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Determines the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments on gelation of Pacific whiting surimi (with and without protease inhibitors) and Alaska pollock. Strain values at all pressure/temperature combinations compared with heat-set controls; Dependence of stress values for samples on treatment and species.

Abstract: This paper presents an experimental validation of discrete element method (DEM) simulation for falling process of dry granular steps. Three chute slopes were considered in the study. The corresponding physical experiments were carried out in our previous study. The DEM simulations matched well with the experimental results regarding the external flow characteristics such as flow regimes, surface profiles, final deposit angles, velocity profiles at the sidewall, receding upper granular surfaces and flow rates. Subsequently, the DEM simulations were used to explore the internal flow patterns of the granular collapse, including translational velocity profiles and angular velocity profiles inside the granular assembly. According to the DEM simulation results, a mixed velocity profile (an upper convex and lower concave profile) appears in the central part of the chute, whilst the velocity profile follows a sidewall-stabilized heap (SSH) rheology (a concave profile) near the sidewall. The chute inclination facilitates the transformation from the SSH rheology to the mixed velocity profile in a narrow channel. The DEM simulations not only verify the experimental observation but also enhance the understanding of flow patterns induced by the collapse of dry granular steps. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper proposes a method of reducing the data voltage Vd of plasma display panels (PDPs). The proposed biased-scan method uses two separate ground systems: one for the sustain pulse generator (FGND) and the other for the data address and control systems (CHGND). A dc voltage bias, which is applied between CHGND and FGND during the address period, reduces Vd while preventing the undesired glow discharge induced by a scan pulse only. CHGND is connected to FGND for the first sustain pulse of each subfield, which reduces the time lag of address discharge, but it is separated from FGND for the other sustain pulses to increase the margin of the sustain voltage. The proposed method was tested on a 15% Xe 50-in. Full HD (1920×1080) single-scan PDP which had a sustain discharge gap of 110μm. Vd could be reduced by 20V (30%), and the power consumption of the Vd voltage source decreased by ∼25W (50%) from that of the conventional method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The photodegradation of malachite green (MG), a cationic triphenylmethane dye, is examined both under different pH values and amounts of TiO2. After 15W UV-365nm irradiation for 4h, ca. 99. 9% of MG was degraded with addition of 0. 5gL−1 TiO2 to solutions containing 50mgL−1 of the MG dye. The HPLC–PDA–ESI-MS technique was used to obtain a better understanding on the mechanistic details of this TiO2-assisted photodegradation of the MG dye with UV irradiation. Five intermediates of the process were separated, identified, and characterized for the first time. The results indicated that the N-de-methylation degradation of MG dye took place in a stepwise manner to yield mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-N-de-methylated MG species generated during the processes. Under acidic conditions, the results indicated that the photodegradation mechanism is favorable to cleavage of the whole conjugated chromophore structure of the MG dye. Under basic conditions, the results showed that the photodegradation mechanism is favorable to a formation of a series of N-de-methylated intermediates of the MG dye. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We report on a chromatic dispersion monitoring technique using a direct detection of high-speed chirped pilot tones. Unlike the previously proposed monitoring technique using amplitude-modulated (AM) and phase-modulated (PM) pilot tones, the proposed technique can discriminate the sign of accumulated dispersion. The results show that the performance of this technique could not be seriously deteriorated by polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and self-phase modulation (SPM) since the tone frequency was small (∼2GHz). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]