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Yan Peng,1,* Shenhong Li,2,* Ying Zhuang,3,* Xiaojia Liu,4 Lin Wu,2 Honghan Gong,2 Dewu Liu,1 Fuqing Zhou2 1Burn Center, 2Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, 3Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 4Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally tothis work Background and purpose: Little is known about the structural alterations within gray matter (GM) in middle-aged subjects with white matter hyperintense (WMH) lesions. Here, we aimed to examine the anatomical changes within the GM and their relationship to WMH lesion loads in middle-aged subjects. Participants and methods: Twenty-three middle-aged subjects with WMH lesions (WMH group) and 23 demographically matched healthy control subjects participated in the study. ADiffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Liealgebra-enhanced voxel-based morphometry was used to measure the GM density, and the correlations between WMH lesion volume and extracted GM values in abnormal regions were identified by voxel-based morphometry analysis. Results: Compared with the healthy control subjects, the WMH group had a significantly decreased GM density in the left middle frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, left and right premotor cortex, and left and right middle cingulate cortex and an increased GM density in the bilateral cerebellum anterior lobe, left middle temporal gyrus, right temporoparietal junction, left and right prefrontal cortex (PFC), and left inferior parietal lobule. A relationship was observed between the normalized WMH lesion volume and the decreased GM density, including the left middle frontal gyrus (ρ=-0.629, P=0.002), bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ρ=-0.507, P=0.019), right middle cingulate cortex (ρ=-0.484, P=0.026), and right premotor cortex (ρ=-0.438, P=0.047). The WMH lesion loads also negatively correlated with increased GM density in the right temporoparietal junction (ρ=-0.484, P=0.026), left PFC (ρ=-0.469, P=0.032), and right PFC (ρ=-0.438, P=0.047). Conclusion: We observed that lesion load-associated structural plasticity corresponds to bidirectional changes in regional GM density in the WMH group. Keywords: white matter hyperintense lesion, voxel-based morphometry, normal-appearing gray matter, aging

The first edition of the standard IEC 61400-24, Wind Generator Systems – Part 24 Lightning Protection, was issued in June 2010, and the scope was to reflect the experiences and technical understanding of lightning protection of wind turbines by manufacturers, certification organizations, research institutes and universities. It presented background statistical information on lightning damage to wind turbines, and it provided guidance on lightning protection best practices. Since then, the wind power industry has further developed towards even larger onshore and offshore wind turbines and into a mature industry. This is the background for the current draft of the 2018 revision of the IEC 61400-24, which transforms the 2010 edition into an evolution of the previous issued standard based on improved technical experience and expertise.

© 1999-2012 IEEE. Recent skeleton-based action recognition approaches achieve great improvement by using recurrent neural network (RNN) models. Currently, these approaches build an end-to-end network from coordinates of joints to class categories and improve accuracy by extending RNN to spatial domains. First, while such well-designed models and optimization strategies explore relations between different parts directly from joint coordinates, we provide a simple universal spatial modeling method perpendicular to the RNN model enhancement. Specifically, according to the evolution of previous work, we select a set of simple geometric features, and then seperately feed each type of features to a three-layer LSTM framework. Second, we propose a multistream LSTM architecture with a new smoothed score fusion technique to learn classification from different geometric feature streams. Furthermore, we observe that the geometric relational features based on distances between joints and selected lines outperform other features and the fusion results achieve the state-of-the-art performance on four datasets. We also show the sparsity of input gate weights in the first LSTM layer trained by geometric features and demonstrate that utilizing joint-line distances as input require less data for training.

© 2018 American Chemical Society. A spark ignition (SI) engine with an ethanol direct injection (EDI) and gasoline port injection (GPI) system has been studied quite recently. In order to investigate its application, experiments were carried out on a single-cylinder 250 cm3 short stroke motorcycle SI engine, which is supplied with the ethanol-gasoline dual injection system. Experimental findings have revealed that EDI helped increase the lean combustion limit owing to the combination effects of the dual injection and ethanol fuel. At the identical engine speed and load, the lean burn limit in the dual injection model was, on average, 0.2 times higher than that in the corresponding single GPI model. Increasing ethanol energy ratio (EER) gave rise to the increase in the lean burn limit; nevertheless, the increase rate began reducing when the EER was above 48% and 42% at 4000 and 3500 rpm, correspondingly. Subsequently, late ethanol direct injection (LEDI), following the intake valve closing slightly extended the lean burn limit, probably, owing to the unsatisfactory mixture quality. Early ethanol direct injection (EEDI) prior to the intake valve closing was more helpful in increasing lean burn limit as compared with the LEDI. Nonetheless, further advance of spark timing earlier than 35 crank angle degress before top dead center (CAD BTDC) in LEDI situation, in addition 30 CAD BTDC in EEDI situation, might lead to reduction of the lean burn limit.

© 2016 IEEE. It is observed that distinct words in a given document have either strong or weak ability in delivering facts (i.e., the objective sense) or expressing opinions (i.e., the subjective sense) depending on the topics they associate with. Motivated by the intuitive assumption that different words have varying degree of discriminative power in delivering the objective sense or the subjective sense with respect to their assigned topics, a model named as identified objective-subjective latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) (iosLDA) is proposed in this paper. In the iosLDA model, the simple Pólya urn model adopted in traditional topic models is modified by incorporating it with a probabilistic generative process, in which the novel 'Bag-of-Discriminative-Words' (BoDW) representation for the documents is obtained; each document has two different BoDW representations with regard to objective and subjective senses, respectively, which are employed in the joint objective and subjective classification instead of the traditional Bag-of-Topics representation. The experiments reported on documents and images demonstrate that: 1) the BoDW representation is more predictive than the traditional ones; 2) iosLDA boosts the performance of topic modeling via the joint discovery of latent topics and the different objective and subjective power hidden in every word; and 3) iosLDA has lower computational complexity than supervised LDA, especially under an increasing number of topics.

Fuqing Zhou,1,2,* Ying Zhuang,3,* Lingling Wang,4 Yue Zhang,5 Lin Wu,1,2 Xianjun Zeng,1,2 Honghan Gong1,2 1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, 2Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, 3Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 4Department of Geriatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 5Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally tothis work Background and purpose: Little is known about the functional and structural connectivity (FC and SC) of the hippocampus and amygdala, which are two important structures involved in cognitive processes, or their involvement in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In this study, we aimed to examine the connectivity of white-matter (WM) tracts and the synchrony of intrinsic neuronal activity in outer regions connected with the hippocampus or amygdala in RRMS patients.Patients and methods: Twenty-three RRMS patients and 23 healthy subjects participated in this study. Diffusion tensor probabilistic tractography was used to examine the SC, the FC correlation coefficient (FC-CC) and combined FC strength (FCS), which was derived from the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging used to examine the FC, of the connection between the hippocampus or the amygdala and other regions, and the correlations of these connections with clinical markers. Results: Compared with healthy subjects, the RRMS patients showed significantly decreased SC and increased FCS of the bilateral hippocampus, and left amygdala. Their slightly increased FC-CC was positively correlated with WM tract damage in the right hippocampus (ρ=0.57, P=0.005); an increased FCS was also positively correlated with WM tract damage in the right amygdala. A relationship was observed between the WM lesion load and SC alterations, including the lg(N tracts) of the right hippocampus (ρ=-0.68, P

The involvement of host factors is critical to our understanding of underlying mechanisms of transposition and the applications of transposon-based technologies. Modified piggyBac (PB) is one of the most potent transposon systems in mammals. However, varying transposition efficiencies of PB among different cell lines have restricted its application. We discovered that the DNA-PK complex facilitates PB transposition by binding to PB transposase (PBase) and promoting paired-end complex formation. Mass spectrometry analysis and coimmunoprecipitation revealed physical interaction between PBase and the DNA-PK components Ku70, Ku80, and DNA-PKcs. Overexpression or knockdown of DNA-PK components enhances or suppresses PB transposition in tissue culture cells, respectively. Furthermore, germ-line transposition efficiency of PB is significantly reduced in Ku80 heterozygous mutant mice, confirming the role of DNA-PK in facilitating PB transposition in vivo. Fused dimer PBase can efficiently promote transposition. FRET experiments with tagged dimer PBase molecules indicated that DNA-PK promotes the paired-end complex formation of the PB transposon. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the role of DNA-PK in facilitating PB transposition and suggest a transposition-promoting manipulation by enhancing the interaction of the PB ends. Consistent with this, deletions shortening the distance between the two PB ends, such as PB vectors with closer ends (PB-CE vectors), have a profound effect on transposition efficiency. Taken together, our study indicates that in addition to regulating DNA repair fidelity during transposition, DNA-PK also affects transposition efficiency by promoting paired-end complex formation. The approach of CE vectors provides a simple practical solution for designing efficient transposon vectors.