, Strolger, Louis-Gregory, Allingham, Joseph, Amara, Adam, Bah'e, Yannick, Boehm, Celine, Bose, Sownak, Bouwens, Rychard J., Bradley, Larry D., Brammer, Gabriel, Broadhurst, Tom, Canas, Rodrigo, Cen, Renyue, Clement, Benjamin, Clowe, Douglas, Coe, Dan, Connor, Thomas, Darvish, Behnam, Diego, Jose M., Ebeling, Harald, Edge, A. C., Egami, Eiichi, Ettori, Stefano, Faisst, Andreas L., Frye, Brenda, Furtak, Lukas J., Gomez-Guijarro, C., Gonzalez, J. D. Remolina, Gonzalez, Anthony, Graur, Or, Gruen, Daniel, Hensley, Hagan, Hovis-Afflerbach, Beryl, Jablonka, Pascale, Jha, Saurabh W., Jullo, Eric, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Kokorev, Vasily, Lagattuta, David J., Limousin, Marceau, von der Linden, Anja, Linzer, Nora B., Lopez, Adrian, Magdis, Georgios E., Massey, Richard, Masters, Daniel C., Maturi, Matteo, McCully, Curtis, McGee, Sean L., Meneghetti, Massimo, Mobasher, Bahram, Moustakas, Leonidas A., Murphy, Eric J., Natarajan, Priyamvada, Neyrinck, Mark, O'Connor, Kyle, Oguri, Masamune, Pagul, Amanda, Rhodes, Jason, Rich, R. Michael, Robertson, Andrew, Sereno, Mauro, Shan, Huanyuan, Smith, Graham P., Sneppen, Albert, Squires, Gordon K., Tam, Sut-Ieng, Tchernin, Celine, Toft, Sune, Umetsu, Keiichi, Weaver, John R., van Weeren, R. J., Williams, Liliya L. R., Wilson, Tom J., Yan, Lin, and Zitrin, Adi
- Abstract
The Beyond Ultra-deep Frontier Fields and Legacy Observations (BUFFALO) is a 101 orbit + 101 parallel Cycle 25 Hubble Space Telescope Treasury program taking data from 2018-2020. BUFFALO will expand existing coverage of the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) in WFC3/IR F105W, F125W, and F160W and ACS/WFC F606W and F814W around each of the six HFF clusters and flanking fields. This additional area has not been observed by HST but is already covered by deep multi-wavelength datasets, including Spitzer and Chandra. As with the original HFF program, BUFFALO is designed to take advantage of gravitational lensing from massive clusters to simultaneously find high-redshift galaxies which would otherwise lie below HST detection limits and model foreground clusters to study properties of dark matter and galaxy assembly. The expanded area will provide a first opportunity to study both cosmic variance at high redshift and galaxy assembly in the outskirts of the large HFF clusters. Five additional orbits are reserved for transient followup. BUFFALO data including mosaics, value-added catalogs and cluster mass distribution models will be released via MAST on a regular basis, as the observations and analysis are completed for the six individual clusters., Comment: Accepted ApJS; MAST archive will be live concurrent with publication
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- 2020
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266. Recent Star-formation in a Massive Slowly-Quenched Lensed Quiescent Galaxy at z=1.88
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Akhshik, Mohammad, Whitaker, Katherine E., Leja, Joel, Mahler, Guillaume, Sharon, Keren, Brammer, Gabriel, Toft, Sune, Bezanson, Rachel, Man, Allison, Nelson, Erica J., Pacifici, Camilla, Wellons, Sarah, Williams, Christina C., Akhshik, Mohammad, Whitaker, Katherine E., Leja, Joel, Mahler, Guillaume, Sharon, Keren, Brammer, Gabriel, Toft, Sune, Bezanson, Rachel, Man, Allison, Nelson, Erica J., Pacifici, Camilla, Wellons, Sarah, and Williams, Christina C.
- Abstract
In this letter, we reconstruct the formation pathway of MRG-S0851, a massive, $\log M_*/M_\odot=11.02\pm0.04$, strongly lensed, red, galaxy at $z=1.883\pm0.001$. While the global photometry and spatially-resolved outskirts of MRG-S0851 imply an early-formation scenario with a slowly decreasing or constant star-formation history, a joint fit of 2D grism spectroscopy and photometry reveals a more complex scenario: MRG-S0851 is likely to be experiencing a centrally-concentrated rejuvenation in the inner $\sim$1 kpc in the last $\sim$100 Myr of evolution. We estimate $0.5\pm0.1\%$ of the total stellar mass is formed in this phase. Rejuvenation episodes are suggested to be infrequent for massive galaxies at $z\sim2$, but as our analyses indicate, more examples of complex star-formation histories may yet be hidden within existing data. By adding a FUV color criterion to the standard U-V/V-J diagnostic, thereby heightening our sensitivity to recent star formation, we show that we can select populations of galaxies with similar spectral energy distributions to that of MRG-S0851, but note that deep follow-up spectroscopic observations and/or spatially resolved analyses are necessary to robustly confirm the rejuvenation of these candidates. Using our criteria with MRG-S0851 as a prototype, we estimate that $\sim$1\% of massive quiescent galaxies at $1
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- 2020
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267. The Fundamental Plane of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z~2
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Stockmann, Mikkel, Jørgensen, Inger, Toft, Sune, Conselice, Christopher J., Faisst, Andreas, Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, Gallazzi, Anna, Zibetti, Stefano, Brammer, Gabriel B., Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Hirschmann, Michaela, Lagos, Claudia D., Valentino, Francesco M., Zabl, Johannes, Stockmann, Mikkel, Jørgensen, Inger, Toft, Sune, Conselice, Christopher J., Faisst, Andreas, Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, Gallazzi, Anna, Zibetti, Stefano, Brammer, Gabriel B., Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Hirschmann, Michaela, Lagos, Claudia D., Valentino, Francesco M., and Zabl, Johannes
- Abstract
We examine the Fundamental Plane (FP) and mass-to-light ratio ($M/L$) scaling relations using the largest sample of massive quiescent galaxies at $1.5
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- 2020
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268. REQUIEM-2D: Spatially Resolved Stellar Populations from HST 2D Grism Spectroscopy
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Akhshik, Mohammad, Whitaker, Katherine E., Brammer, Gabriel, Mahler, Guillaume, Sharon, Keren, Leja, Joel, Bayliss, Matthew B., Bezanson, Rachel, Gladders, Michael D., Man, Allison, Nelson, Erica J., Rigby, Jane R., Rizzo, Francesca, Toft, Sune, Wellons, Sarah, Williams, Christina C., Akhshik, Mohammad, Whitaker, Katherine E., Brammer, Gabriel, Mahler, Guillaume, Sharon, Keren, Leja, Joel, Bayliss, Matthew B., Bezanson, Rachel, Gladders, Michael D., Man, Allison, Nelson, Erica J., Rigby, Jane R., Rizzo, Francesca, Toft, Sune, Wellons, Sarah, and Williams, Christina C.
- Abstract
We present a novel Bayesian methodology to jointly model photometry and deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 2d grism spectroscopy of high-redshift galaxies. Our requiem2d code measures both unresolved and resolved stellar populations, ages, and star-formation histories (SFHs) for the ongoing REQIUEM (REsolving QUIEscent Magnified) Galaxies Survey, which targets strong gravitationally lensed quiescent galaxies at z~2. We test the accuracy of \texttt{requiem2d} using a simulated sample of massive galaxies at z~2 from the Illustris cosmological simulation and find we recover the general trends in SFH and median stellar ages. We further present a pilot study for the REQUIEM Galaxies Survey: MRG-S0851, a quintuply-imaged, massive ($\log M_* / M_\odot = 11.02 \pm 0.04$) red galaxy at $z=1.883\pm 0.001$. With an estimated gravitational magnification of $\mu = 5.7^{+0.4}_{-0.2}$, we sample the stellar populations on 0.6 kpc physical size bins. The global mass-weighted median age is constrained to be $1.8_{-0.2}^{+0.3}$ Gyr, and our spatially resolved analysis reveals that MRG-S0851 has a flat age gradient in the inner 3 kpc core after taking into account the subtle effects of dust and metallicity on age measurements, favoring an early formation scenario. The analysis for the full REQUIEM-2D sample will be presented in a forthcoming paper with a beta-release of the requiem2d code., Comment: 29 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
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- 2020
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269. The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey:Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties
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Bethermin, M., Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, Ginolfi, Michele, Loiacono, Federica, Khusanova, Y., Capak, Peter, Cassata, P., Faisst, Andreas, Le Fevre, Olivier, Schaerer, D., Silverman, J.D., Yan, Liming, Amorin, R., Bardelli, S., Boquien, M., Cimatti, Andrea, Davidzon, Iary, Dessauge-Zavadsky, M., Fujimoto, Seiji, Gruppioni, C., Hathi, Nimish, Ibar, E., Jones, Gareth C., Koekemoer, A. M., Lagache, G., Lemaux, B. C., Moreau, C, Oesch, Pascal A., Pozzi, F., Riechers, D., Talia, Margherita, Toft, Sune, Vallini, Livia, Vergani, D., Zamorani, Gianni, Zucca, E, Bethermin, M., Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, Ginolfi, Michele, Loiacono, Federica, Khusanova, Y., Capak, Peter, Cassata, P., Faisst, Andreas, Le Fevre, Olivier, Schaerer, D., Silverman, J.D., Yan, Liming, Amorin, R., Bardelli, S., Boquien, M., Cimatti, Andrea, Davidzon, Iary, Dessauge-Zavadsky, M., Fujimoto, Seiji, Gruppioni, C., Hathi, Nimish, Ibar, E., Jones, Gareth C., Koekemoer, A. M., Lagache, G., Lemaux, B. C., Moreau, C, Oesch, Pascal A., Pozzi, F., Riechers, D., Talia, Margherita, Toft, Sune, Vallini, Livia, Vergani, D., Zamorani, Gianni, and Zucca, E
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- 2020
270. REQUIEM-2D Methodology:Spatially Resolved Stellar Populations of Massive Lensed Quiescent Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope 2D Grism Spectroscopy
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Akhshik, Mohammad, Whitaker, Katherine E., Brammer, Gabriel, Mahler, Guillaume, Sharon, Keren, Leja, Joel, Bayliss, Matthew B., Bezanson, Rachel, Gladders, Michael D., Man, Allison, Nelson, Erica J., Rigby, Jane R., Rizzo, Francesca, Toft, Sune, Wellons, Sarah, Williams, Christina C., Akhshik, Mohammad, Whitaker, Katherine E., Brammer, Gabriel, Mahler, Guillaume, Sharon, Keren, Leja, Joel, Bayliss, Matthew B., Bezanson, Rachel, Gladders, Michael D., Man, Allison, Nelson, Erica J., Rigby, Jane R., Rizzo, Francesca, Toft, Sune, Wellons, Sarah, and Williams, Christina C.
- Abstract
We present a novel Bayesian methodology to jointly model photometry and deep Hubble Space Telescope 2D grism spectroscopy of high-redshift galaxies. Our requiem2d code measures both unresolved and resolved stellar populations, ages, and star formation histories (SFHs) for the ongoing REsolving QUIEscent Magnified (REQUIEM) Galaxies Survey, which targets strong gravitationally lensed quiescent galaxies a z similar to 2. We test the accuracy of requiem2d using a simulated sample of massive galaxies at z similar to 2 from the Illustris cosmological simulation and find that we recover the general trends in SFH and median stellar ages. We further present a pilot study for the REQUIEM Galaxies Survey: MRG-S0851, a quintuply imaged, massive (logM/M-circle dot = 11.02 +/- 0.04) red galaxy at z = 1.883.+/-.0.001. With an estimated gravitational magnification of mu = 5.7(-0.2)(+0.4), we sample the stellar populations on 0.6 kpc physical size bins. The global mass-weighted median age is constrained to be 1.8(-0.2)(+0.3) Gyr, and our spatially resolved analysis reveals that MRG-S0851 has a flat age gradient in the inner 3 kpc core after taking into account the subtle effects of dust and metallicity on age measurements, favoring an early formation scenario. The analysis for the full REQUIEM-2D sample will be presented in a forthcoming paper with a beta release of the requiem2d code.
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- 2020
271. The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey:Size of Individual Star-forming Galaxies at z=4-6 and Their Extended Halo Structure
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Fujimoto, Seiji, Silverman, John D., Bethermin, Matthieu, Ginolfi, Michele, Jones, Gareth C., Le Fevre, Olivier, Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava, Rujopakarn, Wiphu, Faisst, Andreas L., Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, Cassata, Paolo, Morselli, Laura, Maiolino, Roberto, Schaerer, Daniel, Capak, Peter, Yan, Lin, Vallini, Livia, Toft, Sune, Loiacono, Federica, Zamorani, Gianni, Talia, Margherita, Narayanan, Desika, Hathi, Nimish P., Lemaux, Brian C., Boquien, Mederic, Amorin, Ricardo, Ibar, Edo, Koekemoer, Anton M., Mendez-Hernandez, Hugo, Bardelli, Sandro, Vergani, Daniela, Zucca, Elena, Romano, Michael, Cimatti, Andrea, Fujimoto, Seiji, Silverman, John D., Bethermin, Matthieu, Ginolfi, Michele, Jones, Gareth C., Le Fevre, Olivier, Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava, Rujopakarn, Wiphu, Faisst, Andreas L., Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, Cassata, Paolo, Morselli, Laura, Maiolino, Roberto, Schaerer, Daniel, Capak, Peter, Yan, Lin, Vallini, Livia, Toft, Sune, Loiacono, Federica, Zamorani, Gianni, Talia, Margherita, Narayanan, Desika, Hathi, Nimish P., Lemaux, Brian C., Boquien, Mederic, Amorin, Ricardo, Ibar, Edo, Koekemoer, Anton M., Mendez-Hernandez, Hugo, Bardelli, Sandro, Vergani, Daniela, Zucca, Elena, Romano, Michael, and Cimatti, Andrea
- Abstract
We present the physical extent of [C II] 158 mu m line-emitting gas from 46 star-forming galaxies at z.=.4-6 from the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate C II at Early Times (ALPINE). Using exponential profile fits, we measure the effective radius of the [C II] line (r(e),([C II])) for individual galaxies and compare them with the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) continuum (re, UV) from Hubble Space Telescope images. The effective radius r(e),([C II]) exceeds r(e, UV) by factors of similar to 2-3, and the ratio of r(e),([C II])/r(e, UV) increases as a function of M-star. We do not find strong evidence that the [C II] line, rest-frame UV, and far-infrared (FIR) continuum are always displaced over similar or equal to 1 kpc scale from each other. We identify 30% of isolated ALPINE sources as having an extended [C II] component over 10 kpc scales detected at 4.1s-10.9s beyond the size of rest-frame UV and FIR continuum. One object has tentative rotating features up to similar to 10 kpc, where the 3D model fit shows the rotating [C II]-gas disk spread over 4 times larger than the rest-frame UV-emitting region. Galaxies with the extended [C II] line structure have high star formation rate, high stellar mass (M-star), low Ly alpha equivalent width, and more blueshifted (redshifted) rest-frame UV metal absorption (Ly alpha line), as compared to galaxies without such extended [C II] structures. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that a selection bias toward luminous objects may be responsible for such trends, the star-formation-driven outflow also explains all these trends. Deeper observations are essential to test whether the extended [C II] line structures are ubiquitous to high-z star-forming galaxies.
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- 2020
272. RELICS:A Very Large (theta(E) similar to 40 ') Cluster Lens-RXC J0032.1+1808
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Acebron, Ana, Zitrin, Adi, Coe, Dan, Mahler, Guillaume, Sharon, Keren, Oguri, Masamune, Bradac, Marusa, Bradley, Larry D., Frye, Brenda, Forman, Christine J., Strait, Victoria, Su, Yuanyuan, Umetsu, Keiichi, Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Avila, Roberto J., Carrasco, Daniela, Cerny, Catherine, Czakon, Nicole G., Dawson, William A., Fox, Carter, Hoag, Austin T., Huang, Kuang-Han, Johnson, Traci L., Kikuchihara, Shotaro, Lam, Daniel, Lovisari, Lorenzo, Mainali, Ramesh, Nonino, Mario, Oesch, Pascal A., Ogaz, Sara, Ouchi, Masami, Past, Matthew, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, Peterson, Avery, Ryan, Russell E., Salmon, Brett, Stark, Daniel P., Toft, Sune, Trenti, Michele, Vulcani, Benedetta, Welch, Brian, Acebron, Ana, Zitrin, Adi, Coe, Dan, Mahler, Guillaume, Sharon, Keren, Oguri, Masamune, Bradac, Marusa, Bradley, Larry D., Frye, Brenda, Forman, Christine J., Strait, Victoria, Su, Yuanyuan, Umetsu, Keiichi, Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Avila, Roberto J., Carrasco, Daniela, Cerny, Catherine, Czakon, Nicole G., Dawson, William A., Fox, Carter, Hoag, Austin T., Huang, Kuang-Han, Johnson, Traci L., Kikuchihara, Shotaro, Lam, Daniel, Lovisari, Lorenzo, Mainali, Ramesh, Nonino, Mario, Oesch, Pascal A., Ogaz, Sara, Ouchi, Masami, Past, Matthew, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, Peterson, Avery, Ryan, Russell E., Salmon, Brett, Stark, Daniel P., Toft, Sune, Trenti, Michele, Vulcani, Benedetta, and Welch, Brian
- Abstract
Extensive surveys with the Hubble Space Telescope over the past decade, targeting some of the most massive clusters in the sky, have uncovered dozens of galaxy cluster strong lenses. The massive cluster strong-lens scale is typically(E) similar to 10 '' to similar to 30 ''-35 '', with only a handful of clusters known with Einstein radii(E) similar to 40 '' or above (forz(source) = 2, nominally). Here we report another very large cluster lens, RXC J0032.1+1808 (z = 0.3956), the second-richest cluster in the redMapper cluster catalog and the 85th most massive cluster in the Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich catalog. With our light-traces-mass and fully parametric approaches, we construct strong-lensing models based on 18 multiple images of five background galaxies newly identified in the Hubble data, mainly from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS), in addition to a known sextuply imaged system in this cluster. Furthermore, we compare these models to Lenstool and GLAFIC models that were produced independently as part of the RELICS program. All models reveal a large effective Einstein radius of(E) 40 '' (z(source) = 2), owing to the obvious concentration of substructures near the cluster center. Although RXC J0032.1+1808 has a very large critical area and high lensing strength, only three magnified high-redshift candidates are found within the field targeted by RELICS. Nevertheless, we expect many more high-redshift candidates will be seen in wider and deeper observations with Hubble or the James Webb Space Telescope. Finally, the comparison between several algorithms demonstrates that the total error budget is largely dominated by systematic uncertainties.
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- 2020
273. X-shooter Spectroscopy and HST Imaging of 15 Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z ≳ 2
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Stockmann, Mikkel, Toft, Sune, Gallazzi, Anna, Zibetti, Stefano, Conselice, Christopher J., Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, Zabl, Johannes, Jørgensen, Inger, Magdis, Georgios E., Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Valentino, Francesco M., Brammer, Gabriel B., Ceverino, Daniel, Cortzen, Isabella, Davidzon, Iary, Demarco, Richardo, Faisst, Andreas, Hirschmann, Michaela, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Lagos, Claudia D., Man, Allison W. S., Mundy, Carl J., Peng, Yingjie, Selsing, Jonatan, Steinhardt, Charles L., Whitaker, Kathrine E., Stockmann, Mikkel, Toft, Sune, Gallazzi, Anna, Zibetti, Stefano, Conselice, Christopher J., Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, Zabl, Johannes, Jørgensen, Inger, Magdis, Georgios E., Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Valentino, Francesco M., Brammer, Gabriel B., Ceverino, Daniel, Cortzen, Isabella, Davidzon, Iary, Demarco, Richardo, Faisst, Andreas, Hirschmann, Michaela, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Lagos, Claudia D., Man, Allison W. S., Mundy, Carl J., Peng, Yingjie, Selsing, Jonatan, Steinhardt, Charles L., and Whitaker, Kathrine E.
- Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed massive quiescent galaxies (MQGs; log(M */M ⊙) ∼ 11.5) at z ≳ 2. This sample comprises 15 galaxies selected in the COSMOS and UDS fields by their bright K-band magnitudes and followed up with Very Large Telescope (VLT) X-shooter spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 H F160W imaging. These observations allow us to unambiguously confirm their redshifts, ascertain their quiescent nature and stellar ages, and reliably assess their internal kinematics and effective radii. We find that these galaxies are compact, consistent with the high-mass end of the stellar mass–size relation for quiescent galaxies at z = 2. Moreover, the distribution of the measured stellar velocity dispersions of the sample is consistent with the most massive local early-type galaxies from the MASSIVE Survey, showing that evolution in these galaxies is dominated by changes in size. The HST images reveal, as surprisingly high, that 40% of the sample has tidal features suggestive of mergers and companions in close proximity, including three galaxies experiencing ongoing major mergers. The absence of velocity dispersion evolution from z = 2 to 0, coupled with a doubling of the stellar mass, with a factor of 4 size increase and the observed disturbed stellar morphologies, supports dry minor mergers as the primary drivers of the evolution of the MQGs over the last 10 billion yr.
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- 2020
274. Quiescent Galaxies 1.5 Billion Years after the Big Bang and Their Progenitors
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Valentino, Francesco, Tanaka, Masayuki, Davidzon, Iary, Toft, Sune, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Stockmann, Mikkel, Onodera, Masato, Brammer, Gabriel, Ceverino, Daniel, Faisst, Andreas L., Gallazzi, Anna, Hayward, Christopher C., Ilbert, Olivier, Kubo, Mariko, Magdis, Georgios E., Selsing, Jonatan, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Sparre, Martin, Steinhardt, Charles, Yabe, Kiyoto, Zabl, Johannes, Valentino, Francesco, Tanaka, Masayuki, Davidzon, Iary, Toft, Sune, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Stockmann, Mikkel, Onodera, Masato, Brammer, Gabriel, Ceverino, Daniel, Faisst, Andreas L., Gallazzi, Anna, Hayward, Christopher C., Ilbert, Olivier, Kubo, Mariko, Magdis, Georgios E., Selsing, Jonatan, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Sparre, Martin, Steinhardt, Charles, Yabe, Kiyoto, and Zabl, Johannes
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- 2020
275. A Massive Dead Disk Galaxy in the Young Universe
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Toft, Sune, Zabl, Johannes, Richard, Johan, Gallazzi, Anna, Zibetti, Stefano, Prescott, Moire, Grillo, Claudio, Man, Allison W.S., Lee, Nicholas Y., Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Stockmann, Mikkel, Magdis, Georgios, and Steinhardt, Charles L.
- Subjects
Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Article - Abstract
At z=2, when the Universe was just 3 Gyr old, half of the most massive galaxies were extremely compact and had already exhausted their fuel for star formation1–4. It is believed that they were formed in intense nuclear starbursts and that they ultimately grew into the most massive local elliptical galaxies seen today, through mergers with minor companions5,6, but validating this scenario requires higher resolution observations of their centers than currently possible, even from space. Magnification due to gravitational lensing offers a unique opportunity to resolve their inner regions, as demonstrated in a recent study of a z=2.6 compact spheroidal galaxy which revealed a bulge, rotating at velocities comparable to the fastest rotating local ellipticals7. Following the same approach, here we map the stellar populations and kinematics of a lensed z=2.1478 compact galaxy, which surprisingly turn out to be a fast spinning, rotationally supported disk galaxy. Rather than in a merger-driven nuclear starburst8, its stars must thus have formed in a disk, likely fed by streams of cold gas, which were able to penetrate the hot halo gas until they were cut off by shock heating from the dark matter halo9. This result unambiguously confirm indications from a growing body of indirect evidence10–13 that the first galaxies to cease star formation must go through major changes not just in their structure, but also in their kinematics to evolve into present day ellipticals.
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- 2017
276. Taking Census of Massive, Star-Forming Galaxies formed <1 Gyr After the Big Bang
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Casey, Caitlin M., Capak, Peter, Staguhn, Johannes, Armus, Lee, Blain, Andrew, Bethermin, Matthieu, Champagne, Jaclyn, Cooray, Asantha, Coppin, Kristen, Drew, Patrick, Dwek, Eli, Finkelstein, Steven, Franco, Maximilien, Geach, James, Hodge, Jacqueline, Koprowski, Maciej, Lagos, Claudia, Narayanan, Desika, Pope, Alexandra, Sanders, David, Shivaei, Irene, Toft, Sune, Vieira, Joaquin, Walter, Fabian, Whitaker, Kate, Yun, Min, and Zavala, Jorge
- Subjects
Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Two decades of effort have been poured into both single-dish and interferometric millimeter-wave surveys of the sky to infer the volume density of dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs, with SFR>100M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$) over cosmic time. Though obscured galaxies dominate cosmic star-formation near its peak at $z\sim2$, the contribution of such heavily obscured galaxies to cosmic star-formation is unknown beyond $z\sim2.5$ in contrast to the well-studied population of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) studied through deep, space- and ground-based pencil beam surveys in the near-infrared. Unlocking the volume density of DSFGs beyond $z>3$, particularly within the first 1 Gyr after the Big Bang is critical to resolving key open questions about early Universe galaxy formation: (1) What is the integrated star-formation rate density of the Universe in the first few Gyr and how is it distributed among low-mass galaxies (e.g. Lyman-break galaxies) and high-mass galaxies (e.g. DSFGs and quasar host galaxies)? (2) How and where do the first massive galaxies assemble? (3) What can the most extreme DSFGs teach us about the mechanisms of dust production (e.g. supernovae, AGB stars, grain growth in the ISM), Comment: Concept Paper submitted to Astro2020
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- 2019
277. X-shooter Spectroscopy and HST Imaging of 15 Ultra Massive Quiescent Galaxies at $z\gtrsim2$
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Stockmann, Mikkel, Toft, Sune, Gallazzi, Anna, Zibetti, Stefano, Conselice, Christopher J., Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, Zabl, Johannes, Jørgensen, Inger, Magdis, Georgios E., Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Valentino, Francesco M., Brammer, Gabriel B., Ceverino, Daniel, Cortzen, Isabella, Davidzon, Iary, Demarco, Richardo, Faisst, Andreas, Hirschmann, Michaela, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, Lagos, Claudia D., Man, Allison W. S., Mundy, Carl J., Peng, Yingjie, Selsing, Jonatan, Steinhardt, Charles L., and Whitaker, Kathrine E.
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Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed ultra-massive quiescent galaxies (${\rm{log}}(M_{\ast}/M_{\odot})\sim11.5$) at $z\gtrsim2$. This sample comprises 15 galaxies selected in the COSMOS and UDS fields by their bright K-band magnitudes and followed up with VLT/X-shooter spectroscopy and HST/WFC3 $H_{F160W}$ imaging. These observations allow us to unambiguously confirm their redshifts ascertain their quiescent nature and stellar ages, and to reliably assess their internal kinematics and effective radii. We find that these galaxies are compact, consistent with the high mass end of the mass-size relation for quiescent galaxies at $z=2$. Moreover, the distribution of the measured stellar velocity dispersions of the sample is consistent with the most massive local early-type galaxies from the MASSIVE Survey showing that evolution in these galaxies, is dominated by changes in size. The HST images reveal, as surprisingly high, that $40\ \%$ of the sample have tidal features suggestive of mergers and companions in close proximity, including three galaxies experiencing ongoing major mergers. The absence of velocity dispersion evolution from $z=2$ to $0$, coupled with a doubling of the stellar mass, with a factor of four size increase and the observed disturbed stellar morphologies support dry minor mergers as the primary drivers of the evolution of the massive quiescent galaxies over the last 10 billion years., Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures, accepted in ApJ
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- 2019
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278. A Method to Distinguish Quiescent and Dusty Star-forming Galaxies with Machine Learning
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Steinhardt, Charles L., primary, Weaver, John R., additional, Maxfield, Jack, additional, Davidzon, Iary, additional, Faisst, Andreas L., additional, Masters, Dan, additional, Schemel, Madeline, additional, and Toft, Sune, additional
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- 2020
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279. Deceptively cold dust in the massive starburst galaxy GN20 at z ∼ 4
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Cortzen, Isabella, primary, Magdis, Georgios E., additional, Valentino, Francesco, additional, Daddi, Emanuele, additional, Liu, Daizhong, additional, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, additional, Sargent, Mark, additional, Riechers, Dominik, additional, Cormier, Diane, additional, Hodge, Jacqueline A., additional, Walter, Fabian, additional, Elbaz, David, additional, Béthermin, Matthieu, additional, Greve, Thomas R., additional, Kokorev, Vasily, additional, and Toft, Sune, additional
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- 2020
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280. Quiescent Galaxies 1.5 Billion Years after the Big Bang and Their Progenitors
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Valentino, Francesco, primary, Tanaka, Masayuki, additional, Davidzon, Iary, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, additional, Stockmann, Mikkel, additional, Onodera, Masato, additional, Brammer, Gabriel, additional, Ceverino, Daniel, additional, Faisst, Andreas L., additional, Gallazzi, Anna, additional, Hayward, Christopher C., additional, Ilbert, Olivier, additional, Kubo, Mariko, additional, Magdis, Georgios E., additional, Selsing, Jonatan, additional, Shimakawa, Rhythm, additional, Sparre, Martin, additional, Steinhardt, Charles, additional, Yabe, Kiyoto, additional, and Zabl, Johannes, additional
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- 2020
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281. X-shooter Spectroscopy and HST Imaging of 15 Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z ≳ 2
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Stockmann, Mikkel, primary, Toft, Sune, additional, Gallazzi, Anna, additional, Zibetti, Stefano, additional, Conselice, Christopher J., additional, Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, additional, Zabl, Johannes, additional, Jørgensen, Inger, additional, Magdis, Georgios E., additional, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, additional, Valentino, Francesco M., additional, Brammer, Gabriel B., additional, Ceverino, Daniel, additional, Cortzen, Isabella, additional, Davidzon, Iary, additional, Demarco, Richardo, additional, Faisst, Andreas, additional, Hirschmann, Michaela, additional, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, additional, Lagos, Claudia D., additional, Man, Allison W. S., additional, Mundy, Carl J., additional, Peng, Yingjie, additional, Selsing, Jonatan, additional, Steinhardt, Charles L., additional, and Whitaker, Kathrine E., additional
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- 2019
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282. Physical Characterization of an Unlensed, Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z = 5.85
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Casey, Caitlin M., primary, Zavala, Jorge A., additional, Aravena, Manuel, additional, Béthermin, Matthieu, additional, Caputi, Karina I., additional, Champagne, Jaclyn B., additional, Clements, David L., additional, Cunha, Elisabete da, additional, Drew, Patrick, additional, Finkelstein, Steven L., additional, Hayward, Christopher C., additional, Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., additional, Knudsen, Kirsten, additional, Koekemoer, Anton M., additional, Magdis, Georgios E., additional, Man, Allison, additional, Manning, Sinclaire M., additional, Scoville, Nick Z., additional, Sheth, Kartik, additional, Spilker, Justin, additional, Staguhn, Johannes, additional, Talia, Margherita, additional, Taniguchi, Yoshiaki, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Treister, Ezequiel, additional, and Yun, Min, additional
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- 2019
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283. Stellar Velocity Dispersion of a Massive Quenching Galaxy at z = 4.01
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Tanaka, Masayuki, primary, Valentino, Francesco, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Onodera, Masato, additional, Shimakawa, Rhythm, additional, Ceverino, Daniel, additional, Faisst, Andreas L., additional, Gallazzi, Anna, additional, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, additional, Kubo, Mariko, additional, Magdis, Georgios E., additional, Steinhardt, Charles L., additional, Stockmann, Mikkel, additional, Yabe, Kiyoto, additional, and Zabl, Johannes, additional
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- 2019
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284. RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
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Coe, Dan, primary, Salmon, Brett, additional, Bradač, Maruša, additional, Bradley, Larry D., additional, Sharon, Keren, additional, Zitrin, Adi, additional, Acebron, Ana, additional, Cerny, Catherine, additional, Cibirka, Nathália, additional, Strait, Victoria, additional, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, additional, Mahler, Guillaume, additional, Avila, Roberto J., additional, Ogaz, Sara, additional, Huang, Kuang-Han, additional, Pelliccia, Debora, additional, Stark, Daniel P., additional, Mainali, Ramesh, additional, Oesch, Pascal A., additional, Trenti, Michele, additional, Carrasco, Daniela, additional, Dawson, William A., additional, Rodney, Steven A., additional, Strolger, Louis-Gregory, additional, Riess, Adam G., additional, Jones, Christine, additional, Frye, Brenda L., additional, Czakon, Nicole G., additional, Umetsu, Keiichi, additional, Vulcani, Benedetta, additional, Graur, Or, additional, Jha, Saurabh W., additional, Graham, Melissa L., additional, Molino, Alberto, additional, Nonino, Mario, additional, Hjorth, Jens, additional, Selsing, Jonatan, additional, Christensen, Lise, additional, Kikuchihara, Shotaro, additional, Ouchi, Masami, additional, Oguri, Masamune, additional, Welch, Brian, additional, Lemaux, Brian C., additional, Andrade-Santos, Felipe, additional, Hoag, Austin T., additional, Johnson, Traci L., additional, Peterson, Avery, additional, Past, Matthew, additional, Fox, Carter, additional, Agulli, Irene, additional, Livermore, Rachael, additional, Ryan, Russell E., additional, Lam, Daniel, additional, Sendra-Server, Irene, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, Lovisari, Lorenzo, additional, and Su, Yuanyuan, additional
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- 2019
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285. SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large-scale Structures with Protoclusters over 200 Mpc at z ∼ 6–7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
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Harikane, Yuichi, primary, Ouchi, Masami, additional, Ono, Yoshiaki, additional, Fujimoto, Seiji, additional, Donevski, Darko, additional, Shibuya, Takatoshi, additional, Faisst, Andreas L., additional, Goto, Tomotsugu, additional, Hatsukade, Bunyo, additional, Kashikawa, Nobunari, additional, Kohno, Kotaro, additional, Hashimoto, Takuya, additional, Higuchi, Ryo, additional, Inoue, Akio K., additional, Lin, Yen-Ting, additional, Martin, Crystal L., additional, Overzier, Roderik, additional, Smail, Ian, additional, Toshikawa, Jun, additional, Umehata, Hideki, additional, Ao, Yiping, additional, Chapman, Scott, additional, Clements, David L., additional, Im, Myungshin, additional, Jing, Yipeng, additional, Kawaguchi, Toshihiro, additional, Lee, Chien-Hsiu, additional, Lee, Minju M., additional, Lin, Lihwai, additional, Matsuoka, Yoshiki, additional, Marinello, Murilo, additional, Nagao, Tohru, additional, Onodera, Masato, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, and Wang, Wei-Hao, additional
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- 2019
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286. The Gemini/HST Galaxy Cluster Project: Environment Effects on the Stellar Populations in the Lynx Clusters at z = 1.27
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Jørgensen, Inger, primary, Hunter, Laura C., additional, O’Neill, Conor R., additional, Chiboucas, Kristin, additional, Cole, Ryan K., additional, Toft, Sune, additional, and Schiavon, Ricardo P., additional
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- 2019
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287. RELICS: High-resolution Constraints on the Inner Mass Distribution of the z = 0.83 Merging Cluster RXJ0152.7-1357 from Strong Lensing
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Acebron, Ana, primary, Alon, May, additional, Zitrin, Adi, additional, Mahler, Guillaume, additional, Coe, Dan, additional, Sharon, Keren, additional, Cibirka, Nathália, additional, Bradač, Maruša, additional, Trenti, Michele, additional, Umetsu, Keiichi, additional, Andrade-Santos, Felipe, additional, Avila, Roberto J., additional, Bradley, Larry, additional, Carrasco, Daniela, additional, Cerny, Catherine, additional, Czakon, Nicole G., additional, Dawson, William A., additional, Frye, Brenda, additional, Hoag, Austin T., additional, Huang, Kuang-Han, additional, Johnson, Traci L., additional, Jones, Christine, additional, Kikuchihara, Shotaro, additional, Lam, Daniel, additional, Livermore, Rachael C., additional, Lovisari, Lorenzo, additional, Mainali, Ramesh, additional, Oesch, Pascal A., additional, Ogaz, Sara, additional, Ouchi, Masami, additional, Past, Matthew, additional, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, additional, Peterson, Avery, additional, Ryan, Russell E., additional, Salmon, Brett, additional, Sendra-Server, Irene, additional, Stark, Daniel P., additional, Strait, Victoria, additional, Toft, Sune, additional, and Vulcani, Benedetta, additional
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- 2019
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288. SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large-scale Structures with Protoclusters over 200 Mpc at z ∼ 6–7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
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Harikane, Yuichi, Harikane, Yuichi, Ouchi, Masami, Ono, Yoshiaki, Fujimoto, Seiji, Donevski, Darko, Shibuya, Takatoshi, Faisst, Andreas L, Goto, Tomotsugu, Hatsukade, Bunyo, Kashikawa, Nobunari, Kohno, Kotaro, Hashimoto, Takuya, Higuchi, Ryo, Inoue, Akio K, Lin, Yen-Ting, Martin, Crystal L, Overzier, Roderik, Smail, Ian, Toshikawa, Jun, Umehata, Hideki, Ao, Yiping, Chapman, Scott, Clements, David L, Im, Myungshin, Jing, Yipeng, Kawaguchi, Toshihiro, Lee, Chien-Hsiu, Lee, Minju M, Lin, Lihwai, Matsuoka, Yoshiki, Marinello, Murilo, Nagao, Tohru, Onodera, Masato, Toft, Sune, Wang, Wei-Hao, Harikane, Yuichi, Harikane, Yuichi, Ouchi, Masami, Ono, Yoshiaki, Fujimoto, Seiji, Donevski, Darko, Shibuya, Takatoshi, Faisst, Andreas L, Goto, Tomotsugu, Hatsukade, Bunyo, Kashikawa, Nobunari, Kohno, Kotaro, Hashimoto, Takuya, Higuchi, Ryo, Inoue, Akio K, Lin, Yen-Ting, Martin, Crystal L, Overzier, Roderik, Smail, Ian, Toshikawa, Jun, Umehata, Hideki, Ao, Yiping, Chapman, Scott, Clements, David L, Im, Myungshin, Jing, Yipeng, Kawaguchi, Toshihiro, Lee, Chien-Hsiu, Lee, Minju M, Lin, Lihwai, Matsuoka, Yoshiki, Marinello, Murilo, Nagao, Tohru, Onodera, Masato, Toft, Sune, and Wang, Wei-Hao
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- 2019
289. Quiescent galaxies 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang and their progenitors
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Valentino, Francesco, Tanaka, Masayuki, Davidzon, Iary, Toft, Sune, Gomez-Guijarro, Carlos, Stockmann, Mikkel, Onodera, Masato, Brammer, Gabriel, Ceverino, Daniel, Faisst, Andreas L., Gallazzi, Anna, Hayward, Christopher C., Ilbert, Olivier, Kubo, Mariko, Magdis, Georgios E., Selsing, Jonatan, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Sparre, Martin, Steinhardt, Charles, Yabe, Kiyoto, Zabl, Johannes, Valentino, Francesco, Tanaka, Masayuki, Davidzon, Iary, Toft, Sune, Gomez-Guijarro, Carlos, Stockmann, Mikkel, Onodera, Masato, Brammer, Gabriel, Ceverino, Daniel, Faisst, Andreas L., Gallazzi, Anna, Hayward, Christopher C., Ilbert, Olivier, Kubo, Mariko, Magdis, Georgios E., Selsing, Jonatan, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Sparre, Martin, Steinhardt, Charles, Yabe, Kiyoto, and Zabl, Johannes
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We report two secure ($z=3.775, 4.012$) and one tentative ($z\approx3.767$) spectroscopic confirmations of massive and quiescent galaxies through $K$-band observations with Keck/MOSFIRE and VLT/X-Shooter. The stellar continuum emission, the absence of strong nebular emission lines and the lack of significant far-infrared detections confirm the passive nature of these objects, disfavoring the alternative solution of low-redshift dusty star-forming interlopers. We derive stellar masses of $\mathrm{log}(M_{\star}/M_\odot)\sim11$ and ongoing star formation rates placing these galaxies $\gtrsim 1-2$ dex below the main sequence at their redshifts. The adopted parametrization of the star formation history suggests that these sources experienced a strong ($\langle \rm SFR \rangle \sim 1200-3500\,M_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$) and short ($\sim 50$ Myr) burst of star formation, peaking $\sim 150-500$ Myr before the time of observation, all properties reminiscent of the characteristics of sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) at $z>4$. We investigate this connection by comparing the comoving number densities and the properties of these two populations. We find a fair agreement only with the deepest sub-mm surveys detecting not only the most extreme starbursts, but also more normal galaxies. We support these findings by further exploring the Illustris-TNG cosmological simulation, retrieving populations of both fully quenched massive galaxies at $z\sim3-4$ and SMGs at $z\sim4-5$, with number densities and properties in agreement with the observations at $z\sim3$, but in increasing tension at higher redshift. Nevertheless, as suggested by the observations, not all the progenitors of quiescent galaxies at these redshifts shine as bright SMGs in their past and, similarly, not all bright SMGs quench by $z\sim3$, both fractions depending on the threshold assumed to define the SMGs themselves., Comment: 20 pages (+appendix), 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ). This work comes with a companion letter by Tanaka, Valentino, Toft et al. 2019, ApJL, 885, L34
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- 2019
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290. Physical Characterization of an Unlensed Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy at $z=5.85$
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Casey, Caitlin M., Zavala, Jorge A., Aravena, Manuel, Bethermin, Matthieu, Caputi, Karina I., Champagne, Jaclyn B., Clements, David L., Da Cunha, Elisabete, Drew, Patrick, Finkelstein, Steven L., Hayward, Christopher C., Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Knudsen, Kirsten, Koekemoer, Anton M., Magdis, Georgios E., Man, Allison, Manning, Sinclaire M., Scoville, Nick Z., Sheth, Kartik, Spilker, Justin, Staguhn, Johannes, Talia, Margherita, Taniguchi, Yoshiaki, Toft, Sune, Treister, Ezequiel, Yun, Min, Casey, Caitlin M., Zavala, Jorge A., Aravena, Manuel, Bethermin, Matthieu, Caputi, Karina I., Champagne, Jaclyn B., Clements, David L., Da Cunha, Elisabete, Drew, Patrick, Finkelstein, Steven L., Hayward, Christopher C., Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Knudsen, Kirsten, Koekemoer, Anton M., Magdis, Georgios E., Man, Allison, Manning, Sinclaire M., Scoville, Nick Z., Sheth, Kartik, Spilker, Justin, Staguhn, Johannes, Talia, Margherita, Taniguchi, Yoshiaki, Toft, Sune, Treister, Ezequiel, and Yun, Min
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We present a physical characterization of MMJ100026.36+021527.9 (a.k.a. ``MAMBO-9''), a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at $z=5.850\pm0.001$. This is the highest redshift unlensed DSFG (and fourth most distant overall) found to-date, and is the first source identified in a new 2mm blank-field map in the COSMOS field. Though identified in prior samples of DSFGs at 850$\mu$m-1.2mm with unknown redshift, the detection at 2mm prompted further follow-up as it indicated a much higher probability that the source was likely to sit at $z>4$. Deep observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter and submillimeter Array (ALMA) presented here confirm the redshift through the secure detection of $^{12}$CO($J\!=$6$\rightarrow$5) and p-H$_{2}$O(2$_{1,1}\!\rightarrow$2$_{0,2}$). MAMBO-9 is comprised of a pair of galaxies separated by 6kpc with corresponding star-formation rates of 590M$_\odot$yr$^{-1}$ and 220M$_\odot$yr$^{-1}$ total molecular hydrogen gas mass of (1.7$\pm$0.4)$\times10^{11}$M$_\odot$, dust mass of (1.3$\pm$0.3)$\times10^{9}$M$_\odot$ and stellar mass of (3.2$^{+1.0}_{-1.5}$)$\times10^{9}$M$_\odot$. The total halo mass, (3.3$\pm$0.8)$\times10^{12}$M$_\odot$, is predicted to exceed $>10^{15}$M$_\odot$ by $z=0$. The system is undergoing a merger-driven starburst which will increase the stellar mass of the system tenfold in $\tau_{\rm depl}=40-80$Myr, converting its large molecular gas reservoir (gas fraction of 96$^{+1}_{-2}$%) into stars. MAMBO-9 evaded firm spectroscopic identification for a decade, following a pattern that has emerged for some of the highest redshift DSFGs found. And yet, the systematic identification of unlensed DSFGs like MAMBO-9 is key to measuring the global contribution of obscured star-formation to the star-formation rate density at $z>4$, the formation of the first massive galaxies, and the formation of interstellar dust at early times ($<$1Gyr)., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
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- 2019
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291. The Gemini/HST Galaxy Cluster Project: Environment Effects on the Stellar Populations in the Lynx Clusters at z=1.27
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Jorgensen, Inger, Hunter, Laura C., O'Neill, Conor R., Chiboucas, Kristin, Cole, Ryan K., Toft, Sune, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Jorgensen, Inger, Hunter, Laura C., O'Neill, Conor R., Chiboucas, Kristin, Cole, Ryan K., Toft, Sune, and Schiavon, Ricardo P.
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Few detailed investigations of stellar populations in passive galaxies beyond z~1 are based on deep spectroscopic observations, due to the difficulty in obtaining such data. We present a study of stellar populations, structure, and mass-to-light ratios of a large sample of bulge-dominated galaxies in the two z=1.27 clusters Lynx E and Lynx W, based on deep ground-based optical spectroscopy combined with imaging from Hubble Space Telescope. We find that Lynx E has a well-defined core of red passive galaxies, while Lynx W lacks such a core. If all the sample galaxies evolve similarly in size from z=1.27 to the present, the data allow only 0.1 dex size-growth at a fixed dynamical mass. However, to link the Lynx central galaxies to brightest cluster galaxies similar to those of low redshift clusters, the Lynx galaxies would have to grow by at least a factor five, possibly through major merging. The mass-to-light ratios and the Balmer absorption lines of the Lynx galaxies are consistent with passive evolution of the stellar populations from z=1.27 to the present and support ages of 1--3 Gyr. The galaxies in the outskirts of the clusters contain younger stellar populations than found in the cluster cores. However, when evolved passively to z~0 both populations are consistent with the observed populations in the Coma cluster galaxies. The bulge-dominated emission line galaxies in the clusters are dominated by stellar populations with sub-solar metallicities. Thus, additional enrichment of these is required to produce Coma-like stellar populations by z~0., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 38 pages, 24 figures. High-resolution versions of Figures 1, 8 and 24 available from the first author
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- 2019
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292. Stellar Velocity Dispersion of a Massive Quenching Galaxy at z=4.01
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Tanaka, Masayuki, Valentino, Francesco, Toft, Sune, Onodera, Masato, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Ceverino, Daniel, Faisst, Andreas L., Gallazzi, Anna, Gomez-Guijarro, Carlos, Kubo, Mariko, Magdis, Georgios E., Steinhardt, Charles L., Stockmann, Mikkel, Yabe, Kiyoto, Zabl, Johannes, Tanaka, Masayuki, Valentino, Francesco, Toft, Sune, Onodera, Masato, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Ceverino, Daniel, Faisst, Andreas L., Gallazzi, Anna, Gomez-Guijarro, Carlos, Kubo, Mariko, Magdis, Georgios E., Steinhardt, Charles L., Stockmann, Mikkel, Yabe, Kiyoto, and Zabl, Johannes
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We present the first stellar velocity dispersion measurement of a massive quenching galaxy at z=4.01. The galaxy is first identified as a massive z>~4 galaxy with suppressed star formation from photometric redshifts based on deep multi-band data in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey field. A follow-up spectroscopic observation with MOSFIRE on Keck revealed strong multiple absorption features, which are identified as Balmer absorption lines, giving a secure redshift of z=4.01. Thanks to the high S/N of the spectrum, we are able to estimate the stellar velocity dispersion, sigma=268+/-59 km/s. This velocity dispersion is consistent with that of massive galaxies today, implying no significant evolution in stellar velocity dispersion over the last 12 Gyr. Based on an upper limit on its physical size from deep optical images (r_eff<1.3 kpc), we find that its dynamical mass is consistent with the stellar mass inferred from photometry. Furthermore, the galaxy is located on the mass fundamental plane extrapolated from lower redshift galaxies. Combining all these results, we find that the velocity dispersion does not significantly evolve with redshift, although the size and mass of massive quenched galaxies do. This suggests that the mass in the core of massive galaxies does not evolve significantly, while most of the mass growth occurs in the outskirts of the galaxies, which also increases the size. This picture is consistent with a two-phase formation scenario in which mass and size growth is due to accretion in the outskirts of galaxies via mergers., Comment: Published in the Astrophysical Journal letters. Fixed an error in dynamical mass
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- 2019
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293. RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
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Coe, Dan, Salmon, Brett, Bradac, Marusa, Bradley, Larry D., Sharon, Keren, Zitrin, Adi, Acebron, Ana, Cerny, Catherine, Cibirka, Nathalia, Strait, Victoria, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, Mahler, Guillaume, Avila, Roberto J., Ogaz, Sara, Huang, Kuang-Han, Pelliccia, Debora, Stark, Daniel P., Mainali, Ramesh, Oesch, Pascal A., Trenti, Michele, Carrasco, Daniela, Dawson, William A., Rodney, Steven A., Strolger, Louis-Gregory, Riess, Adam G., Jones, Christine, Frye, Brenda L., Czakon, Nicole G., Umetsu, Keiichi, Vulcani, Benedetta, Graur, Or, Jha, Saurabh W., Graham, Melissa L., Molino, Alberto, Nonino, Mario, Hjorth, Jens, Selsing, Jonatan, Christensen, Lise, Kikuchihara, Shotaro, Ouchi, Masami, Oguri, Masamune, Welch, Brian, Lemaux, Brian C., Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Hoag, Austin T., Johnson, Traci L., Peterson, Avery, Past, Matthew, Fox, Carter, Agulli, Irene, Livermore, Rachael, Ryan, Russell E., Lam, Daniel, Sendra-Server, Irene, Toft, Sune, Lovisari, Lorenzo, Su, Yuanyuan, Coe, Dan, Salmon, Brett, Bradac, Marusa, Bradley, Larry D., Sharon, Keren, Zitrin, Adi, Acebron, Ana, Cerny, Catherine, Cibirka, Nathalia, Strait, Victoria, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, Mahler, Guillaume, Avila, Roberto J., Ogaz, Sara, Huang, Kuang-Han, Pelliccia, Debora, Stark, Daniel P., Mainali, Ramesh, Oesch, Pascal A., Trenti, Michele, Carrasco, Daniela, Dawson, William A., Rodney, Steven A., Strolger, Louis-Gregory, Riess, Adam G., Jones, Christine, Frye, Brenda L., Czakon, Nicole G., Umetsu, Keiichi, Vulcani, Benedetta, Graur, Or, Jha, Saurabh W., Graham, Melissa L., Molino, Alberto, Nonino, Mario, Hjorth, Jens, Selsing, Jonatan, Christensen, Lise, Kikuchihara, Shotaro, Ouchi, Masami, Oguri, Masamune, Welch, Brian, Lemaux, Brian C., Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Hoag, Austin T., Johnson, Traci L., Peterson, Avery, Past, Matthew, Fox, Carter, Agulli, Irene, Livermore, Rachael, Ryan, Russell E., Lam, Daniel, Sendra-Server, Irene, Toft, Sune, Lovisari, Lorenzo, and Su, Yuanyuan
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Large surveys of galaxy clusters with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes, including CLASH and the Frontier Fields, have demonstrated the power of strong gravitational lensing to efficiently deliver large samples of high-redshift galaxies. We extend this strategy through a wider, shallower survey named RELICS, the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. This survey, described here, was designed primarily to deliver the best and brightest high-redshift candidates from the first billion years after the Big Bang. RELICS observed 41 massive galaxy clusters with Hubble and Spitzer at 0.4-1.7um and 3.0-5.0um, respectively. We selected 21 clusters based on Planck PSZ2 mass estimates and the other 20 based on observed or inferred lensing strength. Our 188-orbit Hubble Treasury Program obtained the first high-resolution near-infrared images of these clusters to efficiently search for lensed high-redshift galaxies. We observed 46 WFC3/IR pointings (~200 arcmin^2) with two orbits divided among four filters (F105W, F125W, F140W, and F160W) and ACS imaging as needed to achieve single-orbit depth in each of three filters (F435W, F606W, and F814W). As previously reported by Salmon et al., we discovered 322 z ~ 6 - 10 candidates, including the brightest known at z ~ 6, and the most distant spatially-resolved lensed arc known at z ~ 10. Spitzer IRAC imaging (945 hours awarded, plus 100 archival) has crucially enabled us to distinguish z ~ 10 candidates from z ~ 2 interlopers. For each cluster, two HST observing epochs were staggered by about a month, enabling us to discover 11 supernovae, including 3 lensed supernovae, which we followed up with 20 orbits from our program. We delivered reduced HST images and catalogs of all clusters to the public via MAST and reduced Spitzer images via IRSA. We have also begun delivering lens models of all clusters, to be completed before the JWST GO call for proposals., Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures, submitted to ApJ. For reduced images, catalogs, lens models, and more, see relics.stsci.edu
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- 2019
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294. SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large Scale Structures with Protoclusters Over 200 Mpc at z~6-7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies
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Harikane, Yuichi, Ouchi, Masami, Ono, Yoshiaki, Fujimoto, Seiji, Donevski, Darko, Shibuya, Takatoshi, Faisst, Andreas L., Goto, Tomotsugu, Hatsukade, Bunyo, Kashikawa, Nobunari, Kohno, Kotaro, Hashimoto, Takuya, Higuchi, Ryo, Inoue, Akio K., Lin, Yen-Ting, Martin, Crystal L., Overzier, Roderik, Smail, Ian, Toshikawa, Jun, Umehata, Hideki, Ao, Yiping, Chapman, Scott, Clements, David L., Im, Myungshin, Jing, Yipeng, Kawaguchi, Toshihiro, Lee, Chien-Hsiu, Lee, Minju M., Lin, Lihwai, Matsuoka, Yoshiki, Marinello, Murilo, Nagao, Tohru, Onodera, Masato, Toft, Sune, Wang, Wei-Hao, Harikane, Yuichi, Ouchi, Masami, Ono, Yoshiaki, Fujimoto, Seiji, Donevski, Darko, Shibuya, Takatoshi, Faisst, Andreas L., Goto, Tomotsugu, Hatsukade, Bunyo, Kashikawa, Nobunari, Kohno, Kotaro, Hashimoto, Takuya, Higuchi, Ryo, Inoue, Akio K., Lin, Yen-Ting, Martin, Crystal L., Overzier, Roderik, Smail, Ian, Toshikawa, Jun, Umehata, Hideki, Ao, Yiping, Chapman, Scott, Clements, David L., Im, Myungshin, Jing, Yipeng, Kawaguchi, Toshihiro, Lee, Chien-Hsiu, Lee, Minju M., Lin, Lihwai, Matsuoka, Yoshiki, Marinello, Murilo, Nagao, Tohru, Onodera, Masato, Toft, Sune, and Wang, Wei-Hao
- Abstract
We have obtained three-dimensional maps of the universe in $\sim200\times200\times80$ comoving Mpc$^3$ (cMpc$^3$) volumes each at $z=5.7$ and $6.6$ based on a spectroscopic sample of 179 galaxies that achieves $\gtrsim80$\% completeness down to the Ly$\alpha$ luminosity of $\log(L_{\rm Ly\alpha}/[\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}}])=43.0$, based on our Keck and Gemini observations and the literature. The maps reveal filamentary large-scale structures and two remarkable overdensities made out of at least 44 and 12 galaxies at $z=5.692$ (z57OD) and $z=6.585$ (z66OD), respectively, making z66OD the most distant overdensity spectroscopically confirmed to date with $>10$ spectroscopically confirmed galaxies. We compare spatial distributions of submillimeter galaxies at $z\simeq 4-6$ with our $z=5.7$ galaxies forming the large-scale structures, and detect a $99.97\%$ signal of cross correlation, indicative of a clear coincidence of dusty star-forming galaxy and dust unobscured galaxy formation at this early epoch. The galaxies in z57OD and z66OD are actively forming stars with star formation rates (SFRs) $\gtrsim5$ times higher than the main sequence, and particularly the SFR density in z57OD is 10 times higher than the cosmic average at the redshift (a.k.a. the Madau-Lilly plot). Comparisons with numerical simulations suggest that z57OD and z66OD are protoclusters that are progenitors of the present-day clusters with halo masses of $\sim10^{14}\ \mathrm{M_\odot}$., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for Publication in ApJ
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- 2019
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295. Stellar Velocity Dispersion of a Massive Quenching Galaxy at z = 4.01
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Tanaka, Masayuki, Valentino, Francesco, Toft, Sune, Onodera, Masato, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Ceverino, Daniel, Faisst, Andreas L., Gallazzi, Anna, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Kubo, Mariko, Magdis, Georgios E., Steinhardt, Charles L., Stockmann, Mikkel, Yabe, Kiyoto, Zabl, Johannes, Tanaka, Masayuki, Valentino, Francesco, Toft, Sune, Onodera, Masato, Shimakawa, Rhythm, Ceverino, Daniel, Faisst, Andreas L., Gallazzi, Anna, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Kubo, Mariko, Magdis, Georgios E., Steinhardt, Charles L., Stockmann, Mikkel, Yabe, Kiyoto, and Zabl, Johannes
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- 2019
296. Physical Characterization of an Unlensed, Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z=5.85
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Casey, Caitlin M., Zavala, Jorge A., Aravena, Manuel, Bethermin, Matthieu, Caputi, Karina, I, Champagne, Jaclyn B., Clements, David L., da Cunha, Elisabete, Drew, Patrick, Finkelstein, Steven L., Hayward, Christopher C., Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Knudsen, Kirsten, Koekemoer, Anton M., Magdis, Georgios E., Man, Allison, Manning, Sinclaire M., Scoville, Nick Z., Sheth, Kartik, Spilker, Justin, Staguhn, Johannes, Talia, Margherita, Taniguchi, Yoshiaki, Toft, Sune, Treister, Ezequiel, Yun, Min, Casey, Caitlin M., Zavala, Jorge A., Aravena, Manuel, Bethermin, Matthieu, Caputi, Karina, I, Champagne, Jaclyn B., Clements, David L., da Cunha, Elisabete, Drew, Patrick, Finkelstein, Steven L., Hayward, Christopher C., Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Knudsen, Kirsten, Koekemoer, Anton M., Magdis, Georgios E., Man, Allison, Manning, Sinclaire M., Scoville, Nick Z., Sheth, Kartik, Spilker, Justin, Staguhn, Johannes, Talia, Margherita, Taniguchi, Yoshiaki, Toft, Sune, Treister, Ezequiel, and Yun, Min
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- 2019
297. RELICS:Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
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Coe, Dan, Salmon, Brett, Bradac, Marusa, Bradley, Larry D., Sharon, Keren, Zitrin, Adi, Acebron, Ana, Cerny, Catherine, Cibirka, Nathalia, Strait, Victoria, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, Mahler, Guillaume, Avila, Roberto J., Ogaz, Sara, Huang, Kuang-Han, Pelliccia, Debora, Stark, Daniel P., Mainali, Ramesh, Oesch, Pascal A., Trenti, Michele, Carrasco, Daniela, Dawson, William A., Rodney, Steven A., Strolger, Louis-Gregory, Riess, Adam G., Jones, Christine, Frye, Brenda L., Czakon, Nicole G., Umetsu, Keiichi, Vulcani, Benedetta, Graur, Or, Jha, Saurabh W., Graham, Melissa L., Molino, Alberto, Nonino, Mario, Hjorth, Jens, Selsing, Jonatan, Christensen, Lise, Kikuchihara, Shotaro, Ouchi, Masami, Oguri, Masamune, Welch, Brian, Lemaux, Brian C., Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Hoag, Austin T., Johnson, Traci L., Peterson, Avery, Past, Matthew, Fox, Carter, Agulli, Irene, Livermore, Rachael, Ryan, Russell E., Lam, Daniel, Sendra-Server, Irene, Toft, Sune, Lovisari, Lorenzo, Su, Yuanyuan, Coe, Dan, Salmon, Brett, Bradac, Marusa, Bradley, Larry D., Sharon, Keren, Zitrin, Adi, Acebron, Ana, Cerny, Catherine, Cibirka, Nathalia, Strait, Victoria, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, Mahler, Guillaume, Avila, Roberto J., Ogaz, Sara, Huang, Kuang-Han, Pelliccia, Debora, Stark, Daniel P., Mainali, Ramesh, Oesch, Pascal A., Trenti, Michele, Carrasco, Daniela, Dawson, William A., Rodney, Steven A., Strolger, Louis-Gregory, Riess, Adam G., Jones, Christine, Frye, Brenda L., Czakon, Nicole G., Umetsu, Keiichi, Vulcani, Benedetta, Graur, Or, Jha, Saurabh W., Graham, Melissa L., Molino, Alberto, Nonino, Mario, Hjorth, Jens, Selsing, Jonatan, Christensen, Lise, Kikuchihara, Shotaro, Ouchi, Masami, Oguri, Masamune, Welch, Brian, Lemaux, Brian C., Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Hoag, Austin T., Johnson, Traci L., Peterson, Avery, Past, Matthew, Fox, Carter, Agulli, Irene, Livermore, Rachael, Ryan, Russell E., Lam, Daniel, Sendra-Server, Irene, Toft, Sune, Lovisari, Lorenzo, and Su, Yuanyuan
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- 2019
298. SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large-scale Structures with Protoclusters over 200 Mpc at z similar to 6-7:Strong Associations of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
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Harikane, Yuichi, Ouchi, Masami, Ono, Yoshiaki, Fujimoto, Seiji, Donevski, Darko, Shibuya, Takatoshi, Faisst, Andreas L., Goto, Tomotsugu, Hatsukade, Bunyo, Kashikawa, Nobunari, Kohno, Kotaro, Hashimoto, Takuya, Higuchi, Ryo, Inoue, Akio K., Lin, Yen-Ting, Martin, Crystal L., Overzier, Roderik, Smail, Ian, Toshikawa, Jun, Umehata, Hideki, Ao, Yiping, Chapman, Scott, Clements, David L., Im, Myungshin, Jing, Yipeng, Kawaguchi, Toshihiro, Lee, Chien-Hsiu, Lee, Minju M., Lin, Lihwai, Matsuoka, Yoshiki, Marinello, Murilo, Nagao, Tohru, Onodera, Masato, Toft, Sune, Wang, Wei-Hao, Harikane, Yuichi, Ouchi, Masami, Ono, Yoshiaki, Fujimoto, Seiji, Donevski, Darko, Shibuya, Takatoshi, Faisst, Andreas L., Goto, Tomotsugu, Hatsukade, Bunyo, Kashikawa, Nobunari, Kohno, Kotaro, Hashimoto, Takuya, Higuchi, Ryo, Inoue, Akio K., Lin, Yen-Ting, Martin, Crystal L., Overzier, Roderik, Smail, Ian, Toshikawa, Jun, Umehata, Hideki, Ao, Yiping, Chapman, Scott, Clements, David L., Im, Myungshin, Jing, Yipeng, Kawaguchi, Toshihiro, Lee, Chien-Hsiu, Lee, Minju M., Lin, Lihwai, Matsuoka, Yoshiki, Marinello, Murilo, Nagao, Tohru, Onodera, Masato, Toft, Sune, and Wang, Wei-Hao
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- 2019
299. The Gemini/HST Galaxy Cluster Project:Environment Effects on the Stellar Populations in the Lynx Clusters at z=1.27
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Jorgensen, Inger, Hunter, Laura C., O'Neill, Conor R., Chiboucas, Kristin, Cole, Ryan K., Toft, Sune, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Jorgensen, Inger, Hunter, Laura C., O'Neill, Conor R., Chiboucas, Kristin, Cole, Ryan K., Toft, Sune, and Schiavon, Ricardo P.
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- 2019
300. RELICS:High-resolution Constraints on the Inner Mass Distribution of the z=0.83 Merging Cluster RXJ0152.7-1357 from Strong Lensing
- Author
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Acebron, Ana, Alon, May, Zitrin, Adi, Mahler, Guillaume, Coe, Dan, Sharon, Keren, Cibirka, Nathalia, Bradac, Marusa, Trenti, Michele, Umetsu, Keiichi, Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Avila, Roberto J., Bradley, Larry, Carrasco, Daniela, Cerny, Catherine, Czakon, Nicole G., Dawson, William A., Frye, Brenda, Hoag, Austin T., Huang, Kuang-Han, Johnson, Traci L., Jones, Christine, Kikuchihara, Shotaro, Lam, Daniel, Livermore, Rachael C., Lovisari, Lorenzo, Mainali, Ramesh, Oesch, Pascal A., Ogaz, Sara, Ouchi, Masami, Past, Matthew, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, Peterson, Avery, Ryan, Russell E., Salmon, Brett, Sendra-Server, Irene, Stark, Daniel P., Strait, Victoria, Toft, Sune, Vulcani, Benedetta, Acebron, Ana, Alon, May, Zitrin, Adi, Mahler, Guillaume, Coe, Dan, Sharon, Keren, Cibirka, Nathalia, Bradac, Marusa, Trenti, Michele, Umetsu, Keiichi, Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Avila, Roberto J., Bradley, Larry, Carrasco, Daniela, Cerny, Catherine, Czakon, Nicole G., Dawson, William A., Frye, Brenda, Hoag, Austin T., Huang, Kuang-Han, Johnson, Traci L., Jones, Christine, Kikuchihara, Shotaro, Lam, Daniel, Livermore, Rachael C., Lovisari, Lorenzo, Mainali, Ramesh, Oesch, Pascal A., Ogaz, Sara, Ouchi, Masami, Past, Matthew, Paterno-Mahler, Rachel, Peterson, Avery, Ryan, Russell E., Salmon, Brett, Sendra-Server, Irene, Stark, Daniel P., Strait, Victoria, Toft, Sune, and Vulcani, Benedetta
- Published
- 2019
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