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Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über eine 63-jährige Patientin mit einer plötzlich aufgetretenen paranoid-halluzinatorischen Symptomatik. Unter Berücksichtigung von Vorgeschichte, Krankheitsverlauf und der organpathologischen Befunde war von einer organischen schizophreniformen Störung im Rahmen einer seit längerem bestehenden Autoimmunthyreopathie auszugehen. Unter Therapie mit hochpotenten Neuroleptika kam es zu einer teilweisen, nach einer später vorgenommenen Strumektomie zu einer kompletten Rückbildung der psychotischen Symptomatik. Auslösend für die akute organische schizophreniforme Störung scheint eine Änderung der Stoffwechsellage mit Übergang in eine Hyperthyreose und eine in zeitlichem Zusammenhang hiermit begonnene niedrig dosierte medikamentös thyreostatische Therapie zu sein.

Ultrasonic velocity and heat capacity temperature profiles of various lipid mixtures have been recorded with high accuracy. This included mixtures of phophatidylcholines with different chain length as well as phosphatidylcholine mixtures with diacyl glycerides. Following previous studies relating the heat capacity to the isothermal compressibility of lipids close to the chain melting transition, we found that the measured ultrasonic velocities are very similar to those calculated from the heat capacity. This implies that we are able to determine the compressibility changes from the excess heat capacity and the heat capacity changes from ultrasonic velocity measurements. The sound velocity and heat capacity traces are discussed with respect to the phase diagrams of the lipid mixtures.

Differential scanning calorimetry, pressure calorimetry, and densitometry have been employed to study the relation between volume and enthalpy changes in the melting regime of lipid membranes. We demonstrate a rigid proportional relation between volume expansion coefficient and heat capacity. This result is first shown in densitometric experiments. It implies that calorimetric profiles obey a simple scaling law for the temperature axes in experiments with applied hydrostatic pressure. In a theoretical paper (Heimburg, T. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1998, 1415, 147−162), we have argued that this relation has far-reaching consequences for the predictiblity of elastic constants from the heat capacity. The proportionality constant between volume and enthalpy changes is found to be independent of the lipid, which has interesting consequences for the calculation of the elastic constants of biological lipid mixtures with unknown composition. We demonstrate this for lung surfactant, which displays a similar relation between volume and enthalpy changes.

This study examines (1) effects of a drug-education course upon the relationship between drug attitudes and usage and (2) the validity of attitude-usage relationships, through a comparison of data elicited by peers and teachers.Questionnaires given to students at the beginning and end of the course indicated significant shifts in attitude-usage patterns. For student-administered surveys, attitudinal shifts took place exclusively among non-users; for teacher-administered surveys, shifts took place among drug-users. Control course students displayed no consistent precourse-postcourse pattern.In response to peers, drug-users made initially accurate statements; non-users disguised their behavior until the postcourse survey. In response to teachers, non-users respond accurately while drug-users distort until postcourse surveys.

To examine the effect of umpiring vocal-manner on a performance-measure of confidence, 30 baseball players viewed a series of videotaped pitching-catching-umpiring sequences and rated confidence in their ability to hit each pitch. Matched sequences were presented under each of two controlled conditions: for Conventional, the umpire called “strikes” emphatically and “balls” in an indifferent manner; for Modified, this vocal-manner was reversed. A single Conventional (or, Modified) sequence embedded within a series of contrasting sequences and a “bad” pitch (clearly out of the strike-zone) were included as tests of the effectiveness of the experimental manipulation. Results indicated: (1) Modified umpiring enhanced confidence; (2) this effect was most prominent among highly experienced players; (3) low-anxiety players showed higher confidence under both conditions; (4) Modified sequences embedded within a Conventional background elicited significantly greater confidence than the background sequences.

Summary: CT- or MRI-guided stereotactic procedures should be a standard in a modern neurosurgical unit. Analysing 71 cases the indications and results of stereotactic neurosurgery are presented. In 53 patients stereotactic serial biopsies of different intraaxial lesions were performed, in 5 patients a spontaneous haemorrhage of the basal ganglia was removed by lysis with r-tPA. In 3 patients suffering from hydrocephalus due to diencephalic cysts a cystventricular shunt device was implanted. In 3 patients an intracerebral abscess was aspirated and drained. A stereotactic guided craniotomy and excision of small deep-seated lesions was performed in 6 cases. The accuracy of stereotactic tumour biopsies was 88.7 % in our series, in accordance to other authors. The stereotactic aspiration and drainage of an intracerebral abscess provides accurate localization and minimal cortical damage and offers the possibility of intracavitary application of antibiotics. The stereotactic internal shunt implantation seems to be an alternative approach in the treatment of diencephalic cysts due to its minimal invasiveness and low operative risk. The aspiration of basal ganglia haematomas with insertion of an external drainage allows the lysis of the haematoma with r-tPA or urokinase. With stereotactic guidance small, deep-seated intraaxial lesions can be well localized and removed.

Es werden die systematischen und statistischen Fehler bei der Ermittlung der Kristallitvolumina nach STEPHEN und BARNES sowie nach EBEL behandelt. Außerdem wird eine vereinfachte Variante der erstgenannten Methode, welche im Gegensatz zu dieser nur eine Aufnahme erfordert, aufgezeigt. Aus einer Gegenüberstellung der drei Verfahren ergeben sich ihre zweckmäßigen Anwendungsbereiche.