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A kind of cotton-based fibrous adsorbent, zirconia nanoparticles coated cotton fiber (ZrO 2 -CF), was successfully prepared by liquid-phase deposition of zirconia nanoparticles on the surface of cotton fiber. And the ZrO 2 -CF fibrous adsorbent was packed in pipet tips for the enrichment of phosphopeptide by pipetting up and down within 2 min, which was simple and fast. Nine phosphopeptides were identified from the digestion of β -casein after ZrO 2 -CF extraction. ZrO 2 -CF exhibited good selectivity in the enrichment of phosphopeptides from the digestion mixture of β -casein and BSA (molar ratio is 1:100) in which four phosphopeptides were identified. And it also showed excellent extraction efficiency in actual biological samples such as non-fat milk and human serum in which four and nine phosphopeptides were identified, respectively.

The goal of this study was to perform a systematic transcriptome-wide analysis of mRNA-miRNA interactions and to identify candidates involved in the interplay between miRNAs and mRNAs that regulate chicken muscle growth. We used our previously published mRNA (GSE72424) and miRNA (GSE62971) deep sequencing data from two-tailed samples [i.e., the highest (h) and lowest (l) body weights] of Recessive White Rock (WRR) and Xinghua (XH) chickens to conduct integrative analyses of the miRNA-mRNA interactions involved in chicken skeletal muscle growth. A total of 162, 15, 173, and 27 miRNA-mRNA pairs with negatively correlated expression patterns were identified in miRNA-mRNA networks constructed on the basis of the WRR h vs. XH h , WRR h vs. WRR l , WRR l vs. XH l , and XH h vs. XH l comparisons, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that gene networks identified for the WRR h vs. XH h contrast were associated with developmental disorders. Importantly, the WRR h vs. XH h contrast miRNA-mRNA network was enriched in IGF-1 signaling pathway genes, including FOXO3. A dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that FOXO3 was a target of miR-142-5p. Furthermore, miR-142-5p overexpression significantly decreased FOXO3 mRNA levels and promoted the expression of growth-related genes. These data demonstrated that miR-142-5p targets FOXO3 and promotes growth-related gene expression and regulates skeletal muscle growth in chicken. Comprehensive analysis facilitated the identification of miRNAs and target genes that might contribute to the regulation of skeletal muscle development. Our results provide new clues for understanding the molecular basis of chicken growth.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of cardiac catheterization intervention therapy and transthoracic small incision surgery in the occlusion bydomestic occluder under echocardiography guiding in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD).
 Methods: A total of 1 080 patients with ASD in the occlusion by domestic occluder were analyzed retrospectively, and the interventional treatment were performed in 734 cases through cardiac catheterization intervention therapy and 346 cases through transthoracic small incision surgery. The patients undergone cardiac catheterization intervention therapy were guided under the digital substraction angiography (DSA) and were monitored by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the whole interventional process, and the efficacy was evaluated with TTE. The occlusion of transthoracic small incision surgery was guided under the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), which was used to monitor the position of occluder and evaluate the efficacy immediately.
 Results: Two kinds of intervention in the occlusion by domestic occluder had achieved satisfactory results in patients with ASD. There was no statistically difference in the longest size of ASD between the 2 intervention methods, while there were statistically differences in the ratio between ASD longest diameter and atrial septal length, and the size of the occlusion, and the disparity between the size of the occluder and ASD longest diameter (D value), respectively (all P<0.05). When the size of arithmetic mean of the ASD was <30 mm, the success rate of the 2 methods was both 100%. When the size of arithmetic mean of the ASD was ≥30 mm, the success rate was 100% in the transthoracic small incision surgery and 50% in the cardiac catheterization intervention therapy.
 Conclusion: Domestic occluder is safe. Compared with the imported one, its cost is lower. When the size of the defects is same, the occlusion is smaller in the transthoracic small incision surgery compared with that in the cardiac catheterization intervention therapy. When the size of arithmetic mean of the ASD is ≥30 mm, the success rate of the transthoracic small incision surgery is higher compared with the cardiac catheterization intervention therapy. When the cardiac catheterization intervention therapy fails, the transthoracic small incision surgery may be a better choice.

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the major pathogen of human viral myocarditis. CVB3 has been found to manipulate and modify the cellular lipid metabolism for viral replication. The cellular AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of multiple metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism. Here we explore the potential roles AMPK plays in CVB3 infection. We found that AMPK is activated by the viral replication during CVB3 infection in Hela cells and primary myocardial cells. RNA interference mediated inhibition of AMPK could increase the CVB3 replication in cells, indicating that AMPK contributed to restricting the viral replication. Next, we showed that CVB3 replication could be inhibited by several different pharmacological AMPK activators including metformin, A769662 and AICAR. And the constitutively active AMPK mutant (CA-AMPK) could also inhibit the CVB3 replication. Furthermore, we found that CVB3 infection increased the cellular lipid levels and showed that the AMPK agonist AICAR both restricted CVB3 replication and reduced lipid accumulation through inhibiting the lipid synthesis associated gene expression. We further found that CVB3 infection would also induce AMPK activated in vivo. The AMPK agonist metformin, which has been widely used in diabetes therapy, could decrease the viral replication and further protect the mice from myocardial histological and functional changes in CVB3 induced myocarditis, and improve the survival rate of infected mice. Lastly, it was demonstrated that the AICAR-mediated restriction of viral replication could be rescued partially by exogenous palmitate, the first product of fatty acid biosynthesis, demonstrating that AMPK activation restricted CVB3 infection through its inhibition of lipid synthesis. Taken together, these data in the present study suggest a model in which AMPK is activated by CVB3 infection and restricts viral replication by inhibiting the cellular lipid accumulation, and inform a potential novel therapeutic strategy for CVB3-associated diseases., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)