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Digital, La Constitución política de Colombia, garantiza el Debido Proceso, lo que genera cierta confianza a cualquier ciudadano procesado por algún delito en este país, es decir el Estado actúa bajo un marco de bloque de constitucionalidad. Se garantiza una participación libre en el derecho probatorio, tanto víctima, como victimario poseen las mismas garantías, por lo menos así debería ser. En esta investigación, se pone de manifiesto las faltas de garantías que han tenido los ex combatientes de la AUC, frente a sus procesos, faltando a los principios de inmediación, generando un mal procedimiento con la concentración de cada uno de los procesos que individual y colectivamente tienen algunos procesados. Los excombatientes han visto vulnerados sus derechos, cuando no se ha cumplido con ha trabajado objetivamente el principio de inmediatez, generando incertidumbre y hasta un limbo jurídico, que vulnera los derechos de los excombatientes. La investigación, presenta un análisis cualitativo de esta problemática y deja de manifiesto la insatisfacción y la falta de celeridad en sus procesos, por lo que se busca una verdadera operacionalidad y utilizar las herramientas jurídicas dentro de los pautas constitucionales e internacionales de investigación, juzgamiento y sanción, permitiendo que no se sigan agravando las violaciones a los derechos humanos, de los excombatientes y sus familias., The Political Constitution of Colombia guarantees Due Process, which generates a certain confidence in any citizen prosecuted for a crime in this country, that is, the State acts under a block of constitutionality. Free participation in the evidentiary right is guaranteed, both victim and perpetrator have the same guarantees, at least that is the way it should be. In this investigation, the lack of guarantees that ex-combatants of the AUC have had in front of their processes, lacking the principles of immediacy, generating a bad procedure with the concentration of each of the processes that individual and collectively they have some defendants. Ex-combatants have seen their rights violated, when the principle of immediacy has not been complied with objectively, generating uncertainty and even legal limbo, which violates the rights of ex-combatants. The research presents a qualitative analysis of this problem and reveals the dissatisfaction and lack of speed in its processes, for which a true operationality is sought and the use of legal tools within the constitutional and international guidelines of investigation, prosecution and sanction, allowing that violations of human rights, of ex-combatants and their families do not continue to aggravate., Pregrado, Abogado(a), 1 ed., Introducción 12 1. Planteamiento del Problema 15 1.1. Problema 15 2. Justificación 17 3. Objetivos 19 3.1. Objetivo General 19 3.2. Objetivos Específicos 19 4. Estado del Arte 20 5. Marco Teórico 21 5.1. Bases Teóricas 21 5.1.1. Antecedentes Históricos 21 5.1.2. Antecedentes Investigativos 23 5.1.3. Antecedentes Legales 25 5.2. Marco Teórico 27 6. Metodología 34 6.1. Tipo de Investigación o Estudio 34 6.1.1. Descriptivo 34 6.1.2. Enfoque 34 6.1.3. Diseño de Investigación 34 6.1.4. Unidades de Análisis 34 6.1.5. Diseño Muestral 35 7. Análisis y Resultados 36 7.1. Indicar Sobre la Inmediación y la Concentración como Principios Regentes y Garantías Procesales del Derecho Penal 36 7.2. Describir las Estrategias Institucionales Utilizadas para la Satisfacción de la Garantía de No Repetición en el Marco del Proceso de Justicia y Paz 42 7.3. Diseñar una Propuesta para la Aplicación de los Criterios de Selección y Priorización en los Casos de los Excombatientes de las AUC. 47 8. Conclusiones 51 9. Referencias Bibliográficas 54

Using a patient’s genetic information to inform medication prescriptions can be clinically effective; however, the practice has not been widely implemented. Health systems need guidance on how to engage with providers to improve pharmacogenetic test utilization. Approaches from the field of implementation science may shed light on the complex factors affecting pharmacogenetic test use in real-world settings and areas to target to improve utilization. This paper presents an approach to studying the application of precision medicine that utilizes mixed qualitative and quantitative methods and implementation science frameworks to understand which factors or combinations consistently account for high versus low utilization of pharmocogenetic testing. This approach involves two phases: (1) collection of qualitative and quantitative data from providers—the cases—at four clinical institutions about their experiences with, and utilization of, pharmacogenetic testing to identify salient factors; and (2) analysis using a Configurational Comparative Method (CCM), using a mathematical algorithm to identify the minimally necessary and sufficient factors that distinguish providers who have higher utilization from those with low utilization. Advantages of this approach are that it can be used for small to moderate sample sizes, and it accounts for conditions found in real-world settings by demonstrating how they coincide to affect utilization.

A laccase from Oudemansiella canarii was immobilized using the crosslinked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) methodology and applied in the degradation of the anthraquinonic dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBB...

In 2009, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation recognized the importance and challenges surrounding generic drug immunosuppression. As experience with generics has expanded and comfort has increased, substantial issues have arisen since that time with other aspects of immunomodulation that have not been addressed, such as access to medicines, alternative immunosuppression formulations, additional generics, implications on therapeutic drug monitoring, and implications for special populations such as pediatrics and older adults. The aim of this consensus document is to address critically each of these concerns, expand on the challenges and barriers, and provide therapeutic considerations for practitioners who manage patients who need to undergo or have undergone cardiothoracic transplantation.