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Prognostic factors were determined retrospectively in 102 surgically treated patients with melanoma stage I and II. A combination of high-risk factors is described which consists of five tumour-dependent and three immunological criteria. Relapses occurred only in melanoma patients with one or more of these high-risk factors. All patients without high-risk factor were free of disease up to 54 months after removal of the primary melanoma. If this trend could be confirmed in the future, it would be possible by this method to identify patients with a good prognosis. For these cases, any adjuvant therapy would be unneccessary.

Statistical analyses in western countries have demonstrated that various, completely non-medical influences, grouped under the definition “socio-economic factors” also participate in perinatal mortality and morbidity. Among the most important of these non-medical high risk factors are low level socio-economic conditions and unmarried mothers and their negative effect is manifested chiefly in a raised incidence of premature births.

The value of routine real-time scanning by Aboriginal health workers at antenatal clinics in a remote area of Australia was assessed using data derived from 206 women. The accuracy of the health workers' reports, the detection of high risk factors, the selection of a place for the delivery and the degree of antenatal attendance are discussed.

This study reports the usefulness of infection scoring system, comprising of maternal and neonatal high risk factors for infection. The score was applied on 947 neonates at birth who were followed up for superficial and deep infections in postnatal wards or neonatal nursery. Total score consisted of 10 points. A high association was observed between increasing score and total and deep infections. Incidence of infections was 0, 5.0, 10.5, 20.9, 61.8 and 95.4 percent respectively with infection scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and above respectively. For term infants, cut off point for infection was at score 3, while for low birth ones this was lower at 2. This study, therefore, shows the utility of this practical scoring system in prediction of early neonatal infections.

Fifty patients with cervical cancer were treated with radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy followed by postoperative radiation therapy for high risk factors (nodal metastases, lymphvascular space invasion, close or involved margins) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center from 1969 to 1984. Fifteen (30%) of the patients treated had serious complications, 8 (16%) requiring an operation, and 1 (2%) dying as a result of treatment-related problems. This combined modality approach is associated with significant complications.

During the past decade there has been increased interest in the epidemiology of the different human cancers and the risk factors associated with them. Only limited epidemiologic data are available on ovarian cancer. Critical control studies are few, and the number of cases studied in most series are limited. Most data evaluate ovarian cancer as an entity rather than as individual ovarian tumors. This review will summarize current epidemiologic data on human ovarian cancer and on the high risk factors associated with it.

Incarceration and strangulation of the commonplace indirect inguinal hernia is still a significant management problem in children. We have studied a series of 2,764 consecutive patients operated upon for hernia at the Columbus Children's Hospital. Three hundred and fifty-one hernias or 12.7% were incarcerated or strangulated or both at the time of admission. The influence of age, side involved, sex, race, delay in, and method of management in the outcome has been statistically evaluated.

The incidence rate for cancer of the breast is comparatively low in India. Cancer of the cervix is more common than cancer of the breast amongst Indian women. Wide variations in the frequency of cancer of the breast have been observed amongst the religious communities of Western India. Compared to other communities, Sindhis (Hindus from Sind) and Parsis (Zoroastrians) have a higher frequency rate for cancer of the breast. It was felt that the prevalence of certain suspected factors may be partly responsible for such variations. Case control studies demonstrated that the role of certain “high risk factors”, especially those related to marriage and pregnancy, could be different in different age groups, and an intensive search for more factors and their significance in different populations and age groups is necessary. The factor or factors which can be used effectively for a public health programme for the prevention of this disease are yet to be demonstrated. QUELQUES OBSERVATIONS SUR L'EPIDEMIOLOGIE D U CANCER D U SEIN EN INDE OCCIDENTALE Le taux d'incidence du cancer du sein est relativement faible en Inde. Le cancer du col de l'uterus est plus commun que le cancer du sein chez les Indiennes. De grandes variations de la frequence du cancer du sein ont ete observees dans les communautes religieuses de l'Inde occidentale. Par rapport a d'autres communautes, les Sindhis (hindous du Sind) et les Parsis (zoroastriens) se caracterisent par une frequence plus elevee de ce cancer. Les auteurs supposent que la prevalence de certains facteurs qui pourraient ětre generateurs de risques est partiellement responsable de ces variations. Les etudes effectuees sur des malades et des temoins ont montre que le rǒle de certains “facteurs de haut risque”, notamment ceux qui se rapportent au mariage et a la grossesse, peut ětre different selon les groupes d'ǎges, et une etude intensive d'autres facteurs et de leur importance dans diverses populations et divers groupes d'ǎges est necessaire. Le ou les facteurs qui peuvent ětre efficacement utilises dans un programme de sante publique relatif a la prevention de cette maladie restent a identifier.

Abstract: The success attained with endosseous implants is well documented in the literature but complications are inevitable due to high risk factors associated with bacterial related breakdown of osseointegration and peri-implant mucosa. It is now apparent that maintenance of a complete seal of the gingival cuff around implants is paramount for achieving predictable outcomes, as there is no room for error when multiple implants are being placed in the maxillary anterior region. However, the restorative dentist not only faces a challenge in restoring missing teeth but also the missing volume of three-dimensional gingival envelope encompassing them. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article has focused on the comprehensive understanding and integration of various biological elements that are imperative in the rapidly advancing field of implantology.

ion Background Primary closure following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) has been widely adopted because of the efficacy and safety in treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, the risk factors for bile leakage, the most common complication after primary closure, has not been clarified yet. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent LCBDE with primary closure after choledochotomy between Feb. 2012 and Jun. 2016 was performed. Risk factors for bile leakage were identified by logistic regression inculding demographic factors, preoperative condition and surgical details. Results Between Feb. 2012 and Jun. 2016, a total of 265 LCBDE procedures were applied in our hospital and 141 patients with primary closure were included in this study. Bile leakage occurred in 11.3% (16/141) of these patients, and happened more frequently in patients with slender CBD (

The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale was administered to 52 newborn infants. A factor analysis revealed 2 main factors, 1 along an attention-orientation dimension, the other relating to temperament arousal. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that the attention-orientation factor was related to birth weight, age of the mother, and sex and race of the baby. The only variable related to the temperament-arousal factor was 5-min Apgar scor. The study, although exploratory, demonstrates the use of multivariate techniques in the assessment of influences on newborn behavior.

Failure to conceive and preterm birth are high risk factors for perinatal pathology. In the search for a means to reduce the rate of non-pregnancy, we observed in 30 pregnant women the tricolic effect of the combined use of ethanol and Alupent. Twenty women were treated after 30 weeks' gestation in an obstetric hospital, and 10 from 18 to 27 weeks' gynaecological hospital. No cause of termination of pregnancy was identified.

We have previously reported that adolescent mothers are more physical and less verbal with their infants, especially while teaching difficult tasks, and that their infants vocalize less by 8 months of age. Are children of adolescent mothers at risk for language delay? The present study hypothesized that 2 yr. old children of adolescent mothers (CAM) would have lower receptive and expressive language scores and that these scores would be related to multiple social and demographic high risk factors. Twenty primiparous, Caucasian, low to middle class mothers (half ≤ 17 years of age at child's birth) and their 2 yr. old children were studied. The Caldwell Home Inventory was scored by an unbiased observer during a two-hour home visit. The Bayley Scales (MDI and PDI) and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (Language Expressive (LEO) and Language Receptive (LRO)) were administered by another unbiased examiner during a clinic visit. Tympanography was performed and sociodemographic information was obtained. CAM had lower LRO (p

A retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients treated with krypton red laser (KRL) photocoagulation for subretinal neovascularization (SRN) secondary to drusen-related macular degeneration (DMD) was carried out to investigate the frequency and nature of recurrent neovascularization (recurrence). A classification of various types of recurrences based on the clinical and fluorescein angiographic features and the onset of their appearance in the postoperative course was used in this study. Patient, fundus, and membrane variables were examined in search of relevant high risk factors predisposing to recurrences. The membrane's proximity to the fovea and its relative lack of pigmentation were individual factors which were associated with a high risk of recurrence (P less than 0.05 for distance and P = 0.005 for color). Multivariate analysis also indicated that a greater distance from the fovea (P less than 0.05) and a darker color (P = 0.002) were favorable features to the primary membrane, reducing the probability of a recurrence. Overall, 39% of the patients experienced recurrences (23% of the patients had treatable recurrences and 16% had non-treatable recurrences extending under the center of the fovea). The membranes recurred predominantly at the margin of the photocoagulation burn. The recurrences were also noted relatively early in the postoperative course, 65% within two months after photocoagulation of the primary membrane. The fluorescein angiographic and clinical nature of these membranes and the visual effect of retreatment are also discussed in the paper.

RECENT publicity about potential dangers of mammography has generated an emotional reaction in both lay and professional circles. Several different issues have become intermingled, and as a consequence, women are making medically unwise decisions—often with the support of medical personnel. It is crucial to differentiate between the two major reasons for doing a mammogram: diagnosis and screening. There is little controversy among informed physicians over using mammography in evaluating possible breast cancer in a patient. The only dispute concerns mammography for asymptomatic women less than 50 years old who are not considered high risks for breast cancer. (High risk factors include previous breast cancer, family history of breast cancer, and no pregnancy before 30 years of age.) Inallother situations, it is generally agreed that the benefits of mammography outweigh the risks. Failure to recognize this distinction has led many women to refuse mammography when it is clearly indicated.