151. Linking rooting depth and fine root turnover to soil organic carbon stocks in a Mediterranean agroforestry system
- Author
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Cardinael, Rémi, Chevallier, Tiphaine, Jourdan, Christophe, Germon, Amandine, Dupraz, Christian, Chenu, Claire, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and International Society of Root Research (ISRR). INT.
- Subjects
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol ,soil organic carbon ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,rooting ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement ,root ,F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes ,K10 - Production forestière - Abstract
Introduction :Much attention has been paid to agroforestry systems these last decades as they combine food production and provide different ecosystem services such as erosion control, biodiversity enhancement, and climate change mitigation. However, the functioning of these systems and the services they provide mainly depends on belowground processes, which are poorly known. We hypothesized that a deep rooting of trees below the crop roots would increase the organic C inputs to soil and therefore affect soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Our goals were therefore to quantify tree fine root distribution in an agroforestry plot, to estimate turnover of shallow and deep fine roots, and to measure SOC stocks. Methods : Our study site was located in the Mediterranean region of France, 15 km North of Montpellier. This 18-year-old experimental site comprised an agricultural control plot (AC), where durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) is cultivated, an agroforestry plot (AF) where hybrid walnut (Juglans regia × nigra L.) trees are intercropped with durum wheat, and a tree monoculture (TM) where only walnut trees are grown. A 2 m deep pit was dug in both the AF and TM plots, as well as an additional 4 m deep × 5 m long pit in the AF plot (Cardinael et al. 2015). Fine root impacts were mapped to measure root intersection density, and soil cubes were sampled at different depths to measure root length density. In the deep AF pit, 16 minirhizotrons were installed at four depths (0, 1, 2.5, 4 m) and two distances from the trees (2 and 5 m). Tree fine root dynamics were monitored during one year. To assess soil organic carbon storage between the AC and AF plots, 100 soil cores were sampled in both plots down to 2 m soil depth, at different distances from the trees. Results and Discussion : In the TM plot, about 70% of tree fine root density was concentrated in the first 0.6 m of soil. In the AF plot, root density was significantly smaller in the topsoil than in the TM plot, but was still high at 1.0-1.5 m deep. In the AF plot, 50% of total fine root density was below 1 m, and about 35% was between 2 and 4 m. This deeper rooting of walnut trees in the AF plot due to the competition with winter crops may explain the good performances observed in this system, as trees are able to reach the watertable (Mulia and Dupraz 2006). Fine root turnover ranged from 1.5 to 2.6 year-1 and decreased with increasing soil depth and root diameter. Down to 2 m soil depth, organic carbon inputs to the soil were increased by 30% in the AF plot compared to the AC plot, and about 70% of this increase was due to fine root mortality (walnut, and herbaceous vegetation in the tree rows). A positive additional SOC storage was found in the AF plot compared to the AC plot down to 1 m soil depth (+ 6.3 ± 1.6 Mg C ha-1). However, 75% of this additional storage was located in 0-30 cm. Conclusion : This work provides new insights on belowground functioning of agroforestry systems with a novel focus in deep soil layers. Additional SOC storage in the agroforestry system seems to be mainly due to more organic inputs to soil from root mortality, but it could also partly be explained by a change in soil organic matter stabilization, which is currently investigated. Linking rooting depth and fine root turnover to soil organic carbon stocks in a Mediterranean agroforestry system.
- Published
- 2015