240 results on '"Hu, Y. C."'
Search Results
202. [Research progress on prediction of coronary risk by SYNTAX and derived scores].
- Author
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Yao YN, Hu YC, and Cong HL
- Subjects
- Humans, Coronary Artery Disease, Risk Assessment
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
203. [The vitamin D nutritional status in Chinese urban women of child-bearing age from 2010 to 2012].
- Author
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Lu JX, Liu XB, Chen J, Hu YC, Yun CF, Li WD, Wang R, Yang YH, Mao DQ, Piao JH, Yang XG, and Yang LC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Asian People statistics & numerical data, Body Mass Index, Child, China epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Supplements, Female, Humans, Nutrition Surveys, Prevalence, Radioimmunoassay, Urban Population, Vitamin D analysis, Vitamin D blood, Vitamin D Deficiency blood, Young Adult, Nutritional Status, Vitamin D analogs & derivatives, Vitamin D Deficiency epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the vitamin D nutritional status in Chinese women of child-bearing age by analyzing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in 2010-2012. Methods: Data were obtained from the China Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010-2012. Using cluster sampling and proportional stratified random sampling, 1 514 women of child-bearing age (18-44 years old) from 34 metropolis and 41 small and medium-sized cities were included in this study. Demographic information was collected by questionnaire and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay, in accordance with the 2010 Institute of Medicine of the National Academies standards. We compared differences in vitamin D levels, specifically serious deficiency, lack of deficiency, insufficiency, and excess. Results: The overall serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of Chinese urban women of child-bearing age ( P (50) ( P (25)- P (75))) was 20.1 (15.1-26.3) ng/ml; minorities had a significantly higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 22.0 (15.9-27.5) ng/ml compared with women of Han nationality (19.8 (14.9-26.2) ng/ml) (χ(2)=7.02, P= 0.008). The proportions of women with serious deficiency, lack of deficiency, insufficiency, and excess vitamin D were 11.6% ( n= 175), 37.9% ( n= 574), 35.1% ( n= 531), and 0.3% ( n= 5), respectively. Only 15.1% ( n= 229) of women of child-bearing age had normal vitamin D nutritional status. No significant differences in vitamin D nutritional status were observed according to age, body mass index, city, nationality, educational level, marital status, or household income per capita ( P> 0.05). Conclusion: Most Chinese urban women of child-bearing age have poor vitamin D levels and require vitamin D supplementation.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
204. [Study on anemia and vitamin A and vitamin D nutritional status of Chinese urban pregnant women in 2010-2012].
- Author
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Hu YC, Chen J, Li M, Wang R, Li WD, Yang YH, Yang C, Yun CF, Yang LC, and Yang XG
- Subjects
- Adult, China epidemiology, Cities, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Health Surveys, Hemoglobins, Humans, Methemoglobin analogs & derivatives, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Socioeconomic Factors, Vitamin A Deficiency blood, Vitamin D analysis, Anemia epidemiology, Nutritional Status, Pregnant Women, Vitamin A blood, Vitamin A Deficiency epidemiology, Vitamin D analogs & derivatives, Vitamin D blood
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of anemia and the nutritional status of vitamins A and D by analyzing hemoglobin, serum retinol, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in Chinese urban pregnant women during 2010-2012. Methods: Data were obtained from the China Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010-2012. Using multi-stage stratified sampling and population proportional stratified random sampling, 2 250 pregnant women from 34 metropolis and 41 middle-sized and small cities were included in this study. Information was collected using a questionnaire survey. The blood hemoglobin concentration was determined using the cyanmethemoglobin method, and anemia was determined using the World Health Organization guidelines combined with the elevation correction standard. The serum retinol level was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was judged by the related standard recommended by the World Health Organization. The vitamin D level was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and vitamin D deficiency was judged by the recommendation standards from the Institute of Medicine of The National Academies. The hemoglobin, serum retinol, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were compared, along with differences in the prevalence of anemia, VAD, and the vitamin D deficiency rate (including deficiency and serious deficiency). Results: A total of 1 738 cases of hemoglobin level, 594 cases of serum retinol level, and 1 027 cases of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were available for analysis in this study. The overall blood hemoglobin level ( P (50) ( P (25)- P (75))) was 122.70 (114.00-131.10) g/L; 123.70 (115.21-132.00) g/L for metropolis and 122.01 (113.30-130.40) g/L for middle-sized and small cities. The blood hemoglobin level of metropolis residents was significantly higher than that of middle-sized and small city residents ( P= 0.027). The overall prevalence of anemia was 17.0% (295/1 738). The overall serum retinol level ( P (50) ( P (25)- P (75))) was 1.61 (1.20-2.06) μmol/L; 1.50 (1.04-2.06) μmol/L for metropolis and 1.63 (1.31-2.05) μmol/L for middle-sized and small cities. The serum retinol level of metropolis residents was significantly higher than that of middle-sized and small city residents ( P= 0.033). The overall prevalence of VAD was 7.4% (47/639); 11.5% (33/286) for metropolis and 4.0% (14/353) for middle-sized and small cities. A significant difference was observed in the prevalence of VAD between metropolis and middle-sized and small city residents ( P< 0.001). The overall serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ( P (50) ( P (25)- P (75))) was 15.41 (11.79-20.23) ng/ml; 14.71 (11.15-19.07) ng/ml for metropolis and 16.02 (12.65-21.36) ng/ml for middle-sized and small cities. A significant difference was observed in the vitamin D level between metropolis and middle-sized and small city residents ( P< 0.001). The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 74.3% (763/1 027); A significant difference was observed in the prevalence of serious vitamin D deficiency between metropolis (30.64%(144/470)) and middle-sized and small city residents (26%(267/1 027))( P= 0.002). There were no significant differences between blood hemoglobin level and the prevalence of anemia, VAD, and vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in Chinese urban pregnant women improved from 2002 to 2012. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women was generally more serious, while a certain percentage of women had VAD. The prevalence of VAD and serious vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women from metropolis was significantly higher than that of pregnant women from medium and small-sized cities.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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205. [Study on vitamin A nutritional status of Chinese urban elderly residents in 2010-2012].
- Author
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Chen J, Hu YC, Yang C, Yun CF, Wang R, Mao DQ, Li WD, Yang YH, Yang XG, and Yang LC
- Subjects
- Aged, China epidemiology, Cities, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Vitamin A Deficiency blood, Asian People statistics & numerical data, Nutritional Status, Vitamin A blood, Vitamin A Deficiency epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the vitamin A nutritional status of the Chinese urban elderly population by analyzing serum retinol level in 2010-2012. Methods: Data were collected from the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2010-2012. Using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, serum samples from elderly residents aged ≥60 years old were obtained from 34 metropolis and 41 middle-sized and small cities. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire survey. The serum retinol concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was determined using the World Health Organization guidelines. A total of 3 200 elderly residents were included in the study. The serum retinol levels and prevalence of VAD and marginal VAD were also compared. Results: The serum retinol concentration ( P (50)( P (25)- P (75))) of Chinese urban elderly residents was 1.83 (1.37-2.39) μmoL/L. Compared with middle-sized and small cities (1.91 (1.47-2.48) μmol/L), the retinol level of senior citizens in metropolis (1.70 (1.25-2.25) μmol/L) was significantly lower ( P< 0.001). The serum retinol levels of elderly male (1.89 (1.37-2.47) μmoL/L) was significantly higher than that of female (1.80 (1.36-2.28) μmoL/L) ( P= 0.001). The serum retinol concentration was 1.87 (1.42-2.43), 1.78 (1.32-2.33), and 1.71 (1.24-2.24) μmol/L for 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years olds, respectively. The retinol level in elderly people ≥70 years olds was significantly lower than that of 60-69 years olds ( P< 0.001). The overall prevalence of VAD among Chinese urban elderly residents was 4.22% (135/3 200); 6.00% (81/1 350) for metropolis residents and 2.92% (54/1 850) for middle-sized and small city residents. The overall marginal VAD rate of Chinese urban elderly residents was 8.19% (262/3 200); 10.51% (142/1 350) for metropolis residents and 6.49% (120/1 850) for medium-sized and small city residents. The prevalence of VAD and marginal VAD for males was 3.87% (61/1 577) and 8.24% (130/1 577), respectively ( P< 0.05). The prevalence of VAD according to age group was 3.65% (72/1 975), 4.96% (50/1 008), and 5.99% (13/217), respectively( P =0.097). The prevalence of marginal VAD according to age group was 6.99% (138/1 975), 9.82% (99/1 008), and 11.52% (25/217), respectively( P =0.05). Conclusion: Chinese urban elderly residents showed various levels of VAD, although marginal VAD was quite common. As VAD was more common in metropolis residents and older residents, specific strategies should target these populations.
- Published
- 2017
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206. [The understanding of Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disorder].
- Author
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Zhou XG, Zhang YL, Xie JL, Huang YH, Zheng YY, Li WS, Chen H, Liu F, Pan HX, Wei P, Wang Z, Hu YC, Yang KY, Xiao HL, Wu MJ, Yin WH, Mei KY, Chen G, Yan XC, Meng G, Xu G, Li J, Tian SF, Zhu J, Song YQ, and Zhang WJ
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, B-Lymphocytes, Burkitt Lymphoma classification, Hodgkin Disease classification, Humans, Infectious Mononucleosis classification, Killer Cells, Natural, Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic classification, Lymphoid Tissue, Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell classification, Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis classification, T-Lymphocytes, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections complications, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Lymphoproliferative Disorders classification, Lymphoproliferative Disorders virology, Terminology as Topic
- Abstract
In recent years, there are increasing articles concerning Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV+ LPD), and the name of EBV+ LPD is used widely. However, the meaning of EBV+ LPD used is not the same, which triggered confusion of the understanding and obstacles of the communication. In order to solve this problem. Literature was reviewed with combination of our cases to clarify the concept of EBV+ LPD and to expound our understanding about it. In general, it is currently accepted that EBV+ LPD refers to a spectrum of lymphoid tissue diseases with EBV infection, including hyperplasia, borderline lesions, and neoplastic diseases. According to this concept, EBV+ LPD should not include infectious mononucleosis (IM) and severe acute EBV infection (EBV+ hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, fatal IM, fulminant IM, fulminant T-cell LPD), and should not include the explicitly named EBV+ lymphomas (such as extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, aggressive NK cell leukemia, Burkitt lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma, etc.) either. EBV+ LPD should currently include: (1) EBV+ B cell-LPD: lymphomatoid granulomatosis, EBV + immunodeficiency related LPD, chronic active EBV infection-B cell type, senile EBV+ LPD, etc. (2) EBV+ T/NK cell-LPD: CAEBV-T/NK cell type, hydroa vacciniforme, hypersensitivity of mosquito bite, etc. In addition, EBV+ LPD is classified, based on the disease process, pathological and molecular data, as 3 grades: grade1, hyperplasia (polymorphic lesions with polyclonal cells); grade 2, borderline (polymorphic lesions with clonality); grade 3, neoplasm (monomorphic lesions with clonality). There are overlaps between EBV+ LPD and typical hyperplasia, as well as EBV+ LPD and typical lymphomas. However, the most important tasks are clinical vigilance, early identification of potential severe complications, and treating the patients in a timely manner to avoid serious complications, as well as the active treatment to save lives when the complications happened.
- Published
- 2016
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207. Effect of the Fusarium toxins, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol, on the mouse brain.
- Author
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Ren ZH, Deng HD, Deng YT, Deng JL, Zuo ZC, Yu SM, Shen LH, Cui HM, Xu ZW, and Hu YC
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants metabolism, Apoptosis drug effects, Brain metabolism, Brain pathology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Synergism, Enzymes metabolism, Female, Malondialdehyde metabolism, Mice, Neurotransmitter Agents metabolism, Organ Size drug effects, Trichothecenes administration & dosage, Zearalenone administration & dosage, Brain drug effects, Fusarium chemistry, Trichothecenes toxicity, Zearalenone toxicity
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to find effects of Fusarium toxins on brain injury in mice. We evaluated the individual and combined effect of the Fusarium toxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol on the mouse brain. We examined brain weight, protein, antioxidant indicators, and apoptosis. After 3 and 5days of treatment, increased levels of nitric oxide, total nitric oxide synthase, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and malondialdehyde were observed in the treatment groups. This was accompanied by reduced levels of brain protein, superoxide dismutase (apart from the low-dose zearalenone groups), glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, and percentage of apoptotic cells. By day 12, most of these indicators had returned to control group levels. The effects of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol were dose-dependent, and were synergistic in combination. Our results suggest that brain function is affected by zearalenone and deoxynivalenol., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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208. The Fusarium toxin zearalenone and deoxynivalenol affect murine splenic antioxidant functions, interferon levels, and T-cell subsets.
- Author
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Ren ZH, Deng HD, Wang YC, Deng JL, Zuo ZC, Wang Y, Peng X, Cui HM, Fang J, Yu SM, Shen LH, and Hu YC
- Subjects
- Animals, Drug Synergism, Fusarium metabolism, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Mice, Mycotoxins toxicity, Spleen enzymology, T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology, Interferons metabolism, Malondialdehyde metabolism, Spleen drug effects, T-Lymphocyte Subsets drug effects, Trichothecenes toxicity, Zearalenone toxicity
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Fusarium toxin zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) on splenic antioxidant functions, IFN levels, and T-cell subsets in mice. Herein, 360 mice were assigned to nine groups for a 12-day study. Mice were administered an intraperitoneal injection for 4 consecutive days with different concentrations of ZEA alone, DON alone, or ZEA+DON. Spleen and blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 5, 8, and 12. Mice in each of the experimental groups showed dysreglated splenic antioxidant functions, IFN levels, and T-cell subset frequencies, suggesting that the immune system had been affected. The ZEA+DON-treated groups, especially the group that received a higher concentration of ZEA+DON (Group D2Z2), showed more obvious effects on the dysregulation of splenic antioxidant functions, IFN levels, and T-cell subsets. This finding suggested that DON and ZEA exerted synergistic effects., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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209. Fine mapping and characterization of a novel dwarf and narrow-leaf mutant dnl1 in rice.
- Author
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Wei XJ, Tang SQ, Shao GN, Chen ML, Hu YC, and Hu PS
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- Chromosomes, Plant genetics, Cloning, Molecular, Genes, Recessive, Genetic Markers, Genotype, Gibberellins metabolism, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Mutation, Phenotype, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, RNA, Plant genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Seeds chemistry, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Chromosome Mapping, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genes, Plant, Oryza genetics, Plant Leaves genetics
- Abstract
Plant height is one of the most important agronomic traits of rice (Oryza sativa). Dwarf mutants are ideal materials for research on the mechanisms of regulation of rice plant height. We examined a new dwarf and narrow-leaf mutant dnl1. Phenotypic analysis showed that the dnl1 mutant has a thinner culm and more tillers, but the number of grains per panicle, the seed setting rate and the grain weight of dnl1 mutant were found to be significantly lower than in the wild-type. Based on scanning electron microscopic observations, the number of cells in the y-axis in internodes was significantly lower than in the wild-type. In phytohormone induction experiments, dnl1 was gibberellic acid-insensitive. The expression of some genes involved in the gibberellins metabolic pathways was affected in the dnl1 mutant, based on the real-time PCR analysis, suggesting that the dnl1 gene likely plays a role in gibberellin metabolic pathways. Genetic analysis showed that the dwarf and narrow leaf phenotype is controlled by a novel single recessive gene, here referred to as the dwarf and narrow leaf 1 (dnl1), which is located within the region between markers Ind12-11 and RM8214 on the short arm of chromosome 12. By means of fine-mapping strategy, the dnl1 gene was localized within an interval of 285.75 kb physical distance. These results will be useful for dnl1 gene cloning and to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of growth and development of rice.
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- 2013
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210. Development of the hybrid Sleeping Beauty: baculovirus vector for sustained gene expression and cancer therapy.
- Author
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Luo WY, Shih YS, Hung CL, Lo KW, Chiang CS, Lo WH, Huang SF, Wang SC, Yu CF, Chien CH, and Hu YC
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- Animals, Dependovirus genetics, Female, Gene Expression, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Male, Mice, Ovarian Neoplasms therapy, Prostatic Neoplasms therapy, Recombination, Genetic, Terminal Repeat Sequences, Transduction, Genetic, Transgenes, Transposases genetics, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Baculoviridae genetics, Genetic Therapy, Genetic Vectors
- Abstract
Antiangiogenesis is an appealing anticancer approach but requires continued presence of the antiangiogenic agents, which can be remedied by gene therapy. Baculovirus is an emerging gene delivery vector but only mediates transient expression (<7 days); thus, this study primarily aimed to develop a hybrid baculovirus for sustained antiangiogenic gene expression and cancer therapy. We first constructed plasmids featuring adeno-associated virus inverted terminal repeats (AAV ITRs), oriP/Epstein-Barr virus-expressed nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) or Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon and compared their efficacies in terms of persistent expression. In human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, AAV ITR failed to prolong the expression while oriP/EBNA1 moderately extended the expression to 35 days. In contrast, the SB system led to stable expression beyond 77 days even without antibiotic selection. Given this finding, we constructed a hybrid SB baculovirus expressing the SB transposase and harboring the transgene cassette flanked by inverted repeat/direct-repeat (IR/DR) elements recognizable by SB. The hybrid SB baculovirus efficiently transduced mammalian cells and mediated an expression duration longer than that by conventional baculoviruses, thanks to the transgene persistence and integration. The SB baculovirus (Bac-SB-T2hEA/w) expressing the antiangiogenic fusion protein comprising endostatin and angiostatin (hEA) also enabled prolonged hEA expression. With sustained hEA expression, Bac-SB-T2hEA/w repressed the angiogenesis in vivo, hindered the growth of two different tumors (prostate tumor allografts and human ovarian tumor xenografts) in mice and extended the life span of animals. These data altogether implicated the potential of the hybrid SB-baculovirus vector for prolonged hEA expression and for the treatment of multiple types of angiogenesis-dependent tumors.
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- 2012
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211. Resection hip arthroplasty as a feasible surgical procedure for periacetabular tumors of the pelvis.
- Author
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Hu YC, Huang HC, Lun DX, and Wang H
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, China epidemiology, Disease-Free Survival, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Pelvic Neoplasms diagnosis, Pelvic Neoplasms epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Soft Tissue Neoplasms diagnosis, Soft Tissue Neoplasms epidemiology, Survival Rate trends, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Acetabulum surgery, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip methods, Femur Head surgery, Pelvic Neoplasms surgery, Soft Tissue Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Aims: Surgical treatment of periacetabular tumors remains one of the most challenging problems in musculoskeletal oncology. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical and functional outcomes of resection hip arthroplasty and analyze its feasibility., Methods: This study assesses twenty-seven patients with periacetabular tumors treated by resection hip arthroplasty between 1999 and 2010. The tumors were excised with wide margins and the residual intact femoral head placed underneath the resected ilium. Clinical, functional and oncological outcomes as well as complications were carefully evaluated., Results: The average follow-up time was 55 months (range, 3-118) and the mean surgical time 170 min (range, 120-350) with an average blood loss 1200 ml (range, 600-2200). Six patients died in 6-33 months postoperatively; no other local recurrences or deaths occurred. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 96.3%, 77.8% and 77.8% respectively. The mean limb-length discrepancy was 5 cm (range, 2-7.5) and all patients required custom-made shoes with their heels heightened by 2-5 cm. At the last follow-up, the mean functional score was 75.6%. Twenty patients recovered normal ambulation function with custom-made shoes and seven had to walk with crutches. Wound healing problems were observed in nine patients and deep or superficial infection in none., Conclusions: Resection hip arthroplasty is recommended as a feasible surgical protocol for periacetabular tumors because it has few complications, good functional results, short surgical time and little blood loss., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2012
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212. A graphene-based platform for induced pluripotent stem cells culture and differentiation.
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Chen GY, Pang DW, Hwang SM, Tuan HY, and Hu YC
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- Animals, Cell Adhesion, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation, Fibroblasts cytology, Fibroblasts metabolism, Mice, Biocompatible Materials metabolism, Cell Differentiation, Graphite metabolism, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells cytology
- Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise as a cell source for regenerative medicine yet its culture, maintenance of pluripotency and induction of differentiation remain challenging. Conversely, graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) have captured tremendous interests in the fields of materials science, physics, chemistry and nanotechnology. Here we report on that G and GO can support the mouse iPSCs culture and allow for spontaneous differentiation. Intriguingly, G and GO surfaces led to distinct cell proliferation and differentiation characteristics. In comparison with the glass surface, iPSCs cultured on the G surface exhibited similar degrees of cell adhesion and proliferation while iPSCs on the GO surface adhered and proliferated at a faster rate. Moreover, G favorably maintained the iPSCs in the undifferentiated state while GO expedited the differentiation. The iPSCs cultured on both G and GO surfaces spontaneously differentiated into ectodermal and mesodermal lineages without significant disparity, but G suppressed the iPSCs differentiation towards the endodermal lineage whereas GO augmented the endodermal differentiation. These data collectively demonstrated that the different surface properties of G and GO governed the iPSCs behavior and implicate the potentials of graphene-based materials as a platform for iPSCs culture and diverse applications., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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213. Baculovirus vectors for antiangiogenesis-based cancer gene therapy.
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Luo WY, Shih YS, Lo WH, Chen HR, Wang SC, Wang CH, Chien CH, Chiang CS, Chuang YJ, and Hu YC
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- Angiogenesis Inhibitors genetics, Angiostatins genetics, Angiostatins metabolism, Animals, Blotting, Western, Cell Line, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement genetics, Cell Movement physiology, Cell Proliferation, Dependovirus genetics, Endostatins genetics, Endostatins metabolism, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Mice, Prostatic Neoplasms genetics, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Prostatic Neoplasms therapy, Recombinant Fusion Proteins genetics, Terminal Repeat Sequences genetics, Angiogenesis Inhibitors metabolism, Baculoviridae genetics, Genetic Therapy methods, Genetic Vectors genetics, Recombinant Fusion Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Baculovirus is an insect virus that is non-pathogenic to humans and has emerged as a promising gene therapy vector. Since solid tumor growth/metastasis critically relies on angiogenesis and hEA, a fusion protein comprising human endostatin and angiostatin, exhibits potent antiangiogenic and antitumor efficacy in mouse models; this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of baculovirus for hEA expression and antiangiogenesis-based cancer gene therapy. Toward this end, we constructed Bac-hEA that mediated transient hEA expression and Bac-ITR-hEA that exploited the adeno-associated virus inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) for prolonged hEA expression. Western blot and ELISA analyses showed that both Bac-hEA and Bac-ITR-hEA expressed hEA in transduced mammalian cells, yet Bac-ITR-hEA only marginally prolonged the hEA expression. In comparison with Bac-hEA, nonetheless, Bac-ITR-hEA significantly enhanced the hEA expression level that concurred with augmented antiangiogenic properties, as demonstrated by cell proliferation, migration and tubule network formation assays. Importantly, intratumoral injection of Bac-ITR-hEA into prostate cancer mouse models, when compared with Bac-hEA, exerted stronger antiangiogenic effects in vivo, more potently inhibited tumor growth and significantly prolonged mouse survival. This study collectively supported the notion that hEA is an effective antiangiogenic protein and proved the potential of baculovirus as a vector for antiangiogenesis-based cancer therapy, which may be combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or gene therapies using other vectors.
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- 2011
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214. Expression of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3 in fetal membranes and placenta in human term pregnancies with oligohydramnios.
- Author
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Zhu XQ, Jiang SS, Zhu XJ, Zou SW, Wang YH, and Hu YC
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- Adult, Amniotic Fluid physiology, Case-Control Studies, Extraembryonic Membranes pathology, Female, Gene Expression, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Oligohydramnios pathology, Oligohydramnios physiopathology, Placenta pathology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pregnancy, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Young Adult, Aquaporin 1 genetics, Aquaporin 1 metabolism, Aquaporin 2 genetics, Aquaporin 2 metabolism, Extraembryonic Membranes metabolism, Oligohydramnios genetics, Oligohydramnios metabolism, Placenta metabolism
- Abstract
Objective: To explore the pathophysiology of oligohydramnios, the association between the expression of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3 in fetal membranes and placenta and oligohydramnios was investigated., Methods: Sixty patients underwent elective cesarean sections at term were studied, 30 patients with isolated oligohydramnios and the other 30 with normal amniotic fluid volume (AFV). Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were employed to determine expression and localization of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3 in amnion, chorion and placenta, respectively., Results: The expression of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3 was detected in amnion, chorion and placenta using real-time RT-PCR. By immunohistochemistry, aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3 protein expressions in amnion epithelia and chorion cytotrophoblasts were identified. In placenta, aquaporin 1 was detected in placental vessels, while aquaporin 3 was found in trophoblast cells. In comparison to normal AFV group, there was a significant decrease of aquaporin 1 expression in amnion in oligohydramnios group, but no significant difference in chorion and placenta between the two groups. The expression of the aquaporin 3 in amnion and chorion in oligohydramnios group was significantly decreased, while expression in placenta was significantly increased compared with that in normal AFV group., Conclusions: Alteration of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3 expression in fetal membranes and placenta may be important in the pathophysiology of isolated oligohydramnios.
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- 2009
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215. Combination of baculovirus-expressed BMP-2 and rotating-shaft bioreactor culture synergistically enhances cartilage formation.
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Chen HC, Sung LY, Lo WH, Chuang CK, Wang YH, Lin JL, and Hu YC
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Rabbits, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tissue Engineering, Baculoviridae genetics, Bioreactors, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins genetics, Cartilage growth & development, Genetic Vectors, Transforming Growth Factor beta genetics
- Abstract
Baculovirus is an emerging gene delivery vector, thanks to a number of unique advantages. Herein, we genetically modified the rabbit articular chondrocytes with a recombinant baculovirus (Bac-CB) encoding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which conferred high level BMP-2 expression and triggered the re-differentiation of dedifferentiated third passage (P3) chondrocytes in the monolayer culture. The transduced and mock-transduced P3 cells were seeded into porous scaffolds and cultured in either the dishes or the rotating-shaft bioreactor (RSB), a novel bioreactor imparting a dynamic, two-phase culture environment. Neither mock-transduced constructs in the RSB culture nor the Bac-CB-transduced constructs in the static culture grew into uniform cartilaginous tissues. Only the Bac-CB-transduced constructs cultured in the RSB for 3 weeks resulted in cartilaginous tissues with hyaline appearance, uniform cell distribution, cartilage-specific gene expression and considerably enhanced cartilage-specific extracellular matrix deposition, as determined by histological staining, reverse transcription-PCR analyses and biochemical assays. This is the first study demonstrating that combination of baculovirus-mediated growth factor expression and RSB culture synergistically enhanced in vitro creation of cartilaginous tissues from dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Since baculovirus transduction is generally considered safe, this approach represents a viable alternative to stimulate the formation of engineered cartilage in a more cost-effective way than the growth factor supplementation.
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- 2008
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216. Baculovirus as a new gene delivery vector for stem cell engineering and bone tissue engineering.
- Author
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Chuang CK, Sung LY, Hwang SM, Lo WH, Chen HC, and Hu YC
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- Animals, Biomarkers analysis, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins metabolism, Cell Differentiation, Female, Genetic Vectors genetics, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Mice, Mice, Nude, Osteoblasts cytology, Osteoblasts metabolism, Osteocalcin genetics, Osteogenesis, Osteopontin genetics, RNA, Messenger analysis, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staining and Labeling, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Baculoviridae genetics, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins genetics, Genetic Therapy methods, Genetic Vectors administration & dosage, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Transduction, Genetic methods, Transforming Growth Factor beta genetics
- Abstract
Baculovirus has emerged as a novel vector for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery due to its low cytotoxicity and non-replication nature in mammalian cells, but the applications of baculovirus in the genetic modification of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and tissue engineering are yet to be reported. In this study, we genetically engineered hMSCs with a baculovirus (Bac-CB) expressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Bac-CB transduction of hMSCs at a multiplicity of infection of 40 triggered effective differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts. Supertransduction at day 6 after initial transduction enhanced the BMP-2 expression and further accelerated the in vitro osteogenesis, as confirmed by alkaline phosphatase assay, Alizarin red staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of osteoblastic genes. Implantation of the supertransduced cells at ectopic sites in the nude mice resulted in efficient cell differentiation into osteoblasts at week 2 and induced progressive mineralization and partial bone formation at week 6, as confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical and Alizarin red staining. These data collectively demonstrated, for the first time, the potential of baculovirus in hMSCs engineering and implicated its use in bone tissue engineering.
- Published
- 2007
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217. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by TGF-beta1 via TbetaRII and Smad7 dependent mechanisms in human bronchial epithelial BEP2D cells.
- Author
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Huo YY, Hu YC, He XR, Wang Y, Song BQ, Zhou PK, Zhu MX, Li G, and Wu DC
- Subjects
- Apoptosis drug effects, Base Sequence, Bronchi cytology, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Epithelial Cells drug effects, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Humans, Phosphorylation, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Small Interfering genetics, Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II, Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta antagonists & inhibitors, Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta genetics, Smad2 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, Smad2 Protein genetics, Smad2 Protein metabolism, Smad3 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, Smad3 Protein genetics, Smad3 Protein metabolism, Smad4 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, Smad4 Protein genetics, Smad4 Protein metabolism, Smad7 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, Smad7 Protein genetics, Transfection, Bronchi drug effects, Bronchi metabolism, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Smad7 Protein metabolism, Transforming Growth Factor beta1 pharmacology
- Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) can activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in many types of cells. The mechanism of this activation is not well elucidated. Here, we explore the role of TGF-beta/Smads signaling compounds in TGF-beta1-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK in human papillomavirus (HPV)-18 immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEP2D and the role of TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of ERK in proliferation and apoptosis of BEP2D. The cell models of siRNA-mediated silencing of TGF-beta receptor type II (TbetaRII), Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 were employed in this study. Our results demonstrate that TGF-beta1 activates ERK in a time-dependent manner with a maximum effect at 60 min; overexpression of Smad7 increased this TGF-beta1-mediated phosphorylation of the ERK; and siRNA-mediated silencing of TbetaRII, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 abrogated this effect. Moreover, we observed that overexpression of Smad7 restored TGF-beta1-mediated ERK phosphorylation in Smad4 knockdown cells but not in TbetaRII knockdown cells. In BEP2D cells, TGF-beta1 treatment effectively inhibited cells' proliferation and induced their apoptosis. Pretreatment with U0126, an inhibitor of ERK1/2, significantly enhanced the TGF-beta1-mediated antiproliferative and apoptosis induction effects in BEP2D cells. These data revealed that TbetaRII and Smad7 play the critical roles in TGF-beta1-mediated activation of ERK; Smad3 and Smad4 can play an indirect role through up-regulating Smad7 expression; and TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of ERK may participate in BEP2D cell proliferation and apoptosis regulation.
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- 2007
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218. Baculovirus transduction of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived progenitor cells: variation of transgene expression with cellular differentiation states.
- Author
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Ho YC, Lee HP, Hwang SM, Lo WH, Chen HC, Chung CK, and Hu YC
- Subjects
- Adipocytes cytology, Adipocytes metabolism, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Chondrocytes cytology, Chondrocytes metabolism, Gene Expression, Green Fluorescent Proteins genetics, Humans, Osteoclasts cytology, Osteoclasts metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transgenes, Baculoviridae genetics, Genetic Therapy methods, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Transduction, Genetic methods
- Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that baculovirus can efficiently transduce human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we further demonstrated, for the first time, that baculovirus can transduce adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic progenitors originating from MSCs. The transduction efficiency (21-90%), transgene expression level and duration (7-41 days) varied widely with the differentiation lineages and stages of the progenitors, as determined by flow cytometry. The variation stemmed from differential transgene transcription (as revealed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), rather than from variability in virus entry or cell cycle (as determined by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry). Nonetheless, the baculovirus-transduced cells remained capable of differentiating into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic pathways. The susceptibility to baculovirus transduction was higher for adipogenic and osteogenic progenitors, but was lower for chondrogenic progenitors. In particular, the duration of transgene expression was prolonged in the transduced adipogenic and osteogenic progenitors (as opposed to the MSCs), implicating the possibility of extending transgene expression via a proper transduction strategy design. Taken together, baculovirus may be an attractive alternative to genetically modify adipogenic and osteogenic progenitors in the ex vivo setting for cell therapy or tissue engineering.
- Published
- 2006
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219. A stereotactic method for the three-dimensional registration of multi-modality biologic images in animals: NMR, PET, histology, and autoradiography.
- Author
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Humm JL, Ballon D, Hu YC, Ruan S, Chui C, Tulipano PK, Erdi A, Koutcher J, Zakian K, Urano M, Zanzonico P, Mattis C, Dyke J, Chen Y, Harrington P, O'Donoghue JA, and Ling CC
- Subjects
- Angiography methods, Animals, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell diagnosis, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional instrumentation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Male, Mice, Microscopy methods, Middle Aged, Phantoms, Imaging, Photogrammetry instrumentation, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Algorithms, Image Enhancement methods, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods, Photogrammetry methods, Subtraction Technique instrumentation
- Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop and then validate a stereotactic fiduciary marker system for tumor xenografts in rodents which could be used to co-register magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET, tissue histology, autoradiography, and measurements from physiologic probes. A Teflon fiduciary template has been designed which allows the precise insertion of small hollow Teflon rods (0.71 mm diameter) into a tumor. These rods can be visualized by MRI and PET as well as by histology and autoradiography on tissue sections. The methodology has been applied and tested on a rigid phantom, on tissue phantom material, and finally on tumor bearing mice. Image registration has been performed between the MRI and PET images for the rigid Teflon phantom and among MRI, digitized microscopy images of tissue histology, and autoradiograms for both tissue phantom and tumor-bearing mice. A registration accuracy, expressed as the average Euclidean distance between the centers of three fiduciary markers among the registered image sets, of 0.2 +/- 0.06 mm was achieved between MRI and microPET image sets of a rigid Teflon phantom. The fiduciary template allows digitized tissue sections to be co-registered with three-dimensional MRI images with an average accuracy of 0.21 and 0.25 mm for the tissue phantoms and tumor xenografts, respectively. Between histology and autoradiograms, it was 0.19 and 0.21 mm for tissue phantoms and tumor xenografts, respectively. The fiduciary marker system provides a coordinate system with which to correlate information from multiple image types, on a voxel-by-voxel basis, with sub-millimeter accuracy--even among imaging modalities with widely disparate spatial resolution and in the absence of identifiable anatomic landmarks.
- Published
- 2003
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220. Decreased efficiency of gamma-ray-induced DNA double-strand break rejoining in malignant transformants of human bronchial epithelial cells generated by alpha-particle exposure.
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Sun JF, Sui JL, Zhou PK, Geng Y, Hu YC, Cao ZS, Ge SL, Lou TZ, and Wu DC
- Subjects
- Alpha Particles adverse effects, Bronchi metabolism, Bronchi radiation effects, Cell Line, Transformed, Cell Survival radiation effects, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, DNA genetics, DNA Repair genetics, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Epithelial Cells radiation effects, Gamma Rays adverse effects, Gene Expression radiation effects, Humans, Karyotyping, Papillomaviridae pathogenicity, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Radiobiology, DNA radiation effects, DNA Damage
- Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the cytogenetic changes and DNA double-strand break (DSB) rejoining of transformed cell lines generated from human bronchial epithelial cells by alpha-particle exposure., Materials and Methods: Transformed cell lines were derived from the HPV 18-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEP2D generated by 1.5 Gy of alpha-particles emitted by a 238Pu source. Two cell lines, BERP35T1 and BERP35T4, were investigated. Karyotypes were analyzed by trypsin/Giemsa banding. Cell survival was estimated by colony assay. PFGE was used to detect the DNA DSB. mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR., Results: Abnormal chromosomes 2 and 12 with elongated long arm and deletions of chromosomes 2, 12, 13 and 17 were observed in the transformed cell lines. BERP35T4 showed a much higher proportion of polyploid cells (40.5%) compared with parental BEP2D cells and the BERP35TI cell line (5%). BERP35T1 and BERP35T4 showed a markedly lower capacity for rejoining of gamma-ray-induced DNA DSB and increased radiosensitivity compared with parental BEP2D cells. The analysis of mRNA levels revealed a 2.5- to 6.5-fold down-regulated expression of the DNA repair genes XRCC-2, XRCC-3 and Ku80 in BERP35T1 and BERP35T4 cells., Conclusion: The karyotypic changes of chromosomes 2, 12, 13 and 17 and the deficiency of DSB rejoining could be related to the malignant transformation processing of BEP2D cells initiated by alpha-particle exposure.
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- 2002
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221. O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter hypermethylation shifts the p53 mutational spectrum in non-small cell lung cancer.
- Author
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Wolf P, Hu YC, Doffek K, Sidransky D, and Ahrendt SA
- Subjects
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung enzymology, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Lung Neoplasms enzymology, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung genetics, DNA Methylation, Gene Silencing physiology, Genes, p53 genetics, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Mutation, O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase genetics
- Abstract
The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes mutagenic adducts from the O6 position of guanine, thereby protecting the genome against G to A transition mutations. MGMT is inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in many human cancers and has been associated with G to A mutations in K-ras in colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that MGMT promoter hypermethylation would be associated with an increase in G to A transitions in the p53 gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). p53 mutations were detected by both dideoxy sequencing and p53 GeneChip analysis in 92 patients with primary NSCLC. Methylation of the promoter region of the MGMT gene was determined using methylation-specific PCR and was present in 27 of 92 (29%) tumors. Hypermethylation of the MGMT promoter was more common in adenocarcinoma than in other histological types of NSCLC and was also more common in poorly differentiated tumors. MGMT promoter hypermethylation was present significantly more often in tumors with a G to A mutation in p53 (9 of 14; 64%) than in tumors with other types of p53 mutations (11 of 41; 27%; P = 0.02) or in tumors with wild-type p53 (7 of 37; 18%; P = 0.006). MGMT promoter hypermethylation was also strongly associated with G to A transitions at CpG sites. Inactivation of the MGMT gene by promoter hypermethylation alters the pattern of p53 mutation in NSCLC.
- Published
- 2001
222. Profiling of differentially expressed cancer-related genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using human cancer cDNA arrays: overexpression of oncogene MET correlates with tumor differentiation in ESCC.
- Author
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Hu YC, Lam KY, Law S, Wong J, and Srivastava G
- Subjects
- Aged, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell genetics, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell metabolism, Epithelium metabolism, Epithelium pathology, Esophageal Neoplasms genetics, Esophageal Neoplasms metabolism, Esophagus metabolism, Esophagus pathology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Middle Aged, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met analysis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met genetics, RNA, Neoplasm genetics, RNA, Neoplasm metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Esophageal Neoplasms pathology, Gene Expression Profiling, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Abstract
Purpose: To examine the global gene expression of cancer-related genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) through the use of Atlas Human Cancer Array membranes printed with 588 well-characterized human genes involved in cancer and tumor biology., Experimental Design: Two human ESCC cell lines (HKESC-1 and HKESC-2) and one morphologically normal esophageal epithelium tissue specimen from the patient of which the HKESC-2 was derived were screened in parallel using cDNA expression arrays. The array results were additionally validated using semiquantitative PCR. The overexpression of oncogene MET was studied more extensively for its protein expression by immunohistochemistry in the two ESCC cell lines and their corresponding primary tissues and 61 primary ESCC resected specimens. Sixteen of these 61 ESCC cases also had available the corresponding morphologically normal esophageal epithelium tissues and were also analyzed for MET expression. The clinicopathological features associated with overexpression of the MET gene were also correlated., Results: The results of cDNA arrays showed that 13 cancer-related genes were up-regulated > or =2-fold (CDC25B, cyclin D1, PCNA, MET, Jagged 2, Integrin alpha3, Integrin alpha6, Integrin beta4, Caveolin-2, Caveolin-1, MMP13, MMP14, and BIGH3) and 5 genes were down-regulated > or =2-fold (CK4, Bad, IGFBP2, CSPCP, and IL-1RA) in both ESCC cell lines at the mRNA level. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of 9 of these differentially expressed genes, including the MET gene, gave results consistent with cDNA array findings. The immunostaining results of the expression of MET gene showed that MET was overexpressed in both ESCC cell lines and their corresponding primary tumors at the protein level, validating the cDNA arrays findings. The results of the clinical specimens showed that the MET gene was overexpressed in ESCC compared with normal esophageal epithelium in 56 of 61 cases (92%). Moreover, the overexpression of MET protein was more often seen in well/moderately differentiated than in poorly differentiated ESCC., Conclusions: Multiple cancer-related genes are differentially expressed in ESCC, the oncogene MET is overexpressed in ESCC compared with normal esophageal epithelium, and its protein overexpression correlates with tumor differentiation in ESCC.
- Published
- 2001
223. Effect of MOI ratio on the composition and yield of chimeric infectious bursal disease virus-like particles by baculovirus co-infection: deterministic predictions and experimental results.
- Author
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Hu YC and Bentley WE
- Subjects
- Animals, Baculoviridae metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Chimera, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Infectious bursal disease virus metabolism, Spodoptera, Viral Structural Proteins analysis, Viral Structural Proteins genetics, Viral Structural Proteins metabolism, Virion, Baculoviridae chemistry, Baculoviridae genetics, Birnaviridae Infections virology, Infectious bursal disease virus chemistry, Infectious bursal disease virus genetics, Models, Biological
- Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty particles consisting of virus capsid proteins that closely resemble native virus but are devoid of the native viral nucleic acids and therefore have attracted significant attention as noninfectious vaccines. A recombinant baculovirus, vIBD-7, which encodes the structural proteins (VP2, VP3, and VP4) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), produces native IBD VLPs in infected Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. Another baculovirus, vEDLH-22, encodes VP2 that is fused with a histidine affinity-tag (VP2H) at the C-terminus. By co-infection with these two baculoviruses, hybrid VLPs with histidine tags were formed and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Hu et al., 1999). Also, we demonstrated that varying the MOI ratio of these infecting viruses altered the extent of VP2H incorporated into the particles. A dynamic mathematical model that described baculovirus infection and VLP synthesis (Hu and Bentley, 2000) was adapted here for co-infection and validated by immunofluorescence labeling. It was shown to predict the VLP composition as a dynamic function of MOI. A constraint in the VP2H content incorporated into the particles was predicted and shown by experiments. Also, the MOI ratio of both infecting viruses was shown to be the major factor influencing the composition of the hybrid particles and an important factor in determining the overall yield. ELISA results confirmed that VP2H was exhibited to a varied extent on the outer surface of the particles. This model provides insight on the use of virus co-infection in virus-mediated recombinant protein expression systems and aids in the optimization of chimeric VLP synthesis., (Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
- Published
- 2001
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224. Identification of differentially expressed genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by cDNA expression array: overexpression of Fra-1, Neogenin, Id-1, and CDC25B genes in ESCC.
- Author
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Hu YC, Lam KY, Law S, Wong J, and Srivastava G
- Subjects
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell metabolism, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Cell Cycle Proteins analysis, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins analysis, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Esophageal Neoplasms pathology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1, Membrane Proteins analysis, Membrane Proteins genetics, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos analysis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transcription Factors analysis, Transcription Factors genetics, Tumor Cells, Cultured, cdc25 Phosphatases analysis, cdc25 Phosphatases genetics, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell genetics, DNA, Complementary genetics, Esophageal Neoplasms genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Repressor Proteins
- Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) through the use of a membrane-based cDNA array., Experimental Design: Two newly established human ESCC cell lines (HKESC-1 and HKESC-2) and one corresponding to a morphologically normal, esophageal epithelium tissue specimen, prospectively collected from the HKESC-2-related patient, were screened in parallel using a cDNA expression array containing gene-specific fragments for 588 human genes spotted onto nylon membranes., Results: The results of cDNA expression array showed that 53 genes were up-regulated 2-fold or higher and 8 genes were down-regulated 2-fold or higher in both ESCC cell lines at the mRNA level. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of a subset of these differentially expressed genes gave results consistent with cDNA array findings. Four of the differentially expressed genes that belong to the categories of oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes (Fra-1 and Neogenin) and cell cycle-related genes (Id-1 and CDC25B) were studied more extensively for their protein expression by immunohistochemistry. The two ESCC cell lines and their corresponding primary tissues, 61 primary ESCC resected specimens and 16 matching, morphologically normal, esophageal epithelium tissues were analyzed. The immunostaining results showed that Fra-1, Neogenin, Id-1, and CDC25B were overexpressed in both ESCC cell lines and their corresponding primary tumors at the protein level, validating the microarray findings. The results of the clinical specimens showed that the Fra-1 gene was overexpressed in ESCC compared with normal esophageal epithelium in 53 of 61 cases (87%), Neogenin in 57 of 61 cases (93%), Id-1 in 57 of 61 cases (93%), and CDC25B in 48 of 61 cases (79%). Furthermore, the expression of Fra-1, Neogenin, and Id-1 in ESCC correlated with tumor differentiation., Conclusions: Overall, this study demonstrates that multiple genes are differentially expressed in ESCC and provides the first evidence that oncogenes Fra-1 and Neogenin and cell cycle-related genes Id-1 and CDC25B are overexpressed in ESCC.
- Published
- 2001
225. From transforming growth factor-beta signaling to androgen action: identification of Smad3 as an androgen receptor coregulator in prostate cancer cells.
- Author
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Kang HY, Lin HK, Hu YC, Yeh S, Huang KE, and Chang C
- Subjects
- Androgens metabolism, Cell Line, DNA-Binding Proteins physiology, Gene Expression, Humans, Male, Prostate-Specific Antigen genetics, Prostatic Neoplasms, Receptors, Androgen genetics, Receptors, Calcitriol metabolism, Receptors, Estrogen metabolism, Receptors, Progesterone metabolism, Recombinant Fusion Proteins genetics, Recombinant Fusion Proteins metabolism, Response Elements, Smad3 Protein, Trans-Activators physiology, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Receptors, Androgen metabolism, Signal Transduction physiology, Trans-Activators metabolism, Transcriptional Activation, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism
- Abstract
Although transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been identified to mainly inhibit cell growth, the correlation of elevated TGF-beta with increasing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in metastatic stages of prostate cancer has also been well documented. The molecular mechanism for these two contrasting effects of TGF-beta, however, remains unclear. Here we report that Smad3, a downstream mediator of the TGF-beta signaling pathway, functions as a coregulator to enhance androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transactivation. Compared with the wild-type AR, Smad3 acts as a strong coregulator in the presence of 1 nM 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 10 nM 17beta-estradiol, or 1 microM hydroxyflutamide for the LNCaP mutant AR (mtAR T877A), found in many prostate tumor patients. We further showed that endogenous PSA expression in LNCaP cells can be induced by 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and the addition of the Smad3 further induces PSA expression. Together, our findings establish Smad3 as an important coregulator for the androgen-signaling pathway and provide a possible explanation for the positive role of TGF-beta in androgen-promoted prostate cancer growth.
- Published
- 2001
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226. The measurement of three dimensional dose distribution of a ruthenium-106 ophthalmological applicator using magnetic resonance imaging of BANG polymer gels.
- Author
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Chan MF, Fung AY, Hu YC, Chui CS, Amols H, Zaider M, and Abramson D
- Subjects
- Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Retinal Neoplasms radiotherapy, Retinoblastoma radiotherapy, Brachytherapy methods, Eye Neoplasms radiotherapy, Gels, Melanoma radiotherapy, Phantoms, Imaging, Polymers, Radiation Monitoring instrumentation, Ruthenium Radioisotopes
- Abstract
The BANG (MGS Research Inc., Guilford, CT) polymer gel has been used as a dosimeter to determine the three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution of a ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) ophthalmologic applicator. An eye phantom made of the BANG gel was irradiated with the Ru-106 source for up to 1 h. The phantom and a set of calibration vials were scanned simultaneously in a GE 1.5 T MR imager using the Hahn spin-echo pulse sequence with a TR of 2000 ms and two TEs of 20 ms and 100 ms. The T(2) values were evaluated on a pixel-by-pixel basis using custom-built software on a DEC alpha workstation and converted to dose using calibration data. Depth doses and isodose lines of the Ru-106 eye-plaque were generated. It is concluded that the BANG gel dosimetry offers the potential for measuring the 3D dose distributions of an ophthalmologic applicator, with high spatial resolution and relatively good accuracy.
- Published
- 2001
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227. Increase of androgen-induced cell death and androgen receptor transactivation by BRCA1 in prostate cancer cells.
- Author
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Yeh S, Hu YC, Rahman M, Lin HK, Hsu CL, Ting HJ, Kang HY, and Chang C
- Subjects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21, Cyclins genetics, Glutathione Transferase metabolism, Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms enzymology, Androgens physiology, BRCA1 Protein physiology, Cell Death physiology, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Receptors, Androgen genetics, Transcriptional Activation physiology
- Abstract
Although mutations of the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) may play important roles in breast and prostate cancers, the detailed mechanism linking the functions of BRCA1 to these two hormone-related tumors remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that BRCA1 interacts with androgen receptor (AR) and enhances AR target genes, such as p21((WAF1/CIP1)), that may result in the increase of androgen-induced cell death in prostate cancer cells. The BRCA1-enhanced AR transactivation can be further induced synergistically with AR coregulators, such as CBP, ARA55, and ARA70. Together, these data suggest that the BRCA1 may function as an AR coregulator and play positive roles in androgen-induced cell death in prostate cancer cells and other androgen/AR target organs.
- Published
- 2000
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228. Mutational analysis of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas.
- Author
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Hu YC, Lam KY, Tang JC, and Srivastava G
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA, Neoplasm genetics, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, PTEN Phosphohydrolase, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Prospective Studies, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell genetics, Esophageal Neoplasms genetics, Mutation, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases genetics, Tumor Suppressor Proteins
- Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether PTEN/MMAC1 mutations play a role in the carcinogenesis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma., Methods: A panel of 33 primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumour samples and 20 corresponding morphologically normal tissues was examined for mutations in all nine exons of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene by means of polymerase chain reaction single strand conformational polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) and direct DNA sequencing methods., Results: Only one of 33 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas showed an aberrant SSCP band. Further sequencing analysis of this sample revealed an 802 -29 T-->C substitution in intron 7. PTEN/MMAC1 mutations were not found in the mutational "hot spot" in exon 5, even after direct sequencing of six oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples and three normal tissues. However, a deletion of one nucleotide T at position 492 +8 in intron 5 was seen in all samples., Conclusion: These results suggest that PTEN/MMAC1 mutations do not play a major role in the carcinogenesis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
- Published
- 1999
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229. Differential induction of androgen receptor transactivation by different androgen receptor coactivators in human prostate cancer DU145 cells.
- Author
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Yeh S, Kang HY, Miyamoto H, Nishimura K, Chang HC, Ting HJ, Rahman M, Lin HK, Fujimoto N, Hu YC, Mizokami A, Huang KE, and Chang C
- Subjects
- Androgen Antagonists therapeutic use, Carrier Proteins pharmacology, Flutamide analogs & derivatives, Flutamide therapeutic use, Gonadal Steroid Hormones physiology, Histone Acetyltransferases, Humans, LIM Domain Proteins, Male, Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1, Nuclear Receptor Coactivators, Prostatic Neoplasms drug therapy, Receptors, Androgen physiology, Transcription Factors pharmacology, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Oncogene Proteins, Receptors, Androgen drug effects, Trans-Activators pharmacology
- Abstract
Recently identified androgen receptor (AR) coactivators were used in this study to determine whether the specificity of sex hormones and antiandrogens could be modulated at the coactivator level. We found that ARA70 is the best coactivator to confer the androgenic activity on 17beta-estradiol. Only ARA70 and ARA55 could increase significantly the androgenic activity of hydroxyflutamide, a widely used antiand rogen for the treatment of prostate cancer. None of the AR coactivators we tested could significantly confer androgenic activity on progesterone and glucocorticoid at their physiological concentrations (1-10nM). We also found that ARA70, ARA55, and ARA54, but not steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) and Rb, could significantly enhance the delta5-androstenediol-mediated AR transactivation. Furthermore, in comparing the relative specificity of these coactivators to AR in DU145 cells, our results suggested that ARA70 has a relatively higher specificity and that SRC-1 can enhance almost equally well many other steroid receptors. Finally, our data demonstrated that AR itself and some select AR coactivators such as ARA70 or ARA54 could, respectively, interact with CBP and p300/CBP-associated factors that have histone acetyl-transferase activity for assisting chromatin remodeling. Together, our data suggest that the specificity of sex hormones and antiandrogens can be modulated by some selective AR coactivators. These findings may not only help us to better understand the specificity of the sex hormones and antiandrogens, but also facilitate the development of better antiandrogens to fight the androgen-related diseases, such as prostate cancer.
- Published
- 1999
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230. Chimeric infectious bursal disease virus-like particles expressed in insect cells and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography.
- Author
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Hu YC, Bentley WE, Edwards GH, and Vakharia VN
- Subjects
- Animals, Baculoviridae genetics, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Histidine, Metals, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Recombinant Proteins isolation & purification, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Ultrafiltration methods, Viral Structural Proteins immunology, Viral Structural Proteins isolation & purification, Chromatography, Affinity methods, Infectious bursal disease virus genetics, Infectious bursal disease virus isolation & purification, Spodoptera virology, Viral Structural Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were produced by coinfecting Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) insect cells with two recombinant baculoviruses, vIBD-7 and vEDLH-22. vIBD-7 encodes VP2, VP3, and VP4 of the IBDV structural proteins. vEDLH-22 encodes VP2 with five histidine residues at the carboxy-terminus (VP2H). Coinfection produced hybrid VLPs composed of VP2, VP2H, and VP3. The additional histidine residues on VP2H enabled the efficient purification of VLPs based on immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). These results demonstrated that the VLPs formed are comprised of chimeric subunits with attached affinity ligands, and further, that sufficient His5 ligand was available for binding to the IMAC metal-chelating resin. Additionally, these novel particles were fully characterized for antigenicity by a series of monoclonal antibodies, and appeared identical to the two wild-type IBDV strains contributing subunits to the chimeric VLP. IMAC purification provides a promising low-cost and simple scheme to purify VLPs as vaccines., (Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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231. Determination of the thermogenesis curves and studies of the thermodynamics and thermokinetics of seed germination.
- Author
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Zhou PJ, Hu YC, Wang CX, Song ZH, Wang TZ, Qu SS, Zhou HT, and Zhu YG
- Subjects
- Calorimetry instrumentation, Calorimetry methods, Kinetics, Oryza growth & development, Seeds growth & development, Thermodynamics, Time Factors, Trees growth & development, Chemistry, Agricultural instrumentation, Germination, Seeds chemistry
- Abstract
The thermogenesis curves of the germination of different rice and tree seeds were determined and studied by using a newly constructed microcalorimeter. The thermogenesis curves of the germination of the seeds demonstrate the existence of physiological triphasic patterns, which include imbibition, activation and growth stages in the germination process. The thermodynamics and thermokinetics of the main growth phase of the growth stage in the germination process have been studied. The growth heat effect (deltaH), the growth rate constant (k), the growth inhibitory factor (s) and deceleration rate constant (beta) have been determined and calculated, In addition, the experimental thermokinetic equations of the growth stage in the seed germination process have been established.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
232. A tubular segmented-flow bioreactor for the infection of insect cells with recombinant baculovirus.
- Author
-
Hu YC, Wang MY, and Bentley WE
- Abstract
A continuous process of insect cell (S f9) growth and baculovirus infection is tested with the sequential combination of a CSTR and a tubular reactor. A tubular infection reactor enables continuous introduction of baculovirus and therefore avoids the 'passage effect' observed in two-stage CSTR systems. Moreover, a tubular reactor can be used to test cell infection kinetics and the subsequent metabolism of infected insect cells. Unlike batch and CSTR culture, cells in a horizontally positioned tubular reactor settle due to poor mixing. We have overcome this problem by alternately introducing air bubbles and media and by maintaining a linear velocity sufficient to keep cells suspended. This article addresses the development of the tubular reactor and demonstrates its use as an infection system that complements the two-stage CSTR.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
233. [Reconstruction of joint deformities of the extremities using random thin skin flap].
- Author
-
Hu YC and Huang XY
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Ankle Joint, Child, Child, Preschool, Cicatrix surgery, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Elbow Joint, Joint Deformities, Acquired surgery, Surgical Flaps, Wrist Joint
- Published
- 1994
234. [Ultrastructural study of 14 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans].
- Author
-
Hu YC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Middle Aged, Dermatofibrosarcoma ultrastructure, Skin Neoplasms ultrastructure
- Abstract
14 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) were investigated with electron microscopy. Perineural cells, fibroblasts and primitive mesenchymal cells were found in all cases with perineural cells as the most prominent component. The findings suggest that DFSP is a tumor with heterogeneity, most probably arising from primitive dermal mesenchymal cells which have the potential for differentiation toward different cell lines, especially toward perineural cells.
- Published
- 1993
235. Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of early cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and in 100 healthy subjects.
- Author
-
Hu YC, Li GY, Peng L, and Deng YM
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell epidemiology, China, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms epidemiology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell genetics, Lymphocytes ultrastructure, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms genetics, Sister Chromatid Exchange
- Abstract
Sister chromatid exchange rate was studied in 12 early diagnosed cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and in their paired controls. Exchange frequencies were also analyzed in 100 healthy subjects distributed in four regions of Hunan Province and correlated to nationality, age and sex. The incidence of sister chromatid exchange was significantly higher in the cancer patients than in the normal controls. No correlation was found between the frequency of sister chromatid exchange and region, nationality, age or sex.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
236. Mutagenesis by N-nitroso compounds in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 and TA104: evidence for premutagenic adenine or thymine DNA adducts.
- Author
-
Guttenplan JB and Hu YC
- Subjects
- Adenine, Animals, Base Composition, Biotransformation, DNA, Bacterial metabolism, Male, Microsomes, Liver metabolism, Mutagenicity Tests, Rats, Salmonella typhimurium drug effects, Salmonella typhimurium genetics, Species Specificity, Structure-Activity Relationship, Thymine, Mutagens, Mutation, Nitroso Compounds pharmacology
- Abstract
Mutagenesis induced by the N-nitroso compounds: N-nitrosomethylurea, N-nitrosoethylurea, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine was measured in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA102 and TA104. TA100 detects damage mainly at G-C base pairs while TA102 and TA104 can detect damage at A-T base pairs. In general all strains were similarly sensitive, except that TA104 was much less sensitive to high doses of N-nitroso-N-methylurea. In TA104 a significant percentage of the revertants induced by all agents except NMU resulted from point mutations at A-T base pairs, indicating that adenine or thymine DNA adducts are important premutagenic adducts formed by certain N-nitroso compounds.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
237. [Analytical studies of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge and its preparations].
- Author
-
Lu XL, Cao XL, Zhang SL, Hu YC, Bao XS, and Wang YX
- Subjects
- China, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Seasons, Plants, Medicinal analysis
- Published
- 1984
238. Evidence for a major premutagenic ethyldeoxythymidine-DNA adduct in an in vivo system: N-nitroso-N-ethylurea-treated Salmonella typhimurium.
- Author
-
Hu YC and Guttenplan JB
- Subjects
- Alkylation, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Salmonella typhimurium genetics, Thymidine analogs & derivatives, DNA, Bacterial, Ethylnitrosourea, Mutation
- Abstract
Mutagenesis induced by N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU) was assayed in four strains of Salmonella typhimurium which are known to be reverted to histidine prototrophy by mutations at A-T base pairs and by extragenic suppression. NEU-induced revertants were characterized for the presence of extragenic suppressors by their sensitivities to the histidine analogue, thiazolealanine. In strains carrying the plasmid, pKM101, only a small percentage of the revertants was due to suppressors, indicating that NEU gives rise to a major premutagenic adenine or thymidine-DNA adduct. In strains without plasmid, mutagenesis was much less efficient and resulted mainly from suppressors. Apparently error-prone DNA-repair plays an important role in mutagenesis via the A or T-DNA adduct in the plasmid-containing strains. Ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), a mutagen known to form ethyladenines but not ethylthymidines, induced mutagenesis that resulted mainly from suppressors in all strains, and there was little inter-strain difference in the sensitivity to EMS. Since NEU, but not EMS, forms ethylthymidines in appreciable yield, and only NEU induced high percentages of revertants with mutations at A-T base pairs, it appears that at least one ethylthymidine is a major premutagenic adduct in NEU-induced mutagenesis.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
239. [CHEMOTHERAPY OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS. SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED SALICYLANILIDES AND BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES].
- Author
-
CHEN ST, KAN PC, CHEIN IF, and HU YC
- Subjects
- Mice, Anilides, Antiprotozoal Agents, Benzimidazoles, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Pharmacology, Research, Salicylanilides, Schistosomiasis
- Published
- 1963
240. [Congenital malformations of the anus and rectum: an analysis of 90 cases].
- Author
-
WANG TY and HU YC
- Subjects
- Humans, Anal Canal abnormalities, Rectum abnormalities
- Published
- 1959
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