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Exosome is a kind of nanoscale-size extracellular vesicles secreted by the means of cell active stimulation with outer membrane structure of vacuoles corpuscle. It can carry and transfer a lot of biological molecules, such as DNA fragments, circular RNA (circRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), functional proteins, transcription factors, etc., so as to achieve the goal of information transmission between cells. The relationship between exosomes and diabetes has received extensive attention in recent years. The exosomes play an important role in insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and vascular endothelial function. This paper reviews the role of exosomes in the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications, and discusses the role and prospect of exosomes as a target for diabetes treatment and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.

Objective: To study clinical effects of needle Dao for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome., Methods: From July 2014 to December 2016, 60 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were divided into two groups: needle Dao treatment group(treatment group), and brace and medicine treatment group(control group), 30 cases in each group. There were 8 males and 22 females in the treatment group, with an average age of (49.38±7.43) years old. There were 7 males and 23 females in the control group, with an average age of (50.23±8.71) years old. There were no statistically significant differences between two groups before treatment in age, sex, course of disease, sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV), sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), and distal motor latency(DML). The patients in the treatment group were treated with needle Dao for 1 to 2 times, while the patients in the control group were given celecoxib, vitamin B1 and vitamin B12, with the brace fixed. After treatment, the changes of SCV, SNAP and DML in two groups were observed., Results: After treatment, the SCV were (48.63±7.33) m/s and (41.24±6.15) m/s in treatment group and control group separately, the SNAP were (9.89±3.71) m/s and (8.22±2.19) m/s, and the DML were(5.11±2.28) m/s and (6.13±2.23) m/s. The SCV, SNAP and DML after treatment were better than those before treatment( P <0.05). And the results of SCV, SNAP and DML of patients in the treatment group were better than those of patients in the control group( P <0.001)., Conclusions: Needle Dao can effectively improve the overall treatment efficiency of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and reduce the symptoms of patients, which is feasible and suitable to use in clinical., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Objective: To study clinical efficacy of autologous bone graft for acetabular defect of Crowe III and IV hip dysplasia., Methods: The 22 patients with 25 hips of DDH (Crowe type III, IV) from March 2010 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) combined autogenous bone grafting was performed for all these patients with osteoarthritis secondary to DDH. Among them, 19 patients were females (21 hips) and 3 patients were males (4 hips), ranging in age from 43 to 67 years old, averaged 55 years old. There were 6 hips with Crowe type III and 19 hips with Crowe type IV. Before surgery, all the patients had hip pain, limb shortening and hip limited function of hip joint. After 12 months, the degree of recovery about limb length, functional recovery, autogenous bone graft fusion were observed., Results: All the patients were followed up and no dislocation were occurred. At 12 months after operation, the average Harris hip joint llzncation score were 83.30±6.13, and 18 cases got an excellent result and 4 good. The length of lower limbs decreased from preoperative (3.20±0.81) cm to 12 months after operation (0.92±0.23) cm (t=14.864, P<0.05)., Conclusion: THA combined with structural femoral head autograft for patients with osteoarthritis secondary to DDH can obtain favorable results, significantly improving the effect of operation treatment.

Regional Nutrient Management (ReNuMa) was applied to estimate dissolved nitrogen (DN) load and perform source apportionment in Shuaishui watershed during 2000-2010. Satisfactory performance of ReNuMa was revealed by the E(ns) and R2 of greater than 0.9 in calibrating and validating streamflow and DN. The average nonpoint DN load in this watershed was 1.11 x 10(3) t x a(-1), with the load intensity of (0.75 +/- 0.22) t x km(-2). Among all the land uses, paddy field had the largest DN load intensity [28.60 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1)], while forest had the least [2.71 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1)]. Agricultural land (including paddy, grain, cash crop, tea plant and orchard) contributed most to DN load in Shuaishui watershed, indicating that the human dominated agricultural activities was the major contributor of nonpoint source pollution. Land use structure optimization for Shuaishui watershed in 2015 was conducted under the rule of reducing pollutants loads and maximizing the agricultural output value. The results demonstrated that agricultural monetary growth was accompanied with the increasing DN load at the optimal level, although output increment was higher than that of DN load.

Objective: To observe clinical efficacy of renovation stem revision femoral head arthroplasty for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly., Methods: Totally 32 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture were treated with renovation stem revision femoral head arthroplasty from September 2007 to January 2011. There were 11 males and 21 females with an average age of 83.8 (ranged, 80 to 98) years old,the time from injury to hospital ranged from 4 h to 14 days. According to Evans-Jensen classification, 6 cases were type II a, 20 cases were type II b, and 6 cases were type III. Postoperative mortality, complication rates and Harris hip function score were compared and analyzed to evaluate curative effect., Results: All patients were followed up and no dislocation occurred. Six patients were died during 15 months and 4.5 years; 24 cases recoved to independent wakling at 6 months after operation, and 8 cases walked with stick and walker. The average Harris hip joint function score were (91.56 +/- 2.96), 28 cases got excellent results and 4 cases good. Nine cases occurred complications and healed after treatment., Conclusion: Renovation stem revision femoral head arthroplasty is a active and reliable method in treating unstable intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly.

Forest soil is one of the main carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystem. Its organic matter content can provide basic information for estimating soil carbon storage, and also, is an important index for evaluating the function of soil carbon sink. Based on the LiDAR data and the topsoil organic matter contents in 55 permanent plots at Liangshui National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China in August 2009, and by using partial least squares (PLS) method, this paper retrieved the forest topsoil organic matter's spatial pattern in the Reserve, extracted and screened the variables related to the distribution of the topsoil organic matter (e. g. , intensity, counts, elevation, slope, and aspect), and analyzed and defined the correlations between the screened variables and topsoil organic matter content, with the prediction model of forest soil organic matter content established and validated. In the Reserve, the forest topsoil organic matter content was significantly and positively correlated with three variables (intensity, r = 0.765; counts, r = 0.423; and elevation r = 0.475; all P<0.001). The model prediction on the topsoil organic matter content was reliable (precision = 83.3%, R2 = 0.725, RMSE = 1.955 ). In the areas of forest edge and of low canopy stands, the topsoil organic matter content was less than 100 g x kg(-1). The majority of the study area had a topsoil organic matter content of 100-150 g x kg(-1), while a few areas had the topsoil organic matter content as high as 150-318.4 g x kg(-1).

Chlorothalonil is the priority organic pollutant listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. To utilize the function of microbial degradation in the bioremediation of chlorothalonil-contaminated soil is of practical significance. In this study, a chlorothalonil-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain CTN-3 isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil was used to examine the chlorothalonil-degrading capacity of the strain and related affecting factors in a microcosm. In sterilized soil, the effect of CTN-3 on chlorothalonil degradation was better than that in unsterilized soil. Various factors, including soil pH, temperature, initial chlorothalonil concentration, and inoculum size, affected the degradation of chlorothalonil by the strain. With the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU x g(-1) soil, the CTN-3 at 15-30 degrees C and pH 5.8-8.3 could effectively degrade 10-200 mg x kg(-1) of chlorothalonil, suggesting that the strain CTN-3 had great potential in the bioremediation of chlorothalonil-contaminated soil.

Objective: To compare therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture at Houxi (SI 3) and medicine on acute lumbar sprain., Methods: Three hundred cases of acute lumbar sprain were randomly divided into two groups, a electroacupuncture (EA) group and a medication group, 150 cases in each group. The EA group were treated with EA at Houxi (SI 3), once each day, 3 sessions constituting one course, and the medication group with Mobike, once daily, 7. 5 mg each time. Their therapeutic effects were evaluated after treatment for 7 days and one month respectively., Results: For the short-term therapeutic effect, the effective rate was 97. 3% in the EA group and 89. 2% in the medication group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01); for the long-term therapeutic effect, the effective rate was 99. 3% in the EA group and 93. 2% in the medication group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01)., Conclusion: Both the short-term and the long-term therapeutic effects of EA at Houxi (SI 3) on acute lumbar sprain are better than those in the medication group.

AIM:To observe the therapeutic effect of moxibustion on ulcerative colitis and its influence on the colonic mucosal morphology.METHODS:Forty-six patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into the moxibustion with herbal medicine underneath group and the western medicine group. Thirty patients were treated with the above moxibustion and 16 patients with Salicylaye fapyridine (SASP).The colonic mucosa of 13 patients in the moxibustion group was observed by colonoscopy before and after the treatment. Mucin was also analyzed by H.E and AB-PAS staining.RESULTS:Seventeen patients were clinically cured,12 were improved and 1 unchanged in the moxibustion group. In the control group, 5 patients were clinically cured,7 improved and 4 unchanged. Thirteen patients with active UC were taken as the subjects for histopathologic analysis in this study. The colonic mucosal lesions were remarkably improved and the characteristic of the mucin also changed. In most sections, the chronic inflammation of mucosa was geatly ameliorated (P< 0.01). The inflammatory cell infiltratation much decreased and neutrophils, disapeared in most sections (P<0.001). The goblet cells significantly increased (P<0.001); crypt paracrypt abscess or mucosal ulceration was seen(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The rate of cure of ulcerative colitis by moxibustion with herbal medicine beneath is superior to that by SASP. This sort of moxibustion can effectively improve the colonic mucosal lesions and restore the proportion of mucoprotein to near normal.