191 results on '"Hu, Yiping"'
Search Results
152. Object reconstruction with intensity correlations: signal-to-noise ratio calculation.
- Author
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Hu, Yiping Z., Marathay, Arvind S., and Idell, Paul S.
- Published
- 1990
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153. Object reconstruction with intensity correlations: signal-to-noise ratio calculation
- Author
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Hu, Yiping Z., primary, Marathay, Arvind S., additional, and Idell, Paul S., additional
- Published
- 1990
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154. Clonogenic colony-forming ability of hepatic stem cells in the spleens of mice.
- Author
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Juan, Su, Yao Yucheng, Yu Hongyu, Zhu Haiying, Wang Xinmin, Wang Zhonghua, and Hu Yiping
- Subjects
STEM cells ,SPLEEN - Abstract
Examines the existence of hepatic stem cells (HSC) in the spleens of mice. Replacement demands of cellular losses; Role of HSC in hepatocarcinogenesis; Preparation of donor cells.
- Published
- 2002
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155. Xeno-repopulation of Fah−/−Nod/Scidmice livers by human hepatocytes
- Author
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Su, BaoLiang, Liu, ChangCheng, Xiang, Dao, Zhang, HaiBin, Yuan, SiMing, Wang, MinJun, Chen, Fei, Zhu, HaiYing, He, ZhiYing, Wang, Xin, and Hu, YiPing
- Abstract
Functional human hepatocytes xenografted into the liver of mice can be used as a model system to study pharmacokinetics, infection of hepatitis viruses, and the efficacy of hepatitis vaccines. Significant levels of liver xeno-repopulation have been reported in Fah−/−Rag2−/−Il2rg−/−mice. However, the high mortality and low breeding rate of this model may hinder its application. A new model, termed Fah−/−Nod/Scidmice, which combines the advantages of liver repopulation in Fah−/−mice with the ease of xenotransplantation in Nod/Scidmice was obtained by gradual cross-breeding. Fah−/−Nod/Scidmice were easily maintained in breeding colonies and in adult animal care facilities. FK506 treatment combined with gradual withdrawal of NTBC before cell transplantation ensured that Fah−/−Nod/Scidmice were susceptible to liver xeno-repopulation by human hepatocytes; the proportion of engrafted human hepatocytes reached 33.6%. The function of the expanded human hepatocytes within the chimeric liver was confirmed by weight curve analysis, the expression of characteristic proteins, and the biochemical analysis of liver function. These results show that Fah−/−Nod/Scidmice are an ideal humanized liver mouse model with many useful applications.
- Published
- 2011
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156. Liver Xeno-Repopulation with Human Hepatocytes in Fah−/−Rag2−/−Mice after Pharmacological Immunosuppression
- Author
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He, Zhiying, Zhang, Haibin, Zhang, Xin, Xie, Dongfu, Chen, Yixin, Wangensteen, Kirk J., Ekker, Stephen C., Firpo, Meri, Liu, Changcheng, Xiang, Dao, Zi, Xiaoyuan, Hui, Lijian, Yang, Guangshun, Ding, Xiaoyan, Hu, Yiping, and Wang, Xin
- Abstract
Functional human hepatocytes xeno-engrafted in mouse liver can be used as a model system to study hepatitis virus infection and vaccine efficacy. Significant liver xeno-repopulation has been reported in two kinds of genetically modified mice that have both immune deficiency and liver injury–induced donor hepatocyte selection: the uPA/SCIDmice and Fah−/−Rag2−/−Il2rg−/−mice. The lack of hardy breeding and the overly elaborated technique in these two models may hinder the potential future application of these models to hepatitis virus infection and vaccination studies. Improving the transplantation protocol for liver xeno-repopulation from human hepatocytes will increase the model efficiency and application. In this study, we successfully apply immunosuppressive drug treatments of anti-asialo GM1 and FK506 in Fah−/−Rag2−/−mice, resulting in significant liver xeno-repopulation from human hepatocytes and human fetal liver cells. This methodology decreases the risk of animal mortality during breeding and surgery. When infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) sera, Fah−/−Rag2−/−mice with liver xeno-repopulation from human hepatocytes accumulate significant levels of HBV DNA and HBV proteins. Our new protocol for humanized liver could be applied in the study of human hepatitis virus infection in vivo, as well as the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of potential vaccines.
- Published
- 2010
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157. Restoration of longitudinal images
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Hu, Yiping and Frieden, B. Roy
- Abstract
In this paper, a method of restoring longitudinal images is developed. By using the transfer function for longitudinal objects, and inverse filtering, a longitudinal image may be restored. The Fourier theory and sampling theorems for transverse images cannot be used directly in the longitudinal case. A modification and reasonable approximation are introduced. We have numerically established a necessary relationship between just-resolved longitudinal separation (after inverse filtering), noise level, and the taking conditions of object distance and lens diameter. An empirical formula is also found to well-fit the computed results. This formula may be of use for designing optical systems which are to image longitudinal details, such as in robotics or microscopy.
- Published
- 1988
158. Restoration of longitudinal Images
- Author
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Frieden, B. Roy, primary and Hu, Yiping, additional
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
159. Sinomenine Suppresses Osteoclast Formation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra-Induced Bone Loss by Modulating RANKL Signaling Pathways.
- Author
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Li, Xiaojuan, He, Longgang, Hu, Yiping, Duan, Heng, Li, Xianglian, Tan, Suiyi, Zou, Min, Gu, Chunping, Zeng, Xiangzhou, Yu, Le, Xu, Jiake, and Liu, Shuwen
- Subjects
RHEUMATOID arthritis treatment ,OSTEOPOROSIS treatment ,MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,NF-kappa B ,GENE expression ,BONE resorption - Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for osteoclastogenesis. Targeting RANKL signaling pathways has been an encouraging strategy for treating lytic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sinomenine (SIN), derived from Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenioum acutum, is an active compound to treat RA, but its effect on osteoclasts has been hitherto unknown. In the present study, SIN was found to ameliorate M. tuberculosis H37Ra (Mt)-induced bone loss in rats with a decreased serum level of TRACP5b and RANKL, and an increased level of osteoprotegerin (OPG). In vitro study also showed that SIN could inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. The osteoclastic specific marker genes induced by RANKL including c-Src, MMP-9, TRACP were inhibited by SIN in a dose dependent manner. Signal transduction studies showed that SIN could obviously reduce the expression of RANK adaptor molecule TRAF6 and down-regulate RANKL-induced NF-κB activation. It decreased the RANKL-induced p38, JNK posphorylation but not ERK1/2 posphorylation. SIN could also reduce RANKL-mediated calcium influx which is associated with TRAF6/c-Src complex. Finally, SIN suppressed RANKL induced AP-1 and NFAT transcription, as well as the gene expression of NFATc1 and AP-1 components (Fra-1, Fra-2, c-Fos). The protein expression of c-Fos and TRAF6 were also inhibited by SIN after RANKL stimulation. Taken together, SIN could attenuate osteoclast formation and Mt-induced bone loss by mediating RANKL signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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160. Erratum to: Xeno-repopulation of Fah Nod/ Scid mice livers by human hepatocytes.
- Author
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Su, BaoLiang, Liu, ChangCheng, Xiang, Dao, Zhang, HaiBin, Yuan, SiMing, Wang, MinJun, Chen, Fei, Zhu, HaiYing, He, ZhiYing, Wang, Xin, and Hu, YiPing
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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161. Erratum to: Xeno-repopulation of Fah−/−Nod/Scid mice livers by human hepatocytes
- Author
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Su, BaoLiang, Liu, ChangCheng, Xiang, Dao, Zhang, HaiBin, Yuan, SiMing, Wang, MinJun, Chen, Fei, Zhu, HaiYing, He, ZhiYing, Wang, Xin, and Hu, YiPing
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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162. Immunoregulation of myelin-specific CD4+ T cell response by neural stem/progenitor cells: Role of prostaglandin E2
- Author
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Liu, Mingyuan, Xiao, Lin, Liu, Shuxun, Hu, Yiping, Tian, Jun, Gao, Guoqiang, Xie, Shanshan, and Guan, Yangtai
- Subjects
- *
IMMUNOREGULATION , *MYELIN , *CD4 antigen , *T cells , *NEURAL stem cells , *PROSTAGLANDINS E , *CELL proliferation - Abstract
Abstract: The abnormal proliferation and polarization of Th17/Th1 subsets are believed to contribute to the progression of multiple sclerosis. We demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) could inhibit CD4+T cells from mice of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to proliferate and polarize into Th17 but promote their apoptosis and to generate regulatory T cells in response to myelin antigen via releasing prostaglandin E2 by activated Th1-derived IFN-γ. The study indicated that NSCs play a negatively regulatory role in T cell responses and provided novel evidence for the therapeutic mechanisms underlying the usage of NSCs to treat autoimmune diseases of central nervous system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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163. Simultaneously Geometrical and Electronic Modulation of L 10 -PtZn by Trace Ge Boosts High-performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction.
- Author
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Lu S, Hu Y, Xia F, Yang S, Jiang S, Zhou Y, Ma D, Zhang W, Li J, Wu J, Rao D, and Yue Q
- Abstract
Developing a highly active, durable, and low-platinum-based electrocatalyst for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is for breaking the bottleneck of large-scale applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, ultrafine PtZn intermetallic nanoparticles with low Pt-loading and trace germanium (Ge) involvement confined in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Ge-L
10 -PtZn@N-C) are reported. The Ge-L10 -PtZn@N-C exhibit superior ORR activity with a mass activity of 3.04 A mg-1 Pt and specific activity of 4.69 mA cm-2 , ≈12.2- and 10.2-times improvement compared to the commercial Pt/C (20%) at 0.90 V in 0.1 m KOH. The cathodic catalyst Ge-L10 -PtZn@N-C assembled in the PEMFC shows encouraging peak power densities of 316.5 (at 0.86 V) and 417.2 mW cm-2 (at 0.91 V) in alkaline and acidic fuel-cell, respectively. The combination of experiment and density functional theory calculations (DFT) results robustly reveal that the participation of trace Ge can not only trigger a "growth site locking effect" to effectively inhibit nanoparticle growth, bring miniature nanoparticles, enhance dispersion uniformity, and achieve the exposure of the more electrochemical active site, but also effectively modulates the electronic structure, hence optimizing the adsorption/desorption of the oxygen intermediates., (© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)- Published
- 2024
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164. Thickness effect of 2D PdSe 2 film on performance of PdSe 2 /Si heterostructure photodetectors.
- Author
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Hu Y, Zhu Q, Sun J, Sun Y, Hanagata N, and Xu M
- Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) PdSe
2 film has the characteristics of adjustable bandgap, high carrier mobility, and high stability. Photodetector (PD) based on 2D PdSe2 exhibits wide spectral self-driving features, demonstrating enormous potential in the field of optical detection. Here, we design and fabricate PdSe2 /Si heterojunction PDs with various thicknesses of the PdSe2 films from 10 to 35 nm. Due to the enhancement of light absorption capacity and built-in electric field of heterojunction, the photodetector with thicker PdSe2 film can generate more photo-generated carriers and effectively separate them to form a large photocurrent, thus showing more excellent photodetection performance. The responsivity and specific detectivity of the PdSe2 /Si PDs with 10 nm, 20 nm, and 35 nm PdSe2 films are 2.12 A W-1 and 6.72 × 109 Jones, 6.17 A W-1 and 1.95 × 1010 Jones, and 8.02 A W-1 and 2.54 × 1010 Jones, respectively (808 nm illumination). The PD with 35 nm PdSe2 film exhibits better performance than the other two PDs, with the rise/fall times of 15.8 μ s/138.9 μ s at f = 1 kHz and the cut-off frequency of 8.6 kHz. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the properties of PdSe2 /Si PD array have excellent uniformity and stability at room temperature and shows potential for image sensing in the UV-vis-NIR wavelength range., (© 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd.)- Published
- 2023
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165. Hypermethylation of Smad7 in CD4 + T cells is associated with the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis.
- Author
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Hu Y, Xu B, He J, Shan H, Zhou G, Wang D, Bai L, Shang H, Nie L, Pan F, Lan HY, and Wang Q
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, DNA therapeutic use, DNA Methylation, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Interleukin-6 genetics
- Abstract
Background: Smad7 is protective in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Here we investigated whether Smad7-expressing CD4
+ T cells and the methylation of Smad7 gene in CD4+ T cells contribute to the disease activity of RA in patients., Methods: Peripheral CD4+ T cells were collected from 35 healthy controls and 57 RA patients. Smad7 expression by CD4+ T cells were determined and correlated with the clinical parameters of RA including RA score and serum levels of IL-6, CRP, ESR, DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR, Swollen joints and Tender joints. Bisulfite sequencing (BSP-seq) was used to determine the DNA methylation in Smad7 promoter (-1000 to +2000) region in CD4+ T cells. In addition, a DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC), was added to CD4+ T cells to examine the possible role of Smad7 methylation in CD4+ T cell differentiation and functional activity., Results: Compared to the heath controls, Smad7 expression was significantly decreased in CD4+ T cells from RA patients and inversely correlated with the RA activity score and serum levels of IL-6 and CRP. Importantly, loss of Smad7 in CD4+ T cell was associated with the alteration of Th17/Treg balance by increasing Th17 over the Treg population. BSP-seq detected that DNA hypermethylation occurred in the Smad7 promoter region of CD4+ T cells obtained from RA patients. Mechanistically, we found that the DNA hypermethylation in the Smad7 promoter of CD4+ T cells was associated with decreased Smad7 expression in RA patients. This was associated with overreactive DNA methyltransferase (DMNT1) and downregulation of the methyl-CpG binding domain proteins (MBD4). Inhibition of DNA methylation by treating CD4+ T cells from RA patients with 5-AzaC significantly increased Smad7 mRNA expression along with the increased MBD4 but reduced DNMT1 expression, which was associated with the rebalance in the Th17/Treg response., Conclusion: DNA hypermethylation at the Smad7 promoter regions may cause a loss of Smad7 in CD4+ T cells of RA patients, which may contribute to the RA activity by disrupting the Th17/Treg balance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Hu, Xu, He, Shan, Zhou, Wang, Bai, Shang, Nie, Pan, Lan and Wang.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
166. Surface and Interface Engineering for the Catalysts of Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction.
- Author
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Hu Y and Kang Y
- Abstract
The massive use of fossil fuels releases a great amount of CO
2 , which substantially contributes to the global warming. For the global goal of putting CO2 emission under control, effective utilization of CO2 is particularly meaningful. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2 RR) has great potential in CO2 utilization, because it can convert CO2 into valuable carbon-containing chemicals and feedstock using renewable electricity. The catalyst design for eCO2 RR is a key challenge to achieving efficient conversion of CO2 to fuels and useful chemicals. For a typical heterogeneous catalyst, surface and interface engineering is an effective approach to enhance reaction activity. Herein, the development and research progress in CO2 catalysts with focus on surface and interface engineering are reviewed. First, the fundaments of eCO2 RR is briefly discussed from the reaction mechanism to performance evaluation methods, introducing the role of the surface and interface engineering of electrocatalyst in eCO2 RR. Then, several routes to optimize the surface and interface of CO2 electrocatalysts, including morphology, dopants, atomic vacancies, grain boundaries, surface modification, etc., are reviewed and representative examples are given. At the end of this review, we share our personal views in future research of eCO2 RR., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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167. Optimization of Triterpene Yield from Ganoderma atrum HBSD Z19 (Agaricomycetes) by Optimization of Medium Components and Evaluation of Bioactivity Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro.
- Author
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Dong R, Qiao J, Song S, Zhuansun W, Hu Y, Zeng X, Xin B, Weng Q, Zeng H, and Yin X
- Subjects
- Powders, Antioxidants chemistry, Digestion, Triterpenes
- Abstract
The intracellular triterpene yield from Ganoderma atrum was enhanced by optimization based on single-factor experiments, Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBED) and response surface methodology (RSM) under liquid fermentation conditions. The optimal medium composition (g·L-1) was glucose (46.0), bean cake powder (30.2), KH2PO4 (2.0), CaCl2 (3.0), MgSO4 (1.5), FeSO4 (0.2), and pH 6.0. Under the optimal conditions, the highest triterpene yield of 0.527 g·L-1 was obtained, which was 4.705-fold higher than before optimization. The fermented powder that was collected from the optimal medium was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, with differences resulting from extraction in different digestive juices (purified water, simulated gastric digestive juice, simulated gastrointestinal digestive juice). The content of triterpenes and polysaccharides increased, except for total phenol content. In terms of the antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH+⋅) scavenging activity gradually decreased whereas the 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+⋅) scavenging activity first decreased and then increased. In terms of enzyme viability, the activity of α-amylase (α-AL) and α-glucosidase (α-GC) in the digestive juices decreased dramatically. The main bioactive components of G. atrum and their bioactivity in digestive juices were evaluated, providing a reference for the effective use of fermented power from G. atrum.
- Published
- 2023
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168. Shikonin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis mice by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization.
- Author
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Lianhua HE, Huijie L, Qingxia Q, Juan HE, Jian C, Yiping HU, Yueming C, Desheng S, Yu S, and Qingwen W
- Subjects
- Mice, Male, Animals, Interleukin-13 metabolism, Interleukin-13 pharmacology, Interleukin-13 therapeutic use, Lipopolysaccharides adverse effects, Mice, Inbred DBA, Macrophages, Arthritis, Experimental metabolism
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of shikonin (SKN) on M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages both and ., Methods: Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in male DBA/1 mice were treated with a dose of 4 mg/kg/day of SKN for 23 d ( = 6/group). The histopathology of inflamed joints in CIA mice was evaluated to test the anti-arthritic effect of SKN. M1/M2 polarization of macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ or interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, were used to assess the effect of SKN (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μM). The effect of SKN on the protein expression of nitric oxide synthase, arginase, CD68, and CD206 was evaluated using western blot analysis., Results: The results of this study revealed that SKN delayed the arthritis feet symptom score, reduced the incidence rate of arthritis, and relieved the inflammation of joints in CIA mice. SKN inhibited M1 macrophage polarization but did not affect M2 macrophage polarization in the joints of CIA mice. Moreover, SKN inhibited M1 polarization induced by LPS and IFN-γ, but did not affect M2 polarization induced by IL-4 and IL-13., Conclusion: These findings suggest that SKN alleviated CIA through inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and has great potential as a new drug for RA treatment.
- Published
- 2022
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169. [Acquisition and application of functional pancreatic β cells: a review].
- Author
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Xiang G, Liu Q, Hu Y, Wang M, and Chen F
- Subjects
- Cell Differentiation, Humans, Insulin metabolism, Pancreas metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus therapy, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation
- Abstract
Insulin is produced and secreted by pancreatic β cells in the pancreas, which plays a key role in maintaining euglycemia. Insufficient secretion or deficient usage of insulin is the main cause of diabetes mellitus (DM). Drug therapy and islets transplantation are classical treatments for DM. Pancreatic β cell replacement therapy could help patients to get rid of drugs and alleviate the problem of lacking in transplantable donors. Pancreatic β-like cells can be acquired by cell reprogramming techniques or directed induction of stem cell differentiation. These cells are proved to be functional both in vitro and in vivo . Some hospitals have already performed clinical trials for pancreatic β cell replacement therapy. Functional pancreatic β-like cells, which obtained from in vitro pathway, could be a reliable source of cell therapy for treating DM. In this review, the approaches of obtaining pancreatic β cells are summarized and the remaining problems are discussed. Some thoughts are provided for further acquisition and application of pancreatic β cells.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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170. [Development of Axial Resolution Testing Device for Optical Coherence Tomograph for the Posterior Segment of the Human Eye and Measurement Uncertainty Analysis].
- Author
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Wang J, Jia X, Peng J, Hu Y, Luo C, and Cai M
- Subjects
- Humans, Uncertainty, Algorithms, Eye diagnostic imaging, Tomography, Optical Coherence
- Abstract
Based on the analysis of the theoretical calculation model of axial resolution of optical coherence tomograph for the posterior segment of the human eye, a set of testing device for measuring its axial resolution is designed and developed. In view of a commercial ophthalmic optical coherence tomograph in clinical use, its axial resolution is calculated to be 5.07 μm theoretically, and the actual measurement value is 5.45 μm. The uncertainty of the detection device is evaluated and the result is (5.45±0.10) μm. The measurement error introduced by the testing device is very small. Meanwhile, the axial resolution measured by the testing device meets the requirements of the instrument(≤ 6 μm).
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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171. [A Simplifed Model Eye for Testing Fundus Imaging Device].
- Author
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Peng J, Jia X, Wang J, and Hu Y
- Subjects
- Cornea, Fundus Oculi, Lens, Crystalline diagnostic imaging, Refraction, Ocular
- Abstract
Based on the Gullstrand I model eye, a simplified model eye for testing fundus imaging device is designed. The model eye can reach the following requirements:(1) The refractive characteristics of the ocular refractive tissue are simulated, and the equivalent focal length in air is 17 mm; (2) The differences between relative refractive index differences of the adjacent materials of the simplified model eye and relative refractive index differences of any adjacent two layers (cornea and aqueous humor, aqueous humor and lens, lens and vitreous body) of the Gullstrand I model eye are not more than 1%; (3) In the case of the incident aperture diameter of 3 mm, the differences of radii of the diffuse spots formed by the paraxial light and the axial light are not more than 15%; (4) The differences of angles of chief ray and tangent line of the fundus are not more than 1°; (5) In the case of the incident aperture diameter of 3 mm, the differences of MTF values of the near axis light are not more than 0.1. The simplified model eye can be expected to be used for testing fundus imaging device instead of the test method in ISO 10940:2009 Ophthalmic instruments-Fundus cameras.
- Published
- 2019
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172. Study in Treatment of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in DBA/1 Mice Model by Genistein.
- Author
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Hu Y, Li J, Qin L, Cheng W, Lai Y, Yue Y, Ren P, Pan X, and Zhang P
- Subjects
- Animals, Arthritis, Experimental chemically induced, Cattle, Collagen Type II administration & dosage, Female, Freund's Adjuvant administration & dosage, Genistein administration & dosage, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Mice, Mice, Inbred DBA, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, Disease Models, Animal, Genistein therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: This work aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein treatment in Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA) mouse model., Methods: CIA was elicited in DBA/1 Mice by an intradermal injection of 100 μL of an emulsion of bovine type II collagen (CII) in isovolumic incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) at the base of the tail. Twenty-one days later, a second injection of CII in IFA was administered at the base of the tail. After the symptoms of arthritis showed in mouse model, we divided animals into two groups according to their clinical symptom scores. The treatment group was intraperitoneally injected daily with genistein (based on the pre-experiment data and literature reported, 5 mg/kg dose was selected and tested) for 12 days, while the control group was injected with phosphate buffered saline. Inflammatory cytokines titer, radiological, and histological observations were completed at different time's points after treatment. CT analysis was conducted 3 months after the treatment to observe the articular structures. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to investigate the expression and distribution of VEGF in joint tissues., Results: Genistein suppressed the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum. Radiological results showed that bone degradation was inhibited by the treatment. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the degree of inflammation was relieved. In the cartilage area, TRAP stain-positive cells were detected, which was notably reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group. Micro-CT 3D images clearly exhibited that the joint adhered and structures destroyed in the control group with less destruction in the treatment group. Furthermore, genistein suppressed VEGF expression, and blocked angiogenesis in the synovial tissue., Conclusion: Our work provides further data regarding the effects of genistein as a potential treatment drug for RA, as well as the role of genistein in the anti-inflammatory pathway in RA therapy., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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173. [Effects of cyclooxygenase 2 prostaglandin E2 induced by reactive oxygen species on wound healing].
- Author
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, and Yao M
- Subjects
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Signal Transduction, Cyclooxygenase 2 metabolism, Dinoprostone metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Wound Healing physiology
- Abstract
Different from the previous knowledge regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS), recent research suggests that ROS play essential roles in initiating cascade reaction of wound healing. During wound healing, ROS can serve as the second messenger to regulate signal transduction and gene expression. In this paper, we review the mechanism of generation of cyclooxygenase 2-prostaglandin E2 induced by ROS, which regulates the early inflammatory response and subsequent healing after injury.
- Published
- 2014
174. Peptidic HIV-1 fusion inhibitor VIR576 as a potential dual- functional microbicide inhibits antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell activation.
- Author
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Li M, Zhang R, Hu Y, Li J, Jiang S, Li X, and Liu S
- Subjects
- Animals, CD3 Complex, HIV-1, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Ovalbumin, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, alpha 1-Antitrypsin pharmacology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, HIV Fusion Inhibitors pharmacology, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects
- Abstract
Objective: To observe if VIR576, an 20-mer peptide derived from the C-proximal subfragment of a1-antitrypsin (a1-AT) which inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into the target cells by interacting with fusion peptide (FP), can also directly inhibit CD4(+) T cell activation in vitro., Methods: Splenocytes isolated from DO11.10 OVA Tg mice were stimulated with ovalbumin or concanavalin A to test the effects of VIR576 on antigen-specific or non-antigen-specific T cell activation. Both primary CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells from DO11.10 mice and CD4(+) T cell line A2b were activated with specific antigens to evaluate the effects of VIR576., Results: VIR576 inhibited antigen-specific splenocyte activation but had no significant effect on non-antigen-specific T-cell activation, which bypassed the crosstalk between the CD3-signaling complex and TCR. We furthermore observed that VIR576 could also down-regulate antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell activation., Conclusions: Given the high susceptibility of activated CD4(+) T cells in the mucosa to HIV-1 infection, the inhibitory effects of VIR576 on both HIV entry into the target cells and CD4(+) T-cell activation suggest the potential of VIR576 as a microbicide for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV.
- Published
- 2014
175. Genistein suppresses tumor necrosis factor α-induced inflammation via modulating reactive oxygen species/Akt/nuclear factor κB and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signal pathways in human synoviocyte MH7A cells.
- Author
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Li J, Li J, Yue Y, Hu Y, Cheng W, Liu R, Pan X, and Zhang P
- Subjects
- Humans, NF-kappa B, Signal Transduction physiology, Synovial Membrane cytology, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases physiology, Genistein pharmacology, Inflammation prevention & control, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt physiology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
Aims: Genistein, an isoflavone derivative found in soy, is known as a promising treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the detailed molecular mechanism of genistein in suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production remains ambiguous. The aim of this work was to evaluate the signal pathway by which genistein modulates inflammatory cytokine expression., Materials and Methods: MH7A cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and incubated with genistein, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was measured by a confocal fluorescence microscopy. The intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was monitored using the fluorescent probe 5-6-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Signal-transduction protein expression was measured by Western blot., Results: Genistein decreased the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 from TNF-α-stimulated MH7A cells in a dose-dependent manner. Genistein prevented TNF-α-induced NF-κB translocation as well as phosphorylation of IκB kinase-α/β and IκBα, and also suppressed TNF-α-induced AMPK inhibition. The production of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 induced by TNF-α was decreased by the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor LY294002, suggesting that inhibition of Akt activation might inhibit IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 production induced by TNF-α. In addition, we also found that pretreatment with the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside obviously inhibited TNF-α-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. These observations suggest that the inhibitory effect of genistein on TNF-α-induced proinflammatory cytokine production is dependent on AMPK activation., Conclusion: These findings indicate that genistein suppressed TNF-α-induced inflammation by inhibiting the ROS/Akt/NF-κB pathway and promoting AMPK activation in MH7A cells.
- Published
- 2014
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176. Genistein: the potential for efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Li J, Gang D, Yu X, Hu Y, Yue Y, Cheng W, Pan X, and Zhang P
- Subjects
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors therapeutic use, Animals, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Antirheumatic Agents chemistry, Antirheumatic Agents pharmacokinetics, Clinical Trials as Topic, Genistein chemistry, Genistein pharmacokinetics, Humans, Mice, Molecular Structure, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Genistein therapeutic use
- Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs. Without treatment, inflammation leads to cartilage damage, bone erosions, joint destruction, and impaired movement. Because of the limited success of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, the exploration of new anti-rheumatic drugs with high efficacy and less toxicity is eagerly needed. Genistein, the major active compound from soybean, has received much attention due to its potential beneficial effects on some of the degenerative diseases. It has been found that genistein has anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenesis, antiproliferative, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, pain relief, and joint protection properties. Hence, significant advances have been made, both by in vitro and in vivo studies showing that genistein is a promising agent for RA treatment.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
177. Immunoregulation of myelin-specific CD4+ T cell response by neural stem/progenitor cells: role of prostaglandin E2.
- Author
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Liu M, Xiao L, Liu S, Hu Y, Tian J, Gao G, Xie S, and Guan Y
- Subjects
- Animals, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, Cells, Cultured, Coculture Techniques, Embryonic Stem Cells metabolism, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental immunology, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental metabolism, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental pathology, Female, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myelin Sheath metabolism, Myelin Sheath pathology, Neural Stem Cells metabolism, Pregnancy, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Dinoprostone physiology, Embryonic Stem Cells immunology, Myelin Sheath immunology, Neural Stem Cells immunology
- Abstract
The abnormal proliferation and polarization of Th17/Th1 subsets are believed to contribute to the progression of multiple sclerosis. We demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) could inhibit CD4(+)T cells from mice of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to proliferate and polarize into Th17 but promote their apoptosis and to generate regulatory T cells in response to myelin antigen via releasing prostaglandin E2 by activated Th1-derived IFN-γ. The study indicated that NSCs play a negatively regulatory role in T cell responses and provided novel evidence for the therapeutic mechanisms underlying the usage of NSCs to treat autoimmune diseases of central nervous system., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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178. Advances in research on animal models of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Hu Y, Cheng W, Cai W, Yue Y, Li J, and Zhang P
- Subjects
- Animals, Arthritis, Experimental pathology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid pathology, Humans, Arthritis, Experimental physiopathology, Arthritis, Experimental therapy, Arthritis, Rheumatoid physiopathology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid therapy, Disease Models, Animal
- Abstract
At present, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a type of autoimmune disease. Its pathology is not certain, and effective drugs with less toxicity have not been established. The establishment and application of animal models are effective methods for RA research, especially using animal models similar to humans. Arthritis is more heterogeneous, and this is an important starting point when discussing animal models for arthritis. Animal models are instrumental in understanding the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of RA. Appropriate animal models should be selected according to experiments because they have different traits. Various methods have been applied to induce arthritis in animal experimental models, which have provided important insights into the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of human RA. This review was written to give a broad introduction of the current stage of RA model and hope to offer beneficial help for RA-related research.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
179. MC8 peptide-mediated Her-2 receptor targeting based on PEI-β-CyD as gene delivery vector.
- Author
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Deng W, Xiao H, Zeng X, and Hu Y
- Subjects
- Drug Carriers chemical synthesis, Gene Targeting methods, Genetic Therapy methods, Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Neoplasms, Experimental drug therapy, Neoplasms, Experimental genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins administration & dosage, Cysteine Endopeptidases administration & dosage, Neoplasms, Experimental metabolism, Polyethyleneimine chemistry, Receptor, ErbB-2 genetics, Receptor, ErbB-2 metabolism, Transfection methods, beta-Cyclodextrins chemistry
- Abstract
A novel vector with high gene delivery efficiency and special cell targeting ability was developed using a good strategy that utilized low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI; molecular weight, 600 KDa [PEI600]) cross-linked to β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD) via a facile synthetic route. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) are highly expressed in a variety of human cancer cells and are potential targets for cancer therapy. MC8 peptides, which have been proven to combine especially with Her-2 on cell membranes were coupled to PEI-β-CyD using N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate as a linker. The ratios of PEI600, β-CyD, and peptide were calculated based on proton integral values obtained from the (1)H-NMR spectra of the resulting products. Electron microscope observations showed that MC8-PEI-β-CyD can efficiently condense plasmid DNA (pDNA) into nanoparticles of about 200 nm, and MTT assays suggested the decreased toxicity of the polymer. Experiments on gene delivery efficiency in vitro showed that MC8-PEI-β-CyD/pDNA polyplexes had significantly greater transgene activities than PEI-β-CyD/pDNA in the Skov3 and A549 cells, which positively expressed Her-2, whereas, no such effect was observed in the MCF-7 cells, which negatively expressed Her-2. Our current research indicated that the synthesized nonviral vector shows improved gene delivery efficiency and targeting specificity in Her-2 positive cells.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. Genome-wide roles of Foxa2 in directing liver specification.
- Author
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Xu C, Lu X, Chen EZ, He Z, Uyunbilig B, Li G, Ma Y, Hui L, Xie B, Gao Y, Ding X, Hu Y, Hu P, Han JD, and Wang X
- Subjects
- Embryonic Stem Cells metabolism, Endoderm growth & development, Endoderm metabolism, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Humans, Liver metabolism, Transcription Factors metabolism, Cell Differentiation genetics, Cell Differentiation physiology, Genome genetics, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta genetics, Hepatocytes metabolism, Liver growth & development, Transcription Factors genetics
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. Effects of tetracyclines on bones: an ambiguous question needs to be clarified.
- Author
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Cheng W, Yue Y, Fan W, Hu Y, Wang X, Pan X, Zhou X, Qin L, and Zhang P
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers metabolism, Bone Remodeling drug effects, Humans, Osteoblasts drug effects, Osteoclasts drug effects, Structure-Activity Relationship, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bone Development drug effects, Bone and Bones drug effects, Tetracyclines pharmacology
- Abstract
Tetracyclines have been widely used in bone histomorphometry to label new bone formation and apposition rate. However, most studies of tetracyclines have also shown their strong inhibitory action on osteoclasts and their effects on osteoblast activities as well. To even obtain the in-depth understanding on this issue, we have reviewed related studies in "Pubmed" by searching the keywords "tetracyclines and osteoclast", "tetracyclines and osteoblast", which retrieved 118 and 162 related documents, respectively. Among these papers, some described the application of tetracyclines as fluorescent marker in bone histomorphometry, while others discussed their role in protection of bone metabolism partly through inhibiting osteoclastogenesis or bone resorption and through enhancing osteogenesis. Based on the above mentioned, it seems that tetracyclines used as bone labeling markers may affect the results of bone histomorphometry to some extent. To even confirm the effect of tetracyclines on bones cells (osteoblast, osteoclast) and in vivo bone remodeling, related research work has been performed in our research team which indicated quite different results in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the influence of tetracyclines on bones may differ in terms of different conditions which need to be further elucidated.
- Published
- 2012
182. Induction of functional hepatocyte-like cells from mouse fibroblasts by defined factors.
- Author
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Huang P, He Z, Ji S, Sun H, Xiang D, Liu C, Hu Y, Wang X, and Hui L
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Lineage, Cells, Cultured, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 deficiency, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins deficiency, GATA4 Transcription Factor genetics, GATA4 Transcription Factor metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha genetics, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha metabolism, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-gamma genetics, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-gamma metabolism, Hepatocytes physiology, Hepatocytes transplantation, Hydrolases deficiency, Hydrolases genetics, Liver cytology, Liver enzymology, Liver physiology, Liver physiopathology, Liver Diseases enzymology, Liver Diseases pathology, Liver Diseases physiopathology, Liver Diseases therapy, Mice, Mice, Inbred NOD, Mice, SCID, Regenerative Medicine methods, Survival Rate, Tail cytology, Tissue Engineering methods, Transduction, Genetic, Cell Differentiation genetics, Fibroblasts cytology, Fibroblasts metabolism, Hepatocytes cytology, Hepatocytes metabolism
- Abstract
The generation of functional hepatocytes independent of donor liver organs is of great therapeutic interest with regard to regenerative medicine and possible cures for liver disease. Induced hepatic differentiation has been achieved previously using embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. Particularly, hepatocytes generated from a patient's own induced pluripotent stem cells could theoretically avoid immunological rejection. However, the induction of hepatocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells is a complicated process that would probably be replaced with the arrival of improved technology. Overexpression of lineage-specific transcription factors directly converts terminally differentiated cells into some other lineages, including neurons, cardiomyocytes and blood progenitors; however, it remains unclear whether these lineage-converted cells could repair damaged tissues in vivo. Here we demonstrate the direct induction of functional hepatocyte-like (iHep) cells from mouse tail-tip fibroblasts by transduction of Gata4, Hnf1α and Foxa3, and inactivation of p19(Arf). iHep cells show typical epithelial morphology, express hepatic genes and acquire hepatocyte functions. Notably, transplanted iHep cells repopulate the livers of fumarylacetoacetate-hydrolase-deficient (Fah(-/-)) mice and rescue almost half of recipients from death by restoring liver functions. Our study provides a novel strategy to generate functional hepatocyte-like cells for the purpose of liver engineering and regenerative medicine.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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183. Hepatoblast-like progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells can repopulate livers of mice.
- Author
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Li F, Liu P, Liu C, Xiang D, Deng L, Li W, Wangensteen K, Song J, Ma Y, Hui L, Wei L, Li L, Ding X, Hu Y, He Z, and Wang X
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Differentiation physiology, Cell Division physiology, Cell Separation methods, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Embryonic Stem Cells metabolism, Graft Survival physiology, Hydrolases genetics, Liver Regeneration, Mice, Mice, Mutant Strains, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit metabolism, Embryonic Stem Cells cytology, Hepatocytes cytology, Liver Diseases pathology, Liver Diseases therapy, Stem Cell Transplantation
- Abstract
Background & Aims: Hepatocyte-like cells can be derived from pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, but ES cell-derived hepatic cells with extensive capacity to repopulate liver have not been identified. We aimed to identify and purify ES cell-derived hepatoblast-like progenitor cells and to explore their capacity for liver repopulation in mice after in vitro expansion., Methods: Unmanipulated mouse ES cells were cultured under defined conditions and allowed to undergo stepwise hepatic differentiation. The derived hepatic cells were examined by morphologic, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, gene expression, and clonal expansion analyses. The capacities of ES cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells to repopulate liver were investigated in mice that were deficient in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah) (a model of liver injury)., Results: Mouse ES cells were induced to differentiate into a population that contained hepatic progenitor cells; this population included cells that expressed epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) but did not express c-Kit. Clonal hepatic progenitors that arose from single c-Kit(-)EpCAM(+) cells could undergo long-term expansion and maintain hepatoblast-like characteristics. Enriched c-Kit(-)EpCAM(+) cells and clonally expanded hepatic progenitor cells repopulated the livers of Fah-deficient mice without inducing tumorigenesis., Conclusions: ES cell-derived c-Kit(-)EpCAM(+) cells contain a population of hepatoblast-like progenitor cells that can repopulate livers of mice., (Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. Liver xeno-repopulation with human hepatocytes in Fah-/-Rag2-/- mice after pharmacological immunosuppression.
- Author
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He Z, Zhang H, Zhang X, Xie D, Chen Y, Wangensteen KJ, Ekker SC, Firpo M, Liu C, Xiang D, Zi X, Hui L, Yang G, Ding X, Hu Y, and Wang X
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone Marrow Cells immunology, Hepatitis B immunology, Hepatitis B metabolism, Hepatitis B virology, Hepatitis B virus immunology, Hepatitis B virus metabolism, Hepatocytes immunology, Hepatocytes virology, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Liver virology, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Hepatocytes transplantation, Immunosuppression Therapy methods, Liver immunology, Transplantation, Heterologous
- Abstract
Functional human hepatocytes xeno-engrafted in mouse liver can be used as a model system to study hepatitis virus infection and vaccine efficacy. Significant liver xeno-repopulation has been reported in two kinds of genetically modified mice that have both immune deficiency and liver injury-induced donor hepatocyte selection: the uPA/SCID mice and Fah(-/-) Rag2(-/-)Il2rg(-/-) mice. The lack of hardy breeding and the overly elaborated technique in these two models may hinder the potential future application of these models to hepatitis virus infection and vaccination studies. Improving the transplantation protocol for liver xeno-repopulation from human hepatocytes will increase the model efficiency and application. In this study, we successfully apply immunosuppressive drug treatments of anti-asialo GM1 and FK506 in Fah(-/-)Rag2(-/-) mice, resulting in significant liver xeno-repopulation from human hepatocytes and human fetal liver cells. This methodology decreases the risk of animal mortality during breeding and surgery. When infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) sera, Fah(-/-)Rag2(-/-) mice with liver xeno-repopulation from human hepatocytes accumulate significant levels of HBV DNA and HBV proteins. Our new protocol for humanized liver could be applied in the study of human hepatitis virus infection in vivo, as well as the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of potential vaccines.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. Pentazocine pretreatment suppresses fentanyl-induced cough.
- Author
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Ai Q, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wu S, Qin Z, Wang J, Wang G, Zhang J, and An M
- Subjects
- Adult, Anesthesia, General methods, Anesthetics, Intravenous therapeutic use, Cough chemically induced, Double-Blind Method, Elective Surgical Procedures, Female, Fentanyl therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Narcotic Antagonists therapeutic use, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Anesthetics, Intravenous adverse effects, Cough prevention & control, Fentanyl adverse effects, Pentazocine therapeutic use
- Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of pentazocine pretreatment on fentanyl-induced cough. With ethics committee approval, 277 ASA I-II patients, aged between 19 and 63 years, undergoing various elective surgeries during general anesthesia, were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. All patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group I (n = 92) and Group II (n = 93) received normal saline, while Group III (n = 92) received pentazocine 0.5 mg·kg(-1) 5 min prior to receiving fentanyl, Patients belonging to Groups II and III were administered 2 μg/kg fentanyl intravenously over 2 s after the first injection; Group I served as a negative control for fentanyl. Physiologic indicators such as heart rate (HR), non-invasive blood pressure (NBP) and pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) of patients were recorded before giving pentazocine or normal saline 1 minute after fentanyl injections. The incidence of cough was recorded and graded as mild (1-2), moderate (3-5) and severe (> 5), depending on the number of coughs observed [13]. The incidence of cough was 0%, 22.6% and 4.3% in Group I, Group II and Group III, respectively. There was no significant difference in SpO(2) for the duration of the trial among the three groups. Premedication with intravenous pentazocine can minimize the incidence of fentanyl-induced cough and has no influence on blood pressure, heart rate, and SpO(2) compared with Group II.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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186. Effects of particle size and surface charge on cellular uptake and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles.
- Author
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He C, Hu Y, Yin L, Tang C, and Yin C
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Humans, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Neoplasms, Experimental, Particle Size, Surface Properties, Tissue Distribution, Nanoparticles, Polymers pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
To elucidate the effects of particle size and surface charge on cellular uptake and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), rhodamine B (RhB) labeled carboxymethyl chitosan grafted NPs (RhB-CMCNP) and chitosan hydrochloride grafted NPs (RhB-CHNP) were developed as the model negatively and positively charged polymeric NPs, respectively. These NPs owned well defined particle sizes (150-500 nm) and Zeta potentials (-40 mV - +35 mV). FITC labeled protamine sulfate (FITC-PS) loaded RhB-CMCNP and camptothecin (CPT) loaded RhB-CHNP with high encapsulation efficiency were prepared. The fluorescence stability in plasma and towards I(-) was investigated, and the result indicated it was sufficient for qualitative and quantitative analysis. NPs with high surface charge and large particle size were phagocytized more efficiently by murine macrophage. Slight particle size and surface charge differences and different cell lines had significant implications in the cellular uptake of NPs, and various mechanisms were involved in the uptake process. In vivo biodistribution suggested that NPs with slight negative charges and particle size of 150 nm were tended to accumulate in tumor more efficiently. These results could serve as a guideline in the rational design of drug nanocarriers with maximized therapeutic efficacy and predictable in vivo properties, in which the control of particle size and surface charge was of significance., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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187. Zbtb20 is essential for the specification of CA1 field identity in the developing hippocampus.
- Author
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Xie Z, Ma X, Ji W, Zhou G, Lu Y, Xiang Z, Wang YX, Zhang L, Hu Y, Ding YQ, and Zhang WJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Apoptosis, CA1 Region, Hippocampal cytology, CA1 Region, Hippocampal growth & development, Gene Deletion, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Transcription Factors deficiency, Transcription Factors genetics, CA1 Region, Hippocampal embryology, CA1 Region, Hippocampal metabolism, Transcription Factors metabolism
- Abstract
The development of hippocampal circuitry depends on the proper assembly of correctly specified and fully differentiated hippocampal neurons. Little is known about factors that control the hippocampal specification. Here, we show that zinc finger protein Zbtb20 is essential for the specification of hippocampal CA1 field identity. We found that Zbtb20 expression was initially activated in the hippocampal anlage at the onset of corticogenesis, and persisted in immature hippocampal neurons. Targeted deletion of Zbtb20 in mice did not compromise the progenitor proliferation in the hippocampal and adjacent transitional ventricular zone, but led to the transformation of the hippocampal CA1 field into a transitional neocortex-like structure, as evidenced by cytoarchitectural, neuronal migration, and gene expression phenotypes. Correspondingly, the subiculum was ectopically located adjacent to the CA3 in mutant. Although the field identities of the mutant CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) were largely maintained, their projections were severely impaired. The hippocampus of Zbtb20 null mice was reduced in size, and exhibited increased apoptotic cell death during postnatal development. Our data establish an essential role of Zbtb20 in the specification of CA1 field identity by repressing adjacent transitional neocortex-specific fate determination.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. A procedure for highly specific, sensitive, and unbiased whole-genome amplification.
- Author
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Pan X, Urban AE, Palejev D, Schulz V, Grubert F, Hu Y, Snyder M, and Weissman SM
- Subjects
- Genomics, Nucleic Acid Hybridization methods, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis methods, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sensitivity and Specificity, DNA analysis, Genome, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques methods
- Abstract
Highly specific amplification of complex DNA pools without bias or template-independent products (TIPs) remains a challenge. We have developed a method using phi29 DNA polymerase and trehalose and optimized control of amplification to create micrograms of specific amplicons without TIPs from down to subfemtograms of DNA. With an input of as little as 0.5-2.5 ng of human gDNA or a few cells, the product could be close to native DNA in locus representation. The amplicons from 5 and 0.5 ng of DNA faithfully demonstrated all previously known heterozygous segmental duplications and deletions (3 Mb to 18 kb) located on chromosome 22 and even a homozygous deletion smaller than 1 kb with high-resolution chromosome-wide comparative genomic hybridization. With 550k Infinium BeadChip SNP typing, the >99.7% accuracy was compared favorably with results on unamplified DNA. Importantly, underrepresentation of chromosome termini that occurred with GenomiPhi v2 was greatly rescued with the present procedure, and the call rate and accuracy of SNP typing were also improved for the amplicons with a 0.5-ng, partially degraded DNA input. In addition, the amplification proceeded logarithmically in terms of total yield before saturation; the intact cells was amplified >50 times more efficiently than an equivalent amount of extracted DNA; and the locus imbalance for amplicons with 0.1 ng or lower input of DNA was variable, whereas for higher input it was largely reproducible. This procedure facilitates genomic analysis with single cells or other traces of DNA, and generates products suitable for analysis by massively parallel sequencing as well as microarray hybridization.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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189. Murine fertilized ovum, blastomere and morula cells lacking SP phenotype.
- Author
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Xu Y, He Z, Zhu H, Chen X, Li J, Zhang H, Pan X, and Hu Y
- Subjects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters biosynthesis, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters genetics, Animals, Benzimidazoles metabolism, Blastomeres metabolism, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Morula metabolism, Staining and Labeling, Stem Cells cytology, Stem Cells metabolism, Zygote metabolism, Blastomeres cytology, Morula cytology, Phenotype, Zygote cytology
- Abstract
In the field of stem cell research, SP (side population) phenotype is used to define the property that cells maintain a high efflux capability for some fluorescent dye, such as Hoechst 33342. Recently, many researches proposed that SP phenotype is a phenotype shared by some stem cells and some progenitor cells, and that SP phenotype is regarded as a candidate purification marker for stem cells. In this research, murine fertilized ova (including conjugate and single nucleus fertilized ova), 2-cell stage and 8-cell stage blastomeres, morulas and blastocysts were isolated and directly stained by Hoechst 33342 dye. The results show that fertilized ovum, blastomere and morula cells do not demonstrate any ability to efflux the dye. However, the inner cell mass (ICM) cells of blastocyst exhibit SP phenotype, which is consistent with the result of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro. These results indicate that the SP phenotype of ICM-derived ESCs is an intrinsic property and independent of the culture condition in vitro, and that SP phenotype is one of the characteristics of at least some pluripotent stem cells, but is not shared by totipotent stem cells. In addition, the result that the SP phenotype of ICM cells disappeared when the inhibitor verapamil was added into medium implies that the SP phenotype is directly associated with ABCG2. These results suggest that not all the stem cells demonstrate SP phenotype, and that SP phenotype might act as a purification marker for partial stem cells such as some pluripotent embryonic stem cells and multipotent adult stem cells, but not for all stem cells exampled by the totipotent stem cells in the very early stage of mouse embryos.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Hepatic differentiation and transcriptional profile of the mouse liver epithelial progenitor cells (LEPCs) under the induction of sodium butyrate.
- Author
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Li W, You P, Wei Q, Li Y, Fu X, Ding X, Wang X, and Hu Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Butyrates pharmacology, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cyclin B genetics, Cyclin B metabolism, Cyclin B1, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 genetics, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 metabolism, Epithelial Cells cytology, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling, Hepatocytes cytology, Mice, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Stem Cells cytology, Stem Cells drug effects, Hepatocytes metabolism, Liver cytology, Stem Cells metabolism, Transcription, Genetic
- Abstract
The liver regenerates by progenitor cells when it is damaged in chronic liver diseases and extensive damage. The progenitor cells, also termed "oval cells" according to their morphological traits, can differentiate into hepatocytes and bile duct cells in vivo. To better understand the transcriptional pattern that accompanies the hepatic differentiation of oval cells, we applied cDNA microarray to analyze the oval cell-derived liver epithelial progenitor cells (LEPCs) during in vitro induced differentiation. Upon exposure to sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, cultured LEPCs differentiate and express functional hepatocyte markers albumin, tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase and alcohol dehydrogenase. For expression profiling, cells were harvested at 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after exposure to sodium butyrate. After analyzing the microarray data by SOM clustering, total of 796 differentially regulated genes were grouped into 48 clusters. Consistent with the phenotype change of LEPCs after sodium butyrate treatment, many hepatocyte functional genes are revealed by analyzing the clusters containing genes up-regulated through all the time points. The clusters, containing down-regulated genes immediately after the induction, are also analyzed. The microarray data was validated by analyzing the expression of selected genes by quantitative real-time PCR. A set of genes expressed synergistically in these clusters may play a central role during the process of differentiation. Sodium butyrate decreases cyclin B1 and Cdk4 expression, which would be associated with LEPCs growth arrest shortly after treatment. Bmi1, a polycomb group protein, is also down-regulated immediately after treatment and remains at a low level during the induction. These findings highlight the key molecular mechanisms by which sodium butyrate, mediates its effects on cell growth arrest and induction of differentiation. In conclusion, our data reflect a global view of gene expression during hepatic differentiation of LEPCs induced by sodium butyrate.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
191. [Establishment of transgenic mice of hepatitis B virus X gene (adr subtype) mediated by spermatogonial cells].
- Author
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Hu H, Li D, Li X, Yao Y, and Hu Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Genetic Vectors, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Plasmids genetics, Recombinant Proteins biosynthesis, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Spermatogonia cytology, Trans-Activators genetics, Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins, Spermatogonia metabolism, Trans-Activators biosynthesis
- Abstract
Objective: To test the possibility of using spermatogonial cells as vector in the establishment of HBV X gene transgenic mice., Methods: Eukaryoti expression vector pcDNA3-X of hepatitis B virus X gene was constructed. The recombinant pcDNA3-X packed by liposome was injected into testicle tissue of male C57BL/6N mice using microvolume injector. Six weeks after the first injection, the mice were crossed with female mice. Polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were applied to identify the viral DNA(HBx gene) harbored n liver tissue., Results: The sequence of the X gene is consistent with that reported in literature. The X gene can be expressed in Hela cells. The positive rate in daughter mice was 6.25%., Conclusion: It is possible to use spermatogonial cells as vector to establish HBx transgenic mice.
- Published
- 2003
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