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The author of this article concerns with the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the weak solution to the variation-inequality problem. The Kirchhoff operator is a non-divergence form with space variable parameter. The existence of generalized solution is proved by the Leray-Schauder principle and parabolic regularization. The uniqueness and stability of the solution are also discussed by contradiction.

Objective To find an intelligent method to quantify perioperative trauma stress, digitize and visualize perioperative patients stress status and recovery process, and analyze the mechanism of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) strategy to promote rapid recovery of patients from the perspective of autonomic nervous system (ANS). Methods The clinical data of 125 patients received laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from February 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment methods, they were divided into ERAS group and control group. A total of 66 patients were included in this study after propensity score matching (PSM) was used to equalize covariates between groups, with 33 patients in each group. The hospital stay, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), HRV parameters (SDNN, pNN50, LF/HF) and the variation of heart rate curve were compared between two groups. Results There was no significant difference in hs-CRP and HRV parameters between the two groups on admission day (P>0.05). The hospital stay and postoperative hs-CRP in ERAS group were lower than those in control group (P0.05). The difference between 4th day after operation and admission was significant at parameters of HRV in control group (P

With the rapid development of civil aviation industry, more and more tasks are required to fuel the aircraft. At present, the aircraft refueling task is mainly assigned to the refueling personnel by the dispatcher of the fuel supplier, one by one, according to the flight refueling information, after receiving the task, the refueling operator drives the refueling vehicle to the aircraft for refueling operation. The realization of electronic, information and big data analysis technology has gradually opened up the information channel of refueling system. Based on a large number of multi-dimensional data, according to the characteristics of aircraft refueling operation, an intelligent dispatching method for aircraft refueling vehicle is provided, which can automatically assign refueling tasks, avoid flight delays and the resulting serious waste of resources and can reduce the workload of the dispatcher. Through the intelligent dispatch, refueling resources can be reasonably allocated to ensure the timely refueling of aircraft and smooth completion of flight support tasks.

As the core basic equipment of the industrial control system, PLC is widely used in important national infrastructure and various industrial control fields. It is the top priority to realize the transformation from made in China to intelligent manufacturing in China to control the industrial site independently, safely, stably and reliably. In this context, domestic PLC has a strong and rapid development momentum, especially in high-end application fields such as aerospace, national defense and military industry. There is an urgent demand for domestic high-performance PLC products. Due to the late development and less application of domestic large-scale PLC, how to evaluate the performance of domestic PLC and whether it can meet the industrial field application is lack of unified standards and evaluation methods. In view of this problem, a set of comprehensive test platform for domestic high-performance PLC is designed. Two mainstream domestic PLCs are selected for quantitative comparison of horizontal parameters with a foreign mainstream product. The key performance indicators and evaluation methods of high-end PLC are proposed. By building a hardware in the loop virtual industrial scene, the ability of PLC to meet the application is tested and compared. The effectiveness of the test platform is verified through a test example, which provides a basis for the evaluation of domestic high-performance PLC Choose to provide reference, promote the normalization, standardization and scale of domestic PLC, and help the high-quality development of Industry 4.0.

An improved elite sparrow search algorithm based on double-sample learning and single-dimension search is proposed to solve the problems of uneven initial population distribution,little information exchange between populations,easy to fall into local optimum and slow convergence.First,the combination of Hammersley low difference sequence and reverse learning is used to generate the initial elite population to enhance individual quality and diversity.Then,the two-sample learning strategy is adop-ted to improve the follower's position updating formula,strengthen the information exchange between populations,and improve the algorithm's ability to jump out of local optimum.Finally,in the late iteration of the algorithm,the single-dimensional search mode is adopted to enhance the depth mining ability of the algorithm and improve the accuracy of the algorithm.By analyzing the time complexity,it is proved that the improved algorithm does not increase the time complexity of the algorithm.Twelve test functions with different characteristics are selected for optimization,and the test results show that the algorithm has obvious advantages in convergence speed,accuracy and stability compared with other algorithms.

Abstract In this paper, the analytical relationship among supply voltage, current, and structure parameters of the permanent magnet (PM) motor is cleverly deduced by using an intermediate‐flux linkage. After further consideration of boundary conditions, the direct field‐circuit coupled analytical model in integrated matrix form is subsequently constructed. Using this model, the vector potentials and currents of the motor can be calculated simultaneously, and the electromagnetic performance, such as the output torque, winding flux linkage, and so on can be further calculated by the vector potentials. Because the control parameters and motor structure parameters are both considered in the derivation process, the proposed analytical model can be used to analyse the motor operation performance under different control strategies. Its validity is finally verified on a 10‐pole/12‐slot PM motor. The results of the proposed direct field‐circuit coupled analytical model are compared with those of field‐circuit coupled time‐stepping finite element model and experiment under speed‐current double closed‐loop and current closed‐loop control strategies, respectively. The results of the proposed model are proved well with finite element simulation and experimental results.

Abstract Lingzhu Pulvis are widely used in clinical practice because of their therapeutic effects, but their stability and efficacy are affected by the easy oxidation and volatility of Acorus calamus. In this study, we combined the idea of “combination of medicine and adjuvant” and introduced Pickering emulsion technology to use the ingredients of Lingzhu Pulvis as the stabilizer of Pickering emulsion. Pearl powder was selected as the stabilizer by the type of emulsion formation and the state of emulsion layer, and the optimal preparation method was 0.065 g·ml− 1 of pearl powder and 45% oil, prepared using high-pressure homogenization method (500 bar, three times). The malondialdehyde and peroxide contents in the crude oil and Pickering emulsion groups were analyzed under different pH environments, and it was clear that the Pickering emulsion group possessed higher antioxidant properties. The volatile oil of Acorus calamus in different groups was analyzed using GC-MS, and seven differential components were screened by processing the analytical data with R language, which were further determined that the differential components changed more slowly and had significantly improved stability in the Pickering emulsion group. This study provides a reference for the improvement of stability of other solid formulations containing oil in Chinese medicine.

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally arises from a background of liver cirrhosis (LC). Patients with cirrhosis and suspected HCC are recommended to undergo serum biomarker tests and imaging diagnostic evaluation. However, the performance of routine diagnostic methods in detecting early HCC remains unpromising. Methods Here, we conducted a large-scale, multicenter study of 1675 participants including 490 healthy controls, 577 LC patients, and 608 HCC patients from nine clinical centers across nine provinces of China, profiled gene mutation signatures of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using Circulating Single-Molecule Amplification and Resequencing Technology (cSMART) through detecting 931 mutation sites across 21 genes. Results An integrated diagnostic model called “Combined method” was developed by combining three mutation sites and three serum biomarkers. Combined method outperformed AFP in the diagnosis of HCC, especially early HCC, with sensitivities of 81.25% for all stages and 66.67% for early HCC, respectively. Importantly, the integrated model exhibited high accuracy in differentiating AFP-negative, AFP-L3-negative, and PIVKA-II-negative HCCs from LCs.

The introduction of a dynamic model in robot trajectory tracking control design can significantly improve its trajectory tracking accuracy, but there are many uncertainties in the robot dynamic model which can be dealt with through robust control and adaptive control. The prevailing robust control as well as adaptive control methods require real-time computation of robot dynamics, but the extreme complexity of the robot dynamics equations makes it difficult to apply these methods in real industrial systems. To this end, this article proposes a robust adaptive control method based on the desired trajectory, which uses the desired trajectory to compute most of the control terms offline, including the robot’s nominal dynamics and regression matrices, and substantially reduces the need for real-time computation of the feedback signals. The robust term modifies the perturbation of the inertial parameters of the links, the adaptive term learns the friction coefficients of the joints online, and an additional compensation term is designed to satisfy the Lyapunov stability condition of the system. Finally, taking a universal manipulator as the experimental platform, the control performances of different control methods are compared to show the feasibility of the controller and the effective reduction in real-time computational complexity.

Soil heavy metal pollution poses a formidable challenge for environmental protection professionals. This study delves into the impact of zinc and lead pollution on the particle size distribution, liquid-plastic limit, permeability, shear strength, and other pertinent physical and engineering properties of clay. The alterations in the microstructure of soil contaminated by heavy metals were scrutinized using a scanning electron microscope. The findings reveal that as the concentration of heavy metals in contaminated soil rises, there is a concurrent decrease in the liquid limit, plasticity index, and silt content. This, in turn, leads to the deterioration of the original fluidity and plasticity of the soil, accompanied by a reduction in fine particles. Resistivity tests indicate that an escalation in water content results in a decrease in resistivity, an increase in porosity leads to an increase in resistivity, and an elevation in the concentration of heavy metals precipitates a sharp decline in resistivity due to the heightened conductivity of heavy metal ions. Heavy metal pollution induces structural changes in the soil, particularly in pore size, thereby influencing the permeability coefficient.

Ecological stoichiometry (ES) is an important index that reflects the balance of various elements in ecological processes. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the soil nutrient cycle to clarify the environmental control of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). In this study, we analyzed the spatial distribution of soil C, N, P, and K contents and the C:N:P:K stoichiometric characteristics of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm of farmland and grassland in four agro-pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the effects of environmental factors on the soil C:N:P:K stoichiometric relationship. The results showed that there was no fixed Redfield ratio for the soil stoichiometric relationship of farmland and grassland in Inner Mongolia, and the values were 15:2:1:9 to 145:10:1:26 and 25:1:1:29 to 228:15:1:65, respectively. The stoichiometric relationships between farmland and grassland were consistent with the law of geographical and spatial heterogeneity. The ratios of C:N, C:P, C:K, N:P, and N:K showed an N distribution from west to east, while the ratio of P:K showed a V distribution. The stoichiometric relationships in grassland soil were mainly affected by soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content, while those in farmland were mainly affected by total nitrogen and total phosphorus content. The annual mean precipitation has a significant effect on stoichiometric relationships in farmland, while the annual mean temperature has a more significant effect on grassland. In conclusion, the spatial distribution difference in the soil stoichiometric relationship in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia was more significant than the difference in the land use pattern. The influences of annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation on soil ecological stoichiometry were in accordance with the geographical spatial similarity law. Compared with grassland, the stoichiometric relationship of farmland soil was greatly affected by fertilization, and farmland in this region was mainly limited by carbon and nitrogen. Thus, field management should be carried out according to local conditions. This study is of great significance as it promotes the rational utilization of land resources and the sustainable development of agriculture.

Background As the number of cancer survivors increases, the prevalence of the second type of primary cancer will increase. In clinical trials, patients with a history of malignant tumors in the past are usually excluded. It is unknown whether previous cancers affect survival outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of previous malignant tumors on the long-term prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer. Methods By using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and END Results (SEER) database, we collect patient data and obtain patients who had gallbladder cancer diagnosed in 2004–2015 and had an adaption and contrast 1:1 with cases. We applied the Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression models to assess the influence of prior malignancy on gallbladder cancer survival outcomes. Results Among 8338 patients who had mainly gallbladder cancer, 525 (6.3%) suffered prior cancer. Prostate cancer (22.29%), Breast cancer (21.14%), and Genitourinary (14.67%) are the most common types. Before propensity score matching (PSM), two groups of different Kaplan–Meier curves were obtained by classifying previous cancer history, and by comparison, the all-cause difference in the group with previous cancer history was not salience ( P = 0.31), but there is a protective effect on the Cancer-specific fatality rate ( p