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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with a fairly poor prognosis (5-year survival of less than 50%). Using sorafenib, the only food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drug, HCC cannot be effectively treated; it can only be controlled at most for a couple of months. There is a great need to develop efficacious treatment against this debilitating disease. Glypican-3 (GPC3), a member of the glypican family that attaches to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, is overexpressed in HCC cases and is elevated in the serum of a large proportion of patients with HCC. GPC3 expression contributes to HCC growth and metastasis. Furthermore, several different types of antibodies targeting GPC3 have been developed. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literatures on the GPC3 expression in human HCC, molecular mechanisms of GPC3 regulation and antibodies targeting GPC3.

为对煎炸过程中甘油酯核心醛（GCAs）的调控提供指导，以高油酸葵花籽油煎炸薯条实验为例，探讨煎炸方式、频次、温度以及油料比对煎炸过程中9-氧代壬酸酰基甘油三酯（9-oxo）、8-氧代辛酸酰基甘油三酯（8-oxo）两种饱和型GCAs生成的影响。结果表明：间歇煎炸较连续煎炸更易导致GCAs的生成；每小时煎炸1批次薯条所产生的饱和型GCAs低于每小时煎炸2批次和4批次的；随着煎炸温度的降低，两种饱和型GCAs含量均减少；油料比为10∶ 1时，两种饱和型GCAs含量整体较低。综上，为控制饱和型GCAs的生成，需采用连续煎炸方式，尽量降低煎炸温度和煎炸频次，控制油料比为10∶ 1。 To provide guidance for the regulation of glyceride core aldehydes (GCAs) in the frying process, taking the experiment of frying French fries in high-oleic sunflower seed oil as an example, the effect of the frying method, frequency, temperature and oil-material ratio(ratio of frying oil to French fries) in frying on the formation of 9-oxo and 8-oxo saturated GCAs was investigated. The results showed that intermittent frying was more likely to lead to the formation of GCAs than continuous frying. The content of saturated GCAs in high-oleic sunflower seed oil with one frying per hour was lower than that in the samples with two or four frying times. The contents of two saturated GCAs decreased with the decrease of temperature. When the oil-material ratio was 10∶ 1, the content of the two saturated GCAs was lower as a whole. In conclusion, in order to control the generation of saturated GCAs, it is necessary to adopt a continuous frying method, reduce the frying temperature and frying frequency as much as possible, and control the oil-material ratio to 10∶ 1.

Tunable semiconductor lasers have many important applications such as wavelength division multiplexing, light detection and ranging, and gas detection. The increased interest in silicon photonics has led to the rapid development of miniaturized on-chip tunable semiconductor lasers. However, silicon has poor light-emitting properties. Therefore, realizing high-performance tunable semiconductor lasers requires the integration of light sources with silicon. In this study, we review silicon-based light source integration methods and the development of silicon-based integrated tunable semiconductor lasers. Considering that narrow-linewidth performance greatly expands the applications of tunable semiconductor lasers, methods for reducing the linewidth of tunable lasers are summarized. Finally, the development trends and prospects for silicon-based integrated light sources and silicon-based integrated tunable lasers are analyzed and discussed.

Background Gait speed and grip strength are simple markers of physical capability, which are associated with adverse outcomes in the elderly. However, there are few studies on the prediction of adverse outcomes in this population by the combination of the two markers. Objective To investigate the associations of gait speed and grip strength with adverse outcomes in geriatric inpatients. Methods A cohort design was used in this study. From August 2015 to December 2018, eligible geriatric inpatients aged≥65 years were recruited from Department of Geriatrics, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University. We measured the gait speed and grip strength with 6-meter walking test and dynamometer, respectively. By the gait speed, the patients were divided into tertiles (T1 group: ≤ 0.6 m/s, T2 group: >0.6-0.8 m/s, T3 group: >0.8 m/s). By the grip strength, they were divided into L1, L2 and L3 tertiles (L1 group: ≤ 21.6 kg for males, ≤ 14.6 kg for females; L2 group: > 21.6 kg but ≤ 28.2 kg for males, >14.6 kg but ≤ 19.4 kg for females; L3 group: >28.2 kg for males, >19.4 kg for females). Follow-up was conducted by telephone once every three months within one year after discharge and once half a year after this until December 31, 2019. All-cause mortality and falls were recorded. Survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association of gait speed, grip strength, or their combination with all-cause mortality and falls. ROC curves for comparing the ability of the two makers or their combination on predicting all-cause mortality and falls. Results Among the 685 patients, 29 (4.2%) were lost to follow-up, and the other 656 cases who finished the follow-up with complete data were included for analysis. During the follow-up period, 130 patients (19.8%) died from all causes and 147 patients (22.4%) experienced falls. There were 222, 225 and 209 patients in the low, moderate and high tertiles of gait speed (T1, T2 and T3 groups), and 215, 229 and 212 patients in the low, moderate and high tertiles of grip strength (L1, L2 and L3 groups), respectively. Log-rank test showed that the cumulative survival curves of all-cause mortality and falls differed significantly among T1, T2 and T3 groups (P