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Procedures for the preparation of UDP-N-[1-14C]acetyl-D-glucosamine and UDP-N-[1-14C]acetyl-D-galactosamine with very high specific activities are described. The overall yield based on the amount of [1-14C]acetate used is greater than 80%. The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-alpha-1-phosphate used in this synthesis is prepared by phosphorylation of tetraacetyl-D-N-acetylglucosamine with crystalline phosphoric acid. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-alpha-1-phosphate is then deacetylated in anhydrous hydrazine with hydrazine sulfate as a catalyst. D-glucosamine-alpha-1-phosphate is N-acetylated with [14C]acetate using N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline as the coupling agent. The acetylated product is coverted to the UDP derivative with yeast UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine pyrophosphorylase. UDP-N-[1-14C]acetylgalactosamine is prepared by acetylation of UDP-galactosamine using [1-14C]acetate and N-ethoxy-carbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline. UDP-galactosamine is prepared enzymatically using galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. The labeled products, isolated and characterized by ion-exchange and paper chromatography, were active as substrates in glycosyl transferase systems.

Hydrazine (H2N-NH2) is a strong reducing agent, widely used in large amounts as an anticorrosive agent, as an intermediate in chemical syntheses, and as a propellant fuel. The compound at a single, high dose is neurotoxic, producing convulsions and respiratory arrest; at a lower single dose, hydrazine produces marked damage to the liver and kidneys (1,2). In a number of in vitro and in vivo tests, hydrazine, at relatively low concentration (dose), was positive as a mutagen (3–7). Chronic oral administration of hydrazine, at doses which depressed growth rate, produced pulmonary carcinomas in mice (8) and hepatocellular carcinomas and lung adenocarcinomas in rats and mice (9). When administered by inhalation at four different doses to rats, mice, and hamsters for 6 hr/d, 5 d/wk for 1 yr, hydrazine (only at the maximum tolerated dose) induced microscopic squamous cell carcinomas in the nasal turbinates of rats but no tumors in mice or hamsters (10). Hydrazine is capable of reacting in vitro under severe conditions with pyrimidine bases in DNA nucleotides to form the dihydro- or 4-hydrazino-derivatives or to open the pyrimidine rings (11). No one has yet been able to demonstrate a hydrazine-DNA adduct under in vivo conditions.

Chemical treatment of proteins in feeds can, by crosslinking protein chains or other chemical effects, decrease their solubility and microbial degradation in the rumen. A need exists to modify proteins systematically under well-defined conditions with inexpensive reagents and to evaluate the treated products nutritionally for possible beneficial effects on wool growth and quality as well as production of meat and milk. As a first step toward this goal we evaluated many derivatives of casein treated at pH 9–10 with various acylating and alkylating agents. Initial tests indicate that all treatments decreased protein digestion by rumen microorganisms. Potentially crosslinking reagents are usually more effective than similar ones that cannot crosslink. A few treatments gave ruminal protection that approached or exceeded that obtained with formaldehyde. This result shows that systematic evaluation of ruminai in vitro digestibility of protein derivatives may disclose new products deserving tests of postruminal digestibility and practical nutritive value.

Hydrazines, but not triazines, have been identified in a small number of biological substances. Those used in cancer chemotherapy are synthetic products, are relatively unstable, and provide biologically active groups on their decomposition and metabolism. The basic moieties of hydrazine, H2N-NH2, and triazene, NH2 N=NH, are substituted with aromatic and aliphatic groups on both ends of their nitrogen bridges; these substituents probably also provide a limited stability to the respective molecules. While a large number of derivatives in both groups have been synthesized and evaluated for biological activity, the representatives reported in this chapter are few, and are the most interesting ones from both the therapeutic and the theoretical points of view.

Treatment of inbred CBA mice with hydrazine sulfate, a liver carcinogen, plus [14C]formate or L-[methyl-14C]-methionine as a source of "C1" units, produced [14C]7-methylguanine (7-MG) in liver DNA and RNA. This methylated guanine was identified by its chromatographic characteristics in three different systems: on Sephadex G10, on Dowex 50, and by paper co-chromatography with authentic 7-MG. Mice that received [14C]formate alone showed no 7-MG in their DNA or RNA. In addition, mice treated with L-[methyl-14C]methionine alone showed no 7-MG in their DNA. These results suggest that "indirect" alkylation of nucleic acids is a mechanism of cancer initiation by hydrazine.

Tests for elements in organic substances are carried out after oxidative or reductive mineralization by common methods of inorganic qualitative analysis.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the synthesis of amino sugar derivatives by replacing р-tolylsulfonyloxy (tosyloxy) groups with hydrazine and subsequent reduction of the hydrazino compounds. Highly concentrated hydrazine (> 95%) can be obtained by distillation of ∼ 85% hydrazine hydrate over sodium hydroxide. Anhydrous hydrazine can be easily prepared from hydrazine sulfate and liquid ammonia by a modification of the method of Browne and Welsh, which avoids heating above room temperature. In some cases, replacement with hydrazine gives better results than replacement with azide or ammonia. When two tosyloxy groups have an appropriate steric arrangement, cyclization to an imino derivative takes place.

Il solfato di idrazina inhibisce l'effetto citopatico e la moltiplicazione sia del virus polio che di quello vaccinico. Tale azione non deriva ne da un effetto sulla particella virale ne da un danno cellulare.

A method for the determination of serum iron is presented in which the iron is split from protein and the proteins precipitated by hot trichloroacetic acid, the iron in the supernate is reduced by hydrazine sulfate and the ferrous iron determined by reaction with the water-soluble, sulfonated derivative of bathophenanthroline. Correction for background absorbance is made by reading the absorbance prior to color development. The advantages of this procedure are that the protein-free supernates are invariably optically clear, a correction is made for the presence of interfering pigments in the filtrates, hemoglobin does not interfere until the concentration exceeds 100 mg/100 ml and the absorbances obtained with normal sera are considerably higher than those obtained by most methods previously offered. The method of Peters et al. for the determination of iron-binding capacity has been modified and evidence for its accuracy presented. Evidence for certain limitations in the determination of serum iron and unsaturated iron-binding capacity by certain other methods is presented. Data are presented on the stability of serum iron and iron-binding capacity at room and refrigerator temperatures. Normal values for serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, unsaturated iron-binding capacity and % saturation, as obtained by the modified methods, are presented.

Although the precise mechanism of endotoxin lethality has yet to be defined, it is well recognized that the amount of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is reproducibly and significantly reduced after challenge with endotoxin. Hydrazine has been shown to be a specific inhibitor of gluconeogenesis, causing a metabolic crossover at the step catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. More recently, it has also been shown that hydrazine sulfate may be of potential therapeutic value against cancer cachexia. The experiments described in this paper demonstrate that treatment of CF1 mice with hydrazine sulfate 5 h prior to challenge with endotoxin from Salmonella enteritidis significantly improved survival. Furthermore, such treatment counteracted the drop in hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in isolated cytosol otherwise evident at 6 h and 12 h after endotoxin challenge. Despite this, there was no corresponding improvement in the plasma glucose, measured at 6, 12, and 24 h following endotoxin challenge. It is suggested that the endogenous response to the metabolic crossover initiated by hydrazine may contribute to the protection. The response to hydrazine sulfate has yet to be fully elaborated but does include the increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. In contrast with the protection seen upon hydrazine sulfate pretreatment, injecting a corresponding dose of hydrazine sulfate after the endotoxin resulted in more fatalities.

The important operations in the production of polyoxadiazole fibre include the control and purification of the wash water and coagulation bath both of which contain hydrazine sulfate and terephthalic acid. The literature contains information relating only to the analysis of the airborne hydrazine sulfate in the industrial premises. In the investigation reported in this article the writers used spectrophotometry to determine the content of hydrazine sulfate and terephthalic acid in the coagulation bath and wash water. The instrument used was an SF-16 spectrophotometer with a 1 cm deep layer in the cuvette.

A study was made of the oxidation of a number of thienylbutynols to the corresponding acetylenic ketones of the thiophene series, which were converted to 3-thienylpyrazoles by treatment with hydrazine sulfate.

Chlorobromamine-B is proposed as an oxidimetric titrant in AcOH for potentiometric titrn. of hydrazine sulfate, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, semicarbazide hydrochloride, Fe(CN)64-, Sb(III), SCN-, thiosemicarbazide, isoniazid, indigo carmine, oxine, and Tl(I). [on SciFinder(R)]

IN BOTH randomized double-blind and nonrandomized studies, our group and others have tested hydrazine sulfate in advanced-stage cancer patients and found it to have little value.1-4If our clinical impressions are true, why does publicity engendered byPenthousemagazine, Gold,5and Russian reports6-8as to hydrazine's value contradict our experience? I first heard of hydrazine from Joseph Gold, MD, of the Syracuse Cancer Research Institute in the spring of 1973. To his credit, the use of hydrazine was based on his original concept that the glycolysis of cancer cells and the presence of cancer stimulated gluconeogenesis, which constituted a systemic metabolic circuit capable of drawing substantial amounts of energy from the cancer host.9-10Dr Gold postulated that this mechanism of energy loss was responsible for cancer cachexia, which he believed could be reversed by metabolically interrupting gluconeogenesis. Based on Gold's11,12concept that he could reverse

The phosphor content in rehydrating solutions it was determined through of the molybdenium blue method, using hydrazine sulfate as a reducing agent. Besides the spectrophotometric parameters it was studied the ions interference that generally are present in this kind of pharmaceutical formulation.

A novel and simple fiber formation process has been developed to fabricate aromatic polyoxadiazoles. The aromatic copolyoxadiazole solution prepared from terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and hydrazine sulfate in fuming sulfuric acid was utilized directly as spinning solution and was successfully wet-spun to form fiber into a coagulating bath containing sulfuric acid. In the wet-spinning process, selection of the coagulating bath was the most important factor, and the best results were obtained by the use of approximately 50 wt-% aqueous sulfuric acid. It was easy to prepare a polyoxadiazole fiber having a tenacity of more than 4 g/den. and an elongation of more than 10%. In addition, the fiber properties reached to a tenacity of 6 g/den. and an elongation of 12% under optimum spinning conditions. The wet-spun polyoxadiazole fiber showed an almost round cross section and a clear skin-core structure by microscopic observation. The fiber had a high level of thermal and dimensional stability and a high proportion of property retention at elevated temperatures, as well as all-round general fiber properties.

A short note on the titration of hydrazine sulfate with standard bromate in the presence of sodium molybdate that requires students to identify the products through the use of some elementary qualitative analysis.

The method depends on the reduction of ferricyanide by the sugar, and the determination of the excess ferricyanide, by measuring the nitrogen gas evolved by the reaction with hydrazine: 4 K3Fe(CN)6+N2H4+4 NaOH = 4 K3NaFe(CN)6+4 H2O+N2 The reagent solution contains 6 grams of potassium ferricyanide and 150 grams Na2CO2. per liter. One volume of this is mixed in a tube of 10 mm. diameter with 2 volumes of sugar solution, or of Folin-Wu blood filtrate, containing 0.04 to 0.4 mg. of glucose per cc. This is heated 4 minutes by immersion in boiling water. The solution is cooled to room temperature, and is resaturated with air by stoppering and shaking the tube 1 minute. Two cc. of a solution, prepared by mixing 1 volume of saturated hydrazine sulfate solution with 1 volume of 40 per cent sodium hydroxide, is placed in the chamber of the Van Slyke-Neill1 manometric blood gas apparatus. Three cc. of the sugar-cyanide solution are then measured into the chamber from a rubber-tipped pipette (described by Van Slyke ...