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Background: Understanding the prevalence of menstrual disorders has important implications for both health service planning and risk factor epidemiology. Objective: The aim of this review is to identify and collate studies describing the prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran. Materials and Methods: Studies with original data related to the prevalence of menstrual disorders were identified via searching six electronic databases and reviewing citations. All abstracts or titles found by the electronic searches were independently scrutinized by two reviewers. The Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model, considering the remarkable heterogeneity among studies. A total of 35 eligible epidemiological studies were included in this review. Results: Overall, the pooled prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 73.27% (95% CI=65.12-81.42). The mean proportion of women with oligomenorrhea was 13.11% (95.5%, 95% CI: 10.04-16.19). We identified 16 studies that reported polymenorrhoea with a random effect of pooled prevalence estimate of 9.94% (95% CI 7.33%-12.56%). The prevalence estimate of hypermenorrhea was 12.94% (95% CI 9.31%-16.57%). Overall prevalence of hypomenorrhea was 5.25% (95% CI 3.20%-7.30%), ranging from 0.9- 12.90%. Pooling six studies that reported estimates for menorrhagia, the overall prevalence was 19.24% (95% CI 12.78-25.69). Overall, 6.04% (95% CI: 1.99-10.08) of the women were shown to have metrorrhagia. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that the average prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran is substantial. It has been neglected as a fundamental problem of women's reproductive health. Diagnosis and treatment of these disorders should be included in the primary health care system of reproductive health.

Background: Knowing the symptoms of heart failure and the way they are different among men and women can reduce decision making time in providing diagnostic and therapeutic measures. It can also improve the quality of the response. This study aimed to compare the type and severity of symptoms experienced by men and women with acute coronary syndromes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 175 patients admitted to coronary care and cardiac units of Imam Hossein Hospital (Shahroud, Iran) were evaluated. Data was collected via interviews and a checklist including demographic characteristics, symptoms, risk factors, disease history, and associated symptoms. Severity of subjective symptoms was measured through a visual analogue scale. Data was analyzed using chi-square test and independent t-tests. Findings: Out of 175 subjects with a final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, 100 subjects (57.1%) were women and 75 (42.9%) were men. Chest pain was significantly more common in men than in females (P = 0.004). Most patients (69.7%) reported pain in the central and upper regions of the chest. However, this symptom was significantly more prevalent among women than among men (P = 0.002). There were gender differences in some atypical symptoms but angina was similar. The mean scores of severity of pain, sweating, and palpitations were significantly higher in women. Conclusion: This study showed that symptoms of men and with acute coronary syndrome were somewhat different. Hence, excessive attention to typical symptoms of acute coronary syndrome can foreclose care in early stages. Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Clinical symptoms, Heart failure, Women, Men

Objective: Leukemia is the most prevalent type of cancer in children. The aim of this study was to estimate the 5-year survival rates of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) as well as factors influencing them., Methods: This is a nonrandomized retrospective study conducted on 280 patients with ALL and AML. They were all below 15 years old children admitted to Shahid Faghihi hospital, Shiraz, Iran from 2004 to 2008.The survival rates were estimated by applying the Kaplan-Meier method. In addition, the log rank test was used to estimate the statistical significance of differences in the survival probability. Cox regression model was applied to conduct multivariate analysis for adjusting confounding variable. All analyses were performed in SPSS statistical software (version 16). P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant., Findings: The mean (± standard deviation) of the observation period was 28.2±16.1 months. In this period, 60 (24.7%) patients (47 ALL and 15 AML) passed away. The cumulative rate of survival in this study was 53.3±0.1 percent. This probability was 56.6±0.1% and 44.2±0.1% for ALL and AML patients, respectively, which indicates no statistically significant difference between them (P=0.8). According to Cox model, there was a significant relationship among the variables of platelet count and relapse with the survival rate., Conclusion: Platelet count was identified as a positive prognostic factor of the survival rate in ALL patients. However, on the base of our results and other studies, incidence of relapse and the number of relapses are significant factors of survival rates of leukemia.